Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment最新文献

英文中文

Mapping noise and pollutant emissions hotspots: Driving behavior and vehicle features based-analysis 绘制噪声和污染物排放热点图：基于驾驶行为和车辆特征的分析

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104466

Antonio Pascale , Paulo Fernandes , Eloísa Macedo , Claudio Guarnaccia , Margarida C. Coelho

Understanding exhaust and noise emissions-related dynamics in urban environments presents ongoing challenges, aggravated by the absence of integrated assessments and noise models capable of handling single-vehicle kinematic data. This paper offers a comprehensive methodology aimed at addressing these gaps through the development of noise, carbon dioxide (CO₂), and nitrogen oxides (NO_X) emission maps using microscopic models. Focusing on a network consisting of a national road and an urban multilane roundabout, the study uses a microscopic multi-modal traffic simulation tool. It simulates traffic volumes, speed and acceleration profiles, and pedestrian movements over a 14-hour period to feed the models. The findings underscore roundabout entries as critical CO₂ and NO_X hotspots, while noise hotspots are linked to network congestion levels and the interactions between vehicles and pedestrians. This approach facilitates the monitoring of emissions and offers insights for urban planning decisions aimed at fostering sustainable development.

了解城市环境中与废气和噪声排放相关的动态是一项持续的挑战，而能够处理单车运动学数据的综合评估和噪声模型的缺乏则加剧了这一挑战。本文提供了一种综合方法，旨在通过使用微观模型绘制噪声、二氧化碳（CO2）和氮氧化物（NOX）排放图来填补这些空白。该研究以由一条国道和一个城市多车道环岛组成的网络为重点，使用了一种微观多模式交通模拟工具。它模拟了 14 小时内的交通流量、速度和加速度曲线以及行人流动情况，为模型提供信息。研究结果表明，环岛入口是二氧化碳和氮氧化物的关键热点，而噪声热点则与网络拥堵程度以及车辆和行人之间的相互作用有关。这种方法有助于监测排放量，并为旨在促进可持续发展的城市规划决策提供启示。

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引用次数: 0

Vocs pollution and respiratory exposure in commercial and residential underground parking garages 商业和住宅地下停车场的 Vocs 污染与呼吸道接触

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104472

Liyuan Zhang , Weipeng Wu , Jianyue Wang , Yuqi Wang , Yue Zhang , Ning Wang , Shunan Yuan , Jiajun Li , Wenzhuo Xian , Longsheng Deng , Wen Fan

The indoor air quality in Underground Parking Garages (UPGs) has deteriorated significantly, primarily due to the high concentrations of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by idling or low-speed motor vehicles. However, the compositional characteristics and respiratory exposure to VOCs in UPGs have not been quantitatively analyzed. To establish a method for investigating the respiratory exposure to VOCs among different populations in UPGs, a three-dimensional dynamic diffusion model of indoor pollutants was developed based on monitoring data from 116 components in various UPGs in a large city in northern China. The results indicated that air pollution in underground spaces poses significant health risks to workers and children. Furthermore, a comprehensive approach is essential for improving ventilation capacity and air quality in underground transportation spaces.

地下停车场（UPG）的室内空气质量严重恶化，主要原因是空转或低速行驶的机动车辆排放出高浓度的颗粒物和挥发性有机化合物（VOC）。然而，目前还没有对 UPG 中 VOC 的成分特征和呼吸道接触 VOC 的情况进行定量分析。为了建立一种方法来调查不同人群在地下石油气中接触 VOCs 的情况，研究人员根据中国北方某大城市不同地下石油气中 116 种成分的监测数据，建立了室内污染物的三维动态扩散模型。结果表明，地下空间的空气污染对工人和儿童的健康构成了重大威胁。此外，要提高地下交通空间的通风能力和空气质量，必须采取综合措施。

引用次数: 0

Environmental life-cycle impacts of bitumen: Systematic review and new Canadian models 沥青对环境生命周期的影响：系统回顾和新的加拿大模型

