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Development and Validation of a Spectrofluorimetric Method for the Quantification of Capecitabine in Bulk and Tablets. 卡培他滨原料药和片剂的荧光定量方法的建立和验证。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.46364
Swathi Naraparaju, Ambati Mukti, Durga Panikumar Anumolu, Soujanya Chaganti

Objectives: A new, simple, and affordable spectrofluorimetric method was established for quantification of capecitabine in bulk and in marketed formulations.

Materials and methods: Native fluorescence of capecitabine in 0.1% (w/v) cetrimide was measured at 386 nm after excitation at 313 nm.

Results: A linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and capecitabine concentration was noticed in 0.2-1.0 μg/mL range. The method was supported by checking several validation parameters as stated using International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) values (0.032 and 0.096 μg/mL, respectively) and results of validation parameters demonstrated that the method procedure were sensitive, accurate, precise, and reproducible (% relative standard deviation <2.0). The percentage assay in commercial formulation was found to be 99.2, which agrees with ICH guidelines.

Conclusion: Due to the above findings, developed method can be successfully adopted for routine analysis of capecitabine in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

目的:建立一种新的、简单的、价格合理的卡培他滨定量分析方法。材料和方法:在313 nm激发后,在386 nm处测定0.1% (w/v)西特里胺中卡培他滨的天然荧光。结果:在0.2 ~ 1.0 μg/mL范围内,荧光强度与卡培他滨浓度呈线性关系。该方法通过检查国际协调会议(ICH)指南中规定的几个验证参数来支持。检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为0.032和0.096 μg/mL,验证参数结果表明,该方法灵敏、准确、精密度高,重复性好(%相对标准偏差)。结论:该方法可用于卡培他滨制剂的常规分析。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of Marketed Rosemary Essential Oils (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) in Terms of European Pharmacopoeia 10.0 Criteria. 根据欧洲药典10.0标准对市售迷迭香精油的评价。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.78010
Timur Hakan Barak, Elif Bölükbaş, Hilal Bardakcı

Objectives: Various pure rosemary essential oil containing commercial products are in demand for their health-promoting and cosmetic claims in Türkiye. Although they are natural and harmless, they should be in compliance with European Pharmacopoeia (EP) criteria. Therefore, in this study, 15 rosemary oil samples sold in pharmacies, herbal shops, and online platforms in Türkiye were investigated in terms of "Rosemary Oil" EP 10.0. monograph criteria. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the current quality status of rosemary essential oils in the Turkish market.

Materials and methods: Appearance, fatty oils and resinified essential oils, relative density, refractive index, optical rotation, and acid value tests were performed according to EP 10.0 and compared with the given standards. In addition, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were conducted on all samples for advanced understanding of their phytochemical profile and harmony with EP standards.

Results: Fifteen pure rosemary oil-containing products from the Turkish market were evaluated. All of the samples were licensed as cosmetic products in Türkiye via the Ministry of Health. 83.1 to 96.9% of the ingredients of all samples were determined via GC-MS analysis. Results demonstrated that none of the samples from the Turkish rosemary essential oil market fully complied with the EP rosemary oil monograph standards.

Conclusion: Considering our data, it was revealed that enhanced regulations and auditing mechanisms are needed to improve the quality of products. When the difference between the sources of purchase is assessed, pharmacies are still better locations to obtain such products.

目的:各种纯迷迭香精油含有商业产品的需求是他们的健康促进和化妆品声称在 rkiye。虽然它们是天然无害的,但它们应符合欧洲药典(EP)标准。因此,本研究以“迷迭香油”EP 10.0为标准,对我国药店、草药店、网络平台销售的15份迷迭香油样品进行了调查。论文的标准。在本研究中,我们旨在评估土耳其市场上迷迭香精油的质量现状。材料和方法:按照ep10.0进行外观、脂肪油和树脂化精油、相对密度、折射率、旋光度和酸值测试,并与给定标准进行比较。此外,对所有样品进行薄层色谱(TLC)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析,以进一步了解其植物化学特征,并与EP标准保持一致。结果:对土耳其市场15种含迷迭香油的纯产品进行了评价。所有样品均经卫生部批准为日本化妆品,所有样品中83.1 ~ 96.9%的成分通过GC-MS分析。结果表明,土耳其迷迭香精油市场样品均不完全符合欧盟迷迭香精油专著标准。结论:结合我们的数据,需要加强监管和审计机制来提高产品质量。当评估采购来源之间的差异时,药店仍然是获得此类产品的较好地点。
{"title":"Evaluation of Marketed Rosemary Essential Oils (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L.) in Terms of European Pharmacopoeia 10.0 Criteria.","authors":"Timur Hakan Barak,&nbsp;Elif Bölükbaş,&nbsp;Hilal Bardakcı","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.78010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.78010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Various pure rosemary essential oil containing commercial products are in demand for their health-promoting and cosmetic claims in Türkiye. Although they are natural and harmless, they should be in compliance with European Pharmacopoeia (EP) criteria. Therefore, in this study, 15 rosemary oil samples sold in pharmacies, herbal shops, and online platforms in Türkiye were investigated in terms of \"Rosemary Oil\" EP 10.0. monograph criteria. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the current quality status of rosemary essential oils in the Turkish market.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Appearance, fatty oils and resinified essential oils, relative density, refractive index, optical rotation, and acid value tests were performed according to EP 10.0 and compared with the given standards. In addition, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were conducted on all samples for advanced understanding of their phytochemical profile and harmony with EP standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen pure rosemary oil-containing products from the Turkish market were evaluated. All of the samples were licensed as cosmetic products in Türkiye <i>via</i> the Ministry of Health. 83.1 to 96.9% of the ingredients of all samples were determined <i>via</i> GC-MS analysis. Results demonstrated that none of the samples from the Turkish rosemary essential oil market fully complied with the EP rosemary oil monograph standards.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering our data, it was revealed that enhanced regulations and auditing mechanisms are needed to improve the quality of products. When the difference between the sources of purchase is assessed, pharmacies are still better locations to obtain such products.</p>","PeriodicalId":23378,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":"253-260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10445223/pdf/TJPS-20-253.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10421182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Role of Chitosan-Loaded Solanine Glycoalkaloid from Solanum scabrum Mill. Leaf Extract as Anti-Inflammatory and In Vitro Anticancer Agents. 壳聚糖负载龙葵碱糖生物碱的作用。叶提取物的抗炎和体外抗癌作用。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.03837
Cletus Anes Ukwubile, Emmanuel Oise Ikpefan, Ademola Clement Famurewa

