Pub Date : 2021-03-16DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2021.1960349
Wannakarn Kitipaspallop, Siwapech Sillapaprayoon, P. Taepavarapruk, C. Chanchao, Wittaya Pimtong
Abstract α-Mangostin is a primary active compound found in mangosteen pericarp that has been used as a traditional medicine in Thailand and other countries in Southeast Asia. Since toxicological information is limited, developmental toxicity and transcriptional effects of α-mangostin during embryogenesis of zebrafish were studied. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to α-mangostin (up to 15 µmol/L) from 4 hours up to 72 the 50% lethal concentration was estimated as 6.9 ± 1.9 µmol/L. The compound induced developmental defects in zebrafish embryos/larvae, mainly consisting of truncated bodies, bent tails, blood clots, and pericardial and yolk edemas. α-Mangostin increased malformation in body shape and tail morphology. Additionally, the compound altered the transcriptional expression levels of genes correlated with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and hematopoiesis. Further research will be necessary to evaluate if α-mangostin may cause developmental toxicity in other animals.
{"title":"Evaluation of developmental and transcriptional effects of α-mangostin on zebrafish embryos","authors":"Wannakarn Kitipaspallop, Siwapech Sillapaprayoon, P. Taepavarapruk, C. Chanchao, Wittaya Pimtong","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2021.1960349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2021.1960349","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract α-Mangostin is a primary active compound found in mangosteen pericarp that has been used as a traditional medicine in Thailand and other countries in Southeast Asia. Since toxicological information is limited, developmental toxicity and transcriptional effects of α-mangostin during embryogenesis of zebrafish were studied. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to α-mangostin (up to 15 µmol/L) from 4 hours up to 72 the 50% lethal concentration was estimated as 6.9 ± 1.9 µmol/L. The compound induced developmental defects in zebrafish embryos/larvae, mainly consisting of truncated bodies, bent tails, blood clots, and pericardial and yolk edemas. α-Mangostin increased malformation in body shape and tail morphology. Additionally, the compound altered the transcriptional expression levels of genes correlated with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and hematopoiesis. Further research will be necessary to evaluate if α-mangostin may cause developmental toxicity in other animals.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"11 1","pages":"254 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81219460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-16DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2021.1973003
H. Çubukçu, İ. Durak
Abstract The present study set out to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke on oxidant–antioxidant systems of homogenized bovine lung tissue and the possible protective effects of cigarette filters impregnated with vitamin C and lemon juice. Cigarette smoke was passed into bovine lung homogenate supernatant and malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, paraoxonase-1, nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide were determined. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were found to have increased as the dose of cigarette smoke increased and superoxide dismutase activity decreased with incremental doses of cigarette smoke exposure. Furthermore, the lemon juice impregnated filters scavenged nitric oxide. The cigarette smoke led to lipid peroxidation and a reduction in superoxide dismutase activity. Antioxidant-impregnated filters could not prevent oxidative stress.
{"title":"Effects of cigarette smoke on oxidant–antioxidant system of lung tissue","authors":"H. Çubukçu, İ. Durak","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2021.1973003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2021.1973003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study set out to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke on oxidant–antioxidant systems of homogenized bovine lung tissue and the possible protective effects of cigarette filters impregnated with vitamin C and lemon juice. Cigarette smoke was passed into bovine lung homogenate supernatant and malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, paraoxonase-1, nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide were determined. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were found to have increased as the dose of cigarette smoke increased and superoxide dismutase activity decreased with incremental doses of cigarette smoke exposure. Furthermore, the lemon juice impregnated filters scavenged nitric oxide. The cigarette smoke led to lipid peroxidation and a reduction in superoxide dismutase activity. Antioxidant-impregnated filters could not prevent oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"54 1","pages":"269 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83051560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-16DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2021.1957472
R. Sudmoon, P. Thamsenanupap, Jatuporn Teanma, A. Chaveerach, Sanit Kaewduangdee, T. Tanee
Abstract Glyphosate, widely used herbicide, is considered harmful to the environment and human health. Its effects on growth rate and genotoxicity of Ipomoea aquatica were assessed in this work. The plants were grown in the soil which supplemented with glyphosate at 1- to 3-fold the recommended dose. After 30 days, lengths and dry weights of the roots and shoots were found to decrease in a concentration-dependent manner. The same was found for genotoxicity assessed via random amplified polymorphic DNA with genomic template stability tests, confirming the effects of glyphosate on the growth rate inhibition and DNA damage. The usefulness of the random amplified polymorphic DNA assay as ecotoxicological tool for assessing genotoxic effects in plants is demonstrated.