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104439

Anne de Bortoli , Olutoyin Rahimy , Annie Levasseur

Bitumen − or asphalt binder − is a major contributor to pavement environmental impacts. Nevertheless, the literature only counts scarce asphalt binder LCAs, with highly variable results. To better understand bitumen environmental impacts, we review LCAs published before 2024. Then, we build bitumen LCA models for different Canadian markets, using TRACI 2.1 and ecoinvent v3.6. The carbon footprint of Canadian asphalt binders ranges within [826–1098] kgCO₂eq/t (potentially up to 2680 kgCO₂eq/t when including fugitive emissions). Crude oil extraction is the main contributor to most life cycle environmental impact categories, but likely still underestimated. Transportation impacts can vary highly ([18–291] kgCO₂eq/t in Canada). Models for these two hotspots must be tailored. Finally, we critically compare the carbon footprints of all published virgin asphalt binders LCAs: previous carbon footprints range within [143–637] kgCO₂eq/t and are very likely underestimated. Previous pavement LCA results must be questioned, and higher-quality LCIs urgently developed to produce robust regionalized LCA-based recommendations on pavement green practices.

沥青（或称沥青粘结剂）是造成路面环境影响的主要因素。然而，文献中关于沥青粘结剂的生命周期评估却寥寥无几，且结果千差万别。为了更好地了解沥青对环境的影响，我们回顾了 2024 年之前发表的生命周期评估。然后，我们使用 TRACI 2.1 和 ecoinvent v3.6 为不同的加拿大市场建立了沥青生命周期评估模型。加拿大沥青粘结剂的碳足迹范围为 [826-1098] kgCO2eq/t（如果包括散逸性排放，则可能高达 2680 kgCO2eq/t）。原油开采是大多数生命周期环境影响类别的主要贡献者，但很可能仍被低估。运输影响可能差异很大（加拿大为 [18-291] kgCO2eq/t）。这两个热点地区的模型必须量身定制。最后，我们严格比较了所有已公布的原生沥青胶结料生命周期评估的碳足迹：以前的碳足迹范围在 [143-637] kgCO2eq/t 之间，很可能被低估了。必须对以前的路面生命周期评估结果提出质疑，并紧急开发更高质量的生命周期影响指标，以提出基于生命周期评估的路面绿色实践的区域化建议。

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引用次数: 0

Developing driving cycles for garbage trucks to estimate fuel consumption 开发垃圾车驾驶周期，估算燃料消耗量

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104469

Yanzhao Hao, Yi Zhang, Ning Ma, Penglong Li, Yili Liu

Driving cycle offers a comprehensive understanding of operational features throughout the waste collection and transportation (C&T) process, which is critical for optimizing waste management aiming at reducing energy use and environmental pollution. In this study, the Micro-trip method, combined with principal component and cluster analysis, was adopted to divide the C&T process into five operational phases. Considering diverse waste types and C&T modes, four driving cycles were synthesized for garbage trucks. The average speeds of garbage truck cycles are considerably lower, coupled with prolonged idle durations, marking a substantial deviation from standard cycles. Additionally, the OpMode-bin method was employed to estimate fuel consumption for both garbage truck cycles and standard cycles. The results reveal that using standard cycles generally results in an underestimation of fuel consumption by 20 % to 30 %, which highlights the necessity of developing specific driving cycles to ensure accurate fuel use and emission quantification for garbage trucks.

