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Azaspiracid-59 accumulation and transformation in mussels (Mytilus edulis) after feeding with Azadinium poporum (Dinophyceae) 贻贝(Mytilus edulis)在摄食 Azadinium poporum(Dinophyceae)后体内 Azaspiracid-59 的积累和转化。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108152
Bernd Krock , Elizabeth M. Mudge , Annegret Müller , Stefanie Meyer , Jan Tebben , Pearse McCarron , Doris Abele , Urban Tillmann
Azaspiracid-59 (AZA-59) was detected in plankton in coastal waters of the Pacific Northwest USA. Given that bivalves metabolize and transform accumulated phycotoxins, a strain of Azadinium poporum isolated from the coast of Washington State that is a known producer of AZA-59 was used in a controlled feeding experiment with mussels (Mytilus edulis) to assess AZA-59 accumulation rates and transformation into shellfish metabolites. Mussels started feeding immediately after the addition of A. poporum. Mussels were generally healthy during the entire experimental exposure of 18 days with prevailingly high rates of clearance (approx. 100 mL per mussel per hour) and ingestion. Mussels were extracted after different exposure times and were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry. In the course of the experiment a number of putative AZA-59 metabolites were detected including hydroxyl and carboxy analogues that corresponded with previously reported mussel metabolites of AZA-1. A significant formation of 3-OH fatty acid acyl esters relative to free AZAs was observed through the time course of the study, with numerous fatty acid ester variants of AZA-59 confirmed. These results illustrate the potential for metabolism of AZA-59 in shellfish and provide important information for local AZA monitoring and toxicity testing along the Northern Pacific US coast.
在美国西北太平洋沿岸水域的浮游生物中检测到了 Azaspiracid-59 (AZA-59)。鉴于双壳贝类会代谢和转化积累的藻类毒素,因此在一项与贻贝(Mytilus edulis)的控制性喂食实验中,使用了从华盛顿州海岸分离出来的一株已知会产生 AZA-59 的 Azadinium poporum,以评估 AZA-59 的积累率和转化为贝类代谢物的情况。添加 A. poporum 后,贻贝立即开始摄食。在整个 18 天的实验暴露期间,贻贝总体上都很健康,清除率(每只贻贝每小时约 100 毫升)和摄食率都很高。贻贝在不同的暴露时间后被提取出来,并通过液相色谱法结合低分辨率和高分辨率质谱法进行分析。在实验过程中,检测到了许多 AZA-59 的推定代谢物,包括羟基和羧基类似物,这些类似物与之前报道的 AZA-1 的贻贝代谢物相对应。在整个研究过程中,观察到 3-OH 脂肪酸酰基酯的形成明显多于游离的 AZA,AZA-59 的许多脂肪酸酯变体也得到了证实。这些结果说明了 AZA59 在贝类中的代谢潜力,并为美国北太平洋沿岸当地的 AZA 监测和毒性测试提供了重要信息。
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引用次数: 0
First data on tetrodotoxins in Cephalothrix mokievskii (palaeonemertea, nemertea) and possible involvement OF POISONOUS nemerteans in toxification of marine bioresources 关于 Cephalothrix mokievskii(古啮齿目,啮齿目)中河豚毒素的首次数据以及有毒啮齿目动物可能参与海洋生物资源中毒的情况
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108155
Grigorii V. Malykin, Peter V. Velansky, Timur Yu Magarlamov
We for the first time have recorded the presence of TTX and 11 of its analogues (TTXs) and determined the profile of these toxins by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in Cephalothrix mokievskii, collected off the coast of Sakhalin Island and also revealed differences in the TTXs profile between C. mokievskii and sibling Cephalothrix cf, simula. We discuss the features of the TTXs profile in C. mokievskii, geographical distribution of TTX-containing nemerteans and its possible implication for toxification of marine bioresources.
