S. Muramatsu, Mayumi Tamada, Yoshinao Harada, M. Raimura, Seungwon Kwon
Although various new drugs have been developed for neurological diseases, many diseases have no effective treatment or only inadequate efficacy. Here we introduce some examples of effective Kampo treatment.
{"title":"Recent applications of Kampo treatment for neurological diseases","authors":"S. Muramatsu, Mayumi Tamada, Yoshinao Harada, M. Raimura, Seungwon Kwon","doi":"10.1002/tkm2.1356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tkm2.1356","url":null,"abstract":"Although various new drugs have been developed for neurological diseases, many diseases have no effective treatment or only inadequate efficacy. Here we introduce some examples of effective Kampo treatment.","PeriodicalId":23213,"journal":{"name":"Traditional & Kampo Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75628187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern medicine's technological advancements recognize the contributions of traditional and complementary medicine. Combining Kampo medicine, antihypertensive agents, and lifestyle changes can be an effective, holistic treatment approach for patients with hypertension, frequently accompanied by impaired mental health and quality of life. This case concerns a patient with hypertension who demonstrated poor lifestyle habits, mental stress, and intolerance to antihypertensive agents. The patient was treated with yokukansankachimpihange therapy fortified with bisoprolol and lifestyle changes including dietary modifications, sleep hygiene, and exercise (including street dance).
{"title":"Yokukansankachimpihange therapy fortified with bisoprolol and lifestyle changes in a patient intolerant to antihypertensive agents","authors":"D. Katayose","doi":"10.1002/tkm2.1354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tkm2.1354","url":null,"abstract":"Modern medicine's technological advancements recognize the contributions of traditional and complementary medicine. Combining Kampo medicine, antihypertensive agents, and lifestyle changes can be an effective, holistic treatment approach for patients with hypertension, frequently accompanied by impaired mental health and quality of life. This case concerns a patient with hypertension who demonstrated poor lifestyle habits, mental stress, and intolerance to antihypertensive agents. The patient was treated with yokukansankachimpihange therapy fortified with bisoprolol and lifestyle changes including dietary modifications, sleep hygiene, and exercise (including street dance).","PeriodicalId":23213,"journal":{"name":"Traditional & Kampo Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78802147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To the Editor The integration of Western and Kampo medicine is a characteristic and massive advantage of medical care in Japan. Kampo medicine complements the parts which Western medicine cannot deal with and sometimes contributes to the primary treatment. More than 90% of Japanese clinicians prescribe Kampomedicines daily, including for respiratory diseases. Kampo medicine treats not only symptoms such as cough or sputum but also the disease itself. Furthermore, Kampo medicines called “hozai” support the patients with the disease themselves by immunomodulating effects or improving frailty. Western and Kampo medicine are in a different position from a treatment perspective. In this session, the unique remedy perspective for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease that Kampo treatment has, is introduced. Recently the basic science regarding the mechanisms of Kampo medicines has progressed, and the mechanical approach for seihaito is briefly described with original data. Through these topics, we will discuss the efficacy of Kampo medicine for respiratory diseases. The first presentation is “Stillness and Movement are Beautifully Harmonized in Japanese Kampo Medicine.” Japanese Kampo medicine complementarily fills in gaps of Western medicine based on coexisting with the latter. Understanding of Japanese Kampo medicine from both a Western and Kampo medical perspective is therefore required. What is the basis of medical care? The answer is how to capture the signals emitted by the living body. In Western medicine, diagnosis naming the disease is required for medical therapy to acquire a medical insurance reimbursement. In contrast, in Japanese Kampo medicine a pathophysiological diagnosis is required for Kampo therapy. Western medicine is the science of disease, while Japanese Kampo medicine is the science of indication. In other words, Western medicine is searching to find a drug that works, while Japanese Kampo medicine is pursuing how to make medicine work. Japanese Kampo medicine originally comes from classic Chinese medicine. This framework was introduced to Japan around the 5th–6th centuries, and since then, based on the heritage of past experience, and by repeating verification again and again and making progress in the search of new developments, Japanese Kampo medicine has continued to develop. Japanese Kampo medicine has become established by combining a perspective of modern Western medicine and looking for what appropriate therapy is in accordance with the Kampo medical syndromes [1, 2]. Japanese Kampo medicine is a harmonious medical practice. The second presentation is “Clinical Application and Consideration of Ninjin’yoeito for Frailty of COPD Patients.” From a clinical perspective, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by gradual chronic cough, phlegm, and/or dyspnea on exertion, often combined with malnutrition and reductions in muscle mass. COPD pr
{"title":"Efficacy of Kampo medicine in respiratory diseases “1st International Symposium on Kampo Medicine”","authors":"K. Tatsumi, H. Sagara, Tomoko Suzuki, T. Sekiya","doi":"10.1002/tkm2.1341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tkm2.1341","url":null,"abstract":"To the Editor The integration of Western and Kampo medicine is a characteristic and massive advantage of medical care in Japan. Kampo medicine complements the parts which Western medicine cannot deal with and sometimes contributes to the primary treatment. More than 90% of Japanese clinicians prescribe Kampomedicines daily, including for respiratory diseases. Kampo medicine treats not only symptoms such as cough or sputum but also the disease itself. Furthermore, Kampo medicines called “hozai” support the patients with the disease themselves by immunomodulating effects or improving frailty. Western and Kampo medicine are in a different position from a treatment perspective. In this session, the unique remedy perspective for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease that Kampo treatment has, is introduced. Recently the basic science regarding the mechanisms of Kampo medicines has progressed, and