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Ampicillin activates Mpk1 phosphorylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeand ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HepG2 cells 氨苄青霉素激活酿酒酵母Mpk1磷酸化和HepG2细胞ERK1/2磷酸化
IF 2.2 4区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.3906/BIY-1611-8
Yu-Kyong Shin, Ki-Young Kim
Ampicillin has been widely used to treat bacterial infections. When we used ampicillin to eliminate bacterial contamination in yeast cultures, we observed induction of phosphorylation of MAP kinase 1 (Mpk1), a previously unknown function of ampicillin. We therefore investigated whether ampicillin activates the signal transduction pathway. Phosphorylation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mpk1 was induced by ampicillin in a dose- and time-dependent manner through the PKC1-CWI pathway. Mpk1 phosphorylation was maximal after treatment with 3 mM ampicillin for 90 min. Despite activation of Mpk1 phosphorylation, ampicillin did not influence yeast cell growth. Ampicillin reduced miconazole antifungal activity; miconazole had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 3.125 µg/mL against Candida albicans, which increased to 25 µg/mL after 48 h of treatment with 3 mM ampicillin. Finally, ampicillin activated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (a mammalian homolog of Mpk1), with maximum effect at 3 mM ampicillin, in human HepG2 cells, but did not influence cell viability. The results of this study clearly indicate that ampicillin activated Mpk1 phosphorylation in yeast and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HepG2 cells. In addition to its clinical application to eliminate bacteria, ampicillin could also be used to activate Mpk1 or ERK1/2 in the laboratory.
氨苄青霉素已被广泛用于治疗细菌感染。当我们使用氨苄青霉素消除酵母培养物中的细菌污染时,我们观察到MAP激酶1(Mpk1)的磷酸化诱导,这是氨苄青霉素以前未知的功能。因此,我们研究了氨苄青霉素是否激活信号转导途径。氨苄青霉素通过PKC1-CWI途径以剂量和时间依赖的方式诱导酿酒酵母Mpk1磷酸化。用3mM氨苄青霉素处理90分钟后,Mpk1磷酸化最大。尽管Mpk1磷酸化被激活,但氨苄青霉素不影响酵母细胞生长。氨苄青霉素降低了咪康唑的抗真菌活性;咪康唑对白色念珠菌的最低抑制浓度为3.125µg/mL,用3mM氨苄青霉素治疗48小时后,该浓度增至25µg/mL。最后,在人HepG2细胞中,氨苄青霉素激活ERK1/2(Mpk1的哺乳动物同源物)的磷酸化,在3mM氨苄青霉素时效果最大,但不影响细胞活力。该研究的结果清楚地表明,氨苄青霉素激活了酵母中的Mpk1磷酸化和HepG2细胞中的ERK1/2磷酸化。氨苄青霉素除了在临床上用于消灭细菌外,还可以在实验室中用于激活Mpk1或ERK1/2。
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引用次数: 0
Aggregation of a parthenogenetic diploid embryo and a male embryo improves the blastocyst development and parthenogenetic embryonic stem cell derivation 孤雌生殖二倍体胚胎和雄性胚胎的聚集改善了胚泡发育和孤雌生殖胚胎干细胞的衍生
IF 2.2 4区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.3906/BIY-1612-30
Xiaoyan Qiu, Nan Li, Xiong Xiao, Yuemin Li
Parthenogenetically derived mammalian embryos, with no paternal genome, are not viable and die, largely from defective placental growth attributed to a lack of paternal effect, resulting in the low blastulation rate and low derivation efficiency of parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (pESCs). Therefore, the present study, by the optimization of parthenogenetic embryo production and the aggregation of the parthenogenetic diploid embryo and the identified male embryo, aims to investigate a method to improve the development of parthenogenetic embryo and pESC derivation in mice. Using different chemical combinations for the optimization, we found that the heterozygous diploid type had a significantly higher blastulation rate than the haploid type (P < 0.05). The treatment of strontium chloride (SrCl2) combined with cytochalasin B for 4 h produced the highest heterozygous diploid rate and blastulation rate. Our self-made concave hole system was used for the aggregation of the parthenogenetic heterozygous diploid embryo with the male embryo identified by the duplex PCR method, and we found that the chimeric embryo had an improved rate of blastulation and pESC isolation.
