Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.619
D. Gatt, Raquel Borg Cutajar
This paper describes the process of adapting the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) to Maltese. The language-learning context in Malta is introduced, followed by an overview of the main typological characteristics of Maltese. A detailed account of the adaptation process is then given. Theoretical and clinical applications of the Maltese adaptation of the MAIN are discussed and current research projects in which the Maltese adaptation is being employed are briefly described.
{"title":"The adaptation of MAIN to Maltese","authors":"D. Gatt, Raquel Borg Cutajar","doi":"10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.619","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the process of adapting the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) to Maltese. The language-learning context in Malta is introduced, followed by an overview of the main typological characteristics of Maltese. A detailed account of the adaptation process is then given. Theoretical and clinical applications of the Maltese adaptation of the MAIN are discussed and current research projects in which the Maltese adaptation is being employed are briefly described.","PeriodicalId":232649,"journal":{"name":"ZAS Papers in Linguistics","volume":"20 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120994631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This volume contains ten papers that report on recent developments and new language versions of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN). Eight papers describe a MAIN language version, including the typological characteristics of the language, the cultural context in which the language is used, and the processes of translating and adapting MAIN to the language. Some also present results from pilot studies or summaries of already published studies where the language version was used. The two final papers report on research conducted with MAIN, and discuss important methodological issues, for example concerning different elicitation methods.
{"title":"Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives: Recent developments and new language adaptations","authors":"Josefin Lindgren, Freideriki Tselekidou, Natalia Gagarina","doi":"10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.606","url":null,"abstract":"This volume contains ten papers that report on recent developments and new language versions of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN). Eight papers describe a MAIN language version, including the typological characteristics of the language, the cultural context in which the language is used, and the processes of translating and adapting MAIN to the language. Some also present results from pilot studies or summaries of already published studies where the language version was used. The two final papers report on research conducted with MAIN, and discuss important methodological issues, for example concerning different elicitation methods.","PeriodicalId":232649,"journal":{"name":"ZAS Papers in Linguistics","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122761379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.621
Sha Wang, Wenchun Yang
This paper introduces the Tibetan version of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN). We describe the main typological properties of the Tibetan language, including word order, case markers, and evidentiality. Finally, the motivation for adaptation, the process of adaptation, and the challenges encountered are discussed.
{"title":"Adapting the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) to Tibetan","authors":"Sha Wang, Wenchun Yang","doi":"10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.621","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the Tibetan version of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN). We describe the main typological properties of the Tibetan language, including word order, case markers, and evidentiality. Finally, the motivation for adaptation, the process of adaptation, and the challenges encountered are discussed.","PeriodicalId":232649,"journal":{"name":"ZAS Papers in Linguistics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122815777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.617
Ineta Dabašinskienė, Laura Kamandulyte-Merfeldiene
This paper describes the Lithuanian version of the Multilingual Assessment tool for Narratives (MAIN) and presents research that used MAIN for narrative analysis of Lithuanian-speaking monolingual and bilingual typically-developing children and children with a language disorder. Our target group is preschool and primary school children, as we believe that narrative and general language skills at preschool and early school age should be investigated to establish the tendencies or even standards of this age group and to identify children who need language therapy or help in the learning process. This study is a contribution to the international network of MAIN by reinforcing a better understanding of narrative studies and the use of MAIN in Lithuanian research.
{"title":"An overview of the adaptation of MAIN to Lithuanian and research using the Lithuanian MAIN","authors":"Ineta Dabašinskienė, Laura Kamandulyte-Merfeldiene","doi":"10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.617","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the Lithuanian version of the Multilingual Assessment tool for Narratives (MAIN) and presents research that used MAIN for narrative analysis of Lithuanian-speaking monolingual and bilingual typically-developing children and children with a language disorder. Our target group is preschool and primary school children, as we believe that narrative and general language skills at preschool and early school age should be investigated to establish the tendencies or even standards of this age group and to identify children who need language therapy or help in the learning process. This study is a contribution to the international network of MAIN by reinforcing a better understanding of narrative studies and the use of MAIN in Lithuanian research.","PeriodicalId":232649,"journal":{"name":"ZAS Papers in Linguistics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116231763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.616
Blessing Ndlovu, D. Klop
The Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) was developed as an instrument to assess the narrative skills of children in multilingual and multicultural contexts. The aim was to compile an instrument that is ecologically valid and culturally neutral so it can be used to assess children’s narrative skills regardless of their linguistic, socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. While storytelling occurs in all communities and cultures, storytelling customs may differ from culture to culture. For example, African storytelling is based on oral traditions passed on from one generation to the next. In the Zulu culture, which has a very rich anthology of folktales and oral traditions, stories are often used to teach moral lessons. This paper reflects on the possible challenges that clinicians may encounter when using MAIN to assess young children who may have only been exposed to traditional Zulu folklore stories that differ in structure from the MAIN stories. We also consider the Southern African Story Grammar model that was proposed by Tappe (2018) as a better reflection of African storytelling than the classical Stein and Glenn (1979) story grammar model. We discuss how some aspects of the MAIN stories and assessment procedures may not resemble the typical stories or storytelling customs in traditional isiZulu-speaking populations and therefore compromise the ecological validity of MAIN. In this paper, our focus is on isiZulu, but our questions about the ecological validity of MAIN may also be relevant for other language groups and cultures in the growing international community of MAIN users.