the mechanical approach for seihaito is briefly described with original data. Through these topics, we will discuss the efficacy of Kampo medicine for respiratory diseases. The first presentation is “Stillness and Movement are Beautifully Harmonized in Japanese Kampo Medicine.” Japanese Kampo medicine complementarily fills in gaps of Western medicine based on coexisting with the latter. Understanding of Japanese Kampo medicine from both a Western and Kampo medical perspective is therefore required. What is the basis of medical care? The answer is how to capture the signals emitted by the living body. In Western medicine, diagnosis naming the disease is required for medical therapy to acquire a medical insurance reimbursement. In contrast, in Japanese Kampo medicine a pathophysiological diagnosis is required for Kampo therapy. Western medicine is the science of disease, while Japanese Kampo medicine is the science of indication. In other words, Western medicine is searching to find a drug that works, while Japanese Kampo medicine is pursuing how to make medicine work. Japanese Kampo medicine originally comes from classic Chinese medicine. This framework was introduced to Japan around the 5th–6th centuries, and since then, based on the heritage of past experience, and by repeating verification again and again and making progress in the search of new developments, Japanese Kampo medicine has continued to develop. Japanese Kampo medicine has become established by combining a perspective of modern Western medicine and looking for what appropriate therapy is in accordance with the Kampo medical syndromes [1, 2]. Japanese Kampo medicine is a harmonious medical practice. The second presentation is “Clinical Application and Consideration of Ninjin’yoeito for Frailty of COPD Patients.” From a clinical perspective, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by gradual chronic cough, phlegm, and/or dyspnea on exertion, often combined with malnutrition and reductions in muscle mass. COPD pr","PeriodicalId":23213,"journal":{"name":"Traditional & Kampo Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74965835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Arai, Hiroshi Takeda, Hidekazu Suzuki, Jae-Woo Park, T. Oikawa
To the editor, The title of this gastrointestinal session is “Kampo treatment for functional dyspepsia: Focusing on rikkunshito,” and the discussion will focus on rikkunshito. Rikkunshito is very famous as a Kampo formula that improves gastrointestinal dysfunction. In Japan, not only Kampo doctors but also doctors who practice western medicine frequently use it in daily clinical practice. Rikkunshito is one of the Kampo formulas with the most fully elucidated mechanism of action, and research on rikkunshito related to the appetite-promoting hormone ghrelin is actively discussed at international conferences every year. Furthermore, in clinical practice, rikkunshito is not just an alternative medicine drug, but the subject of an international consensus clinical guideline for the upcoming revision of the Rome criteria dealing with the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). In this way, rikkunshito has become remarkably popular internationally in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of this symposium is to give practitioners and researchers an updated understanding of rikkunshito and to suggest the best treatment for functional dyspepsia (FD). In this symposium, the current and future state of Kampo treatment of FD centered on rikkunshito will be explained and discussed from four points of view: clinical, basic, international, and evidencebased medicine from global authorities in each field. The first presentation is “Treatment strategies for functional dyspepsia in Kampo medicine.” In Kampo treatment for FD, it is important to find out if there is epigastric pain, as in western medicine. For postprandial distress syndrome without epigastric pain, rikkunshito and hangeshashinto are the main formulas clinically. Novices may first use rikkunshito according to the disease name. Secondly, if you have some knowledge about Kampo medicine, differentiating between excess and deficiency patterns in patients increases treatment efficiency. However, when the patient’s constitution is medium and the judgment is difficult, the chief complaints should be noted as the basis for selection of the prescription. Rikkunshito should be chosen for the chief complaint of loss of appetite, and hangeshashinto for that of epigastric discomfort. Furthermore, it may be better to consider the patient’s age. In general, rikkunshito is often adopted for treatment in the elderly because they tend to present the deficiency pattern. As other clinical differential formulas, hangekobokuto is frequently used for stress-induced FD accompanied by obstructive discomfort in the throat and chest, and anxiety and depression. The prescription used for the treatment of epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) differs depending on whether the pain is spastic or non-spastic. Saikokeishito is the first-line drug for treating EPS with spastic pain, while anchusan is prescribed for EPS with non-spastic pain. The second presentation is “Current knowledge about the pharmacological and molec
{"title":"Kampo treatment for functional dyspepsia: focusing on rikkunshito “1st International Symposium on Kampo Medicine”","authors":"M. Arai, Hiroshi Takeda, Hidekazu Suzuki, Jae-Woo Park, T. Oikawa","doi":"10.1002/tkm2.1344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tkm2.1344","url":null,"abstract":"To the editor, The title of this gastrointestinal session is “Kampo treatment for functional dyspepsia: Focusing on rikkunshito,” and the discussion will focus on rikkunshito. Rikkunshito is very famous as a Kampo formula that improves gastrointestinal dysfunction. In Japan, not only Kampo doctors but also doctors who practice western medicine frequently use it in daily clinical practice. Rikkunshito is one of the Kampo formulas with the most fully elucidated mechanism of action, and research on rikkunshito related to the appetite-promoting hormone ghrelin is actively discussed at international conferences every year. Furthermore, in clinical practice, rikkunshito is not just an alternative medicine drug, but the subject of an international consensus clinical guideline for the upcoming revision of the Rome criteria dealing with the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). In this way, rikkunshito has become remarkably popular internationally in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of this symposium is to give practitioners and researchers an updated understanding of rikkunshito and to suggest the best treatment for functional dyspepsia (FD). In this symposium, the current and future state of Kampo treatment of FD centered on