驱动循环可全面了解整个废物收集和运输（C&T）过程的运行特征，这对于优化废物管理以减少能源消耗和环境污染至关重要。本研究采用微行程法，结合主成分分析和聚类分析，将垃圾收集和运输过程划分为五个运行阶段。考虑到不同的垃圾类型和 C&T 模式，合成了四种垃圾车行驶周期。垃圾车循环的平均速度明显较低，加上空闲时间较长，与标准循环有很大偏差。此外，还采用 OpMode-bin 方法估算了垃圾车循环和标准循环的燃料消耗。结果显示，使用标准循环通常会导致燃料消耗量被低估 20% 至 30%，这凸显了开发特定驾驶循环的必要性，以确保准确量化垃圾车的燃料使用和排放。

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引用次数: 0

Estimating traffic congestion cost uncertainty using a bootstrap scheme 利用自举法估算交通拥堵成本的不确定性

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104462

Eduard Gañan-Cardenas , Diana Carolina Rios-Echeverri , John R. Ballesteros , John W. Branch-Bedoya

This study introduces a bootstrap-based approach to estimate the uncertainty in the total economic cost of congestion (TCC) due to traffic delays. Focusing on Medellín, Colombia, we employed a stratified random sampling plan of road segments to capture real-time traffic data via Google Maps. By integrating a Linear Mixed-Effects model with a nonparametric Bootstrap method, we produced robust hourly delay distributions, which were then used to estimate TCC. Our findings estimate Medellín’s annual congestion cost at approximately USD 375.7 million, with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from USD 348.2 to USD 405.2 million. This range not only quantifies the uncertainty in congestion costs but also provides a benchmark for future comparisons, enabling policymakers to distinguish significant changes from random fluctuations. The results offer critical insights for urban planning, highlighting key road characteristics that could reduce congestion and addressing the variability often overlooked in cost estimates.

本研究介绍了一种基于引导法的方法，用于估算交通延误导致的拥堵总经济成本（TCC）的不确定性。我们以哥伦比亚麦德林为中心，采用分层随机抽样计划，通过谷歌地图获取实时交通数据。通过将线性混合效应模型与非参数 Bootstrap 方法相结合，我们得出了稳健的每小时延误分布，然后将其用于估算 TCC。我们的研究结果估计，麦德林每年的拥堵成本约为 3.757 亿美元，95% 置信区间为 3.482 亿美元至 4.052 亿美元。这一范围不仅量化了拥堵成本的不确定性，还为未来的比较提供了基准，使政策制定者能够区分重大变化和随机波动。这些结果为城市规划提供了重要启示，突出了可减少拥堵的关键道路特征，并解决了成本估算中经常忽略的可变性问题。

引用次数: 0

NOx reduction scenarios under real-world driving conditions for light-duty diesel vehicles 轻型柴油车在实际驾驶条件下的氮氧化物减排方案

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104467

Jisu Park , Yunsung Lim , Sungwook Park

This study analyze analyzes the impact of stringent emissions regulations on future NOx reductions. Using scenario analysis, NOx emissions of diesel light-duty vehicles from 2019 to 2040 are estimated using emission factors from real driving emissions data. The baseline scenario assumes current regulations will be maintained, while other scenarios assess the impact of implementing specific Euro standards as final regulations. If Euro 5 regulations are implemented by 2040, cumulative emissions will increase by 229.1 % compared to the baseline scenario. Implementing Euro 6 a/b/c regulations will increase by 156.2 %, while Euro 6 d-temp and Euro 6 d regulations will increase by 8.4 % and 0.7 %, respectively. These findings highlight the significant contribution of real driving emission test introduced with Euro 6 d-temp to NOx reduction. Furthermore, they indicate that Euro 6 d regulation has already achieved emission levels similar to those of the upcoming Euro 7 regulation.