没有父系基因组的孤雌生殖来源的哺乳动物胚胎不能存活并死亡,主要是由于缺乏父系影响导致胎盘生长缺陷,导致孤雌生殖胚胎干细胞(pESCs)的囊胚率低,衍生效率低。因此,本研究旨在通过优化单性生殖胚胎的生产,将单性生殖二倍体胚胎与鉴定的雄性胚胎聚集在一起,探索一种改善小鼠单性生殖胚胎发育和pESC衍生的方法。通过不同的化学组合进行优化,我们发现杂合二倍体型的胚泡率显著高于单倍体型(P < 0.05)。氯化锶(SrCl2)与细胞松弛素B联合处理4 h,产生最高的杂合二倍体率和囊胚率。我们自制的凹孔系统将孤雌杂合二倍体胚与双链PCR鉴定的雄性胚聚集,发现嵌合胚的成胚率和pESC分离率均有提高。
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引用次数: 6
Exogenously applied polyamines ameliorate osmotic stress-induced damages and delay leaf rolling by improving the antioxidant system in maize genotypes 外源施用多胺通过改善玉米抗氧化系统,改善渗透胁迫诱导的损伤,延缓叶片卷曲
IF 2.2 4区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.3906/BIY-1608-55
N. Çalişkan, A. Kadıoğlu, Neslihan Saruhan Güler
Leaf rolling (LR), particularly in crops, is a dehydration avoidance mechanism that results from water loss in plants under drought conditions. Two maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) differing in their tolerance to drought (cultivar Side was selected as stress-tolerant and cultivar Karacay was selected as stress-sensitive) under PEG-induced drought stress were used in this study to understand the effects of polyamines (PAs) on LR response and the role of the antioxidant system in the delayed LR process. Aerial parts of the seedlings were excised prior to the experiment and then submerged in a Hoagland nutrient solution with or without 0.1 mM Putrescine and 0.1 mM Spermine for 17 h, after which they were submitted to osmotic stress treatments (5% PEG) for 24 h. LR was physically prevented in order to clarify the relationship between PAs and antioxidant systems in LR response. Plants were evaluated by measuring the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, and nonenzymatic antioxidant levels. Exogenous applications of PAs prevented water loss and delayed LR in comparison with the control (seedlings treated only with PEG). PAs almost totally prevented increases in lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant enzyme activities in rolled leaves were induced in response to osmotic stress in both maize seedlings via PA application. Ascorbate, glutathione, and endogenous PA levels increased as a result of PA applications. H2O2 content was lower in PA-pretreated plants than in the control in both cultivars. The activity/effectiveness of antioxidant system components of the physical prevention of leaf rolling (PLR) group of plants were lower than those of the group of plants with rolled leaves, especially in sensitive Karacay, whereas more induced H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation were determined in the PLR group. In addition, exogenous applications of PAs further increased the components of Side's antioxidant system in comparison with Karacay. When considered together, the data suggest that exogenous PAs may have a H2O2-mediated regulatory role in the LR process through the induction of antioxidant machinery. A stimulated antioxidant system decreases oxidative stress damage from excess accumulation of H2O2, thus delaying LR. In summary, exogenous PAs could help plants invert the adverse effects of osmotic stress and might play a key role in providing tolerance in plants through modulating the antioxidant system and decreasing H2O2 levels and water loss in plants via LR, as an alternative drought-protection mechanism. In addition, maize cultivars with late LR by PA applications may be provided as an opportunity for improving yield potential in drought-prone areas.