rikkunshito will be explained and discussed from four points of view: clinical, basic, international, and evidencebased medicine from global authorities in each field. The first presentation is “Treatment strategies for functional dyspepsia in Kampo medicine.” In Kampo treatment for FD, it is important to find out if there is epigastric pain, as in western medicine. For postprandial distress syndrome without epigastric pain, rikkunshito and hangeshashinto are the main formulas clinically. Novices may first use rikkunshito according to the disease name. Secondly, if you have some knowledge about Kampo medicine, differentiating between excess and deficiency patterns in patients increases treatment efficiency. However, when the patient’s constitution is medium and the judgment is difficult, the chief complaints should be noted as the basis for selection of the prescription. Rikkunshito should be chosen for the chief complaint of loss of appetite, and hangeshashinto for that of epigastric discomfort. Furthermore, it may be better to consider the patient’s age. In general, rikkunshito is often adopted for treatment in the elderly because they tend to present the deficiency pattern. As other clinical differential formulas, hangekobokuto is frequently used for stress-induced FD accompanied by obstructive discomfort in the throat and chest, and anxiety and depression. The prescription used for the treatment of epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) differs depending on whether the pain is spastic or non-spastic. Saikokeishito is the first-line drug for treating EPS with spastic pain, while anchusan is prescribed for EPS with non-spastic pain. The second presentation is “Current knowledge about the pharmacological and molec","PeriodicalId":23213,"journal":{"name":"Traditional & Kampo Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75555896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To The Editor In the history of Kampo medicine, the characteristics of medicine during the Edo period that had a strong influence on modern Kampo medicine are analyzed, and the purpose is to capture international exchanges of Kampo medicine. The first presentation describes the medicine of Dosan Manase in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, who established a foundation for the Gosei school in the Edo period. Presentations 2 and 3 we show how the back-to-the ancient thought and the evidential scholarship influenced by China developed into the Japanese style among the Koho and Koshogaku schools. Presentation 4 analyses how acupuncture and moxibustion were introduced to early modern Europe focusing on the transmission of medical images related to the acupuncture channels theory. The first presentation is “Medicine of Dosan Manase: The Founder of Gosei School”. Dosan Manase was a representative physician of the Azuchi-Momoyama period. He was born in Kyoto and grew up as a monk. Early in his career, he went to study at the Ashikaga school. When he was enrolled at this school, he became a disciple of Sanki Tashiro, a court physician of Koga-Kubo. Under Sanki, Dosan became acquainted with the latest medical literature and acquired his clinical skills, especially Satsusho-benchi as the system to examine the patient’s condition and determine the treatment accordingly without using fixed prescriptions. Because it does not refer to existing prescriptions, the medical practice system of Satsusho-benchi needs an organized theory of medicinal efficacy. Dosan had taken over Satsusho-benchi and medical theory from Sanki. The characteristics of Sanki’s practice differed from Chinese medicine by being accompanied by Buddhist thought. After Sanki’s death, Dosan returned to Kyoto and studied more medical literature. Dosan referred to his own medicine as Li Dongyuan and Zhu Danxi medical school. He wrote many medical books such as Keiteki-shu and instructed many pupils in his private school, which was called Keiteki-an, but neither included Buddhism as an element of medicine. In the Edo period, Manase’s school became the mainstream of the Gosei school. The second presentation is “Knowledge Transfer and Innovations in Primordialist Thought: New Reflections on the Koho School in the Edo Period”. In the middle of the Edo period, the Koho school rose to prominence under the influence of transferred medical knowledge from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and criticized the medicine of the Gosei school which flourished in the Early Edo period. The Koho school advocated the revival of the primordial medical sources, including the Shang Han Lun (Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease), and criticized the “warming and tonifying method” as well as the theory of “yin/ yang and five elements” of the Gosei school. However, close investigation of the Koho works by the four eminent physicians Konzan Goto, Shuan Kagawa, Toyo Yamawaki, and Todo Yoshimasu reveals that the socalled “retrogression”
{"title":"History of Kampo medicine “1st International Symposium on Kampo Medicine”","authors":"Tatsuhiko Suzuki, Xiang Jingjing, Cheng Gaoya, Mathias Vigouroux","doi":"10.1002/tkm2.1345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tkm2.1345","url":null,"abstract":"To The Editor In the history of Kampo medicine, the characteristics of medicine during the Edo period that had a strong influence on modern Kampo medicine are analyzed, and the purpose is to capture international exchanges of Kampo medicine. The first presentation describes the medicine of Dosan Manase in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, who established a foundation for the Gosei school in the Edo period. Presentations 2 and 3 we show how the back-to-the ancient thought and the evidential scholarship influenced by China developed into the Japanese style among the Koho and Koshogaku schools. Presentation 4 analyses how acupuncture and moxibustion were introduced to early modern Europe focusing on the transmission of medical images related to the acupuncture channels theory. The first presentation is “Medicine of Dosan Manase: The Founder of Gosei School”. Dosan Manase was a representative physician of the Azuchi-Momoyama period. He was born in Kyoto and grew up as a monk. Early in his career, he went to study at the Ashikaga school. When he was enrolled at this school, he became a disciple of Sanki Tashiro, a court physician of Koga-Kubo. Under Sanki, Dosan became acquainted with the latest medical literature and acquired his clinical skills, especially Satsusho-benchi as the system to examine the patient’s condition and determine the treatment accordingly without using fixed prescriptions. Because it does not refer to existing prescriptions, the medical practice system of Satsusho-benchi needs an organized theory of medicinal efficacy. Dosan had taken over