Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2022.2051509
S. Ustunova, Aysun Kılıç, H. Bulut, E. Gurel-Gurevin, A. H. Eriş, I. Meral
Abstract The protective effects of thymoquinone on learning and memory abilities and on hippocampal oxidative stress in rats exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic field radiation at s strength of 6.0 ± 0.5 V/m for 1 h on each of 15 days was studied. Thymoquinone-treatment (10 mg/kg/day) of radiation-exposed rats resulted in better performance than that of radiation-exposed rats not receiving thymoquinone. Electromagnetic field-exposure led to increased hippocampal superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels and to lowered brain-derived neurotrophic factor level; thymoquinone treatment ameliorated all four parameters. Also, in the electromagnetic field-exposed group, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor expression decreased, and gamma-aminobutyric-acid alpha receptor expression increased, which was reversed by thymoquinone treatment. In conclusion, treatment with the thymoquinone ameliorated the impact of the exposure to EMF and provided a hint on the mechanism involving oxidative stress.
{"title":"Impaired memory by hippocampal oxidative stress in rats exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields is ameliorated by thymoquinone","authors":"S. Ustunova, Aysun Kılıç, H. Bulut, E. Gurel-Gurevin, A. H. Eriş, I. Meral","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2022.2051509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2022.2051509","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The protective effects of thymoquinone on learning and memory abilities and on hippocampal oxidative stress in rats exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic field radiation at s strength of 6.0 ± 0.5 V/m for 1 h on each of 15 days was studied. Thymoquinone-treatment (10 mg/kg/day) of radiation-exposed rats resulted in better performance than that of radiation-exposed rats not receiving thymoquinone. Electromagnetic field-exposure led to increased hippocampal superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels and to lowered brain-derived neurotrophic factor level; thymoquinone treatment ameliorated all four parameters. Also, in the electromagnetic field-exposed group, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor expression decreased, and gamma-aminobutyric-acid alpha receptor expression increased, which was reversed by thymoquinone treatment. In conclusion, treatment with the thymoquinone ameliorated the impact of the exposure to EMF and provided a hint on the mechanism involving oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"11 1","pages":"176 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82910151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2022.2028790
M. Z. Alam, Md. Anamul Hoque, L. Carpenter-Boggs
Abstract Growth and As uptake of mung bean (Vigna radiata) in roots, shoots, and grains of different genotypes grown in soil with high As level (30 mg kg−1) amended with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, selenium, and biochar was investigated. Arsenic content in grains was reduced on average by 45% with any of the soil amendments. More specifically, the As concentrations in grains were reduced by 57% with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and by 60% with Se amendments. Also, great differences in As-uptake between varieties have been observed.
{"title":"Mycorrhizal fungi, biochar, and selenium increase biomass of Vigna radiata and reduce arsenic uptake","authors":"M. Z. Alam, Md. Anamul Hoque, L. Carpenter-Boggs","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2022.2028790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2022.2028790","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Growth and As uptake of mung bean (Vigna radiata) in roots, shoots, and grains of different genotypes grown in soil with high As level (30 mg kg−1) amended with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, selenium, and biochar was investigated. Arsenic content in grains was reduced on average by 45% with any of the soil amendments. More specifically, the As concentrations in grains were reduced by 57% with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and by 60% with Se amendments. Also, great differences in As-uptake between varieties have been observed.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"10 1","pages":"84 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88925141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2022.2028791
Boniphace E. Majinyali, Paul W. Jones
Abstract The ingestion of certain trace metals has been a major concern of the world and there have been links to cancer, renal failure, anemia, cardiovascular and reproductive complications. Pacifiers are amongst the childcare objects that may expose children to potentially toxic metals through mouthing behaviors. Despite high levels of hazardous chemicals reported in some childcare products including pacifiers, there has been limited information on the chemical species formed in saliva and as a result their bioavailability levels. Using the Joint Expert Speciation System, this study determined chemical speciation and predicted bioavailability at a range of 18–92% for cadmium and 1–23% for lead of the total metal concentrations through the creation of simulated saliva models at low and high pH. The degree of predicted uptake using a net-neutral species approach was dependent on the total concentrations of lead and cadmium within a standard range of low molecular mass ligands and the pH of the saliva. These saliva models predicted cadmium to be more bioavailable than lead, indicating there may be an elevated risk from the mouthing action of pacifiers or similar items containing cadmium compared to lead. This study, therefore, offers regulatory bodies opportunities to strengthen safety compliance monitoring for materials used in pacifiers.