卷叶(LR)是一种避免脱水的机制,尤其是在作物中,它是由干旱条件下植物的水分损失引起的。本研究使用了两个不同耐旱性的玉米品种(玉米品种Side被选为耐旱品种,玉米品种Karacay被选为胁迫敏感品种)在PEG诱导的干旱胁迫下,以了解多胺(PAs)对LR反应的影响以及抗氧化系统在延迟LR过程中的作用。在实验之前切除幼苗的地上部分,然后将其浸入含有或不含有0.1mM Putrescine和0.1mM Spermine的Hoagland营养液中17小时,之后将其接受渗透胁迫处理(5%PEG)24小时。用物理方法预防LR,以阐明LR反应中PAs和抗氧化系统之间的关系。通过测量过氧化氢(H2O2)的积累、脂质过氧化、抗氧化酶活性和非酶抗氧化剂水平来评估植物。与对照(仅用PEG处理的幼苗)相比,外源施用PA防止了水分损失并延迟了LR。PAs几乎完全阻止了脂质过氧化的增加。通过PA的施用,在渗透胁迫下诱导了两种玉米幼苗的卷叶中的抗氧化酶活性。抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽和内源性PA水平因应用PA而增加。在两个品种中,PA预处理植物的H2O2含量均低于对照。物理防卷叶(PLR)组植物的抗氧化系统成分的活性/有效性低于卷叶组,尤其是在敏感的卡拉凯,而PLR组测定了更多的诱导H2O2含量和脂质过氧化。此外,与卡拉凯相比,外源性应用PAs进一步增加了Side抗氧化系统的成分。综合考虑,数据表明,外源性PAs可能通过诱导抗氧化机制在LR过程中发挥H2O2介导的调节作用。受刺激的抗氧化系统减少了H2O2过量积累造成的氧化应激损伤,从而延缓了LR。总之,外源PAs可以帮助植物逆转渗透胁迫的不利影响,并可能通过调节抗氧化系统和通过LR降低植物中H2O2水平和水分损失,在提供植物耐受性方面发挥关键作用,作为一种替代的抗旱机制。此外,通过PA应用具有后期LR的玉米品种可以作为提高干旱易发地区产量潜力的机会。
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引用次数: 6
Recovery and amplification of ancient DNA from Herculaneum victims killed by the 79 AD Vesuvius hot surges 从公元79年维苏威火山热潮中丧生的赫库兰尼姆遇难者身上恢复并扩增古代DNA
IF 2.2 4区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.3906/BIY-1702-48
F. Guarino, C. Buccelli, V. Graziano, P. L. Porta, M. Mezzasalma, G. Odierna, M. Paternoster, P. Petrone
n thermally damaged archaeological bones the quantity, quality, and amplifiability of DNA are very much reliant on both the extent of heating and the environmental conditions of the burial context. In this study we tested the possibility of extracting and amplifying ancient DNA from human bone remains of Herculaneum victims of the 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius using a combination of histochemical and molecular methods. Long bone samples with variable degrees of chromatic and morphological alterations consistent with exposure to temperatures of about 300 °C were taken from four specimens. Using histochemical stains, bone cryostat sections from three individuals revealed DNA within osteocyte lacunae but only for one sample the DNA was suitable for PCR amplification obtained, namely from reactions with the primer pair for X and Y amelogenin (AMEL) loci. The relative sequence differed from the homologous trait of AMELX deposited in GenBank for six bases, probably due to degradation processes following death. Our data are indicative that archaeological bones exposed to high temperatures of about 300 °C should be considered for DNA analysis, given the favorable conditions of corpse burial and skeleton preservation, such as those that occurred for the 79 AD victims in Herculaneum and Pompeii.
在热损伤的考古骨骼中,DNA的数量、质量和扩增能力在很大程度上取决于加热的程度和埋葬的环境条件。在这项研究中,我们测试了从公元79年维苏威火山爆发的赫库兰尼姆受害者的人骨遗骸中提取和扩增古代DNA的可能性,使用了组织化学和分子方法的结合。从四个标本中提取的长骨样品具有不同程度的颜色和形态变化,与暴露于约300°C的温度一致。使用组织化学染色,来自三个个体的骨冷冻切片显示骨细胞腔窝内的DNA,但只有一个样本的DNA适合PCR扩增,即通过与X和Y AMEL位点的引物对反应获得。相对序列与GenBank中保存的AMELX同源性状有6个碱基的差异,可能是由于死亡后的降解过程所致。我们的数据表明,考虑到尸体埋葬和骨骼保存的有利条件,例如公元79年赫库兰尼姆和庞贝的受害者,暴露在约300°C高温下的考古骨头应该被考虑用于DNA分析。
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引用次数: 3
A R2R3 MYB transcription factor from ash positively regulates salt response in tobacco 来自烟灰的R2R3 MYB转录因子正调控烟草对盐的反应
IF 2.2 4区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1612-31
Tian Li, Jingkuan Sun, Y. Bi
The roles of MYB transcription factors are diverse and important in regulating environmental stress in plants. In this study, the R2R3 MYB gene FvMYB2 (GenBank Accession No. KY767843) and its promoter region were cloned from ash (Fraxinus velutina Torr.). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that FvMYB2 was clustered with VvMYB60 from Vitis vinifera. PlantCARE software analysis showed that its promoter contained different cis elements involved in diverse abiotic stresses. The expression patterns of FvMYB2 were investigated under different abiotic stress conditions. FvMYB2 subcellular localization was mainly localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of FvMYB2 in tobacco showed enhanced salt resistance and upregulation of stress- and ABA-related genes after NaCl treatment. These results indicated that FvMYB2 may play a positive role in salt stress regulation mediated by ABA-dependent signaling mechanisms.