{"title":"The effect of glyphosate on genotoxicity in Ipomoea aquatica","authors":"R. Sudmoon, P. Thamsenanupap, Jatuporn Teanma, A. Chaveerach, Sanit Kaewduangdee, T. Tanee","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2021.1957472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2021.1957472","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Glyphosate, widely used herbicide, is considered harmful to the environment and human health. Its effects on growth rate and genotoxicity of Ipomoea aquatica were assessed in this work. The plants were grown in the soil which supplemented with glyphosate at 1- to 3-fold the recommended dose. After 30 days, lengths and dry weights of the roots and shoots were found to decrease in a concentration-dependent manner. The same was found for genotoxicity assessed via random amplified polymorphic DNA with genomic template stability tests, confirming the effects of glyphosate on the growth rate inhibition and DNA damage. The usefulness of the random amplified polymorphic DNA assay as ecotoxicological tool for assessing genotoxic effects in plants is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"15 1","pages":"245 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90418934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-07DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2021.1942472
E. Altinoz, M. Erdemli, M. Gül, Z. Erdemli, S. Gül, Y. Turkoz
Abstract Tartrazine is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries worldwide, despite its many toxic effects. The therapeutic effects of crocin (50 mg/kg/day) against tartrazine-induced (500 mg/kg/day) oxidative damage in ileum and colon tissues in rats have been investigated. Malondialdehyde and total oxidant status levels elevated by tartrazine within the ileum and colon tissues were reduced with crocin treatment, while tartrazine decreased antioxidative parameters (glutathione, total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) were reverted. Tartrazine-induced histopathological changes of ileum and colon tissues were ameliorated following crocin treatment. In conclusion, Tartrazine consumption elicited tissue injury via lipid peroxidation, and crocin ameliorated oxidative injury by its antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties.
{"title":"Prevention of toxic effects of orally administered tartrazine by crocin in Wistar rats","authors":"E. Altinoz, M. Erdemli, M. Gül, Z. Erdemli, S. Gül, Y. Turkoz","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2021.1942472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2021.1942472","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tartrazine is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries worldwide, despite its many toxic effects. The therapeutic effects of crocin (50 mg/kg/day) against tartrazine-induced (500 mg/kg/day) oxidative damage in ileum and colon tissues in rats have been investigated. Malondialdehyde and total oxidant status levels elevated by tartrazine within the ileum and colon tissues were reduced with crocin treatment, while tartrazine decreased antioxidative parameters (glutathione, total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) were reverted. Tartrazine-induced histopathological changes of ileum and colon tissues were ameliorated following crocin treatment. In conclusion, Tartrazine consumption elicited tissue injury via lipid peroxidation, and crocin ameliorated oxidative injury by its antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"6 1","pages":"184 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81675649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-07DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2021.1936524
I. Chaudhuri, Yufanyi Ngiewih, R. McCunney, L. Levy
We were most interested to read the recent article entitled ‘Carbon black-benzo(a)pyrene complex-induced apoptosis and autophagy blockage in rat alveolar macrophages’ (Meng et al. 2020). We would like to point out an important error in the article, in which the authors incorrectly state that carbon black is present in fumes formed by cooking foods and the burning of biomass and fossil fuels. The authors lead their abstract with the following incorrect statement: ‘Cooking of foods and the burning of biomass and fossil fuels in stoves are the main sources of cooking fumes, with carbon black and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as main components.’ Contrary to the authors’ assertions, carbon black (CAS 1333-86-4) is not formed from cooking, but instead is a well-defined chemical substance that is intentionally manufactured on an industrial scale. It is formed by the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon feedstocks at high temperatures under strictly controlled process conditions. In the enclosed furnace black process of manufacturing carbon black (which is the major manufacturing process), preheated feedstock (typically decant oil from gasoline production), preheated air, and gas enter a closed reactor in which partial combustion at 1400–1800 C takes place. The carbon-rich product is quenched with water and passed through heat exchangers that preheat the combustion air. Altering the reactor temperatures and/or residence times produces the different grades of carbon black (Wang et al. 2003; McCunney et al. 2012). In our view, Meng et al. (2020) are mistaking carbon black with black carbon – also referred to as soot – which by definition, is an undesired carbonaceous byproduct of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. Anthropogenic sources of black carbon or soot include residential combustion sources, such as oil furnaces, fireplaces, and woodstoves in developed countries, and simple cookstoves and open fires in developing countries. While carbon black consists almost exclusively of pure elemental carbon (>97%), black carbon or soot is a heterogeneous material consisting of less than 60% elemental carbon, a large portion of inorganic impurities (ash and metals) and a range of organic carbon species (Watson and Valberg 2001; Long, Nascarella, and Valberg 2013). Therefore, it is misleading to state that the toxicology studies conducted using industrially-produced carbon black are in any way reflective of the potential toxicity of cooking fumes.