我们首次通过高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)记录了在萨哈林岛沿海采集的 Cephalothrix mokievskii 中存在的 TTX 及其 11 种类似物(TTXs),并确定了这些毒素的特征,同时还揭示了 Cephalothrix mokievskii 与同胞 Cephalothrix cf, simula 之间 TTXs 特征的差异。我们讨论了 C. mokievskii 的 TTXs 特征、含 TTX 的无脊椎动物的地理分布及其对海洋生物资源毒性的可能影响。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of 44-methylgambierone reactivity with periodate: Structural reassignment, solvent instability and formation of a furanoid analogue 研究 44-甲基甘比龙与高碘酸盐的反应性:结构重定向、溶剂不稳定性和呋喃类似物的形成
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108154
Elizabeth M. Mudge , Alistair L. Wilkins , J. Sam Murray , Frode Rise , Christopher O. Miles
Gambierones are sulfated polyethers produced by benthic dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus, Coolia and Fukuyoa. While relative toxicity data for gambierones suggests they are low compared with ciguatoxin analogues, gambierones have been suggested for use as marker compounds for environmental monitoring programs for the presence of Gambierdiscus in marine waters. The published structure of gambierone and analogues of it, including 44-methylgambierone (44-MeGAM), have been reported to possess 1,2- and 4,5-cis diols, while only the 1,2- diol unit has been shown to undergo periodate oxidation. An in-depth analysis of previously reported NMR data for 44-MeGAM in CD3OD showed that the C-4 stereochemistry of 44-MeGAM and other gamberiones was mis-assigned, that the 4-CH2-CHOH-CH2OH and OH groups are equatorially and axially oriented, respectively, rather than vice versa as previously reported. This re-examination of existing 44-MeGAM NMR data also showed that its C-12 and C-13 assignments (and those for other gambierones) should be reversed. In an effort to better understand the C-4 stereochemical and periodate reaction characteristics of gambierones (C-4 is an epimerizable hemiacetal carbon), additional NMR data was acquired in D6-DMSO. Unexpectedly, progressive conversion of 44-MeGAM to a long-term stable ring-A furanoid analogue was observed. A subsequent series of microscale stability trials identified several solvents that affected the solution-stability of 44-MeGAM, and these findings should be taken into consideration during isolation, handling, storage and bioassay evaluations of gambierones in future studies.
冈比埃隆是由冈比埃迪斯克斯属、酷利亚属和福尤亚属的底栖甲藻产生的硫酸化聚醚。虽然与雪卡毒素类似物相比,冈比埃隆的相对毒性较低,但有人建议将冈比埃隆用作环境监测计划的标记化合物,以确定海洋水域中是否存在冈比狄斯藻。据报道,已公布的甘比耶酮及其类似物(包括 44-甲基甘比耶酮(44-MeGAM))的结构具有 1,2- 和 4,5- 顺式二醇,而只有 1,2- 二醇单元被证明会发生高碘酸盐氧化。对之前报道的 44-MeGAM 在 CD3OD 中的核磁共振数据进行深入分析后发现,44-MeGAM 和其他甘比二酮的 C-4 立体化学结构被错误地指定,4-CH2-CHOH-CH2OH 和 OH 基团分别呈赤道和轴向,而不是之前报道的反向。对现有 44-MeGAM NMR 数据的重新研究还表明,它的 C-12 和 C-13 定义(以及其他甘珀酮的定义)应该颠倒过来。为了更好地了解甘珀酸酮的 C-4 立体化学特征和高碘酸反应特征(C-4 是一个可表聚的半缩醛碳),我们在 D6-DMSO 中获取了更多核磁共振数据。意外的是,我们观察到 44-MeGAM 逐渐转化为长期稳定的环-A 呋喃类似物。随后进行的一系列微观稳定性试验确定了影响 44-MeGAM 溶液稳定性的几种溶剂,在今后的研究中,在对甘草酮进行分离、处理、储存和生物测定评估时应考虑到这些发现。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicological assessment of the aqueous extract of Juniperus oxycedrus L. on acute and subacute toxicities in rats 杜松水提取物对大鼠急性和亚急性毒性的毒理学评估。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108150
Ouafa Amrani , Mohamed Marghich , Ahmed Karim , Hassane Mekhfi , Abderrahim Ziyyat , Mohammed Aziz
