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Web Controlled Raspberry Pi Robot Surveillance 网络控制树莓派机器人监控
V. Rani, J. Sridevi, P. Sai
Security is a major thing to focus on during this modern era as it is very important to secure your surroundings for the well being of oneself and his family, But there are many drawbacks of using conventional security surveillance cameras as they have to be set in a particular angle for good visual and they do not cover a large area, conventional security cameras can only be used from a particular device and cannot alert the user during an unforeseen circumstance. Hence we require a much more efficient device for better security a web controlled surveillance robot is much more practical device to be used compared to conventional security surveillance, this system needs a single camera to perform its operation and the user can monitor a wide range of area, any device with a wireless connection to the internet can be used to operate this device. This robot can move to any location within the range of the network and can be accessed globally from anywhere and as it uses only one camera to secure a large area it is also cost-efficient. At the core of the system lies Raspberry-pi which is responsible for all the operation of the system and the size of the device can be engineered according to the area it is to be used.
安全是一个主要的关注在这个现代社会,因为它是非常重要的保护环境为自己和家人的幸福,但也有许多的缺点使用传统安全监控摄像头,他们必须被设置在一个特定的角度为良好的视觉和他们不覆盖面积大,传统的安全摄像头只能用于从一个特定的设备,不能提醒用户在不可预见的情况。因此,我们需要一个更有效的设备,以更好的安全,一个网络控制的监控机器人是更实用的设备,相比传统的安全监控,该系统需要一个单一的摄像头来执行其操作,用户可以监控一个大范围的区域,任何设备与无线连接到互联网可以用来操作这个设备。这种机器人可以移动到网络范围内的任何位置,可以从全球任何地方访问,而且由于它只使用一个摄像头来保护大面积区域,因此也具有成本效益。系统的核心是树莓派,它负责系统的所有操作,设备的大小可以根据它要使用的区域来设计。
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引用次数: 3
Wind speed prediction using hybrid long short-term memory neural network based approach 基于混合长短期记忆神经网络的风速预测方法
G. R. Yadav, E. Muneender, M. Santhosh
Accurate wind speed prediction is a essential for enhanced wind energy integration with grid. A hybrid forecasting model is implemented to improve prediction accuracy. Decomposition technique is utilized to separate the input training wind speed data into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Deep neural network is used for the feature learning from each sub-series signal. Thus, the developed approach is tested with National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) dataset. Experimental evaluation in terms of statistical indices confirms that proposed hybrid model outperforms the existing benchmark approaches.
准确的风速预测是提高风能并网能力的关键。为了提高预测精度,采用了混合预测模型。利用分解技术将输入训练风速数据分解为内禀模态函数。利用深度神经网络对各子序列信号进行特征学习。因此,开发的方法与国家风能研究所(NIWE)数据集进行了测试。统计指标方面的实验评价证实了所提出的混合模型优于现有的基准方法。
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引用次数: 5
Voting Technique for Islanding Detection in Microgrid Using Superimposed Angle Variations 基于叠加角度变化的微电网孤岛检测投票技术
Harikrishna Muda
The detection of islanding events in a microgrid is a problematic issue. In this paper, four angle variations of superimposed sequence components are derived, and a new technique is proposed using the highest aggregate votes. Space vector transform is applied to decompose positive sequences and negative sequences from power signals. From the pre-state and post-state information, mathematical relationships of superimposed components are generated, and angle variation in between the superimposed component and pre-event component of each sequence is computed. This technique identifies the islanding state, even under perfectly power match conditions without the threshold setting, and hence overcomes the non-detection zone (NDZ) problem. Also, the non-islanding states such as the variable fault resistance, single-pole tripping, recloser operation, non-linear loads, and reconnection of the DEU are addressed. The proposed technique is verified using the thirteen bus microgrid simulation model in a real-time digital environment. The proposed technique is found to be fast and accurate on the change in source capacity, location, and type of DEU.