Satsusho-benchi and medical theory from Sanki. The characteristics of Sanki’s practice differed from Chinese medicine by being accompanied by Buddhist thought. After Sanki’s death, Dosan returned to Kyoto and studied more medical literature. Dosan referred to his own medicine as Li Dongyuan and Zhu Danxi medical school. He wrote many medical books such as Keiteki-shu and instructed many pupils in his private school, which was called Keiteki-an, but neither included Buddhism as an element of medicine. In the Edo period, Manase’s school became the mainstream of the Gosei school. The second presentation is “Knowledge Transfer and Innovations in Primordialist Thought: New Reflections on the Koho School in the Edo Period”. In the middle of the Edo period, the Koho school rose to prominence under the influence of transferred medical knowledge from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and criticized the medicine of the Gosei school which flourished in the Early Edo period. The Koho school advocated the revival of the primordial medical sources, including the Shang Han Lun (Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease), and criticized the “warming and tonifying method” as well as the theory of “yin/ yang and five elements” of the Gosei school. However, close investigation of the Koho works by the four eminent physicians Konzan Goto, Shuan Kagawa, Toyo Yamawaki, and Todo Yoshimasu reveals that the socalled “retrogression” ","PeriodicalId":23213,"journal":{"name":"Traditional & Kampo Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88786724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear Editor The number of coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19) cases in Japan has reached 21 million and is rising; the COVID-19 epidemic is continuing with exacerbations and remissions. The surge in COVID-19 cases will put a strain on hospitals across the country; we estimate that approximately 0.5% of all infections may occur during pregnancy. All infection during late pregnancy increases the probability of preterm delivery and may cause severe illness [1]. Oral drugs, like molnupiravir, cannot be prescribed because of their teratogenic potential [2], and drugs reducing the disease severity in pregnant women are limited. Kampo medicines are effective, relatively inexpensive, and safe for incident viral infections, but only a few cases of Kampo medicines used to treat pregnant women have been reported [3]. We experienced a case of COVID-19 with persistent symptoms, including cough in a pregnant woman. A primiparous woman developed COVID-19 at 30 weeks and one day of gestation and opted for home care. Her, cohabiting husband and two-year-old son had COVID-19 ten and six days respectively before her illness set in. Because of persistent cough and phlegm that disturbed her sleep at night, she made a request for a telephone consultation from our clinic through the Akita City Public Health Center. We prescribed shoseiryuto (SST) (a Tsumura medical extract), 7.5 g/d for fivevdays. After treatment, her cough and sputum were alleviated almost fully (Table 1), and management of her remaining condition was transferred to the hospital at which she was scheduled for delivery. We referred to the manuals of acute contagious diseases, Shanghanlun [4] and Jin Gui Yao Lue [5], written in China in the third century, to select the best Kampo medicine for our patient. SST is used in the early yang stage of the medium pattern to treat wheezing, cough, dyspnea, and nasal symptoms. Jin Gui Yao Lue [5] mentions “Cough rises up and you cannot lie on your back to breathe.” In that case, the patient could not lie down owing to persistent coughing, and the doctor suggested SST treatment. This is congruent with the present case of “persistent cough and phlegm during the night and inability to sleep.” Moreover, the Shanghanlun [4] mentions, “In case of cold damage (acute contagious diseases such as COVID-19 in the present case), and if the exterior has not healed, there is water qi below the heart, dry retching, heat effusion and cough, possibly thirst or diarrhea or dysphagia, inhibited urination and lesser abdominal fullness, or panting, then use SST.” We believed this can be applied to the present case owing to “the symptoms of fever, cough, phlegm, and runny nose that persisted even on the fifth day after disease onset, and the distended stomach.” Based on these manuals — Shanghanlun and Jin Gui Yao Lue — the patient was prescribed SST. The patient experienced no adverse events including side effects. However, additional studies on pregnant women treated with SST are neces
{"title":"A case of coronavirus disease 2019 in a pregnant woman successfully treated with shoseiryuto: A telephone consultation","authors":"Hidenori Tanaka, H. Miura, Y. Terada, H. Nakae","doi":"10.1002/tkm2.1350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tkm2.1350","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor The number of coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19) cases in Japan has reached 21 million and is rising; the COVID-19 epidemic is continuing with exacerbations and remissions. The surge in COVID-19 cases will put a strain on hospitals across the country; we estimate that approximately 0.5% of all infections may occur during pregnancy. All infection during late pregnancy increases the probability of preterm delivery and may cause severe illness [1]. Oral drugs, like molnupiravir, cannot be prescribed because of their teratogenic potential [2], and drugs reducing the disease severity in pregnant women are limited. Kampo medicines are effective, relatively inexpensive, and safe for incident viral infections, but only a few cases of Kampo medicines used to treat pregnant women have been reported [3]. We experienced a case of COVID-19 with persistent symptoms, including cough in a pregnant woman. A primiparous woman developed COVID-19 at 30 weeks and one day of gestation and opted for home care. Her, cohabiting husband and two-year-old son had COVID-19 ten and six days respectively before her illness set in. Because of persistent cough and phlegm that disturbed her sleep at night, she made a request for a telephone consultation from our clinic through the Akita City Public Health Center. We prescribed shoseiryuto (SST) (a Tsumura medical extract), 7.5 g/d for fivevdays. After treatment, her cough and sputum were alleviated almost fully (Table 1), and management of her remaining condition was transferred to the hospital at which she was scheduled for delivery. We referred to the manuals of acute contagious diseases, Shanghanlun [4] and Jin Gui Yao Lue [5], written in China in the third century, to select the best Kampo medicine for our patient. SST is used in the early yang stage of the medium pattern to treat wheezing, cough, dyspnea, and nasal