{"title":"Adapting MAIN to isiZulu – some reflections on ecological validity","authors":"Blessing Ndlovu, D. Klop","doi":"10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.616","url":null,"abstract":"The Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) was developed as an instrument to assess the narrative skills of children in multilingual and multicultural contexts. The aim was to compile an instrument that is ecologically valid and culturally neutral so it can be used to assess children’s narrative skills regardless of their linguistic, socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. While storytelling occurs in all communities and cultures, storytelling customs may differ from culture to culture. For example, African storytelling is based on oral traditions passed on from one generation to the next. In the Zulu culture, which has a very rich anthology of folktales and oral traditions, stories are often used to teach moral lessons. This paper reflects on the possible challenges that clinicians may encounter when using MAIN to assess young children who may have only been exposed to traditional Zulu folklore stories that differ in structure from the MAIN stories. We also consider the Southern African Story Grammar model that was proposed by Tappe (2018) as a better reflection of African storytelling than the classical Stein and Glenn (1979) story grammar model. We discuss how some aspects of the MAIN stories and assessment procedures may not resemble the typical stories or storytelling customs in traditional isiZulu-speaking populations and therefore compromise the ecological validity of MAIN. In this paper, our focus is on isiZulu, but our questions about the ecological validity of MAIN may also be relevant for other language groups and cultures in the growing international community of MAIN users.","PeriodicalId":232649,"journal":{"name":"ZAS Papers in Linguistics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123786112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we give a comprehensive overview of the results from studies that have used the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) to investigate comprehension and production of narrative macrostructure (story structure) to date. We show the wide range of research in which MAIN has been used through summaries of core results from studies that investigated age effects, and studies that compared monolinguals with bilinguals, bilinguals’ two languages, and typically-developing (TD) children with children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Results from studies including factors that influence bilinguals’ narrative skills (e.g., language skills, language input) are also covered, as are those that deal with methodological aspects and more specifically, task effects, i.e., how the choice of elicitation mode (telling; retelling; model story) and story (Cat/Dog; Baby Birds/Baby Goats) influence story structure and story comprehension. As concluding remarks, we summarize the state-of-the-art of narrative research using MAIN and outline possible directions for future studies.
{"title":"Acquisition of narrative macrostructure: A comprehensive overview of results from the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives","authors":"Josefin Lindgren, Freideriki Tselekidou, Natalia Gagarina","doi":"10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.623","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we give a comprehensive overview of the results from studies that have used the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) to investigate comprehension and production of narrative macrostructure (story structure) to date. We show the wide range of research in which MAIN has been used through summaries of core results from studies that investigated age effects, and studies that compared monolinguals with bilinguals, bilinguals’ two languages, and typically-developing (TD) children with children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Results from studies including factors that influence bilinguals’ narrative skills (e.g., language skills, language input) are also covered, as are those that deal with methodological aspects and more specifically, task effects, i.e., how the choice of elicitation mode (telling; retelling; model story) and story (Cat/Dog; Baby Birds/Baby Goats) influence story structure and story comprehension. As concluding remarks, we summarize the state-of-the-art of narrative research using MAIN and outline possible directions for future studies.","PeriodicalId":232649,"journal":{"name":"ZAS Papers in Linguistics","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129607917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.618
Celestino Oriikiriza, Sigal Uziel
The present paper reports on how the MAIN instrument was adapted to Luganda, a Bantu language spoken in Uganda, for assessing the narrative skills of Luganda-speaking children. The adaptation involved recommendations for cultural adaptations of the picture sets and translation of the manual into Luganda. The paper also describes the first (pilot) study using the Luganda MAIN, and how the bureaucratic, linguistic, and technical challenges along the way were dealt with. In addition, preliminary results are reported and discussed, followed by some conclusions and suggestions for future research.