微电网孤岛事件的检测是一个有问题的问题。本文推导了叠加序列分量的四种角度变化,并提出了一种利用最大总投票的新方法。利用空间矢量变换对功率信号的正序列和负序列进行分解。根据前状态和后状态信息,生成叠加分量的数学关系,计算各序列叠加分量与前事件分量之间的角度变化。即使在没有阈值设置的完全功率匹配条件下,该技术也可以识别孤岛状态,从而克服了非检测区(NDZ)问题。此外,还解决了非孤岛状态,如可变故障电阻、单极跳闸、重合闸操作、非线性负载和DEU的重新连接。采用13总线微电网仿真模型,在实时数字环境下对所提技术进行了验证。结果表明,该方法对源容量、位置和DEU类型的变化具有快速、准确的特点。
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引用次数: 1
Real-Time Control for Charging Discharging of Electric Vehicles in a Charging Station with Renewable Generation and Battery Storage 具有可再生能源发电和蓄电池储能的充电站内电动汽车充放电的实时控制
U. Qureshi, A. Ghosh, B. K. Panigrahi
Charging of electric vehicle in an uncontrolled manner can seriously impact the power distribution grid and make the large scale adoption of electric mobility non viable. In this paper we propose an online charging discharging decision sequence for electric vehicles in a commercial charging station to minimize the overall cost of charging the electric vehicles while satisfying the number of constraints. The control problem has been formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem, which aims to reduce the cost of charging the electric vehicles, reducing the frequent change in charging rates, flattening the load profile subject to equality and inequality constrains of the chargers and the grid. The decision sequence is capable of handling both the homogeneous as well as heterogeneous charging requirements with random arrival times and deadlines. The problem is transformed to a convex optimization problem which can be solved using any standard convex optimization toolbox. We empirically demonstrate that our proposed decision reduces the cost of charging and frequent changes in charging rates while reducing the peak loading on the grid.
电动汽车充电不受控制会对配电网造成严重影响,使大规模采用电动汽车变得不可行。本文提出了一种商业充电站电动汽车在线充放电决策序列,在满足约束数量的前提下,使电动汽车充电总成本最小。控制问题是一个多目标优化问题,其目标是降低电动汽车的充电成本,减少充电率的频繁变化,在充电器和电网的相等和不相等约束下使负荷曲线平坦化。决策序列能够处理具有随机到达时间和截止日期的同质和异构收费需求。该问题转化为一个凸优化问题,可以使用任何标准凸优化工具箱来求解。我们的经验证明,我们提出的决策降低了充电成本和充电率的频繁变化,同时减少了电网的峰值负荷。
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引用次数: 3
New Considerations of Superconductor Bulk and Copper Coil Interactions: Electric Transport Applications 超导体体和铜线圈相互作用的新考虑:电传输应用
H. Bouchekhou, H. Allag, A. Hamane
In this work, in goal to observe the specific characteristics of high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk dedicated to electric transport applications, we developed new approach based on induced currents calculation using bi-dimensional magnetically coupled elements method. The currents distributions in the HTS bulk are calculated using the puissance law model and the resistivity is also calculated with the Ohm's law. All the system is resolved using iterative fixed-point method. The results of current densities penetration are shown for sufficiently meshed HTS bulk.
在这项工作中,为了观察专用于电输运应用的高温超导(HTS)体的特定特性,我们开发了基于二维磁耦合元件法计算感应电流的新方法。利用欧姆定律计算了高温超导体中的电流分布,并利用欧姆定律计算了电阻率。采用迭代不动点法对整个系统进行求解。电流密度穿透的结果显示了充分网格化的高温超导体。
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引用次数: 0
Issues in Hardware Realization of DC-DC Converters Interfaced with SPV System for Beginners 与SPV系统接口的DC-DC变换器的硬件实现问题
K. Agarwal, Dhanraj
In this paper, the issues in hardware realization of DC-DC converters interfaced with PV module for beginners are addressed and suitable rectifications are also presented. The main issues are selection of switching frequency, Selection of power switching device/s, design of robust MOSFET driver circuit, design of practical inductors, Selection of Current & voltage sensors for DC applications, Microcontroller and some important precautions related to observation and PCB design. The proposed issues and suitable rectification are made using hardware realization of MPPT guided DC-DC converters interfaced with SPV system.