symptoms. Jin Gui Yao Lue [5] mentions “Cough rises up and you cannot lie on your back to breathe.” In that case, the patient could not lie down owing to persistent coughing, and the doctor suggested SST treatment. This is congruent with the present case of “persistent cough and phlegm during the night and inability to sleep.” Moreover, the Shanghanlun [4] mentions, “In case of cold damage (acute contagious diseases such as COVID-19 in the present case), and if the exterior has not healed, there is water qi below the heart, dry retching, heat effusion and cough, possibly thirst or diarrhea or dysphagia, inhibited urination and lesser abdominal fullness, or panting, then use SST.” We believed this can be applied to the present case owing to “the symptoms of fever, cough, phlegm, and runny nose that persisted even on the fifth day after disease onset, and the distended stomach.” Based on these manuals — Shanghanlun and Jin Gui Yao Lue — the patient was prescribed SST. The patient experienced no adverse events including side effects. However, additional studies on pregnant women treated with SST are neces","PeriodicalId":23213,"journal":{"name":"Traditional & Kampo Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89705473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Ishigami, Hidenori Ito, Y. Nakada, Kazushi Uneda
To the editor, In the field of modern medicine, the requirements and necessity of evidence-based medicine (EBM) are increasingly demanded. Cardiovascular medicine in Japan is no exception. To answer various clinical questions, we need to perform carefully planned clinical trials at a huge expense of various medical resources. These trials are providing statistically validated medical procedures including medical devices and usage medicines for clinical guidelines. To the contrary, various procedures provided by Kampo Medicine are not sufficiently validated by EBM. Traditionally, orally described clinical chips, called “Kuketsu”, for individual subjects are used and applied to treat and cure the patients. Such individual approaches are the strength and characteristics of Kampo treatments in modern medicine, including in cardiology. In the current symposium, we are going to share our experiences of the effectiveness and utility of Kampo medicine in subjects with cardiovascular symptoms and discuss potential applications of Kampo medicine in geriatric cardiology. In the conclusions, we suggest that effective modernization of Kampo medicine in cardiology will be promising to create future integrated medicine with sophisticated combinations of both Kampo and western medicine. The first presentation is “Nutritional Solution Aided by Kampo Medicine in Cardiology.” Currently, malnutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia are becoming major clinical concerns for elderly patients in Japan. In cardiology, these ultimately result in a severe, life-threatening condition, “cardiac cachexia,” which is poorly understood and has no effective medical solutions. Not only physically unhealthy conditions, but also psycho-sociological insufficiencies are causing these health problems that are characteristic for the elderly. Both medical and nursing burdens are growing and ruin social, medical, and individual resources which in Japan are called “Year 2025 Problems,” inducing the medical reconstruction of the community. In this symposium, we are going to propose solutions for geriatric cardiology aided by Kampo medicine in Japan. These might include rehabilitation and multidisciplinary collaboration, both aided by Kampo medicine. In Kampo medicine senescence is seen as the gradual processes of imperceptibly losing vitality, which is called congenital “Qi” in ICD-11, accompanied by impairment of digestive function, which is called “Hi-I-kyo” and is a major source of acquired “Qi” in humans [1]. In Kampo medicine, we have various solutions for treating these conditions such as rikkunshito, hochyuekkito, ninjinyoeito, and so on [2]. These solutions should be beneficial in cardiac malnutrition and might be used in modern medical procedures to settle unresolved conditions such as malnutrition, frailty, sarcopenia and ultimately cardiac cachexia aided by Kampo medicine. The second presentation is “Practice in Cardiology by Kampo Medicine in Japan.” According to the Japanese Society o
{"title":"Kampo medicine in modern cardiology “1st International Symposium on Kampo Medicine”","authors":"T. Ishigami, Hidenori Ito, Y. Nakada, Kazushi Uneda","doi":"10.1002/tkm2.1347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tkm2.1347","url":null,"abstract":"To the editor, In the field of modern medicine, the requirements and necessity of evidence-based medicine (EBM) are increasingly demanded. Cardiovascular medicine in Japan is no exception. To answer various clinical questions, we need to perform carefully planned clinical trials at a huge expense of various medical resources. These trials are providing statistically validated medical procedures including medical devices and usage medicines for clinical guidelines. To the contrary, various procedures provided by Kampo Medicine are not sufficiently validated by EBM. Traditionally, orally described clinical chips, called “Kuketsu”, for individual subjects are used and applied to treat and cure the patients. Such individual approaches are the strength and characteristics of Kampo treatments in modern medicine, including in cardiology. In the current symposium, we are going to share our experiences of the effectiveness and utility of Kampo medicine in subjects with cardiovascular symptoms and discuss potential applications of Kampo medicine in geriatric cardiology. In the conclusions, we suggest that effective modernization of Kampo medicine in cardiology will be promising to create future integrated medicine with sophisticated combinations of both Kampo and western medicine. The first presentation is “Nutritional Solution Aided by Kampo Medicine in Cardiology.” Currently, malnutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia are becoming major clinical concerns for elderly patients in Japan. In cardiology, these ultimately result in a severe, life-threatening condition, “cardiac cachexia,” which is poorly understood and has no effective medical solutions. Not only physically unhealthy conditions, but also psycho-sociological insufficiencies are causing these health problems that are characteristic for the elderly. Both medical and nursing burdens are growing and ruin social, medical, and individual resources which in Japan are called “Year 2025 Problems,” inducing the medical reconstruction of the community. In this symposium, we are going to propose solutions for geriatric cardiology aided by Kampo medicine in Japan. These might include rehabilitation and multidisciplinary collaboration, both aided by Kampo