Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2026.108992
Patryck Érmerson Monteiro dos Santos , Matheus Cavalcanti de Barros , Thaís Paes de Freitas , Amanda Vieira de Barros , Juliane Nancy de Oliveira Silva , Simone da Paz Leôncio Alves , Juliano Matheus de Lima Maux , Maria Betânia Melo de Oliveira , Thâmarah de Albuquerque Lima , Renata Mendonça Araújo , Jacinto da Costa Silva Neto , Thiago Henrique Napoleão , Ana Patrícia Silva de Oliveira Santos , Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
Croton pulegiodorus Baill. leaf essential oil (CPLEO) has demonstrated insecticidal activity and is a promising candidate for the development of formulations aimed at controlling insect pests, as well as for use as a repellent. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and dermal toxicity of CPLEO following single-dose topical application in Swiss mice. The major components of CPLEO were ascaridole (27.57 %), camphor (15.39 %), and 1,8-cineole (14.16 %). No mortality, behavioral changes, or signs of skin irritation were observed. Hematological parameters remained unchanged at doses of 200 and 2000 mg/kg; however, significant reductions in erythrocyte count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, leukocytes, and platelet counts were observed in animals treated with 1000 mg/kg. All treated groups showed a significant decrease in serum AST levels, although no associated histopathological changes were detected. The primary irritation index classified CPLEO as non-irritating at all tested doses. Overall, the results indicate that CPLEO does not exhibit acute dermal toxicity, suggesting it is safe for topical exposure. Given its strong insecticidal potential, this essential oil may be a promising candidate for inclusion in insecticidal formulations that come into contact with the skin.
{"title":"Assessment of acute dermal toxicity of Croton pulegiodorus Baill. leaf essential oil in mice","authors":"Patryck Érmerson Monteiro dos Santos , Matheus Cavalcanti de Barros , Thaís Paes de Freitas , Amanda Vieira de Barros , Juliane Nancy de Oliveira Silva , Simone da Paz Leôncio Alves , Juliano Matheus de Lima Maux , Maria Betânia Melo de Oliveira , Thâmarah de Albuquerque Lima , Renata Mendonça Araújo , Jacinto da Costa Silva Neto , Thiago Henrique Napoleão , Ana Patrícia Silva de Oliveira Santos , Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2026.108992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2026.108992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Croton pulegiodorus</em> Baill. leaf essential oil (CPLEO) has demonstrated insecticidal activity and is a promising candidate for the development of formulations aimed at controlling insect pests, as well as for use as a repellent. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and dermal toxicity of CPLEO following single-dose topical application in Swiss mice. The major components of CPLEO were ascaridole (27.57 %), camphor (15.39 %), and 1,8-cineole (14.16 %). No mortality, behavioral changes, or signs of skin irritation were observed. Hematological parameters remained unchanged at doses of 200 and 2000 mg/kg; however, significant reductions in erythrocyte count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, leukocytes, and platelet counts were observed in animals treated with 1000 mg/kg. All treated groups showed a significant decrease in serum AST levels, although no associated histopathological changes were detected. The primary irritation index classified CPLEO as non-irritating at all tested doses. Overall, the results indicate that CPLEO does not exhibit acute dermal toxicity, suggesting it is safe for topical exposure. Given its strong insecticidal potential, this essential oil may be a promising candidate for inclusion in insecticidal formulations that come into contact with the skin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 108992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145948883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Synkinesis: Clinical Case Study","authors":"M.A. Akulov , V.N. Shimansky , V.K. Poshataev , O.R. Orlova , V.O. Zakharov","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108676","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108756
Ana Lucia Gonzaga da Cunha , Rossana Vasconcelos , David Di Sessa , Gabriel Sampaio , Pitila Ramalhoto , Bruno F. Zampieri , Bárbara S. Deus , Suyan Vasconcelos , Talitha Bellote , Juliano Carvalho , Giseli Petrone , Vinicius Figueredo , Gustavo Limongi Moreira
{"title":"IncobotulinumtoxinA for the Treatment of Glabellar and Forehead Dynamic Lines: A Brazilian Multicenter Real-Life Study","authors":"Ana Lucia Gonzaga da Cunha , Rossana Vasconcelos , David Di Sessa , Gabriel Sampaio , Pitila Ramalhoto , Bruno F. Zampieri , Bárbara S. Deus , Suyan Vasconcelos , Talitha Bellote , Juliano Carvalho , Giseli Petrone , Vinicius Figueredo , Gustavo Limongi Moreira","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108756","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108757
Miriam A. Guevara , Anna I. Ardito , Molly M. Sneller , Alexander P. Gardner , William H. Tepp , Marite Bradshaw , Joseph T. Barbieri , Sabine Pellett
{"title":"The Membrane Localization Domain (MLD) of Botulinum Neurotoxin A1 is Essential for Its Long Duration of Action","authors":"Miriam A. Guevara , Anna I. Ardito , Molly M. Sneller , Alexander P. Gardner , William H. Tepp , Marite Bradshaw , Joseph T. Barbieri , Sabine Pellett","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108737
Abdel Rahim Elniel , Rachael Lally , Matthew Tanti , Esteban Taleti
{"title":"Real Life Experiences and Practical Impact of Using Bespoke Electronic Patient Record Systems in the Neurology Botulinum Neurotoxin Clinic at Leeds","authors":"Abdel Rahim Elniel , Rachael Lally , Matthew Tanti , Esteban Taleti","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108737","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108737"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108738
Bruno Hector Ercole , David De Monte , Salvatore Versace , Chiara Dalla Torre , Mariarosaria Valente , Yan Tereshko , Christian Lettieri
{"title":"Neurophysiological and Clinical Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin in Essential Blepharospasm","authors":"Bruno Hector Ercole , David De Monte , Salvatore Versace , Chiara Dalla Torre , Mariarosaria Valente , Yan Tereshko , Christian Lettieri","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108738","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108739
Alberto Esquenazi , Stephen Ashford , Richard D. Zorowitz , Mathieu Beneteau , Pascal Maisonobe , Christian Hannes , Jorge Jacinto
{"title":"Regional Differences in Use of Injection Guidance and Goal Attainment Following Repeat AbobotulinumtoxinA Injections: Subgroup Analysis of the AboLiSh Observational Study","authors":"Alberto Esquenazi , Stephen Ashford , Richard D. Zorowitz , Mathieu Beneteau , Pascal Maisonobe , Christian Hannes , Jorge Jacinto","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108739","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108739"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108769
Stefanie Honndorf, Klaus Fink
{"title":"Is the Minipig a Feasible Large Animal Model for Intramuscular Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection?","authors":"Stefanie Honndorf, Klaus Fink","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108769","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108769"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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