Qiang Weidong, F. Xue, Li Yixin, L. Xinxin, J. Kun, Sun Xiaoyu, C. Xi, Li Haiyan, Du Linna, Yang Jing
Objective: Targeting the protein of interest to a particular tissue to achieve high-level expression is an important strategy to increase expression efficiency. The use of the plant seed oil body as a bioreactor can not only increase the amount of target protein, but also reduce the cost of downstream processing. Methods: VEGF165 was expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds via oilbody fusion technology. The pKO-VEGF165 vector was construted and transformed into A. thaliana seeds. T3 transgenic seeds was detected by SDS-PAGE and western blot methods. The cell activity was tested by MTT methods. Result: The phaseolin promoter was used to drive seedspecific expression of the VEGF165 gene in transgenic A. thaliana. The coding region of VEGF165 was fused to the Arabidopsis oleosin sequence to target the protein to the oil bodies in the seeds of transgenic plants. The T-DNA region of recombinant plasmid pKO-VEGF165 was shifted to A. thaliana seeds via the floral-dip method. Protein was analyzed by electrophoresis and protein hybridization analyses. Finally, MTT assays showed that the oleosinVEGF165 fusion protein played a part in the proliferation of HUVEC cells in vitro. Conclusion: Oleosin-VEGF165 was successfully expressed and it had stimulated HUVEC cell proliferation activity.
{"title":"Expression of a functional recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF 165 ) in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Qiang Weidong, F. Xue, Li Yixin, L. Xinxin, J. Kun, Sun Xiaoyu, C. Xi, Li Haiyan, Du Linna, Yang Jing","doi":"10.1515/TJB-2017-0368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/TJB-2017-0368","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Targeting the protein of interest to a particular tissue to achieve high-level expression is an important strategy to increase expression efficiency. The use of the plant seed oil body as a bioreactor can not only increase the amount of target protein, but also reduce the cost of downstream processing. Methods: VEGF165 was expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds via oilbody fusion technology. The pKO-VEGF165 vector was construted and transformed into A. thaliana seeds. T3 transgenic seeds was detected by SDS-PAGE and western blot methods. The cell activity was tested by MTT methods. Result: The phaseolin promoter was used to drive seedspecific expression of the VEGF165 gene in transgenic A. thaliana. The coding region of VEGF165 was fused to the Arabidopsis oleosin sequence to target the protein to the oil bodies in the seeds of transgenic plants. The T-DNA region of recombinant plasmid pKO-VEGF165 was shifted to A. thaliana seeds via the floral-dip method. Protein was analyzed by electrophoresis and protein hybridization analyses. Finally, MTT assays showed that the oleosinVEGF165 fusion protein played a part in the proliferation of HUVEC cells in vitro. Conclusion: Oleosin-VEGF165 was successfully expressed and it had stimulated HUVEC cell proliferation activity.","PeriodicalId":23355,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Biochemistry-turk Biyokimya Dergisi","volume":"136 1","pages":"254-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89073120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Sunmonu, O. B. Oloyede, T. Owolarafe, M. Yakubu, O. O. Dosumu
Objective: Picralima nitida is a widely used medicinal plant in West Africa for treating malaria, diarrhea and inflammation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the toxicological effect of aqueous seed extract of the plant in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-four apparently healthy animals were randomized into 4 groups comprising 6 rats each and orally administered with aqueous extract of P. nitida seeds at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight with distilled water as control for 14 days. Specific liver and kidney function indices were assayed alongside haematological and histopathological analyses to monitor toxicity according to standard methods. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids and tannins. The extract had no significant effect on all kidney function indices assayed but caused a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the activities of liver enzymes accompanied by significant decrease in liver to body weight ratio, serum total protein and globulin concentrations. No significant alteration was observed in the serum levels of albumin and conjugated bilirubin whereas the extract brought about significant increase (P < 0.05) in serum total bilirubin concentration. Haematological analysis revealed no significant effect on erythrocyte indices in contrast to white blood cell count and its differentials which were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) following extract administration. Histopathological studies further showed no distortion of cell structures in the studied organs. Conclusion: The available evidences in this study suggest that aqueous extract of P. nitida seeds exhibits mild and selective toxicity with liver as the target organ. Therefore, the herb may not be completely 'safe' as an oral remedy; and long term administration should be avoided.