medicine. In Kampo medicine senescence is seen as the gradual processes of imperceptibly losing vitality, which is called congenital “Qi” in ICD-11, accompanied by impairment of digestive function, which is called “Hi-I-kyo” and is a major source of acquired “Qi” in humans [1]. In Kampo medicine, we have various solutions for treating these conditions such as rikkunshito, hochyuekkito, ninjinyoeito, and so on [2]. These solutions should be beneficial in cardiac malnutrition and might be used in modern medical procedures to settle unresolved conditions such as malnutrition, frailty, sarcopenia and ultimately cardiac cachexia aided by Kampo medicine. The second presentation is “Practice in Cardiology by Kampo Medicine in Japan.” According to the Japanese Society o","PeriodicalId":23213,"journal":{"name":"Traditional & Kampo Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90189482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To the Editor There are many cases that only Kampo medicine can cure in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology. In the case of Kampo medicine, a prescription is chosen according to the psychological status and character of the patient. If an appropriate Kampo medicine is prescribed, it provides good psychological stability without reducing the activity level. These facts have been elucidated by the relation between the Kampo medical diagnosis and psychological test results. Heart failure carries a high risk in the field of obstetrics even if they were mild degree. The symptoms are signs of heart failure such as difficult breathing and a serious edema. Mokuboito has a remarkable effect on patients suffering from heart failure and pre-menstrual syndrome with asthma. Gestational edema and amniotic fluid decrease are the results of a maldistribution of water in the body. Kampo medicine optimizes the amount of body water, and also reallocates the water appropriately. Thus, Kampo medicine keeps the amniotic fluid volume at an appropriate level and improves the prognosis of the pregnancy. Regular diuretics influence the active transport of electrolytes across the cell membrane. Kampo medicine controls the number of floodgates (such as aquaporin) in the cell membrane. Thus, no electrolyte disorders occur. The mechanism by which Kampo medicine activates the water metabolism can be explained by the action of aquaporin. The first presentation is “The Relation between the Psychological Test and the Kampo Medical Diagnosis.” Brain changes as a result of stress can affect the autonomic, endocrine, and immune systems as well as have a significant impact on mental function and state of mind. Therefore, Kampo medicine diagnoses and treats stress conditions based on the concept of the unity of mind and body. The empirical expectation that it can improve mental symptoms concomitantly with physical symptoms is a characteristic of Kampo medicine. This presentation will focus on our study to clarify the psychological aspects of Kampo medical diagnoses using several questionnaires and the 16PF personality test in patients who had been successfully treated with three kinds of Kampo medicines (i.e., kamishoyosan, saikokaryukotuboreito and yokukansankachinpihange). In Kampo medical diagnosis, it is very important to collect as much information as possible about the physical aspects, such as physical complaints, pulse, tongue, and abdominal findings. However, our study using psychological tests suggests that in Kampo treatment of stress-related diseases, focusing on psychological rather than physical aspects may lead to more accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. It was also suggested that when capturing the psychological aspects of Kampo medical diagnosis, it is important to consider not only mental states such as anxiety and depression, but also personality traits. The second presentation is “Efficacy of Mokuboito in the Fields of Obstetrics and Gynecology.” Moku
{"title":"Only Kampo medicine can cure these symptoms in the field of obstetrics and gynecology “1st international symposium on Kampo medicine”","authors":"T. Kita, T. Sano, F. Makimoto, Y. Isohama","doi":"10.1002/tkm2.1338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tkm2.1338","url":null,"abstract":"To the Editor There are many cases that only Kampo medicine can cure in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology. In the case of Kampo medicine, a prescription is chosen according to the psychological status and character of the patient. If an appropriate Kampo medicine is prescribed, it provides good psychological stability without reducing the activity level. These facts have been elucidated by the relation between the Kampo medical diagnosis and psychological test results. Heart failure carries a high risk in the field of obstetrics even if they were mild degree. The symptoms are signs of heart failure such as difficult breathing and a serious edema. Mokuboito has a remarkable effect on patients suffering from heart failure and pre-menstrual syndrome with asthma. Gestational edema and amniotic fluid decrease are the results of a maldistribution of water in the body. Kampo medicine optimizes the amount of body water, and also reallocates the water appropriately. Thus, Kampo medicine keeps the amniotic fluid volume at an appropriate level and improves the prognosis of the pregnancy. Regular diuretics influence the active transport of electrolytes across the cell membrane. Kampo medicine controls the number of floodgates (such as aquaporin) in the cell membrane. Thus, no electrolyte disorders occur. The mechanism by which Kampo medicine activates the water metabolism can be explained by the action of aquaporin. The first presentation is “The Relation between the Psychological Test and the Kampo Medical Diagnosis.” Brain changes as a result of stress can affect the autonomic, endocrine, and immune systems as well as have a significant impact on mental function and state of mind. Therefore, Kampo medicine diagnoses and treats stress conditions based on the concept of the unity of mind and body. The empirical expectation that it can improve mental symptoms concomitantly with physical symptoms is a characteristic of Kampo medicine. This presentation will focus on our study to clarify the psychological aspects of Kampo medical diagnoses using several questionnaires and the 16PF personality test in patients who had been successfully treated with three kinds of Kampo medicines (i.e., kamishoyosan, saikokaryukotuboreito and yokukansankachinpihange). In Kampo medical diagnosis, it is very important to collect as much information as possible about the physical aspects, such as physical complaints, pulse, tongue, and abdominal findings. However, our study using psychological tests suggests that in Kampo treatment of stress-related diseases, focusing on psychological rather than physical aspects may lead to more accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. It was also suggested that when capturing the psychological aspects of Kampo medical diagnosis, it is important to consider not only mental states such as anxiety and depression, but also personality traits. The second presentation is “Efficacy of Mokuboito in the Fields of Obstetrics and Gynecology.” Moku","PeriodicalId":23213,"journal":{"name":"Traditional & Kampo Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74323791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masamitsu Nakajima, M. Fujimoto, H. Goto, Ming-Jen Chuang