Juniperus oxycedrus L. (J. oxycedrus) has a rich historical background in herbal remedies to treating digestive system abnormalities. However, no comprehensive evaluation of its potential toxic effects has been conducted. The current investigation aimed to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of an aqueous extract of J. oxycedrus (AEJO). AEJO was prepared by the conventional Moroccan methods by decoction the arial part of the plant. The acute and subacute toxicity tests were conducted in mice and rats, respectively. Acute toxicity tests showed that the extract was not toxic even at high doses of 5000 mg/kg. In the subacute study, no detectable indications of toxicity or mortality were observed and there were no notable deviations in food intake or water consumption among all rats. However, changes in body weight of animals treated with 1000 and 2000 mg/kg underwent a significant decrease. AEJO administration decreased platelet number, elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, and reduced albumin levels. Histological examination revealed normal renal parenchyma despite increased creatinine. It also showed binucleation, and hepatocyte vacuolation. The results indicate that AEJO has considerable tolerance for consumption, but repeated use can affect hepatocytes and kidneys. Therefore, additional analyses, such as subchronic, chronic, and neurotoxic studies, are required before using this plant in clinical research.
杜松(Juniperus oxycedrus L.)在治疗消化系统异常的草药疗法中有着丰富的历史背景。然而,尚未对其潜在的毒性作用进行过全面评估。本次调查旨在评估土荆皮水提取物(AEJO)的急性和亚急性毒性。AEJO 采用摩洛哥传统方法,通过煎煮植物的芳香部分制备而成。分别在小鼠和大鼠身上进行了急性和亚急性毒性试验。急性毒性试验表明,即使在 5000 毫克/千克的高剂量下,提取物也不会产生毒性。在亚急性研究中,没有观察到毒性或死亡迹象,所有大鼠的进食量和饮水量也没有明显偏差。不过,1000 毫克/千克和 2000 毫克/千克剂量下的动物体重出现了显著下降。服用 AEJO 会减少血小板数量,升高丙氨酸氨基转移酶和碱性磷酸酶水平,降低白蛋白水平。组织学检查显示,尽管肌酐升高,但肾实质正常。它还显示了双核和肝细胞空泡化。结果表明,AEJO 的耐受性很强,但反复使用会影响肝细胞和肾脏。因此,在将这种植物用于临床研究之前,需要进行更多的分析,如亚慢性、慢性和神经毒性研究。
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引用次数: 0
Aflatoxins in cereal based products-an overview of occurrence, detection and health implication 谷物产品中的黄曲霉毒素--发生、检测和健康影响概述。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108148
Mumtahin-ul Kousar , Mifftha Yaseen , Monisa Yousouf , Mudasir Ahmad Malik , Aarizoo Mushtaq , Taha Mukhtar , Rifat Javaid , Anam Aijaz , Abida Jabeen , Tawheed Amin
Aflatoxins are naturally produced toxins by specific molds, namely Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These toxins can be found in various agricultural products, including crops like maize, peanuts, cottonseed, and tree nuts. They have the potential to contaminate the food supply during different stages of production, processing, and storage. Aflatoxin is a very poisonous substance that has been linked to adverse health effects in both humans and animals. It is essential to detect and monitor aflatoxins to ensure the safety of food. Efficient and precise analytical techniques, such as chromatography and immunoassays, have been used to accurately measure the levels of aflatoxins in different substances. Regulatory bodies and worldwide associations have determined maximum permissible limits for aflatoxins in food and nourishment products to protect the well-being of the general public. Effectively addressing aflatoxin contamination necessitates a comprehensive approach that encompasses various strategies in agriculture, post-harvest practices, and regulatory measures. Continuous research and collaborative endeavors are crucial in order to minimize aflatoxin exposure and mitigate the associated risks. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the presence, health consequences, and elimination techniques associated with aflatoxins.