我们最感兴趣的是最近一篇题为“炭黑-苯并(a)芘复合物诱导大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞凋亡和自噬阻断”的文章(Meng et al. 2020)。我们想指出文章中的一个重要错误，作者错误地指出，炭黑存在于烹饪食物和燃烧生物质和化石燃料形成的烟雾中。作者在他们的摘要中引用了以下错误的陈述:“烹饪食物以及在炉子中燃烧生物质和化石燃料是烹饪烟雾的主要来源，炭黑和多环芳烃是主要成分。”与作者的断言相反，炭黑(CAS 1333-86-4)不是通过烹饪形成的，而是一种定义明确的化学物质，是在工业规模上有意制造的。它是在严格控制的工艺条件下，由碳氢原料在高温下热解而成。在制造炭黑的封闭炉黑过程中(这是主要的制造过程)，预热的原料(通常是从汽油生产中滗出的油)，预热的空气和气体进入一个封闭的反应器，其中在1400-1800℃发生部分燃烧。富含碳的产品用水淬火，并通过热交换器预热燃烧空气。改变反应器温度和/或停留时间会产生不同等级的炭黑(Wang et al. 2003;McCunney et al. 2012)。在我们看来，Meng等人(2020)将炭黑与黑碳(也称为煤烟)混淆了，根据定义，黑碳是化石燃料和生物质不完全燃烧时不希望产生的含碳副产品。黑碳或煤烟的人为来源包括住宅燃烧源，如发达国家的油炉、壁炉和柴炉，以及发展中国家的简单炉灶和明火。虽然炭黑几乎完全由纯元素碳组成(>97%)，但黑碳或煤烟是一种非均质材料，由不到60%的元素碳，大部分无机杂质(灰分和金属)和一系列有机碳组成(Watson和Valberg 2001;Long, Nascarella, and Valberg 2013)。因此，声称使用工业生产的炭黑进行的毒理学研究在任何方面都反映了烹饪油烟的潜在毒性，这是一种误导。
{"title":"Carbon black is not black carbon","authors":"I. Chaudhuri, Yufanyi Ngiewih, R. McCunney, L. Levy","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2021.1936524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2021.1936524","url":null,"abstract":"We were most interested to read the recent article entitled ‘Carbon black-benzo(a)pyrene complex-induced apoptosis and autophagy blockage in rat alveolar macrophages’ (Meng et al. 2020). We would like to point out an important error in the article, in which the authors incorrectly state that carbon black is present in fumes formed by cooking foods and the burning of biomass and fossil fuels. The authors lead their abstract with the following incorrect statement: ‘Cooking of foods and the burning of biomass and fossil fuels in stoves are the main sources of cooking fumes, with carbon black and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as main components.’ Contrary to the authors’ assertions, carbon black (CAS 1333-86-4) is not formed from cooking, but instead is a well-defined chemical substance that is intentionally manufactured on an industrial scale. It is formed by the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon feedstocks at high temperatures under strictly controlled process conditions. In the enclosed furnace black process of manufacturing carbon black (which is the major manufacturing process), preheated feedstock (typically decant oil from gasoline production), preheated air, and gas enter a closed reactor in which partial combustion at 1400–1800 C takes place. The carbon-rich product is quenched with water and passed through heat exchangers that preheat the combustion air. Altering the reactor temperatures and/or residence times produces the different grades of carbon black (Wang et al. 2003; McCunney et al. 2012). In our view, Meng et al. (2020) are mistaking carbon black with black carbon – also referred to as soot – which by definition, is an undesired carbonaceous byproduct of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. Anthropogenic sources of black carbon or soot include residential combustion sources, such as oil furnaces, fireplaces, and woodstoves in developed countries, and simple cookstoves and open fires in developing countries. While carbon black consists almost exclusively of pure elemental carbon (>97%), black carbon or soot is a heterogeneous material consisting of less than 60% elemental carbon, a large portion of inorganic impurities (ash and metals) and a range of organic carbon species (Watson and Valberg 2001; Long, Nascarella, and Valberg 2013). Therefore, it is misleading to state that the toxicology studies conducted using industrially-produced carbon black are in any way reflective of the potential toxicity of cooking fumes.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"8 1","pages":"236 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88374565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-07DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2021.1917576
P. Manga Veni, P. Kilaru
