Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment最新文献

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Developing high-precision battery electric forklift driving cycle with variable cargo weight 开发货物重量可变的高精度电池电动叉车驱动循环系统

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104443

Driving cycles are essential for assessing vehicle energy demand, estimating driving range, and evaluating environmental impacts. Numerous driving cycles have been developed for passenger cars and buses. However, tailored driving cycles for logistics vehicles, especially forklifts, remains limited. Therefore, we introduce high-precision driving cycles for battery electric forklifts, which include profiles of velocity and cargo mass. The construction of driving cycles involves route selection, data acquisition, micro-trip segmentation, characteristic parameters selection, driving pattern categorization, transition probability matrix development, and driving cycle construction and evaluation. The methods proposed for constructing driving cycles are based on Markov Chain, Micro-trips combinations, and genetic algorithms. The constructed driving cycles are evaluated using relative error analysis and a simulation model. The results confirm that these cycles accurately reflect actual forklift operations and can be utilized to estimate their energy consumption.

驾驶循环对评估车辆能源需求、估计行驶里程和评价环境影响至关重要。目前已为乘用车和公交车开发了大量驾驶循环。然而，为物流车辆（尤其是叉车）量身定制的驾驶循环仍很有限。因此，我们为电池电动叉车引入了高精度驾驶循环，其中包括速度和货物质量曲线。驾驶循环的构建包括路线选择、数据采集、微行程分割、特征参数选择、驾驶模式分类、过渡概率矩阵开发以及驾驶循环的构建和评估。所提出的构建行驶循环的方法基于马尔可夫链、微行程组合和遗传算法。利用相对误差分析和模拟模型对构建的驾驶循环进行了评估。结果证实，这些循环准确地反映了叉车的实际操作，并可用于估算其能耗。

引用次数: 0

Automated vehicles and the urban parking paradigm: Environmental implications and Citizen preference 自动驾驶汽车与城市停车模式：环境影响和市民偏好

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104437

This study examines parking decisions in a future populated by automated vehicles (AVs), focusing on their energy implications. Using a multinomial logit model, preferences among cruising, garage parking, sending the AV home, and on-street parking in Santander, Spain, were evaluated. Home sending emerged as the favourite (52%) for its convenience, while garage parking was chosen by 36%, valued for security and environmental benefits. Cruising was least popular (6%), deterred by environmental concerns. Integrating survey data with traffic simulations, the research uncovered that cruising, despite its low preference, accounted for 16% of energy consumption due to empty trips. Surprisingly, sending AVs home, despite being the most popular, led to significant energy use, although it maintained a good consumption ratio. Garage parking, especially when located on city outskirts, was also inefficient. The study highlights the urgent need for strategies to mitigate inefficient parking behaviours, thereby enhancing the sustainability of AV-driven mobility.

本研究探讨了未来自动驾驶汽车（AV）的停车决策，重点关注其对能源的影响。利用多叉 logit 模型，对西班牙桑坦德市的巡游、车库停车、将自动驾驶汽车送回家和路边停车之间的偏好进行了评估。送车回家因其便利性而成为最受欢迎的选择（52%），而车库停车因其安全性和环保性而受到 36% 的青睐。巡游停车最不受欢迎（6%），因为环境问题而望而却步。通过将调查数据与交通模拟相结合，研究发现，尽管巡游的受欢迎程度较低，但空载出行却占到了能源消耗的 16%。令人惊讶的是，尽管送自动驾驶汽车回家最受欢迎，但也导致了大量的能源消耗，尽管它保持了良好的能耗比。车库停车，尤其是位于城市郊区的车库停车，效率也不高。这项研究强调，迫切需要制定战略来减少低效的停车行为，从而提高以自动驾驶汽车为驱动的交通的可持续性。

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Mitigating child exposure to traffic-related air pollution on the school commute: Views of parents and teachers in England 减少儿童在上下学途中受到与交通有关的空气污染的影响：英格兰家长和教师的观点

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104454

Children are particularly vulnerable to the adverse health effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) due to their developing physiologies. A survey was distributed to schools in England for completion by parents and teachers. The survey examined perceptions of TRAP on the school commute and assessed views on potential interventions for reducing exposure. 76.7% of parents and 75.8% of teachers were concerned about TRAP at their school. The most common cause for concern was school proximity to a busy road (44.2% parents and 42.5% teachers).