本研究分析了严格的排放法规对未来氮氧化物减排的影响。通过情景分析，利用实际驾驶排放数据中的排放因子，估算了 2019 年至 2040 年柴油轻型车辆的氮氧化物排放量。基准情景假定现行法规将保持不变，而其他情景则评估作为最终法规实施特定欧洲标准的影响。如果到 2040 年实施欧 5 法规，累计排放量将比基准情景增加 229.1%。实施欧 6 a/b/c 法规将增加 156.2%，而欧 6 d-temp 和欧 6 d 法规将分别增加 8.4% 和 0.7%。这些研究结果凸显了欧 6 d-temp 引入的实际驾驶排放测试对减少氮氧化物的重大贡献。此外，这些结果还表明，欧 6 d 法规已经达到了与即将实施的欧 7 法规类似的排放水平。

引用次数: 0

Has the low sulfur strategy benefited the maritime supply chain? 低硫战略是否有利于海运供应链？

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104448

Zhuzhu Song, Zhongfeng Qin, Tian-Liang Liu

Owing to the IMO 2020 low sulfur regulation, shipping carriers have adopted either very low-sulfur fuels or scrubbers, altering their cost structures and competitiveness. This study examines the regulation’s impact on low sulfur strategies by building game theory model of two carriers under scenarios with and without the regulation. The results reveal that while the regulation can disadvantage shippers, it potentially benefits carriers and fuel suppliers. However, in low-competition contexts, the carrier without slow steaming might struggle due to the low sulfur requirement, thus minimizing shipper losses. The research aims for an equilibrium low sulfur strategy, uncovering that speed does not always enhance market share or profits. Utilizing scrubbers achieves Pareto efficiency, avoiding the prisoner’s dilemma present in other strategies. Furthermore, the optimal equilibrium may enhance maritime supply chain benefits, emphasizing the importance of strategic low sulfur adoption and regulatory compliance for sustainable competitive advantage.

由于国际海事组织制定了 2020 年低硫法规，航运公司纷纷采用极低硫燃料或洗涤器，从而改变了成本结构和竞争力。本研究通过建立两个航运公司在有和没有该法规情况下的博弈论模型，研究了该法规对低硫战略的影响。研究结果表明，虽然该法规对托运人不利，但对承运人和燃料供应商却可能有利。然而，在低竞争环境下，由于低硫要求，没有慢速蒸汽的承运商可能会陷入困境，从而最大限度地减少托运人的损失。这项研究旨在寻求一种均衡的低硫战略，发现速度并不总是能提高市场份额或利润。利用洗涤器可实现帕累托效率，避免其他战略中存在的囚徒困境。此外，最佳平衡可能会提高海运供应链的效益，从而强调了战略性采用低硫和遵守法规对于可持续竞争优势的重要性。

引用次数: 0

Demographic disparity and influences in electric vehicle adoption: A Florida case study 采用电动汽车的人口差异和影响因素：佛罗里达州案例研究

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104465

Ran Tao , Xiankui Yang , Feng Hao , Peng Chen

The mass adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) remains an emerging goal despite existing barriers. Equity issues widely exist, but previous studies have mainly focused on purchase incentives and charging infrastructure. This study employs multinomial logistic mixed (MLM) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to analyze the probability of owning an EV and the willingness to purchase an EV in Florida, respectively. Our analysis indicates significant demographic disparities, with older individuals and females less likely to own Tesla EVs, while Black and Hispanic individuals prefer non-Tesla EVs; social networks and awareness of climate change are crucial in influencing the willingness to adopt EVs. Policy implications drawn from our findings suggest the need for targeted marketing and financial incentives to address demographic disparities, the expansion of social network influence to drive adoption, and increased awareness and accessibility of EV-related policies and infrastructure to promote a more equitable transition to electric mobility.

尽管存在各种障碍，但大规模采用电动汽车（EV）仍是一个新兴目标。公平问题普遍存在，但以往的研究主要集中在购买激励措施和充电基础设施方面。本研究采用多叉逻辑混合模型（MLM）和广义线性混合模型（GLMM）分别分析了佛罗里达州拥有电动汽车的概率和购买电动汽车的意愿。我们的分析表明，人口结构存在明显差异，老年人和女性不太可能拥有特斯拉电动汽车，而黑人和西班牙裔人则更喜欢非特斯拉电动汽车；社会网络和气候变化意识对采用电动汽车的意愿有着至关重要的影响。从我们的研究结果中得出的政策含义表明，需要有针对性的营销和经济激励措施来解决人口差异问题，扩大社交网络的影响力以推动电动汽车的采用，并提高对电动汽车相关政策和基础设施的认识和可及性，以促进向电动交通更公平的过渡。