黄曲霉毒素是由特定霉菌(即黄曲霉和寄生曲霉)自然产生的毒素。这些毒素存在于各种农产品中,包括玉米、花生、棉籽和坚果等作物。它们有可能在生产、加工和储存的不同阶段污染食品供应。黄曲霉毒素是一种剧毒物质,对人类和动物的健康都有不良影响。检测和监测黄曲霉毒素对确保食品安全至关重要。高效、精确的分析技术,如色谱法和免疫测定法,已被用于精确测量不同物质中的黄曲霉毒素含量。监管机构和世界性协会已经确定了食品和营养品中黄曲霉毒素的最高允许限量,以保护公众的健康。要有效解决黄曲霉毒素污染问题,就必须采取全面的方法,包括农业、收获后做法和监管措施方面的各种战略。为了最大限度地减少黄曲霉毒素的接触并降低相关风险,持续的研究和合作努力至关重要。本综述全面探讨了黄曲霉毒素的存在、对健康的影响以及消除黄曲霉毒素的相关技术。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Lepidium meyenii (Maca) polysaccharides mitigate liver toxicity of aflatoxin B1 through activation of NRF-2/GPX and AhR/STAT3 signaling pathways” [Toxicon, 250 (2024) 108117] 通过激活 NRF-2/GPX 和 AhR/STAT3 信号通路减轻黄曲霉毒素 B1 对肝脏的毒性》[《毒物学》,250 (2024) 108117]更正。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108131
Jing Zhang , Zhen Peng , Dong Cheng , Wenhuan Yao , Hui Li , Qi Zhang , Ruisen Guo , Kunyan Li , Longrui Zou , Jia-Sheng Wang , Qiang Jia , Tianliang Zhang , Jun Zhou
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引用次数: 0
Detection and quantification of Amatoxin in wild mushrooms from North-East India using HPLC-PDA method for food safety purposes 利用高效液相色谱-PDA 法检测和定量印度东北部野生蘑菇中的天门冬酰胺毒素,以保障食品安全。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108134
C. David Malsawmtluanga, J. Lalbiaknunga, Lalawmpuia, C. Laldinkima
Misidentification and ingestion of poisonous mushrooms pose significant threats to food safety, particularly in Mizoram, India, where over ten fatalities due to mushroom poisoning have been reported in the past decade (2013–2023). This study aimed to address this critical issue by identifying and quantifying the cause of death due to consumption of wild mushroom from Champhai district, Mizoram, India and to test the reliability of HPLC-PDA for detection and quantification of amatoxins. HPLC-PDA confirmed the presence of α-amanitin in Amanita virosa and Amanita bisporigera in the samples. α-amanitin is a water-soluble, heat-stable, and highly toxic cyclic octapeptide present in the genus Amanita, which includes Amanita phalloides, Amanita verna, and Amanita virosa. Amanitin cytotoxicity arises from the inhibition of RNA polymerases, namely RNA polymerase II, which obstructs mRNA production in kidney and liver cells. Validation of the method demonstrated good precision and accuracy, with LOD and LOQ values of 88 ng g−1 and 210 ng g−1, respectively. The method was successfully applied to quantify α-amanitin in ten wild mushroom samples, revealing its presence only in Amanita virosa (1.17 mg g−1) and Amanita bisporigera (1.91 mg g−1) species. These findings underscore the importance of accurate α-amanitin detection methods in ensuring food safety and public health, particularly in regions prone to mushroom poisoning incidents. It is noteworthy that this study marks the initial exploration for detection and quantification of α-amanitin from poisonous mushrooms found in the wild regions of Champhai district in Mizoram, representing the first report of such in the area.