Active travel was the most common measure already undertaken. The biggest obstacles to reducing school TRAP were driving convenience, school proximity to busy roads, and lack of parental support. Parents and teachers considered local authorities most responsible for improving school TRAP. Active travel was a popular and desirable intervention for reducing potential child exposure, and parental education on this and related topics were also desirable.

由于生理发育阶段，儿童特别容易受到交通相关空气污染（TRAP）对健康的不良影响。我们向英格兰的学校发放了一份调查问卷，供家长和教师填写。该调查研究了上下学途中对与交通有关的空气污染的看法，并评估了对减少接触的潜在干预措施的意见。76.7%的家长和75.8%的教师对学校中的TRAP表示担忧。最常见的担忧原因是学校靠近繁忙的道路（44.2% 的家长和 42.5% 的教师）。减少学校 TRAP 的最大障碍是驾驶方便、学校靠近繁忙道路以及缺乏家长支持。家长和教师认为，地方政府对改善学校 TRAP 负有最大责任。积极出行是减少儿童潜在交通风险的受欢迎和理想的干预措施，家长在这方面和相关主题上的教育也很可取。

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Reexamining exposure from truck emissions considering daily movement of individuals 考虑到人员的日常流动，重新审查卡车排放物的暴露情况

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104441

With the growing demand for urban freight transportation, trucks emit a large amount of pollutants such as particulate matters and nitrogen oxides, increasingly affecting public health. This study establishes a modelized air dispersion structure to simulate pollutant concentration distribution. By integrating multiple data sources including mobile phone signals and satellite images, we reconstruct the daily trajectories of individuals and further incorporate simulated pollution concentrations in calculating dynamic and static exposure of individuals to truck emissions. Econometric models considering spatial dependence are developed to evaluate the influencing factors and elucidate the mechanisms of pollutant exposure. Results show factors including freight demand, road network, residential and employment locations, personal commuting distance, and population age structure matter in assessing truck emission exposure. As a result, a mixture of vehicular emission standards, urban traffic control, land planning, and industrial policies is proposed to reduce truck pollutant exposure and safeguard public health.

随着城市货运需求的不断增长，卡车排放出大量的颗粒物和氮氧化物等污染物，对公众健康的影响日益严重。本研究建立了模型化空气扩散结构，以模拟污染物浓度分布。通过整合手机信号和卫星图像等多种数据源，我们重建了个体的日常轨迹，并进一步结合模拟的污染浓度，计算个体在卡车排放中的动态和静态暴露。我们建立了考虑空间依赖性的计量经济模型，以评估影响因素并阐明污染物暴露的机制。结果表明，货运需求、道路网络、居住和就业地点、个人通勤距离和人口年龄结构等因素对评估卡车排放暴露至关重要。因此，建议将车辆排放标准、城市交通管制、土地规划和产业政策结合起来，以减少卡车污染物暴露，保障公众健康。

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Evaluating eco-economic benefits of anchoring and drifting under government sulfur emission policies 评估政府硫排放政策下锚定和漂移的生态经济效益

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104442

Driven by global sulphur strategy, reducing sulfur emissions from the global shipping industry is of great significance for achieving sustainable development goals related to addressing climate change. This study explores the impact of government sulfur emission policies on the choice of mooring modes, include anchoring and drifting, for shipping lines. In this study, a bi-level programming model is constructed and linearized to minimize the total vessel emissions in emission control areas during the planning horizon and the total cost of each type of vessel. The leader of this model is the department that issues regulations and decides on the anchorage to regulate whether marine gas oil must be used. The followers are the shipping lines that execute transportation tasks and choose whether a vessel will anchor or drift. In addition, many numerical experiments and sensitivity analysis are conducted, and data and theoretical support for relevant decision-making are provided.

