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Review essay: Democracy and Prosperity 回顾文章:民主与繁荣
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/10242589211035042
M. Höpner
Democracy and Prosperity is an exceptionally provocative and thereby stimulating book, especially for progressive readers. Torben Iversen and David Soskice argue that capitalism and democracy are mutually reinforcing. Democratic capitalism has worked well and will most likely work well in the future. Globalisation is not putting into question the primacy of politics over economic matters, nor will populism challenge the symbiosis of democratic politics and free markets.
《民主与繁荣》是一本极具挑衅性的书,尤其对进步的读者来说,它具有刺激性。托本·艾弗森(Torben Iversen)和大卫·索斯基斯(David Soskice)认为,资本主义和民主是相互促进的。民主资本主义运行良好,未来也很可能运行良好。全球化不会质疑政治对经济事务的首要地位,民粹主义也不会挑战民主政治与自由市场的共生关系。
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引用次数: 1
Established and emerging fields of workers’ struggles in the care sector: the case of Poland 护理部门工人斗争的既有领域和新兴领域:波兰的案例
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/10242589211028097
J. Kubisa, K. Rakowska
This article analyses the struggles of care sector workers in recent years in Poland, mapping the activities of trade unions and initiatives undertaken by non-unionised workers in care services. It considers the institutional setting and barriers specific to Poland and analyses the constraints on industrial action in the sector by looking at different cases: nurses and midwives, early education teachers, nursery teachers and carers of persons with disabilities. All those groups have in recent years organised militant actions. Using an institutional approach and Social Reproduction Theory, the article discusses how the social understanding of care work intersects with the institutional setting during industrial action and the consequences for the workers of this intersection. It introduces the typology of established and emerging fields of workers’ struggles and a concept of ‘bargaining power penalty’ to show that disputes in the care sector are a new form of industrial dispute, featuring, over and above the tripartite worker-employer-state constellation, the relationship between caregivers and care recipients (and their families) as well as the special position of caregivers in society. Care weakens bargaining power, while at the same time it inspires new agendas of struggles.
本文分析了近年来波兰护理部门工人的斗争,绘制了工会活动和非工会工人在护理服务中采取的举措。它考虑了波兰特有的体制环境和障碍,并通过考察护士和助产士、早期教育教师、托儿所教师和残疾人护理人员等不同案例,分析了该部门对工业行动的限制。近年来,所有这些组织都组织了军事行动。运用制度方法和社会再生产理论,本文讨论了在工业行动中,社会对护理工作的理解如何与制度设置交叉,以及这种交叉对工人的影响。它介绍了工人斗争的既定和新兴领域的类型和“议价能力惩罚”的概念,以表明护理部门的纠纷是一种新的工业纠纷形式,除了工人-雇主-国家三方星座之外,还具有照顾者和照顾者(及其家庭)之间的关系以及照顾者在社会中的特殊地位。忧虑削弱了议价能力,同时也激发了新的斗争议程。
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引用次数: 1
‘Intended’ and ‘unintended’ consequences of the privatisation of health and social care systems in Italy in light of the pandemic 鉴于大流行,意大利卫生和社会保健系统私有化的“有意”和“无意”后果
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/10242589211028458
Andrea Ciarini, S. Neri
This article analyses the long-term effects of privatisation and marketisation on the Italian regional health and social care systems. The research focuses on three Italian regions – Lombardy, Veneto and Lazio – which are representative of three different models of governance in these sectors. We examine the effects of privatisation and marketisation on the health and social care system by discussing how the regional health-care systems have managed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also shed light on the dramatic consequences of the pandemic crisis on employment levels and working conditions.
本文分析了私有化和市场化对意大利地区卫生和社会保健系统的长期影响。这项研究的重点是意大利的三个地区——伦巴第、威尼托和拉齐奥,这三个地区代表了这些部门的三种不同的治理模式。我们通过讨论区域卫生保健系统如何应对COVID-19大流行的影响,研究了私有化和市场化对卫生和社会保健系统的影响。我们还阐明了大流行病危机对就业水平和工作条件造成的严重后果。
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引用次数: 2
Running to stand still? Two decades of trade union activity in the Irish long-term care sector 跑着站着不动?爱尔兰长期护理部门二十年的工会活动
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/10242589211028461
C. Murphy, M. O'Sullivan
This article examines the ongoing efforts of trade unions in Ireland to protect and improve the working conditions of personal care workers amid employment and social policy regimes associated with a liberal welfare state. Comparatively low public expenditure on care and the increasing marketisation of care services have undermined the provision of decent work. This article assesses two major union campaigns related to personal care workers over two decades, and reviews the key priorities that have emerged for unions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We consider whether the outcomes of these campaigns have been converted into enhanced rewards for workers and discuss the continuing challenges for union campaigning.