Objectives: Solanum scabrum Mill. commonly "African nightshade" or "huckleberry" is a plant, whose leaves are used by tribes in Nigeria and Cameroon for making the popular "Kombi" and "Njama Njama" soups, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of the leaf crude methanol extract from S. scabrum.

Materials and methods: Fractions of the plant were tested for anti-inflammatory potential and in vitro anticancer activity on MCF-7 and HMVII cell lines by carrageenan-induced oedema in mice, and cytotoxicity assays such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide, transwell migration and invasion assays, and apoptosis study by flow cytometry, respectively.

Results: Bioguided isolation yielded a white crystalline compound 3-nitro dibenzofuran (C12H7NO3, m/z; 213.19 g/mol, m.p.; 181.49 °C). 1H-NMR showed seven signals at δ (ppm) 2.8-4.3 consisting of two doublets and five singlets, while 13C-NMR revealed twelve carbons, which are majorly methyl carbons at δ (ppm) between 120 and 195. All tested samples demonstrated dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced mice. The isolated compound, i.e. solanine, and chitosan-loaded drugs showed significant inhibitory activity on the cell lines with inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values of 8.52, 0.82, and 22.1 μg/mL, respectively on MCF-7 cell line and 4.54, 0.08, and 12.1 μg/mL, respectively, on HMVII cell line, while doxorubicin (adriamycin) positive control, had IC50 values of 0.02 and 0.06 μg/mL, respectively, on MCF-7 and HMVII cancer cells. Selectivity index of solanine was the lowest in the study, hence, it lacks the ability to differentiate between cancerous and normal cell Vero E6 cell lines. Chitosan-loaded drugs quicken early apoptosis and sustained late apoptosis in cells with much improved selective indices.

Conclusion: The results obtained from this study further affirmed the use of chitosan nanoparticles as carriers for anticancer drugs.

目的:药用龙葵。通常“非洲龙葵”或“越橘”是一种植物,其叶子被尼日利亚和喀麦隆的部落分别用来制作流行的“Kombi”和“Njama Njama”汤。本研究旨在评价黄芩叶粗甲醇提取物的抗炎和抗癌活性。材料与方法:采用角叉菜胶诱导小鼠浮肿的方法,检测植物提取物对MCF-7和HMVII细胞系的抗炎活性和体外抗癌活性,并采用流式细胞术分别进行3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基- 2h -溴化四氮唑、跨井迁移和侵袭实验以及细胞凋亡研究等细胞毒性试验。结果:生物引导分离得到白色结晶化合物3-硝基二苯并呋喃(C12H7NO3, m/z;213.19 g/mol, m.p;181.49°C)。1H-NMR在δ (ppm) 2.8 ~ 4.3处显示7个碳信号,包括2个双线和5个单线;13C-NMR在δ (ppm) 120 ~ 195处显示12个碳信号,主要是甲基碳。所有测试样品在卡拉胶诱导的小鼠中显示出剂量依赖性的抗炎活性。分离得到的茄碱和壳聚糖负载药物对MCF-7和HMVII细胞的抑制浓度分别为8.52、0.82和22.1 μg/mL,抑制浓度分别为4.54、0.08和12.1 μg/mL,而阳性对照阿霉素对MCF-7和HMVII细胞的抑制浓度分别为0.02和0.06 μg/mL。在本研究中,龙葵碱的选择性指数最低,因此缺乏对Vero E6细胞系癌细胞和正常细胞的区分能力。壳聚糖负载药物加速细胞早期凋亡和持续细胞晚期凋亡,并显著改善细胞的选择性指标。结论:本研究结果进一步肯定了壳聚糖纳米颗粒作为抗癌药物载体的应用前景。
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引用次数: 2
Formulation, Characterization, and Optimization of a Topical Gel Containing Tranexamic Acid to Prevent Superficial Bleeding: In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluations. 含有氨甲环酸的局部凝胶预防表面出血的配方、表征和优化:体内和体外评估。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.60687
Farideh Shiehzadeh, Daryosh Mohebi, Omid Chavoshian, Sara Daneshmand

Objectives: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is used systemically to stop bleeding, but it can lead to thromboembolism. Trials have revealed the efficacy of topical TXA on local hemorrhages. However, there is a need for an efficient delivery system that can keep the drug at the site of action.