在全球硫战略的推动下，减少全球航运业的硫排放对实现应对气候变化的可持续发展目标具有重要意义。本研究探讨了政府硫排放政策对航运公司选择锚泊和漂流等系泊模式的影响。本研究构建了一个双级编程模型，并将其线性化，以最小化规划期内排放控制区的船舶排放总量和每种类型船舶的总成本。该模型的领导者是发布法规和决定锚地的部门，以规范是否必须使用船用燃气油。追随者是执行运输任务的航运公司，他们选择船只是锚泊还是漂流。此外，还进行了许多数值实验和敏感性分析，为相关决策提供了数据和理论支持。

引用次数: 0

Transmuting battery-powered buses: State-of-charge scheduling cooperative with battery and charger capacity optimization 转换电池驱动的公共汽车：充电状态调度与电池和充电器容量优化的合作

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104436

Transitioning toward non-polluted public transportation systems is crucial for sustainability. Although declining battery costs have led to a greater utilization of battery-powered electric buses (BEBs), challenges persist owing to the high cost of chargers and battery energy limitations, which require efficient solutions. Therefore, this study proposed a novel offline state-of-charge scheduling method that focuses on optimizing battery and charger capacities. To make this study applicable to any city, a precise bus dynamic model was developed, and all evaluations were conducted using data commonly available in the cities. To validate the optimization, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to represent the effects of the factors involved. Moreover, to investigate the differences between the utility service and depot owner perspectives, the city’s and synthetic electricity tariffs were employed for scheduling, which differ in covering the city’s daily load profile valleys. This measure is crucial when the BEB demand is not considered in generation.

向无污染的公共交通系统过渡对于可持续发展至关重要。虽然电池成本的下降使得电池驱动电动公交车（BEB）的使用率不断提高，但由于充电器成本高昂和电池能量有限，挑战依然存在，这就需要高效的解决方案。因此，本研究提出了一种新颖的离线充电状态调度方法，重点是优化电池和充电器的容量。为了使这项研究适用于任何城市，我们开发了一个精确的公共汽车动态模型，并使用城市中常见的数据进行了所有评估。为了验证优化结果，还进行了敏感性分析，以体现相关因素的影响。此外，为了研究公用事业服务和车厂业主观点之间的差异，在调度时采用了城市电价和合成电价，这两种电价在覆盖城市日负荷曲线谷值方面存在差异。在发电过程中不考虑 BEB 需求时，这一措施至关重要。

引用次数: 0

Nonlinear associations between design, land-use features, and active travel 设计、土地使用特征与积极出行之间的非线性关系

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104440

The nonlinearity correlations of design and land-use features with active travel (AT) are yet to be systematically identified by recent studies. This study aims to apply the extreme gradient boosting approach to examine the nonlinear relationships between design and land-use built environment (BE) features and AT. Based on a comprehensive travel survey in Wuhan’s main agglomeration with various land use and urban functions, we collected 2073 valid samples to obtain residents’ daily travel patterns and socio-demographic attributes. We found that all BE features have nonlinear relationships with AT. The collective relative importance of design features has greater predictive power for AT than land-use features. The most effective range of high contributions of street connectivity and street greenery was 21–34/km² and 0.22–0.34, respectively. Planners should improve the street-level features and build dense, diverse land use and high street connectivity urban environments to promote AT activity.

设计和土地利用特征与主动出行（AT）的非线性相关性尚未被近期的研究系统识别。本研究旨在应用极端梯度提升方法来研究设计和土地利用建筑环境（BE）特征与主动出行之间的非线性关系。基于对武汉市主要城市群的各种土地利用和城市功能的全面出行调查，我们收集了 2073 个有效样本，以获得居民的日常出行模式和社会人口属性。我们发现，所有建筑设计特征都与交通流量存在非线性关系。与土地利用特征相比，设计特征的集体相对重要性对交通流量的预测能力更强。街道连通性和街道绿化的高贡献最有效范围分别为 21-34/km2 和 0.22-0.34。规划者应改善街道层面的特征，建设密集、多样化的土地利用和高街道连通性的城市环境，以促进人们的自闭症活动。

引用次数: 0

Recycling red mud for low-carbon pavement: Performance evaluation and environment risk assessment 回收赤泥用于低碳路面：性能评价和环境风险评估

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104428

This study investigates the use of red mud as a substitute in grouting materials to reduce energy consumption and emissions in semi-flexible pavements (SFP). The pavement performance of SFPs constructed with various alkali-activated grouting materials was experimentally validated and investigated. Life cycle assessment (LCA) highlighted that red mud significantly lowers energy use and environmental impact of SFP. Ecotoxicological assessments confirmed that red mud is safe for use in pavement applications, posing no significant hazards even under traffic and rainfall conditions. Surface treatments for low-carbon SFP were recommended to enhance skid resistance and ecological safety. Microscopic analysis revealed that replacing cement with red mud improves the bonding interface in SFPs. This research validates the potential of recycling solid waste in SFPs, contributing to the development of low-carbon construction materials while addressing environmental impact in pavement engineering.