{"title":"Toxicopathological evaluation of Picralima nitida seed aqueous extract in Wistar rats","authors":"T. Sunmonu, O. B. Oloyede, T. Owolarafe, M. Yakubu, O. O. Dosumu","doi":"10.5505/TJB.2014.83997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/TJB.2014.83997","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Picralima nitida is a widely used medicinal plant in West Africa for treating malaria, diarrhea and inflammation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the toxicological effect of aqueous seed extract of the plant in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-four apparently healthy animals were randomized into 4 groups comprising 6 rats each and orally administered with aqueous extract of P. nitida seeds at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight with distilled water as control for 14 days. Specific liver and kidney function indices were assayed alongside haematological and histopathological analyses to monitor toxicity according to standard methods. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids and tannins. The extract had no significant effect on all kidney function indices assayed but caused a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the activities of liver enzymes accompanied by significant decrease in liver to body weight ratio, serum total protein and globulin concentrations. No significant alteration was observed in the serum levels of albumin and conjugated bilirubin whereas the extract brought about significant increase (P < 0.05) in serum total bilirubin concentration. Haematological analysis revealed no significant effect on erythrocyte indices in contrast to white blood cell count and its differentials which were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) following extract administration. Histopathological studies further showed no distortion of cell structures in the studied organs. Conclusion: The available evidences in this study suggest that aqueous extract of P. nitida seeds exhibits mild and selective toxicity with liver as the target organ. Therefore, the herb may not be completely 'safe' as an oral remedy; and long term administration should be avoided.","PeriodicalId":23355,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Biochemistry-turk Biyokimya Dergisi","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89915249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Chicken Grill Oil and Sunflower Seed Oil on Blood and Liver Oxidant/Antioxidant Status and Liver Function Tests in Laying Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)","authors":"T. Buyukoglu","doi":"10.5505/TJB.2014.81894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/TJB.2014.81894","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23355,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Biochemistry-turk Biyokimya Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72639099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: In this research work, a low-cost biosorbent derived from the pulp of Saccharum bengalense (SB) was used as an adsorbent material for the removal of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution. Methods: A batch adsorption method was experimented for biosorptive removal of copper ions from the aqueous solution. Results: Nearly 90% removal of copper is possible at initial pH 6.0, under the batch test conditions. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) adsorption isotherms have been applied to describe the biosorption of Cu (II) by SB. It was found that biosorption of Cu (II) by SB followed Langmuir and Freundlich model. The monolayer adsorption capacity of SB as obtained from Langmuir isotherm at 40 0C was found to be 10.42 mg/g at 323K. The Cu (II) adsorption data was analyzed by applying pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The intraparticle diffusion model was applied to investigate the rate-determining step. It was found that the biosorption of Cu (II) ions on SB followed pseudo second-order rate kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy change (ΔG°), enthalpy change (ΔH°) and entropy change (ΔS°) have been calculated respectively revealed the spontaneous, feasible and endothermic nature of adsorption process. Conclusion: The results of the present investigation suggested that biosorbent SB can be used as an economically feasible and environmentally friendly biosorbent for the removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions.
{"title":"Biosorption Studies For Removal of Cu (II) ions Onto Saccharum Bengalense an Efficient and Eco-Friendly Biosorbent","authors":"M. I. Din","doi":"10.5505/TJB.2014.25483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/TJB.2014.25483","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this research work, a low-cost biosorbent derived from the pulp of Saccharum bengalense (SB) was used as an adsorbent material for the removal of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution. Methods: A batch adsorption method was experimented for biosorptive removal of copper ions from the aqueous solution. Results: Nearly 90% removal of copper is possible at initial pH 6.0, under the batch test conditions. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) adsorption isotherms have been applied to describe the biosorption of Cu (II) by SB. It was found that biosorption of Cu (II) by SB followed Langmuir and Freundlich model. The monolayer adsorption capacity of SB as obtained from Langmuir isotherm at 40 0C was found to be 10.42 mg/g at 323K. The Cu (II) adsorption data was analyzed by applying pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The intraparticle diffusion model was applied to investigate the rate-determining step. It was found that the biosorption of Cu (II) ions on SB followed pseudo second-order rate kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy change (ΔG°), enthalpy change (ΔH°) and entropy change (ΔS°) have been calculated respectively revealed the spontaneous, feasible and endothermic nature of adsorption process. Conclusion: The results of the present investigation suggested that biosorbent SB can be used as an economically feasible and environmentally friendly biosorbent for the removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions.","PeriodicalId":23355,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Biochemistry-turk Biyokimya Dergisi","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78543427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Previously we have shown a counter-regulation between cholinesterases (ChEs) through both anti-sense Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) transfection and knock-down by siR- NAs in R28 cells. In course of this counter-regulation, the status of the cell growth- and dif- ferentiation-related signaling pathways PKC and ERK were also changed. Down-regulation of BChE led to an increased PKC-α expression. Here, we demonstrate that this interaction between ChEs and PKC is reciprocal. Methods: R28 cells were treated with final 10 µM Di-octanoyl glycerol (DOG) and 10 nM siRNAs against BChE. Expression analysis was done by RT-PCR, Western Blot, IHC and activity assays. Results: DOG treatment along with BChE knockdown resulted in increased PKC-α expres- sion, as compared with DOG treatment alone. Change in ERK1 expression was not as pro- found. In R28 cells, DOG stimulation led to marked rapid increase in both AChE and BChE expression.