MYB转录因子在调节植物环境胁迫中的作用是多样的和重要的。本研究从白蜡树(Fraxinus velutina Torr.)中克隆了R2R3 MYB基因FvMYB2(GenBank登录号KY767843)及其启动子区。PlantCARE软件分析表明,其启动子含有不同的顺式元素,参与不同的非生物胁迫。研究了FvMYB2在不同非生物胁迫条件下的表达模式。FvMYB2亚细胞定位主要定位于细胞核。NaCl处理后,烟草中FvMYB2的过表达增强了耐盐性,并上调了胁迫和ABA相关基因。这些结果表明FvMYB2可能在ABA依赖性信号传导机制介导的盐胁迫调节中发挥积极作用。
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引用次数: 0
Regulation of functional activities and essential oil production in Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash after γ-irradiated sodium alginate elicitation γ辐照海藻酸钠诱导香根草功能活性及精油分泌的调控
IF 2.2 4区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.3906/BIY-1704-6
A. Shabbir, Mohammad Masroor Akhtar Khan, Y. Sadiq, Hassan Jaleel, B. Ahmad, M. Uddin
Upon irradiation, marine polysaccharides undergo depolymerization, leading to formation of oligosaccharides that elicit various biological activities in plants. Taking a step further on the previously established growth-promoting activity of irradiated sodium alginate (ISA), structural rearrangements in ISA were analyzed using complementary techniques to develop an understanding of the structure-property relationship. The essential oil (EO) of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) immensely benefits the perfumery industry, proving itself as an economically important crop. A pot experiment was designed to test the effect of water-soluble ISA fractions on the growth, physiology, and EO production of vetiver. The structural characterization of radiation-induced sodium alginate was carried out using SEM, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Of the various treatments employed, ISA-120 (ISA applied at 120 mg L-1) proved the best for most of the parameters studied, including fresh and dry weight of plants and photosynthetic attributes. As compared to the control (water-spray treatment), foliar feeding of ISA-120 resulted in an increase of 21.2% in chlorophyll content, while this treatment enhanced the chlorophyll fluorescence by 21.8% at 300 days after transplanting. Application of ISA-120 also increased the EO content by 21.1% and EO yield by 47.6%. Gas chromatography revealed an increase of 30.1% and 92.6% in the values of content and yield of khusimol, respectively, over the control.