To the editor The first presentation is ‘The features of Kampo medicine in modern medicine’. Kampo, traditional Japanese medicine, has unique features, such as an emphasis on abdominal examination for diagnosis. In Japan, the same physician can practice both modern Western medicine and traditional medicine. Furthermore, Kampo decoctions and extract preparations that have been developed over time are widely used in Japan. Kampo medicine is covered by Japanese health insurance in the same way as Western medicine, and most physicians practice a combination the two types of medicine. In addition, attempts are being made to document the traditional medical diagnostic system, disseminate evidence, and consider medical safety through research on adverse reactions such as herbal-medicine-induced pneumonitis. During undergraduate study, Kampo medical education is included in the core curriculum not only in medical school but also in pharmacy and nursing schools. After graduation from medical school, a system of medical specialization in Kampo medicine can be accessed through various standards and examinations. In acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, both acupuncturists, as independent professionals, and physicians work side by side. In this symposium, I would like to discuss the role of Kampo medicine in modern medicine. The second presentation is ‘Abdominal diagnosis as a hallmark of Kampo medicine in modern medicine’. In principle, the patient should be placed in supine position with the legs extended, as opposed to abdominal examination in Western medicine, which is performed with the knees bent. This is because, in abdominal examination in Western medicine, it is necessary to relax the abdominal wall to examine the intra-abdominal organs, whereas in Kampo medicine, the abdominal wall is examined to determine how the intra-abdominal organs are situated and physical abnormalities are manifested in the abdomen, on the basis of its tension, characteristics, and tenderness. This presentation will demonstrate the clinical significance of typical Kampo medicine abdominal diagnosis findings, such as abdominal strength, abdominal fullness, epigastric stuffiness and resistance, fullness and discomfort in the chest and hypochondrium, abdominal muscle tension, splashing sound in epigastric region, palpitation in the supraumbilical region, weakness of the lower abdominal region, and paraumbilical tenderness and resistance. The third presentation is ‘Kampo extracts frequently used in Japan and their clinical studies’. In Japan, the number of specialists in Kampo medicine is few, andmanyKampo extracts are prescribed by doctors who are not specialists in Kampo medicine. In many of these cases, doctors prescribe Kampo extracts not on the basis of Kampo diagnosis but on evidence reported by clinical studies. One of the tasks of the Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Committee of the Japan Society for Oriental Medicine is making evidence reports on randomized controlled tr
{"title":"Kampo medicine in modern medicine “1st International Symposium on Kampo Medicine”","authors":"Masamitsu Nakajima, M. Fujimoto, H. Goto, Ming-Jen Chuang","doi":"10.1002/tkm2.1346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tkm2.1346","url":null,"abstract":"To the editor The first presentation is ‘The features of Kampo medicine in modern medicine’. Kampo, traditional Japanese medicine, has unique features, such as an emphasis on abdominal examination for diagnosis. In Japan, the same physician can practice both modern Western medicine and traditional medicine. Furthermore, Kampo decoctions and extract preparations that have been developed over time are widely used in Japan. Kampo medicine is covered by Japanese health insurance in the same way as Western medicine, and most physicians practice a combination the two types of medicine. In addition, attempts are being made to document the traditional medical diagnostic system, disseminate evidence, and consider medical safety through research on adverse reactions such as herbal-medicine-induced pneumonitis. During undergraduate study, Kampo medical education is included in the core curriculum not only in medical school but also in pharmacy and nursing schools. After graduation from medical school, a system of medical specialization in Kampo medicine can be accessed through various standards and examinations. In acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, both acupuncturists, as independent professionals, and physicians work side by side. In this symposium, I would like to discuss the role of Kampo medicine in modern medicine. The second presentation is ‘Abdominal diagnosis as a hallmark of Kampo medicine in modern medicine’. In principle, the patient should be placed in supine position with the legs extended, as opposed to abdominal examination in Western medicine, which is performed with the knees bent. This is because, in abdominal examination in Western medicine, it is necessary to relax the abdominal wall to examine the intra-abdominal organs, whereas in Kampo medicine, the abdominal wall is examined to determine how the intra-abdominal organs are situated and physical abnormalities are manifested in the abdomen, on the basis of its tension, characteristics, and tenderness. This presentation will demonstrate the clinical significance of typical Kampo medicine abdominal diagnosis findings, such as abdominal strength, abdominal fullness, epigastric stuffiness and resistance, fullness and discomfort in the chest and hypochondrium, abdominal muscle tension, splashing sound in epigastric region, palpitation in the supraumbilical region, weakness of the lower abdominal region, and paraumbilical tenderness and resistance. The third presentation is ‘Kampo extracts frequently used in Japan and their clinical studies’. In Japan, the number of specialists in Kampo medicine is few, andmanyKampo extracts are prescribed by doctors who are not specialists in Kampo medicine. In many of these cases, doctors prescribe Kampo extracts not on the basis of Kampo diagnosis but on evidence reported by clinical studies. One of the tasks of the Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Committee of the Japan Society for Oriental Medicine is making evidence reports on randomized controlled tr","PeriodicalId":23213,"journal":{"name":"Traditional & Kampo Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78112922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Oikawa, Y. Yakazu, Kazuhiro Hirasawa, Y. Yamaguchi, Yoshimi Harada