{"title":"Simulation of Cadmium and Lead Uptake into Saliva from Children's Pacifiers using the Joint Expert Speciation System","authors":"Boniphace E. Majinyali, Paul W. Jones","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2022.2028791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2022.2028791","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ingestion of certain trace metals has been a major concern of the world and there have been links to cancer, renal failure, anemia, cardiovascular and reproductive complications. Pacifiers are amongst the childcare objects that may expose children to potentially toxic metals through mouthing behaviors. Despite high levels of hazardous chemicals reported in some childcare products including pacifiers, there has been limited information on the chemical species formed in saliva and as a result their bioavailability levels. Using the Joint Expert Speciation System, this study determined chemical speciation and predicted bioavailability at a range of 18–92% for cadmium and 1–23% for lead of the total metal concentrations through the creation of simulated saliva models at low and high pH. The degree of predicted uptake using a net-neutral species approach was dependent on the total concentrations of lead and cadmium within a standard range of low molecular mass ligands and the pH of the saliva. These saliva models predicted cadmium to be more bioavailable than lead, indicating there may be an elevated risk from the mouthing action of pacifiers or similar items containing cadmium compared to lead. This study, therefore, offers regulatory bodies opportunities to strengthen safety compliance monitoring for materials used in pacifiers.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"112 1","pages":"194 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79648076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2022.2057499
J. Žaltauskaitė, R. Dagiliūtė, G. Sujetovienė, A. Dikšaitytė
Abstract The present study aimed at investigating the response of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) across different endpoints (morphological, physiological, and biochemical) to short-term single and combined copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) exposure. Barley seedlings were exposed for 5 days to Cd and Cu (0.1–100 mg L−1) individually and in binary combinations. Binary mixture toxicity was evaluated using the concentration addition concept and toxic unit approach. Single metal treatment reduced barley height and biomass, altered the content of photosynthetic pigments, and induced lipid peroxidation. Plant growth (measured as plant height and biomass) and lipid peroxidation showed high sensitivity to combined Cu–Cd treatment and Cu–Cd mixture induced greater than additive effect on these endpoints. The uptake and accumulation of Cu and Cd were considerably influenced by the interaction among these metals. Cu reduced Cd accumulation in plants, while Cd had no influence on Cu accumulation in barley roots and shoots. Analysis of mixture effects across different endpoints revealed that mixture effects are endpoint dependent and different types of interactions were manifested. Overall, the present study shows that the same test design for single and mixture toxicity assessment for several endpoints cannot always be used to predict mixture effects and type of interaction.
{"title":"Short-term interactive effects of copper and cadmium on barley growth, metal uptake, and oxidative damage","authors":"J. Žaltauskaitė, R. Dagiliūtė, G. Sujetovienė, A. Dikšaitytė","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2022.2057499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2022.2057499","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study aimed at investigating the response of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) across different endpoints (morphological, physiological, and biochemical) to short-term single and combined copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) exposure. Barley seedlings were exposed for 5 days to Cd and Cu (0.1–100 mg L−1) individually and in binary combinations. Binary mixture toxicity was evaluated using the concentration addition concept and toxic unit approach. Single metal treatment reduced barley height and biomass, altered the content of photosynthetic pigments, and induced lipid peroxidation. Plant growth (measured as plant height and biomass) and lipid peroxidation showed high sensitivity to combined Cu–Cd treatment and Cu–Cd mixture induced greater than additive effect on these endpoints. The uptake and accumulation of Cu and Cd were considerably influenced by the interaction among these metals. Cu reduced Cd accumulation in plants, while Cd had no influence on Cu accumulation in barley roots and shoots. Analysis of mixture effects across different endpoints revealed that mixture effects are endpoint dependent and different types of interactions were manifested. Overall, the present study shows that the same test design for single and mixture toxicity assessment for several endpoints cannot always be used to predict mixture effects and type of interaction.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"48 1","pages":"103 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76228283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2022.2055031
Jingyuan Xiong, Minghui Wang, Ye Tian, Aru Ling, S. Shan, Li Zhao, G. Cheng
Abstract S-Equol is an intestinal bacterial metabolite of the isoflavone daidzein. Racemic (±)-equol is used as a dietary estrogen supplement in menopausal women and is suggested to affect the female reproductive function and development, primarily controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and gonadotropin-releasing hormone release. In this study, murine neurons were utilized to evaluate the effect and mechanism of (±)-equol on the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The cells were treated with up to 20 µmol/L of (±)-equol to determine the influence on cell viability. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western-blotting analysis were used to investigate the impacts of (±)-equol on the secretion and transcription of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and the transcription and translation of key neuromodulators. This study showed that (±)-equol could decrease cell viability, increase the ability to secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and interfere with the expression of neurokinin B receptor, makorin ring finger protein 3, and silent information regulator 1.