Abstract Curcumin analogs are synthesized with solid support under the concept of green chemistry, i.e. in the absence of organic solvents or hazardous chemicals using silica-sulfuric acid under solvent free conditions. Their structures are established through infrared, NMR, and mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized curcumin analogs are evaluated against three human pathogenic Gram negative bacteria, taking ciprofloxacin as standard compound. Most compounds exhibit some antibacterial activity, with an efficacy depending upon nature and position of the phenyl substituents. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Green synthesis of 1,7-bis(substituted phenyl)1,6-heptadiene-3,5-diones and their inhibition of human pathogenic bacteria","authors":"P. Manga Veni, P. Kilaru","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2021.1917576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2021.1917576","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Curcumin analogs are synthesized with solid support under the concept of green chemistry, i.e. in the absence of organic solvents or hazardous chemicals using silica-sulfuric acid under solvent free conditions. Their structures are established through infrared, NMR, and mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized curcumin analogs are evaluated against three human pathogenic Gram negative bacteria, taking ciprofloxacin as standard compound. Most compounds exhibit some antibacterial activity, with an efficacy depending upon nature and position of the phenyl substituents. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"15 1","pages":"129 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78726314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-07DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2021.1931214
S. Rani, Alok Garg, Neetu Singh
Abstract TiO2-SiO2 mixed oxides in ratios between 20:80 and 80:20 have been prepared using a sol-gel method. To make full use of catalysis, optimization conditions such as SiO2 content, solution pH, and catalyst loading were investigated. The photocatalysts were characterized spectroscopically as nanoparticles of small crystallite size. Their efficiency for UV-A light induced photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin and ofloxacin was evaluated, with 80% TiO2-20% SiO2 being the most active, resulting in complete mineralization and non-toxicity. The catalyst shows some recyclability up to the seventh cycle.
{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of amoxicillin and ofloxacin using TiO2-SiO2 composites","authors":"S. Rani, Alok Garg, Neetu Singh","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2021.1931214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2021.1931214","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract TiO2-SiO2 mixed oxides in ratios between 20:80 and 80:20 have been prepared using a sol-gel method. To make full use of catalysis, optimization conditions such as SiO2 content, solution pH, and catalyst loading were investigated. The photocatalysts were characterized spectroscopically as nanoparticles of small crystallite size. Their efficiency for UV-A light induced photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin and ofloxacin was evaluated, with 80% TiO2-20% SiO2 being the most active, resulting in complete mineralization and non-toxicity. The catalyst shows some recyclability up to the seventh cycle.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":"137 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83079967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-07DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2021.1945603
Nesrin İçli, Z. Kayaalti, T. Söylemezoğlu
Abstract Coke-oven workers are occupationally exposed to high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, 1-hydroxypyrene, 9-hydroxyphenantrene, and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene levels were determined in the urine of occupationally exposed coke-oven worker as markers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The validated high-pressure liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection was performed for metabolite analysis. Average values of 1-hydroxypyrene were 1.26 µmol/mol creatinine and of 9-hydroxyphenantrene 3.68 µmol/mol creatinine in the workers group, and 0.04 and 0.06 µmol/mol creatinine in the control group. While the average value of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene was 0.007 µmol/mol creatinine in the workers group, it was below the limit of detection in the control group. All of the mean 1-hydroxypyrene values (coke-oven workers overall mean = 1.26 μmol/mol creatinine; high exposure group mean = 1.91 μmol/mol creatinine; low exposure group mean = 0.66 μmol/mol creatinine) obtained in the workers group were higher than the biological exposure index (0.5 μmol/mol creatinine) that warrants occupational exposure proposed by American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene mean levels of all coke-oven workers and the high exposure group exceeded the no observed genotoxic effect level of 1 μmol/mol creatinine.