误食毒蘑菇对食品安全构成重大威胁,尤其是在印度米佐拉姆邦,在过去十年(2013-2023 年)中已报告了十余起因蘑菇中毒导致的死亡事故。本研究旨在通过确定和量化食用印度米佐拉姆邦 Champhai 地区野生蘑菇导致死亡的原因,并测试 HPLC-PDA 检测和量化金曲霉毒素的可靠性,从而解决这一关键问题。α-amanitin是一种水溶性、热稳定的高毒性环状八肽,存在于天南星属(包括Amanita phalloides、Amanita verna和Amanita virosa)中。鹅膏蕈素的细胞毒性来自于对 RNA 聚合酶(即 RNA 聚合酶 II)的抑制,从而阻碍肾脏和肝脏细胞中 mRNA 的产生。该方法具有良好的精密度和准确度,最低检出限(LOD)为88 ng g-1,最低定量限(LOQ)为210 ng g-1。该方法被成功地用于定量检测十种野生蘑菇样品中的α-amanitin,结果显示只有紫蘑菇(1.17 mg g-1)和双孢蘑菇(1.91 mg g-1)中含有α-amanitin。这些发现强调了准确的 α-amanitin 检测方法在确保食品安全和公共卫生方面的重要性,尤其是在易发生蘑菇中毒事件的地区。值得注意的是,这项研究标志着在米佐拉姆邦 Champhai 地区野生毒蘑菇中检测和定量α-amanitin 的初步探索,这也是该地区首次报告此类情况。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of isolation and concentration of the common freshwater cyanobacterial toxins ATX-a, CYN and MC-LR using standard techniques, optimization of cyanobacteria growth 利用标准技术优化常见淡水蓝藻毒素 ATX-a、CYN 和 MC-LR 的分离和浓度,优化蓝藻生长。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108137
Saravana Kumar Selvaraj , Bartosz Lelito , Michal Adamski , Ariel Kaminski
Some of the most commonly identified freshwater toxins are anatoxin-a (ATX-a), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), and microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The aim of this paper was to compare different methods of extracting and concentrating these cyanotoxins and check the impact of selected physical factors on the accumulation of biomass of Dolichospermum flos-aquae, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Raphidiopsis raciborskii. The effect of different cyanobacteria cultivation conditions on the amount of cyanotoxins synthesized showed no significant changes over time in the average concentration of all tested toxins in the medium compared to the control. Mixing cultures increases the intracellular content of ATX-a. Aerating also positively affects the concentration of MC-LR intracellularly. In order to optimize the solid phase extraction (SPE) process of toxins, the C18 phase or activated carbon was used. In general, higher toxin recoveries were achieved when using the C18 phase. The best result was achieved for ATX-a, 94% recovery with elution using methanol with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). For MC-LR, the best recovery was 59%, and for CYN 22%. The study evaluated the various methods to release cyanotoxins from cyanobacteria showed that: the highest ATX-a concentration (0.60 μg/mg d.w) was obtained using MilliQ water and microwave treatment for 10–15 s. For MC-LR, the highest extracted amount (6.73 μg/mg d.w) resulted from methanol treatment and boiling at 100 °C for 15 min. CYN extraction was the most effective by using MilliQ water and alternative freezing/thawing (1.54 μg/mg d.w). In conclusion, changing the optimal parameters of cyanobacterial cultivation, only slightly affects the increase in biomass accumulation and synthesis of cyanobacterial toxins. In the case of ATX, the key is the use of the TFA additive in the SPE process. No single method has been identified as the ideal approach for isolating various intracellular cyanotoxins.