{"title":"PKC stimulation increases expression of cholinesterases in R28 cell line","authors":"E. Bodur, P. Layer","doi":"10.5505/TJB.2014.38981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/TJB.2014.38981","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Previously we have shown a counter-regulation between cholinesterases (ChEs) through both anti-sense Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) transfection and knock-down by siR- NAs in R28 cells. In course of this counter-regulation, the status of the cell growth- and dif- ferentiation-related signaling pathways PKC and ERK were also changed. Down-regulation of BChE led to an increased PKC-α expression. Here, we demonstrate that this interaction between ChEs and PKC is reciprocal. Methods: R28 cells were treated with final 10 µM Di-octanoyl glycerol (DOG) and 10 nM siRNAs against BChE. Expression analysis was done by RT-PCR, Western Blot, IHC and activity assays. Results: DOG treatment along with BChE knockdown resulted in increased PKC-α expres- sion, as compared with DOG treatment alone. Change in ERK1 expression was not as pro- found. In R28 cells, DOG stimulation led to marked rapid increase in both AChE and BChE expression.","PeriodicalId":23355,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Biochemistry-turk Biyokimya Dergisi","volume":"25 1","pages":"201-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81071457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of L-carnitine on plasma and liver nitric oxide metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley female rats were divided randomly into following groups: control, Lcarnitine, diabetes and diabetes+L-carnitine. Diabetes and diabetes+L-carnitine groups were intraperitonally injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) prepared in the citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Other groups were injected with only citrate buffer. 72 hours after the streptozotocin injection, Lcarnitine (500 mg/kg/day) was given intraperitoneally to L-carnitine and diabetes+L-carnitine groups for 15 days. Physiological saline was given intraperitoneally to the other groups for 15 days. Blood sugar (at 72 hours and the end of experiment), liver nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase, plasma nitric oxide and nitrotyrosine levels were measured. Results: Blood glucose levels in diabetic groups were higher compared with other groups. Percentage change of blood glucose in diabetes+L-carnitine group was lower compared with other groups. Also diabetes+L-carnitine group’s plasma nitric oxide levels were higher than control group. Plasma nitrotyrosine levels of L-carnitine injected groups were lower than diabetes group. There was no significant difference between the levels of liver inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide in groups. Conclusion: As a result, our study showed that plasma and liver nitric oxide and liver inducible nitric oxide synthase levels aren’t changed significantly but plasma nitrotyrosine levels are increased at the end of 15th day of experimental diabetes. On the other hand, our results also showed that L-carnitine causes an increase in plasma nitric oxide levels and a decrease in plasma nitrotyrosine levels whereas it has no effect on liver nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels.