s -马酚是大豆异黄酮的肠道细菌代谢物。外消旋(±)-雌马酚作为绝经期妇女的膳食雌激素补充剂，被认为影响女性生殖功能和发育，主要受下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴和促性腺激素释放激素释放的控制。本研究利用小鼠神经元研究(±)-雌马酚对促性腺激素释放激素分泌的影响及其机制。用高达20µmol/L的(±)-雌马酚处理细胞，以确定对细胞活力的影响。采用酶联免疫吸附法、实时定量聚合酶链反应和Western-blotting分析(±)-雌马酚对促性腺激素释放激素分泌和转录以及关键神经调节剂转录和翻译的影响。本研究表明(±)-雌马酚可降低细胞活力，增加促性腺激素释放激素分泌能力，干扰神经激肽B受体、makorin无名指蛋白3和沉默信息调节因子1的表达。
{"title":"(±)-Equol interferes with the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and the expression of neuromodulators in murine neurons","authors":"Jingyuan Xiong, Minghui Wang, Ye Tian, Aru Ling, S. Shan, Li Zhao, G. Cheng","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2022.2055031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2022.2055031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract S-Equol is an intestinal bacterial metabolite of the isoflavone daidzein. Racemic (±)-equol is used as a dietary estrogen supplement in menopausal women and is suggested to affect the female reproductive function and development, primarily controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and gonadotropin-releasing hormone release. In this study, murine neurons were utilized to evaluate the effect and mechanism of (±)-equol on the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The cells were treated with up to 20 µmol/L of (±)-equol to determine the influence on cell viability. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western-blotting analysis were used to investigate the impacts of (±)-equol on the secretion and transcription of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and the transcription and translation of key neuromodulators. This study showed that (±)-equol could decrease cell viability, increase the ability to secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and interfere with the expression of neurokinin B receptor, makorin ring finger protein 3, and silent information regulator 1.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"129 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84999735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2022.2030341
Nahid Najafi, M. Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, H. Hosseinzadeh, A. Hayes, G. Karimi
Abstract Rotenone is a broadly used organic pesticide with neurotoxicity as a serious side effect for non-target organisms. The inhibition of mitochondrial complex I is the principal mechanism of rotenone toxicity that leads to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and decreased autophagy. Several chemical compounds have been demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and autophagy enhancement in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Some chemical agents can ameliorate rotenone-induced neurotoxicity through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. They also inhibit the accumulation of α-synuclein, control dopamine release, affect ion channels, and induce autophagy. Clinical trials are essential to reinforce the effectiveness of any chemical in managing patients with rotenone neurotoxicity.