本文针对初学者使用的与光伏组件接口的DC-DC变换器的硬件实现问题进行了讨论,并提出了相应的改进措施。主要问题有:开关频率的选择、功率开关器件的选择、稳健的MOSFET驱动电路的设计、实用电感的设计、直流应用中电流电压传感器的选择、单片机以及与观测和PCB设计相关的一些重要注意事项。利用与SPV系统接口的MPPT引导DC-DC变换器的硬件实现,对提出的问题进行了相应的整改。
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引用次数: 2
Control of Low Voltage Grid-Tied Solar PV System 低压并网太阳能光伏系统的控制
Gaurav Modi, Bhim Singh
A low voltage grid-tied solar PV (GSPV) system suffers from poor power quality (PQ) due to the distorted currents drawn by the loads affixed at the point of common coupling (PCC). Moreover, during the peak PV (Photovoltaic) array generation and low load condition, the PCC voltages rise beyond the prescribed limit as par the IEEE std. 1547. Hence, this work presents the control and operation of the GSPV system to satisfy the IEEE-519 and IEEE-1547 standards by improving the PQ at the PCC and to limit the rise in PCC voltages as par the specified limit, respectively. The system either works at unity power factor (UPF) mode or voltage regulation (VR) mode depending upon the PCC voltage variation. It maintains the grid currents distortionfree and balanced during its operation. Here, an in-loop filter based second-order generalized integrator (ILF-SOGI) algorithm is used to control the GSPV system. The proportional-integral (PI) based perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is used to maximize the efficiency of the GSPV system. A simulation study is carried out in MATLAB environment for performance validation of the presented GSPV system.
低压并网太阳能光伏(GSPV)系统的电能质量(PQ)很差,这是由于固定在共耦合点(PCC)的负载所产生的畸变电流造成的。此外,在PV(光伏)阵列发电峰值和低负荷工况下,PCC电压超出IEEE标准1547规定的限值。因此,本文介绍了GSPV系统的控制和运行,分别通过提高PCC的PQ来满足IEEE-519和IEEE-1547标准,并将PCC电压的上升限制在规定的范围内。根据PCC电压变化,系统可以工作在单位功率因数(UPF)模式或电压调节(VR)模式下。它在运行过程中保持电网电流无畸变和平衡。本文采用一种基于环内滤波器的二阶广义积分器(ILF-SOGI)算法来控制GSPV系统。为了使GSPV系统的效率最大化,采用了基于比例积分(PI)的扰动与观测(P&O)算法。在MATLAB环境下进行了仿真研究,验证了GSPV系统的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Low-Frequency Earthing Design under Dynamic soil characteristics using Metaheuristic Techniques 基于元启发式技术的动态土壤特性低频接地设计
A. S. L. K. Gopalamma, R. Naik
Like the Immune system in humans, suitable design for earthing system sustains under severe abnormal conditions. In general, the Impedance at power frequency or low-frequency range equals to only resistance. The value of resistance should be low enough to handle the critical current flowing. Accuracy and sensitivity of a system depend on the resiliency after the fault. In this paper, we Proposed the Mathematical model of the objective function with two Inequality Constraints, such as critical length and spacing between Conductors and results incorporated accordingly using MATLAB Environment. Design of Low frequency earthing under dynamic Soil characteristics explained. This study elaborates the role of impulse resistance, Critical length, and spacing between vertical rods under low-frequency conditions. The objective function (Grid resistance) Minimized using metaheuristic Techniques such as Ray Optimization Algorithm (RAO), Vibration Particle Search Algorithm(VPSA).