一些最常见的淡水毒素包括锐毒素-a(ATX-a)、圆筒孢藻毒素(CYN)和微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)。本文旨在比较提取和浓缩这些蓝藻毒素的不同方法,并检查选定物理因素对 Dolichospermum flos-aquae、Microcystis aeruginosa 和 Raphidiopsis raciborskii 生物量积累的影响。不同蓝藻培养条件对蓝藻毒素合成量的影响表明,与对照组相比,培养基中所有测试毒素的平均浓度随时间的推移没有显著变化。混合培养可增加细胞内 ATX-a 的含量。通气也会对细胞内 MC-LR 的浓度产生积极影响。为了优化毒素的固相萃取(SPE)过程,使用了 C18 相或活性炭。一般来说,使用 C18 相的毒素回收率较高。ATX-a 的最佳结果是使用含 0.1% 三氟乙酸(TFA)的甲醇进行洗脱,回收率达到 94%。MC-LR 的最佳回收率为 59%,CYN 为 22%。研究评估了从蓝藻中释放蓝藻毒素的各种方法,结果表明:使用 MilliQ 水和微波处理 10-15 秒,ATX-a 的浓度最高(0.60 μg/mg d.w)。至于 MC-LR,甲醇处理和 100°C 沸腾 15 分钟的提取量最高(6.73 μg/mg d.w)。使用 MilliQ 水和其他冷冻/解冻方法提取 CYN 的效果最好(1.54 μg/mg d.w)。总之,改变蓝藻培养的最佳参数仅会对蓝藻生物量积累和毒素合成的增加产生轻微影响。就 ATX 而言,关键是在 SPE 过程中使用反式脂肪酸添加剂。目前还没有一种方法被认为是分离各种细胞内蓝藻毒素的理想方法。
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引用次数: 0
Bee venom prompts the inhibition of gefitinib on proliferation, migration, and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells via EGFR-mediated autophagy 蜂毒通过表皮生长因子受体介导的自噬作用促使吉非替尼抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108149
Shihui Xie , Shuo Han , Jietao Gong , Zhiyuan Feng , Yang Sun , Hong Yao , Peiying Shi
It has been confirmed that bee venom (BV) can inhibit tumor metastasis of lung cancer cells induced by epidermal growth factor, suggesting the inhibitory role of BV on the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and may synergistically promote the anti-lung cancer effect of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. This paper aims to ascertain the therapeutic potentials of BV combined with gefitinib against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in vitro. As results, the content of the main component melittin in air-dried BV was determined by HPLC. Subsequently, it was found that BV significantly inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC PC-9 and NCI-H1299 cells, but not generated apparent toxicity to human normal lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Meanwhile, the combination of BV and gefitinib also significantly inhibited the proliferation of these two cells, and suppressed the migration and invasion of PC-9 cells. By bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking, it was predicted that the main component melittin in BV could act on the cell membrane and transmembrane protein EGFR. Ultimately, Western blot assays showed BV alone or combined with gefitinib significantly decreased the protein expression of phosphorylated EGFR (p-EGFR) and the protein expression ratio of p-EGFR to EGFR, and increased the protein expression ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I in PC-9 cells or epidermal growth factor-activated PC-9 cells. The results demonstrated that BV could prompt the inhibition of gefitinib on proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells via EGFR-mediated autophagy, showing the synergistic anti-NSCLC potential when combined with gefitinib.