{"title":"Chemical agents protective against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity","authors":"Nahid Najafi, M. Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, H. Hosseinzadeh, A. Hayes, G. Karimi","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2022.2030341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2022.2030341","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rotenone is a broadly used organic pesticide with neurotoxicity as a serious side effect for non-target organisms. The inhibition of mitochondrial complex I is the principal mechanism of rotenone toxicity that leads to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and decreased autophagy. Several chemical compounds have been demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and autophagy enhancement in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Some chemical agents can ameliorate rotenone-induced neurotoxicity through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. They also inhibit the accumulation of α-synuclein, control dopamine release, affect ion channels, and induce autophagy. Clinical trials are essential to reinforce the effectiveness of any chemical in managing patients with rotenone neurotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"2 1","pages":"149 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85195621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2022.2061489
Sri priyaa Goalla, J. P, R. A, K. R., M. S
Abstract Tembotrione, a new generation low dose herbicide applied solely or in combination with atrazine or 2,4-D for controlling complex weed flora in maize field. Frequent use of herbicides at higher rate and in combinations might be a threat to soil biological health. Hence the effect of tembotrione applied at 120 and 240 g/ha and its combination with surfactant isoxadifen-ethyl, atrazine and or 2,4-D as tank mix on soil enzymes and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi infection and sporulation was assessed in this study. The enzymes dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi population and root colonization were hindered by tembotrione applied at higher dose and with surfactant and atrazine though significant weed control was achieved. Thus, the tembotrione with surfactant isoxadifen-ethyl should be applied at recommended rate to control weeds. Also, continuous monitoring is essential to avoid effect on non-target organisms and maintain soil biological health when applied with atrazine for broad spectrum weed control in irrigated maize.
{"title":"Tembotrione combinations on enzyme activities and arbuscular mycorrhiza in maize planted soil","authors":"Sri priyaa Goalla, J. P, R. A, K. R., M. S","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2022.2061489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2022.2061489","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tembotrione, a new generation low dose herbicide applied solely or in combination with atrazine or 2,4-D for controlling complex weed flora in maize field. Frequent use of herbicides at higher rate and in combinations might be a threat to soil biological health. Hence the effect of tembotrione applied at 120 and 240 g/ha and its combination with surfactant isoxadifen-ethyl, atrazine and or 2,4-D as tank mix on soil enzymes and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi infection and sporulation was assessed in this study. The enzymes dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi population and root colonization were hindered by tembotrione applied at higher dose and with surfactant and atrazine though significant weed control was achieved. Thus, the tembotrione with surfactant isoxadifen-ethyl should be applied at recommended rate to control weeds. Also, continuous monitoring is essential to avoid effect on non-target organisms and maintain soil biological health when applied with atrazine for broad spectrum weed control in irrigated maize.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"6 1","pages":"67 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80369908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2021.2009480
M. Neuland, H. Allmendinger, H. Pirkl, R. West, P. M. Plehiers
Abstract The environmental effects of 4,4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) are linked with its potential hydrolytic conversion to 4,4’-methylenedianiline (MDA). Likewise, the reactions of MDI with biological macromolecules govern the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes associated with sensitization and toxicological effects, and the hydrolytic formation of MDA in the body would be a source of additional concern. To obtain better insight into the influence of the reactive behavior of MDI on its potential health and environmental hazards, its hydrolysis in water was studied at very high dilution (120 nmol/L) under homogeneous conditions that minimized potential interference by solvents, buffers, and strong N- or S-centered nucleophiles. The reaction proceeds in two distinct steps, converting one isocyanate group at a time. Pseudo-first-order rate constants for the conversion of MDI were determined at 293 K and pH values between 4 and 9, and at temperatures between 283 and 303 K at pH 7. The half-life of MDI in water under neutral conditions and at 298 K was found to be 11 s. This newly-generated kinetic and mechanistic information provides a basis for refining the conceptual and quantitative models used to predict the environmental and toxicological effects of MDI and MDI-related substances.