本文考察了爱尔兰工会在与自由福利国家相关的就业和社会政策制度中为保护和改善个人护理工作者的工作条件所做的持续努力。相对较低的护理公共支出和护理服务的日益市场化破坏了体面工作的提供。本文评估了二十年来与个人护理工作者相关的两次主要工会运动,并回顾了2019冠状病毒病大流行期间工会出现的主要优先事项。我们将考虑这些运动的成果是否已经转化为对工人的更高回报,并讨论工会运动面临的持续挑战。
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引用次数: 3
Time for a paradigm change? Incorporating transnational processes into the analysis of the emerging European health-care system 是时候改变思维模式了?将跨国过程纳入新兴欧洲医疗保健系统的分析
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/10242589211026815
S. Stan, R. Erne
Health services have long been insulated from the process of European integration. In this article, however, we show that we are witnessing their re-configuration in an emerging EU health-care system. The article uncovers the structuring lines of this system by focusing on three interrelated EU-wide processes influencing the integration of national health-care systems into a larger whole. First, the privatisation of health-care services following the constraints of Maastricht economic convergence and the EU accession criteria; second, health-care worker and patient mobility arising from the free movement of workers and services within the European Single Market; and third, new EU laws and country-specific prescriptions on economic governance that the EU has been issuing following the 2008 financial crisis. The article shows that these processes have helped to construct a European health-care system that is uneven in terms of the distribution of patient access to services and of health-care workers’ wages and working conditions, but very similar in terms of EU economic and financial governance pressures on health care across EU Member States.
长期以来,医疗服务一直与欧洲一体化进程隔绝。在这篇文章中,然而,我们表明,我们正在目睹他们的重新配置在一个新兴的欧盟医疗保健系统。文章揭示了这一系统的结构线,重点放在三个相互关联的欧盟范围内的过程影响国家卫生保健系统整合成一个更大的整体。首先,根据《马斯特里赫特经济趋同》和《加入欧盟标准》的限制,实行保健服务私有化;第二,由于欧洲单一市场内工人和服务的自由流动而造成的保健工作者和病人的流动;第三,欧盟在2008年金融危机后颁布了新的欧盟法律和针对具体国家的经济治理规定。这篇文章表明,这些进程帮助建立了一个欧洲卫生保健系统,该系统在患者获得服务的机会分配和卫生保健工作者的工资和工作条件方面是不平衡的,但在欧盟成员国对卫生保健的经济和金融治理压力方面非常相似。
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引用次数: 7
Applauded ‘nightingales’ voicing discontent. Exploring labour unrest in health and social care in Europe before and since the COVID-19 pandemic 鼓掌的“夜莺”表示不满。探讨2019冠状病毒病大流行前后欧洲卫生和社会保健领域的劳工骚乱
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/10242589211031103
K. Vandaele
This short, data-driven article examines and reports upon dynamics and patterns of labour unrest in health and social care (hereafter: ‘care’) in Europe, before and since the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to answer the following questions. How did labour unrest in care develop before the pandemic, since the early 2000s? What kind of collective action repertoires do care workers have? What are their grievances and demands? And what has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour unrest and the issue agenda? The main argument developed is that labour unrest in care is not novel and that mobilising, strike action and other forms of labour unrest have generally continued since the pandemic arrived. Furthermore, they will also feature in the postpandemic era.