研究证实,蜂毒(BV)可抑制表皮生长因子诱导的肺癌细胞的肿瘤转移,提示BV对表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)具有抑制调控作用,并可协同促进EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂吉非替尼的抗肺癌作用。本文旨在体外研究 BV 与吉非替尼联合治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的潜力。结果,通过高效液相色谱法测定了风干 BV 中主要成分 Melittin 的含量。结果发现,BV能明显抑制NSCLC PC-9和NCI-H1299细胞的增殖,但对正常肺上皮细胞BEAS-2B没有明显毒性。同时,BV与吉非替尼联用也能明显抑制这两种细胞的增殖,并抑制PC-9细胞的迁移和侵袭。通过生物信息学分析和分子对接,预测BV中的主要成分melittin可作用于细胞膜和跨膜蛋白表皮生长因子受体。最终,Western 印迹检测显示,在 PC-9 细胞或表皮生长因子激活的 PC-9 细胞中,BV 单独或与吉非替尼联用可显著降低磷酸化表皮生长因子受体(p-EGFR)的蛋白表达量和 p-EGFR 与 EGFR 的蛋白表达比,并提高 LC3-II 与 LC3-I 的蛋白表达比。结果表明,BV能通过表皮生长因子受体介导的自噬作用促使吉非替尼对NSCLC细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭产生抑制作用,与吉非替尼联合使用能显示出协同抗NSCLC的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of chemical constituents in Norantea guianensis aubl. Extracts, embryotoxicity, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential in Danio rerio 评估Norantea guianensis Aubl.提取物中的化学成分、胚胎毒性以及对小白鼠乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制潜力。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108132
Laís Sousa do Nascimento Monteiro , Rosemary Matias , Carlos Eurico Fernandes , Jeandre Augusto Otsubo Jaques , Igor Leal Brito , Ademir Kleber Morbeck de Oliveira , Gilberto Gonçalves Facco , Carla Letícia Gediel Rivero-Wendt
Norantea guianensis Aubl., commonly referred to as the parrot flower or macaw-tail vine, is a plant species found in the Brazilian Amazon, Caatinga, and Cerrado biomes. It is used in folk medicine for its anxiolytic properties, as well as its ability to alleviate headaches and reduce fever. Nevertheless, despite its therapeutic benefits, the impact on embryonic development has yet to be fully explained. The objective of this study was to evaluate chemical constituents by HPLC-DAD, UV–visible and classical phytochemistry and the LC50 of ethanolic extracts from the stem and leaves of N. guianensis in Danio rerio after 96 h and to investigate their effect on developmental morphology. The findings were then related to both Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and the plant's chemical composition. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L concentrations of stem and leaves extracts. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the stem extract contained predominantly phenolic compounds, tannins, and anthraquinones, while the leaf extract contained alkaloids and flavonoids. The LC50 values for the stem and leaf extracts were 64.55 mg/L and 7.16 mg/L, respectively, being the stem extract was more toxic than the leaf extract. Induced malformations and alterations in the zebrafish development in different concentrations for both extract including pericardial edema, increased heart rate, spinal malformation and equilibrium disruption. Unlike to stem extract, the leaf extract delayed larval hatching and inhibited AChE activity. The findings indicate that the leaf extract possesses higher embryotoxicity and its use should be avoided during pregnancy.
Norantea guianensis Aubl.通常被称为鹦鹉花或金刚鹦鹉尾藤,是巴西亚马逊、卡廷加和塞拉多生物群落中的一种植物物种。它具有抗焦虑、缓解头痛和退烧的功效,因此被用于民间医药。然而,尽管它具有治疗功效,但对胚胎发育的影响仍有待全面解释。本研究的目的是通过 HPLC-DAD、紫外可见光和经典植物化学方法评估化学成分,以及从 N. guianensis 的茎和叶中提取的乙醇提取物在小白鼠体内 96 小时后的半数致死浓度,并研究它们对胚胎发育形态的影响。研究结果与乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性和植物的化学成分有关。斑马鱼胚胎分别接触了 0、20、40、60、80 和 100 mg/L 浓度的茎叶提取物。植物化学分析显示,茎提取物主要含有酚类化合物、单宁和蒽醌,而叶提取物则含有生物碱和黄酮类化合物。茎提取物和叶提取物的半致死浓度分别为 64.55 毫克/升和 7.16 毫克/升,茎提取物的毒性高于叶提取物。两种提取物在不同浓度下诱导斑马鱼发育畸形和改变,包括心包水肿、心率加快、脊柱畸形和平衡破坏。与茎提取物不同,叶提取物能延缓幼虫孵化并抑制 AChE 活性。研究结果表明,叶提取物具有较高的胚胎毒性,怀孕期间应避免使用。
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