{"title":"The effect of L-carnitine on nitric oxide metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","authors":"G. S. Ozgun","doi":"10.5505/TJB.2014.04934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/TJB.2014.04934","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of L-carnitine on plasma and liver nitric oxide metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley female rats were divided randomly into following groups: control, Lcarnitine, diabetes and diabetes+L-carnitine. Diabetes and diabetes+L-carnitine groups were intraperitonally injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) prepared in the citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Other groups were injected with only citrate buffer. 72 hours after the streptozotocin injection, Lcarnitine (500 mg/kg/day) was given intraperitoneally to L-carnitine and diabetes+L-carnitine groups for 15 days. Physiological saline was given intraperitoneally to the other groups for 15 days. Blood sugar (at 72 hours and the end of experiment), liver nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase, plasma nitric oxide and nitrotyrosine levels were measured. Results: Blood glucose levels in diabetic groups were higher compared with other groups. Percentage change of blood glucose in diabetes+L-carnitine group was lower compared with other groups. Also diabetes+L-carnitine group’s plasma nitric oxide levels were higher than control group. Plasma nitrotyrosine levels of L-carnitine injected groups were lower than diabetes group. There was no significant difference between the levels of liver inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide in groups. Conclusion: As a result, our study showed that plasma and liver nitric oxide and liver inducible nitric oxide synthase levels aren’t changed significantly but plasma nitrotyrosine levels are increased at the end of 15th day of experimental diabetes. On the other hand, our results also showed that L-carnitine causes an increase in plasma nitric oxide levels and a decrease in plasma nitrotyrosine levels whereas it has no effect on liver nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels.","PeriodicalId":23355,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Biochemistry-turk Biyokimya Dergisi","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84179503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-Time PCR Analysis of Pyrethroid Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera from Turkey","authors":"M. Konuş, S. U. Karaağaç, M. Işcan","doi":"10.5505/TJB.2014.50490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/TJB.2014.50490","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23355,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Biochemistry-turk Biyokimya Dergisi","volume":"8 1","pages":"176-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78747120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFAPB) participates in the uptake, intracellular metabolism and/or transport of long chain fatty acids. A polymorphism at codon 54 in exon 2 of FABP2 gene, which encodes for the IFAPB, exchanges an Alanine for Threonine. FABP2 gene polymorphism could modify the uptake of fatty acids, and it could correlate with risk of several diseases. In the light of the potential role of the FABP2 polymorphism, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the Ala54Thr FABP2 polymorphism in two Middle Eastern Arab Populations. Materials and Methods: Genotyping was investigated in 182 and 120 unrelated healthy subjects from Bahrain and Jordan, respectively. A PCR-RFLP assay was applied for determination of Ala54Thr (rs1799883) FABP2 polymorphism. Allele frequencies were calculated by direct counting. Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium was evaluated using a Chi- square goodness of fit test. Results: In the studied Bahraini subjects, 52.8% were homozygous for the Ala54/Ala54 genotype, 35.7% were heterozygous for the Ala54/Thr54 genotype and 11.5% were homozygous for the Thr54/Thr54 genotype. The gene frequencies obtained in Jordanians were: 48.3%, 43.3% and 8.4% for Ala54/Ala54; Ala54/Thr54 and Thr54/Thr54 genotypes, respectively. The frequencies of the allele Ala54 and the allele Thr54 of the FABP2 gene were found to be 0.706 and 0.294 for Bahrainis and 0.700 and 0.300 for Jordanians. These results revealed a similar population polymorphism frequency as in previous European and Arab populations' studies. Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate the population frequency of the Thr54 allele in Bahraini and Jordanian populations.
{"title":"Genotype and allele frequencies of the intestinal fatty acid binding protein-2 gene in two Arab populations","authors":"A. Salem","doi":"10.5505/TJB.2014.15870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/TJB.2014.15870","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFAPB) participates in the uptake, intracellular metabolism and/or transport of long chain fatty acids. A polymorphism at codon 54 in exon 2 of FABP2 gene, which encodes for the IFAPB, exchanges an Alanine for Threonine. FABP2 gene polymorphism could modify the uptake of fatty acids, and it could correlate with risk of several diseases. In the light of the potential role of the FABP2 polymorphism, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the Ala54Thr FABP2 polymorphism in two Middle Eastern Arab Populations. Materials and Methods: Genotyping was investigated in 182 and 120 unrelated healthy subjects from Bahrain and Jordan, respectively. A PCR-RFLP assay was applied for determination of Ala54Thr (rs1799883) FABP2 polymorphism. Allele frequencies were calculated by direct counting. Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium was evaluated using a Chi- square goodness of fit test. Results: In the studied Bahraini subjects, 52.8% were homozygous for the Ala54/Ala54 genotype, 35.7% were heterozygous for the Ala54/Thr54 genotype and 11.5% were homozygous for the Thr54/Thr54 genotype. The gene frequencies obtained in Jordanians were: 48.3%, 43.3% and 8.4% for Ala54/Ala54; Ala54/Thr54 and Thr54/Thr54 genotypes, respectively. The frequencies of the allele Ala54 and the allele Thr54 of the FABP2 gene were found to be 0.706 and 0.294 for Bahrainis and 0.700 and 0.300 for Jordanians. These results revealed a similar population polymorphism frequency as in previous European and Arab populations' studies. Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate the population frequency of the Thr54 allele in Bahraini and Jordanian populations.","PeriodicalId":23355,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Biochemistry-turk Biyokimya Dergisi","volume":"77 1","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74355433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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