这篇以数据为基础的短文审查和报告了2019冠状病毒病大流行之前和之后欧洲卫生和社会护理(以下简称“护理”)领域劳工骚乱的动态和模式。它旨在回答以下问题。自21世纪初以来,在大流行之前,护理行业的劳工骚乱是如何发展的?护工有哪些集体行动技能?他们的不满和要求是什么?2019冠状病毒病大流行对劳工骚乱和问题议程有何影响?提出的主要论点是,医疗行业的劳工骚乱并不新鲜,自大流行到来以来,动员、罢工行动和其他形式的劳工骚乱总体上仍在继续。此外,它们也将成为大流行后时代的特色。
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引用次数: 4
A matter of fragmentation? Challenges for collective bargaining and employment conditions in the Spanish long-term care sector 一个分裂的问题?西班牙长期护理部门集体谈判和就业条件的挑战
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/10242589211028098
Núria Sánchez‐Mira, Raquel Serrano Olivares, Pilar Carrasquer Oto
The long-term care system in Spain has been characterised by decentralisation, marketisation, fiscal austerity and its reliance on informal family care and cheap migrant labour. Focusing on home-help services, this article addresses the extent to which the sector’s multi-level system of collective bargaining can be characterised as fragmented and whether this has had a negative effect on employment conditions. The research involved an analysis of the legal and collective bargaining framework, expert interviews and employee focus groups. We argue that the precedence given to sectoral agreements within public procurement processes is one main factor preventing a move towards ‘disorganised decentralisation’ in the aftermath of the 2012 labour market reform. Moderate decentralisation has favoured heterogeneity in pay and working conditions at regional and provincial levels. However, these mid-level collective agreements have improved standards with respect to the national collective agreement, and there has been a minor increase in the number of company-level collective agreements since the reform. The limited professionalisation, the lack of recognition of skills and effort in occupational classifications, and the organisation of working time emerge as key contributors to the sector’s poor employment conditions.
西班牙长期护理体系的特点是权力下放、市场化、财政紧缩以及对非正式家庭护理和廉价移民劳动力的依赖。本文以家政服务为重点,探讨了该行业多层次的集体谈判体系在多大程度上可以被描述为碎片化,以及这是否对就业条件产生了负面影响。这项研究包括对法律和集体谈判框架的分析、专家访谈和员工焦点小组。我们认为,在2012年劳动力市场改革之后,在公共采购过程中优先考虑部门协议是防止向“无组织的分散”发展的一个主要因素。适度的权力下放有利于地区和省级薪酬和工作条件的异质性。但是,这些中层集体协议提高了国家集体协议的标准,而且自改革以来,公司级集体协议的数量略有增加。专业化程度有限,职业分类中缺乏对技能和努力的认可,以及工作时间的安排是造成该部门就业条件差的主要原因。
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引用次数: 1
Einleitung zur Themenausgabe: Mehrfachbeschäftigung in Europa 专题版:欧洲的未竟之作
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/10242589211022557
W. Conen, Karin Schulze Buschoff
In einer Reihe europäischer Länder ist der eindeutige Trend zu beobachten, dass immer mehr Arbeitnehmer:innen einer Mehrfachbeschäftigung nachgehen. Zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt ist allerdings wenig über die Struktur und die potenziellen Konsequenzen dieser Entwicklung besonders im Hinblick auf die Qualität der Beschäftigung und die soziale Absicherung der Betroffenen bekannt. Diese Ausgabe von Transfer befasst sich mit modernen Formen multipler Arbeitsverhältnisse in Europa. Haben sich Struktur, Natur und Dynamik der Mehrfachbeschäftigung im Laufe der Zeit verändert? Welche Rollen spielen ein flexibler Arbeitsmarkt, der technologische Wandel und die Fragmentierung der Arbeit bei der Entwicklung multipler Arbeitsverhältnisse? Profitieren Mehrfachbeschäftigte von vergleichbaren und adäquaten Beschäftigungsbedingungen, Arbeitsbedingungen und sozialer Absicherung im Vergleich zu Beschäftigten mit nur einem Job, oder sind sie infolge ihrer (fragmentierten) Beschäftigungssituation schlechter gestellt? Welche Konsequenzen ergeben sich daraus für Gewerkschaften, politische Entscheidungsträger und die Regulierung der Arbeit? Die Beiträge dieser Themenausgabe von Transfer ergänzen die vorhandene Fachliteratur über neue Beschäftigungsformen im digitalen Zeitalter und über die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen für den Sozialschutz auch vor dem Hintergrund der Covid-19-Pandemie. Diese Einführung soll die wichtigsten Auseinandersetzungen zum Thema Mehrfachbeschäftigung skizzieren und präsentiert eine Zusammenfassung der Artikel dieser Ausgabe.