{"title":"The Adaptation of MAIN to Luganda","authors":"Celestino Oriikiriza, Sigal Uziel","doi":"10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.618","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper reports on how the MAIN instrument was adapted to Luganda, a Bantu language spoken in Uganda, for assessing the narrative skills of Luganda-speaking children. The adaptation involved recommendations for cultural adaptations of the picture sets and translation of the manual into Luganda. The paper also describes the first (pilot) study using the Luganda MAIN, and how the bureaucratic, linguistic, and technical challenges along the way were dealt with. In addition, preliminary results are reported and discussed, followed by some conclusions and suggestions for future research.","PeriodicalId":232649,"journal":{"name":"ZAS Papers in Linguistics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125424097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.620
Kannan Abinayaa, Lakshmi Venkatesh, P. A. Nehru, Madhav Raman
This paper reports on the adaptation of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) to Tamil. We first briefly provide an overview of the Tamil language and the Tamil population in the southern state of Tamil Nadu in India and then we describe in detail the multiple phases of the adaptation process including input from some pilot data from Tamil-speaking children.
{"title":"Adapting the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives to Tamil","authors":"Kannan Abinayaa, Lakshmi Venkatesh, P. A. Nehru, Madhav Raman","doi":"10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.620","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the adaptation of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) to Tamil. We first briefly provide an overview of the Tamil language and the Tamil population in the southern state of Tamil Nadu in India and then we describe in detail the multiple phases of the adaptation process including input from some pilot data from Tamil-speaking children.","PeriodicalId":232649,"journal":{"name":"ZAS Papers in Linguistics","volume":"249 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121414283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.614
Maria Dorbert, A. Nikitina
This paper describes the process of translating and adapting the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) to Chuvash. Chuvash is one of the largest minority languages in the European part of Russia. The Chuvash MAIN not only extends the empirical coverage of MAIN by including the only extant member of the Oghur (Bulgar) branch of the Turkic language family, but also offers an important tool to assess the narrative abilities of Russian-Chuvash bilingual children in their first language.
{"title":"The Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN): Adding Chuvash to MAIN","authors":"Maria Dorbert, A. Nikitina","doi":"10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.614","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the process of translating and adapting the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) to Chuvash. Chuvash is one of the largest minority languages in the European part of Russia. The Chuvash MAIN not only extends the empirical coverage of MAIN by including the only extant member of the Oghur (Bulgar) branch of the Turkic language family, but also offers an important tool to assess the narrative abilities of Russian-Chuvash bilingual children in their first language.","PeriodicalId":232649,"journal":{"name":"ZAS Papers in Linguistics","volume":"47 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131716380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.622
Katrin Bente Karl
The present study suggests guidelines for the successful elicitation of adults’ narratives using an online remote design. In doing so, I have adapted the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS MAIN) to an adult population and specify possible applications in a remote context. Hereby, I elaborate on various features that impact the elicited data and the testing context. I also report results from a pilot study with 10 adults telling MAIN stories using three different testing methods (two moderated methods using PowerPoint or an external link and one unmoderated) to argue that different methods of remote narrative elicitation do not influence the macrostructure of the narratives. However, by extending the analysis to the context of the testing and including the experimenters’ and participants’ assessments of the testing situation, we can see differences that lead me to recommend the so-called Link method (a moderated remote testing method with a certain degree of autonomy) for remote testing with adults.
{"title":"Adapting MAIN to eliciting stories from adults and in a remote context: What do we have to consider, and what do we know?","authors":"Katrin Bente Karl","doi":"10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.65.2023.622","url":null,"abstract":"The present study suggests guidelines for the successful elicitation of adults’ narratives using an online remote design. In doing so, I have adapted the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS MAIN) to an adult population and specify possible applications in a remote context. Hereby, I elaborate on various features that impact the elicited data and the testing context. I also report results from a pilot study with 10 adults telling MAIN stories using three different testing methods (two moderated methods using PowerPoint or an external link and one unmoderated) to argue that different methods of remote narrative elicitation do not influence the macrostructure of the narratives. However, by extending the analysis to the context of the testing and including the experimenters’ and participants’ assessments of the testing situation, we can see differences that lead me to recommend the so-called Link method (a moderated remote testing method with a certain degree of autonomy) for remote testing with adults.","PeriodicalId":232649,"journal":{"name":"ZAS Papers in Linguistics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114300300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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