{"title":"Homogeneous hydrolysis of 4,4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in water","authors":"M. Neuland, H. Allmendinger, H. Pirkl, R. West, P. M. Plehiers","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2021.2009480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2021.2009480","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The environmental effects of 4,4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) are linked with its potential hydrolytic conversion to 4,4’-methylenedianiline (MDA). Likewise, the reactions of MDI with biological macromolecules govern the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes associated with sensitization and toxicological effects, and the hydrolytic formation of MDA in the body would be a source of additional concern. To obtain better insight into the influence of the reactive behavior of MDI on its potential health and environmental hazards, its hydrolysis in water was studied at very high dilution (120 nmol/L) under homogeneous conditions that minimized potential interference by solvents, buffers, and strong N- or S-centered nucleophiles. The reaction proceeds in two distinct steps, converting one isocyanate group at a time. Pseudo-first-order rate constants for the conversion of MDI were determined at 293 K and pH values between 4 and 9, and at temperatures between 283 and 303 K at pH 7. The half-life of MDI in water under neutral conditions and at 298 K was found to be 11 s. This newly-generated kinetic and mechanistic information provides a basis for refining the conceptual and quantitative models used to predict the environmental and toxicological effects of MDI and MDI-related substances.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"80 1","pages":"55 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76395053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2021.2007921
S. Verma, Rakesh Soni, P. Gupta
Abstract The present study has been carried out in Clarias batrachus to evaluate the genotoxic effect of herbicide pretilachlor using micronucleus test and comet assay. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of pretilachlor (0.29 − 0.58 mg/L) – for 30 to 60 d. Micronucleus test and comet assay of erythrocytes revealed that genetic damage increases with increasing concentration of the herbicide at all durations of exposure. Maximum genetic damage was observed at day 30 after which it decreases and becomes minimum at day 60.
{"title":"Chloroacetamide herbicide pretilachlor induces genotoxicity in the fresh water fish Clarias batrachus","authors":"S. Verma, Rakesh Soni, P. Gupta","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2021.2007921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2021.2007921","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study has been carried out in Clarias batrachus to evaluate the genotoxic effect of herbicide pretilachlor using micronucleus test and comet assay. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of pretilachlor (0.29 − 0.58 mg/L) – for 30 to 60 d. Micronucleus test and comet assay of erythrocytes revealed that genetic damage increases with increasing concentration of the herbicide at all durations of exposure. Maximum genetic damage was observed at day 30 after which it decreases and becomes minimum at day 60.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"28 1","pages":"120 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90562537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2021.2007922
Asnakech Tesfaye, M. Amde, E. Teju, Deribachew Bekana, Negussie Megersa
Abstract Water pollution due to toxic metals may pose a significant effect on the environment and the biota indicating the necessity of careful management of their concentration in the system. On the other hand, a simplified and useable sample preparation technique is required for their trace analysis. In this report, a simple solid-phase extraction procedure was developed for fast extraction and preconcentration of Cu(II) and Cr(III) from waters using acetic acid modified zinc oxide nanoparticles prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The extraction procedure was optimized with respect to sample volume, pH, adsorbent dose, eluent, and extraction time. Ionic strength and co-existing ions did not exhibit any significant effect on the extraction. Under optimum conditions, with an enrichment factor of 40 and recoveries of over 95%, the limits of detection for both analytes were in the low µg L−1 range. Intra-day and inter-day precision were at about 3% to 4%. The method was applied for trace determination of the analytes in real water samples.
{"title":"Acetic acid-modified zinc oxide nanoparticles for solid phase extraction of Cu(II) and Cr(III) in water","authors":"Asnakech Tesfaye, M. Amde, E. Teju, Deribachew Bekana, Negussie Megersa","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2021.2007922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2021.2007922","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Water pollution due to toxic metals may pose a significant effect on the environment and the biota indicating the necessity of careful management of their concentration in the system. On the other hand, a simplified and useable sample preparation technique is required for their trace analysis. In this report, a simple solid-phase extraction procedure was developed for fast extraction and preconcentration of Cu(II) and Cr(III) from waters using acetic acid modified zinc oxide nanoparticles prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The extraction procedure was optimized with respect to sample volume, pH, adsorbent dose, eluent, and extraction time. Ionic strength and co-existing ions did not exhibit any significant effect on the extraction. Under optimum conditions, with an enrichment factor of 40 and recoveries of over 95%, the limits of detection for both analytes were in the low µg L−1 range. Intra-day and inter-day precision were at about 3% to 4%. The method was applied for trace determination of the analytes in real water samples.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"138 1","pages":"20 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79517063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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