在一些欧洲国家,显而易见的趋势是越来越多的工人——她们从事同一行业。然而,目前,人们还很少了解这一发展的结构和潜在后果,特别是在就业和社会保障方面。这有很多东西,用来研究欧洲的多重就业纪录随着时间的推移,多重就业的结构、本质和动态发生了变化吗?有哪些角色会在灵活的劳动力市场、技术变化和工作有多重就业趋势的分散中发挥?与只有一份工作的雇员相比,齐而多寡的服务条件、工作条件和社会保护对多半个人有益还是因其(支离破碎)工作而境况更差?这对工会、决策者和监管者造成什么影响?本刊所作的贡献补充了现有的专门文献,叙述了数字时代的新就业情况和所面临的社会保护挑战,包括covid 19大流行的情况。这一介绍介绍了关于多方面就业的主要讨论,并总结了这一期文章的内容。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction au numéro spécial: Le cumul d’emplois en Europe 特刊导言:欧洲的工作积累
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/10242589211022554
Wieteke Conen, Karin Schulze Buschoff
Dans un certain nombre de pays européens, les situations de cumul d’emplois ont clairement tendance à se multiplier. Mais à l’heure actuelle, on sait peu de choses sur la structure et les conséquences potentielles de ce phénomène, notamment en termes de qualité du travail et de protection sociale. Ce numéro spécial est consacré aux formes contemporaines du cumul d’emplois en Europe. La structure, la nature et la dynamique de ces cumuls d’emplois ont-elles évolué au fil du temps? Quels rôles la flexibilité du marché du travail, les changements technologiques et la fragmentation du travail jouent-ils dans la multiplication des cumuls d’emplois? Et les travailleurs cumulant plusieurs emplois bénéficient-ils de conditions d’emploi et de protections adéquates et similaires à celles des autres travailleurs, ou sont-ils moins bien lotis du fait de leur situation d’emploi (fragmentée)? Quelles sont les implications de ces constats pour les syndicats, les décideurs politiques et au niveau de la réglementation du travail? Les différents articles de ce numéro spécial viennent enrichir la littérature sur les formes d’emploi émergentes à l’ère numérique et les défis à relever en matière de protection sociale, notamment à la lumière de la pandémie de COVID-19. La présente introduction propose de lancer les principaux débats sur la question du cumul d’emplois et elle présente un aperçu des articles réunis dans ce numéro.
在一些欧洲国家,工作重叠的情况显然有增加的趋势。但目前,人们对这一现象的结构和潜在后果知之甚少,特别是在工作质量和社会保护方面。本期特刊致力于欧洲当代形式的工作积累。这些工作积累的结构、性质和动态是否随时间而变化?劳动力市场的灵活性、技术变革和工作的分散在增加就业积累方面发挥了什么作用?从事多种工作的工人是否享有与其他工人类似的充分就业条件和保护,还是由于他们(分散的)就业状况而处于不利地位?这些发现对工会、政策制定者和劳工法规有什么影响?本期特刊的各种文章丰富了关于数字时代出现的就业形式和社会保护方面面临的挑战的文献,特别是在COVID-19大流行的情况下。本文介绍了关于就业积累问题的主要辩论,并概述了本期的文章。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to the special issue: multiple jobholding in Europe 特刊简介:在欧洲担任多个职位
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/10242589211022550
W. Conen, Karin Schulze Buschoff
In a number of European countries there is a clear trend towards increased multiple jobholding. As things stand, however, little is known about the structure and the potential consequences of this increase, notably in terms of quality of work and social protection. This special issue focuses on contemporary forms of multiple jobholding in Europe. Have the structure, nature and dynamics of multiple jobholding changed over time? What are the roles of labour market flexibility, technological change and work fragmentation in the development of multiple jobholding? And do multiple jobholders benefit from similar and adequate employment terms, conditions and protections compared with single jobholders, or are they worse off as a consequence of their (fragmented) employment situation? What implications do these findings have for unions, policy-makers and the regulation of work? The collection of articles in this special issue adds to the literature on emerging forms of employment in the digital age and challenges for social protection, also in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. This introduction initiates a discussion of central debates on multiple jobholding and presents a synopsis of the articles in this issue.
在一些欧洲国家,有一种明显的趋势,即从事多种工作的人数增加。然而,就目前情况而言,人们对这种增长的结构和潜在后果知之甚少,特别是在工作质量和社会保护方面。本期特刊关注欧洲当代多重职业的形式。多份工作的结构、性质和动态是否随时间而改变?劳动力市场灵活性、技术变革和工作碎片化在多重工作发展中的作用是什么?与单个工作人员相比,多个工作人员是否受益于相似且充分的就业条款、条件和保护,或者他们的(分散的)就业状况会使他们的情况更糟?这些发现对工会、政策制定者和工作监管有什么启示?本期特刊收录的文章补充了关于数字时代新出现的就业形式以及在2019冠状病毒病大流行背景下社会保护面临的挑战的文献。这篇引言引发了关于多职位持有的核心辩论的讨论,并提出了本期文章的摘要。
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引用次数: 1
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Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research
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