与人体的免疫系统一样,适当的接地系统设计在严重的异常条件下也能维持。一般来说,在工频或低频范围的阻抗只等于电阻。电阻值应低到足以处理临界电流。系统的精度和灵敏度取决于故障后的恢复能力。本文在MATLAB环境下,提出了具有临界长度和导体间距两个不等式约束的目标函数的数学模型,并结合了相应的结果。阐述了动力土特性下的低频接地设计。本研究阐述了低频条件下冲击阻力、临界长度和垂直杆间距的作用。利用射线优化算法(RAO)、振动粒子搜索算法(VPSA)等元启发式算法对目标函数(网格阻力)进行最小化。
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引用次数: 0
Design and Analysis of a Novel Cascaded 15-Level Asymmetric Inverter Using PSO and Whale Algorithms 基于PSO和Whale算法的新型级联15电平非对称逆变器设计与分析
D. Kumar, A. Ganesh, D. S. Naga Malleswara Rao
This paper proposed an asymmetric inverter, which can give the required output from the asymmetrical DC sources. A very less number of semiconductor switching devices is used for the proposed asymmetric inverter which reduces size, switch losses, and improves system efficiency. This inverter is operated by the SHEPWM system of low-frequency switches. The SHEPWM can conveniently eliminate the selected harmonics in the output of the inverter; this further improves the output voltage profile and efficiency. To optimize the witching angles of the SHEPWM MLI for eliminate higher order harmonics, the Particle Swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) & WHALE optimization algorithms are used. The simulation results are compared for THD performance of both the algorithms.
本文提出了一种非对称逆变器,它可以从非对称直流电源中获得所需的输出。所提出的非对称逆变器使用的半导体开关器件数量非常少,从而减小了尺寸,减少了开关损耗,提高了系统效率。该逆变器由SHEPWM系统的低频开关控制。SHEPWM可以方便地消除逆变器输出中的选定谐波;这进一步改善了输出电压分布和效率。为了优化SHEPWM MLI的开关角以消除高次谐波,采用了粒子群优化算法(PSO)和WHALE优化算法。仿真结果比较了两种算法的THD性能。
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引用次数: 7
AGC of Hybrid Power System with Grey Wolf optimizer Based Conventional Secondary Controllers 基于灰狼优化器的混合动力系统AGC
Asadur Rahman, L. Saikia, Yatin Sharma
Automatic generation control is exhibited for multi-area hybrid solar-hydro-thermal system. Hybrid power system comprises of conventional thermal and solar thermal system in area 1. Conventional thermal system and hydro system with electric governor are positioned in area 2 and area 3 respectively. The conventional thermal systems are provided with single reheat turbine. Suitable generation rate constraint is provided in both hydro and thermal systems. The system dynamics with and without solar thermal are evaluated separately, considering conventional secondary controllers. Grey wolf optimizer (GWO) evolutionary computational technique is applied to simultaneously optimize the controller gains. Analyses reveal that system responses, with and without solar thermal, for PID controller are improved in comparison to other controllers. Investigation infers that the responses with reference to the hybrid system are enhanced with faster settling time and lesser deviation as compared to the system in absence of solar thermal. Wide variation in system conditions and parameters does not require resetting of GWO optimized PID controller gains. Robustness analysis authorizes the healthiness of GWO optimized PID controller gains found at nominal system condition.
展示了多区域混合太阳能-水热系统的自动发电控制。1区混合动力系统由常规热系统和太阳能热系统组成。常规热力系统和带电调速器的水力系统分别位于2区和3区。传统的热力系统采用单个再热涡轮。在水力和热力系统中都提供了合适的发电速率约束。在考虑常规二次控制器的情况下,分别对有和无太阳能热的系统动力学进行了评估。采用灰狼优化器(GWO)进化计算技术对控制器增益进行同步优化。分析表明,与其他控制器相比,PID控制器在考虑和不考虑太阳能热的情况下,系统响应都得到了改善。研究表明,与没有太阳能热的系统相比,混合系统的响应得到增强,稳定时间更快,偏差更小。系统条件和参数的广泛变化不需要对GWO优化的PID控制器增益进行复位。鲁棒性分析证实了GWO优化PID控制器增益在系统标称条件下的健康性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2021 International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation (SEFET)
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