To the editor, Functional abdominal bloating is a clinical entity which is characterized by intractable and uncomfortable abdominal fullness due to aerophagia with bowel gas retention. Recently, we experienced two cases of functional abdominal bloating with complaints of abdominal fullness or flatulence; the symptoms were successfully treated with the Kampo medicine hangekobokuto (HKT). Case 1 was a 73-years-old male whose complaint was abdominal fullness since 10 years. His abdominal fullness occurred around 10 a.m. every morning, sometimes accompanied with belching. Abdominal fullness is sometimes also accompanied by a need to defecate, and he passed normal stool mixed with a huge amount of bowel gas, which dispersed by flatulence. He had a past history of diabetes mellitus, angina and hypertension. On tongue diagnosis, he showed light-red tongue with slight white fur. His pulse diagnosis was deep and somewhat weak. His abdominal diagnosis showed slightly weak abdominal strength accompanied by lower abdominal weakness. After taking HKT ethical granule, his abdominal fullness almost disappeared the following day. After that, he was not disturbed any more by abdominal fullness and other gas symptoms. Case 2 was a 48-years-old male whose complaint was a frequent urgency to defecate since three months. His abdominal discomfort and rumbling of the intestine, and the frequent need to defecate, occurred from evening to nighttime. He usually passed bowel gas only, but sometimes had normal stool mixed with bowel gas, which dispersed by flatulence. He had a past history of surgery for thymic tumor and somatoform disorder as well as adaptation disorder. On tongue diagnosis, he showed light-red tongue with moderate white fur. His pulse diagnosis was deep, and abdominal diagnosis showed moderate abdominal strength accompanied with tympanic sound, suggestive of abdominal gas retention. After taking HKT ethical granule, the rumbling of his intestines improved after four weeks. After eight weeks, all his symptoms related to bowel gas had disappeared. Various treatments including medical and mental therapy are now applied as therapeutic options for functional abdominal bloating, but no effective standard therapy has yet been reported [1]. From this standpoint, Kampo medicine can be a new option for medical treatment, because it is easy to use in Japanese medical practice. HKT consists of Pinelliae Tuber, Hoelen, Magnoliae Cortex, Perillae Herba and Zingiberis Rhizoma. HKT is frequently used to treat neurosis or globus, but is also applied for gastrointestinal diseases. Previously, we reported that HKT reduced bowel gas volume and improved gastrointestinal symptoms, along with improving the gastric emptying rate in patients with functional dyspepsia [2, 3]. The reduction of bowel gas seems to be due to the suppression of aerophagia, which might be a characteristic mechanism of action for HKT. Moreover, the anxiolytic effect of the crude drugs included in HKT has
{"title":"Two cases of functional abdominal bloating successfully treated with hangekobokuto","authors":"T. Oikawa, Y. Yakazu, Kazuhiro Hirasawa, Y. Yamaguchi, Yoshimi Harada","doi":"10.1002/tkm2.1342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tkm2.1342","url":null,"abstract":"To the editor, Functional abdominal bloating is a clinical entity which is characterized by intractable and uncomfortable abdominal fullness due to aerophagia with bowel gas retention. Recently, we experienced two cases of functional abdominal bloating with complaints of abdominal fullness or flatulence; the symptoms were successfully treated with the Kampo medicine hangekobokuto (HKT). Case 1 was a 73-years-old male whose complaint was abdominal fullness since 10 years. His abdominal fullness occurred around 10 a.m. every morning, sometimes accompanied with belching. Abdominal fullness is sometimes also accompanied by a need to defecate, and he passed normal stool mixed with a huge amount of bowel gas, which dispersed by flatulence. He had a past history of diabetes mellitus, angina and hypertension. On tongue diagnosis, he showed light-red tongue with slight white fur. His pulse diagnosis was deep and somewhat weak. His abdominal diagnosis showed slightly weak abdominal strength accompanied by lower abdominal weakness. After taking HKT ethical granule, his abdominal fullness almost disappeared the following day. After that, he was not disturbed any more by abdominal fullness and other gas symptoms. Case 2 was a 48-years-old male whose complaint was a frequent urgency to defecate since three months. His abdominal discomfort and rumbling of the intestine, and the frequent need to defecate, occurred from evening to nighttime. He usually passed bowel gas only, but sometimes had normal stool mixed with bowel gas, which dispersed by flatulence. He had a past history of surgery for thymic tumor and somatoform disorder as well as adaptation disorder. On tongue diagnosis, he showed light-red tongue with moderate white fur. His pulse diagnosis was deep, and abdominal diagnosis showed moderate abdominal strength accompanied with tympanic sound, suggestive of abdominal gas retention. After taking HKT ethical granule, the rumbling of his intestines improved after four weeks. After eight weeks, all his symptoms related to bowel gas had disappeared. Various treatments including medical and mental therapy are now applied as therapeutic options for functional abdominal bloating, but no effective standard therapy has yet been reported [1]. From this standpoint, Kampo medicine can be a new option for medical treatment, because it is easy to use in Japanese medical practice. HKT consists of Pinelliae Tuber, Hoelen, Magnoliae Cortex, Perillae Herba and Zingiberis Rhizoma. HKT is frequently used to treat neurosis or globus, but is also applied for gastrointestinal diseases. Previously, we reported that HKT reduced bowel gas volume and improved gastrointestinal symptoms, along with improving the gastric emptying rate in patients with functional dyspepsia [2, 3]. The reduction of bowel gas seems to be due to the suppression of aerophagia, which might be a characteristic mechanism of action for HKT. Moreover, the anxiolytic effect of the crude drugs included in HKT has","PeriodicalId":23213,"journal":{"name":"Traditional & Kampo Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81945822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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