本研究探讨了使用赤泥作为灌浆材料的替代品，以降低半柔性路面（SFP）的能耗和排放。实验验证并调查了使用各种碱激活灌浆材料建造的半柔性路面的路面性能。生命周期评估（LCA）表明，赤泥可显著降低半柔性路面的能耗和对环境的影响。生态毒理学评估证实，在路面应用中使用赤泥是安全的，即使在交通和降雨条件下也不会造成重大危害。建议对低碳 SFP 进行表面处理，以提高防滑性和生态安全性。显微分析表明，用赤泥替代水泥可改善 SFP 的粘合界面。这项研究验证了在 SFP 中回收利用固体废弃物的潜力，有助于开发低碳建筑材料，同时解决路面工程中的环境影响问题。

引用次数: 0

Port energy demand model for implementing onshore power supply and alternative fuels 实施陆上供电和替代燃料的港口能源需求模型

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104432

A feasibility study was conducted on the energy and peak power demand of ships for utilising the Onshore Power Supply (OPS) and transitioning to using alternative fuels. The port of Plymouth was adopted as a case study. Four types of ships, Ro-Pax, Tanker, Bulk Carrier and General Cargo, were in operation at the port. A representative vessel was selected for each ship type to simulate the average ship’s cargo capacity and engine power. One year of real port operations, including material handling equipment and trucks, were simulated. The peak power and annual energy demand for the OPS system were calculated to be 5.95 MW and 7.1 GWh, respectively. Implementing an OPS system saved 83.6 % of total CO₂. Fuel volumes were calculated for conventional and alternative fuels, the volume of liquid hydrogen was around 3.5 times that of the conventional fuel, whereas methanol required less mass and volume than ammonia and hydrogen.

对船舶利用岸上供电系统（OPS）和过渡到使用替代燃料的能源和峰值电力需求进行了可行性研究。研究以普利茅斯港为案例。港口有四种类型的船舶在运营，分别是滚装客船、油轮、散货船和普通货船。每种类型的船舶都选择了一艘具有代表性的船舶，以模拟船舶的平均载货能力和发动机功率。模拟了港口一年的实际运营情况，包括物料装卸设备和卡车。经计算，OPS 系统的峰值功率和年能源需求分别为 5.95 兆瓦和 7.1 千兆瓦时。实施 OPS 系统可节省 83.6% 的二氧化碳总量。对传统燃料和替代燃料的燃料体积进行了计算，液氢的体积约为传统燃料的 3.5 倍，而甲醇所需的质量和体积均小于氨和氢。

引用次数: 0

Growing disparities in transportation noise exposure across major US cities over time 随着时间的推移，美国各大城市交通噪声暴露的差距越来越大

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104430

This study offers a comprehensive assessment of the dynamic changes in transportation-related noise exposure among six racial-ethnic groups across 31 metropolitan divisions in the United States. Our findings indicate that the variation in noise exposure within cities significantly surpasses variation between cities. Moreover, population-weighted transportation noise exposures have increased from 2016 to 2020, particularly for minority racial-ethnic groups. Asians, Native Americans, and Pacific Islanders experience the most pronounced disparities in noise exposures. The disparity becomes even more acute in high noise conditions (exceeding 65 dB), with all minor racial-ethnic groups facing higher-than-average noise exposures. Our study highlights the increasing significance of transportation noise exposure in US cities, with a disproportionately adverse impact on minority racial-ethnic groups. These findings underscore the critical need to address the unequal exposure to transportation noise experienced by vulnerable populations.

本研究全面评估了美国 31 个大都市分区的六个种族-民族群体在与交通相关的噪声暴露方面的动态变化。我们的研究结果表明，城市内部噪声暴露的变化大大超过了城市之间的变化。此外，从 2016 年到 2020 年，人口加权的交通噪声暴露量有所增加，尤其是少数种族族裔群体。亚洲人、美国原住民和太平洋岛民在噪声暴露方面的差异最为明显。在高噪声条件下（超过 65 分贝），这种差距变得更加严重，所有少数种族-民族群体都面临着高于平均水平的噪声暴露。我们的研究凸显了美国城市交通噪声暴露日益严重的问题，对少数种族群体的不利影响尤为突出。这些研究结果突出表明，亟需解决弱势群体在交通噪声暴露方面的不平等问题。

引用次数: 0

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