{"title":"Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in urine of coke oven workers in Turkey and exposure assessment","authors":"Nesrin İçli, Z. Kayaalti, T. Söylemezoğlu","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2021.1945603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2021.1945603","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Coke-oven workers are occupationally exposed to high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, 1-hydroxypyrene, 9-hydroxyphenantrene, and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene levels were determined in the urine of occupationally exposed coke-oven worker as markers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The validated high-pressure liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection was performed for metabolite analysis. Average values of 1-hydroxypyrene were 1.26 µmol/mol creatinine and of 9-hydroxyphenantrene 3.68 µmol/mol creatinine in the workers group, and 0.04 and 0.06 µmol/mol creatinine in the control group. While the average value of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene was 0.007 µmol/mol creatinine in the workers group, it was below the limit of detection in the control group. All of the mean 1-hydroxypyrene values (coke-oven workers overall mean = 1.26 μmol/mol creatinine; high exposure group mean = 1.91 μmol/mol creatinine; low exposure group mean = 0.66 μmol/mol creatinine) obtained in the workers group were higher than the biological exposure index (0.5 μmol/mol creatinine) that warrants occupational exposure proposed by American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene mean levels of all coke-oven workers and the high exposure group exceeded the no observed genotoxic effect level of 1 μmol/mol creatinine.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"7 1","pages":"219 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73209023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-07DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2021.1951732
M. Florea, V. Drumea, R. Nita, L. Olariu, Tartareanu Georgiana Oana, C. Gîrd
Abstract The study aimed to determine copper, chromium, cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc and manganese in four species of medicinal plants, widely used in phytotherapy, as well as to evaluate their transfer rate in aqueous preparations such as infusion, decoction and cold maceration. The medicinal plants were purchased randomly from local producers, near the city of Otopeni and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results show that, at least one metal exceeds the maximum allowed level (Cd-0.08 mg/kg and Cu-12.9 mg/kg in rosemary, Cr-3.1 mg/kg in thyme and Pb-3.6 mg/kg in basil), the transfer rate of them, being variable in aqueous extractive solutions. The highest transfer rate of metals was observed in the case of cold maceration, the order of recovery being Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd > Pb. Quality food control is strictly necessary, so that, by implementing stricter legislation/monitoring programs at national level, can reduce the risk of contamination with toxins that can affect the integrity of human health.
摘要本研究旨在测定四种药用植物中铜、铬、镉、镍、铅、锌和锰的含量，并评价其在输液、汤剂和冷浸等水制剂中的转移速率。这些药用植物是从Otopeni市附近的当地生产商随机购买的，并使用原子吸收光谱法进行了分析。结果表明，至少有一种金属超过最大允许量(迷迭香中Cd-0.08 mg/kg、Cu-12.9 mg/kg、百里香中Cr-3.1 mg/kg、罗勒中Pb-3.6 mg/kg)，且在萃取水溶液中的转移速率不同。冷浸条件下金属的转移速率最高，回收顺序为Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd > Pb。食品质量控制是绝对必要的，因此，通过在国家一级实施更严格的立法/监测方案，可以减少毒素污染的风险，从而影响人类健康的完整性。
{"title":"Transfer of some metals from medicinal plant used in phytotherapy, in different teas preparations","authors":"M. Florea, V. Drumea, R. Nita, L. Olariu, Tartareanu Georgiana Oana, C. Gîrd","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2021.1951732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2021.1951732","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study aimed to determine copper, chromium, cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc and manganese in four species of medicinal plants, widely used in phytotherapy, as well as to evaluate their transfer rate in aqueous preparations such as infusion, decoction and cold maceration. The medicinal plants were purchased randomly from local producers, near the city of Otopeni and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results show that, at least one metal exceeds the maximum allowed level (Cd-0.08 mg/kg and Cu-12.9 mg/kg in rosemary, Cr-3.1 mg/kg in thyme and Pb-3.6 mg/kg in basil), the transfer rate of them, being variable in aqueous extractive solutions. The highest transfer rate of metals was observed in the case of cold maceration, the order of recovery being Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd > Pb. Quality food control is strictly necessary, so that, by implementing stricter legislation/monitoring programs at national level, can reduce the risk of contamination with toxins that can affect the integrity of human health.","PeriodicalId":23210,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"42 1","pages":"154 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76482166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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