引用次数: 0

Decarbonising Swedish maritime transport: Scenario analyses of climate policy instruments 瑞典海运去碳化：气候政策工具的情景分析

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104457

Lina Trosvik , Selma Brynolf

To analyse the future transition towards fossil-free fuels in the Swedish maritime transport sector, this study develops a scenario modelling tool to assess implications of policy instruments, such as the European Union Emissions Trading System and the FuelEU Maritime regulation. Using data for individual ships and their operational patterns, the model estimates the lowest-cost fuel option for shipowners in different scenarios and calculates the resulting annual fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Scenario analyses indicate that policy instruments have the potential to affect shipowners’ investment choices, but that relatively strong price signals are required for significant effects to arise. Battery-electric propulsion is most common for passenger ferries, ropax ships, and small passenger cruises, while fishing vessels and service ships typically choose conventional fuels across all scenarios. Choices are found to vary between ship segments and scenarios, emphasising the need to consider ship-specific data when analysing effects of policy instruments.

为了分析瑞典海运业未来向无化石燃料过渡的情况，本研究开发了一种情景建模工具，用于评估欧盟排放交易体系和 FuelEU Maritime 法规等政策工具的影响。该模型利用单艘船舶及其运营模式的数据，估算了不同情景下船东的最低成本燃料选择，并计算了由此产生的年燃料消耗量和温室气体排放量。情景分析表明，政策工具有可能影响船东的投资选择，但需要相对较强的价格信号才能产生显著效果。电池电力推进在客渡船、滚装船和小型客轮中最为常见，而渔船和服务船在所有情景中通常选择传统燃料。不同船型和不同情景下的选择各不相同，这强调了在分析政策工具的效果时需要考虑船舶的具体数据。

引用次数: 0

Enhancing transit-oriented development sustainability through the integrated node-place-ecology (NPE) model 通过节点-空间-生态（NPE）综合模式增强公交导向开发的可持续性

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104456

Weiyao Yang , Qian Xu , Shengao Yi , Ravi Shankar , Tianyi Chen

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) offers a strategic approach to enhance urban environmental sustainability. The node-place model, which is a classic analytical framework within the TOD typology, forms a foundation for evaluating TOD effectiveness. However, this model has been critiqued for its limited adaptability and static nature. This study seeks to bridge these gaps by presenting a novel, timeline-based node-place-ecology (NPE) model, integrating K-means clustering and Sustainable Development Line (SDL) testing to evaluate the sustainability progress of 96 TOD stations from 2011 to 2019. Results indicate that over the span of eight years, the 96 stations within the Tokyo metropolitan area have generally exhibited a positive trend. Additionally, we observed an increasing trend of monopolization in the node, place, and ecology dimensions at the stations located in the metropolitan center. This study underscores the necessity for dynamic TOD models in urban planning, offering insights into the sustainable evolution of transit hubs.

以公交为导向的发展（TOD）为提高城市环境的可持续性提供了一种战略方法。节点-地点模型是 TOD 类型中的经典分析框架，是评估 TOD 效果的基础。然而，这一模型因其有限的适应性和静态性而受到批评。本研究试图弥补这些不足，提出了一种新颖的、基于时间线的节点-地点-生态（NPE）模型，整合了 K 均值聚类和可持续发展线（SDL）测试，以评估 2011 年至 2019 年期间 96 个 TOD 站点的可持续发展进展。结果表明，在八年的时间里，东京都区内的 96 个车站总体上呈现出积极的发展趋势。此外，我们还观察到，位于大都市中心的车站在节点、地点和生态维度上的垄断性呈上升趋势。这项研究强调了城市规划中动态 TOD 模型的必要性，为公交枢纽的可持续发展提供了启示。

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