辐照后,海洋多糖发生解聚,形成寡糖,引发植物的各种生物活性。在先前建立的辐照海藻酸钠(ISA)促生长活性的基础上,利用互补技术分析了ISA的结构重排,以了解其结构-性质关系。香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash)的精油(EO)极大地有利于香料工业,证明了自己是一种重要的经济作物。以香根草为研究对象,通过盆栽试验研究了不同水溶性成分对香根草生长、生理及产油效果的影响。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)对辐射诱导的海藻酸钠进行了结构表征。在所采用的各种处理中,ISA-120 (120 mg L-1施用ISA)对所研究的大多数参数,包括植物的鲜重、干重和光合特性都证明是最好的。在移栽后300 d,与对照(喷水处理)相比,叶片饲喂ISA-120使叶绿素含量增加了21.2%,叶绿素荧光增强了21.8%。添加ISA-120后,环氧乙烷含量提高21.1%,环氧乙烷产率提高47.6%。气相色谱法测定的胡芦酚含量和得率比对照分别提高了30.1%和92.6%。
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引用次数: 24
The role of predicted spermidine family transporters in stress response and cell cycle in Schizosaccharomyces pombe 预测亚精胺家族转运体在裂糖酵母应激反应和细胞周期中的作用
IF 2.2 4区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-06-14 DOI: 10.3906/BIY-1608-70
Aslıhan Örs Gevrekci
* Correspondence: agevrekci@baskent.edu.tr
*通信:agevrekci@baskent.edu.tr
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引用次数: 2
The jasmonate-ZIM domain protein FtJAZ2 interacts with the R2R3-MYBtranscription factor FtMYB3 to affect anthocyanin biosynthesis in tartary buckwheat 茉莉酸- zim结构域蛋白FtJAZ2与r2r3 - myb转录因子FtMYB3相互作用,影响苦荞花青素的生物合成
IF 2.2 4区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-06-14 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1610-6
Xiaopeng Luo, Shuangjiang Li, P. Yao, Chengcheng Li, Hui Chen, Qi Wu, Hai-xia Zhao
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引用次数: 7
Cell-compatible PHB/silk fibroin composite nanofibermat for tissue engineering applications 细胞相容性PHB/丝素复合纳米纤维在组织工程中的应用
IF 2.2 4区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-06-14 DOI: 10.3906/BIY-1610-46
Zeynep Karahaliloğlu
Cell compatibility is one of the prominent requirements for the fabrication of tissue engineering materials. Silk fibroin (SF) is an excellent material for biomedical applications and shows desirable properties such as good compatibility, minimal tissue reaction, and tailorable degradability. Poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) has a high percentage of crystallinity and a high melting temperature. In this study, PHB and SF were blended together to improve the mechanical properties of the SF fibrous structure and the crystallinity of PHB. Furthermore, the cell-biomaterial interaction on the PHB/SF composite scaffold was expected to be enhanced via the SF. For this purpose, PHB/SF composite scaffolds were prepared through the use of the electrospinning technique, which is a unique method for the production of biomaterials on the nanoscale intended for tissue engineering. PHB/SF scaffolds were prepared with different SF contents and a suitable electrospinning condition was chosen in terms of structure and fiber diameter. The average fiber diameter was 92 ± 2.6 nm at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/h, distance of 20 cm, polymer concentration of PHB/SF-0 of 7%:18% (w/w) or 1:1 (v/v), and voltage of 20 kV. Mechanical and crystalline properties of the PHB/SF scaffold were investigated. Adhesion and proliferation of L929 and HaCaT (mouse fibroblast and immortalized human keratinocyte cell lines) on PHB/SF-0 were examined.
细胞相容性是组织工程材料制造的突出要求之一。丝素蛋白(SF)是一种用于生物医学应用的优秀材料,并显示出良好的相容性、最小的组织反应和可定制的降解性等理想特性。聚[(R)-3-羟基丁酸酯](PHB)具有高的结晶度和高的熔融温度。在本研究中,将PHB和SF共混在一起,以提高SF纤维结构的力学性能和PHB的结晶度。此外,细胞-生物材料在PHB/SF复合支架上的相互作用有望通过SF增强。为此,通过使用静电纺丝技术制备了PHB/SF复合支架,这是一种在纳米尺度上生产用于组织工程的生物材料的独特方法。制备了不同SF含量的PHB/SF支架,并从结构和纤维直径方面选择了合适的静电纺丝条件。在流速为0.4mL/h、距离为20cm、PHB/SF-0的聚合物浓度为7%:18%(w/w)或1:1(v/v)、电压为20kV的条件下,平均纤维直径为92±2.6nm。检测L929和HaCaT(小鼠成纤维细胞和永生化人角质形成细胞系)在PHB/SF-0上的粘附和增殖。
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引用次数: 16
Characterization of proteinase inhibitor-II gene under OsRGLP2promoter for salt stress in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana OsRGLP2基因对转基因烟草盐胁迫蛋白酶抑制剂II基因的鉴定
IF 2.2 4区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-06-14 DOI: 10.3906/BIY-1609-42
S. Rehman, B. Jørgensen, S. Rasmussen, T. Mahmood
* Correspondence: tmahmood@qau.edu.pk
*通信:tmahmood@qau.edu.pk
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Turkish Journal of Biology
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