Materials and methods: To develop a gel containing TXA (3%) optimized in terms of viscosity and dispersibility, the central composite design based on two factors-three levels [carbopol 940 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), 1-1.5% and 1-2%, respectively] was applied. The spreadability and viscosity were assessed using glass slide and rheometer, respectively. To confirm the compatibility of TXA with the gel, fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed. Drug content uniformity was analyzed by a spectroscopy method. An ex vivo mice model using Franz cells was applied to evaluate the permeation of TXA through the skin. To investigate the effect of topical TXA gel on bleeding time, IVY human method was performed.

Results: HPMC/carbopol 940 (1:1, w/w) gel showed the highest quality in terms of viscosity and dispersibility (3.982 ± 17.6 and 6.052 ± 3.562, respectively). FTIR absorption spectrum showed that all the TXA index peaks appeared without displacement. The complete-encapsulated TXA content was uniformly dispersed throughout the gel. In vitro TXA cumulative release reached 90% in 4 h. The bleeding time determined in vivo for TXA gel was significantly lower than that for TXA solution and control.

Conclusion: The results confirm the importance of further studies on this formulation as a potential medication to stop acute superficial bleeding.

目的:氨甲环酸(TXA)用于全身止血,但它可导致血栓栓塞。试验表明局部使用TXA对局部出血有效。然而,需要一种有效的递送系统,使药物保持在作用部位。材料与方法:采用卡波醇940和羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)分别为1-1.5%和1-2%的2因素- 3水平的中心复合设计,制备了一种粘度和分散性优化的含TXA(3%)凝胶。分别用玻片法和流变仪测定涂敷性和粘度。为了确定TXA与凝胶的相容性,傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)进行了测试。用光谱学方法分析药物含量均匀性。采用体外小鼠Franz细胞模型评价TXA在皮肤中的渗透作用。采用IVY人用法研究外用TXA凝胶对出血时间的影响。结果:HPMC/carbopol 940凝胶(1:1,w/w)的粘度和分散性最高(分别为3.982±17.6和6.052±3.562)。FTIR吸收光谱显示,所有TXA指数峰均无位移。完全包封的TXA含量均匀地分散在凝胶中。体外4 h TXA累积释放量达到90%,体内测定的出血时间明显低于TXA溶液和对照组。结论:结果证实了进一步研究该制剂作为一种潜在的治疗急性浅表出血的药物的重要性。
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引用次数: 2
Validated Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Daclatasvir in Tablets. 经验证的稳定性指示反相高效液相色谱法测定Daclatasvir片中的含量。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.87393
Hemlata M Nimje, Smita J Pawar, Meenakshi N Deodhar

Objectives: The current study goal was to create a precise, sensitive, and validated reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for assessing the direct-acting antiviral daclatasvir (DCV) as well as to evaluate the stability of DCV in both drug and tablet formulations. The current investigation was to display stability indicating methods under different stress conditions, including hydrolysis (acidic, basic, and neutral), oxidation, and photolysis.

Materials and methods: All experiments were performed on HPLC Agilent 1100 with a stainless steel Hypersil C18 column having a particle size of 5 μm and a dimension of 4.6 x 250 mm. The mobile phase chosen was acetonitrile: 0.05% o-phosphoric acid (50:50 v/v) in isocratic mode with 0.7 mL/min flow rate and wavelength 315 nm was selected for detection.

Results: This method was validated for linearity and range, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and robustness in accordance with International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) requirements. The results were satisfactory. It was observed that retention time (tR) was 3.760 ± 0.01 min. In acidic conditions, DCV degradans show tR at 3.863, 4.121, and 4.783 min and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra scans had m/z 339.1, 561.2 fragment ions. In basic condition, DCV degradans show tR at 5.188, 5.469 min and MS/MS spectra scans having m/z 294.1, 339.1, 505.2, 527.2 fragment ions. In oxidation conditions, DCV degradans shows tR at 4.038 min and MS/MS spectra scans having m/z 301.1 and 339.1 fragment ions were observed.

Conclusion: All the mass fragments exhibited additional degradation observed for different stress conditions. This will help to identify the structure of the degradant and its pathways. No degradation was observed in neutral and photolytic conditions.

目的:建立一种精确、灵敏、有效的反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)方法来评估直接作用抗病毒药物daclatasvir (DCV),并评估DCV在药物和片剂制剂中的稳定性。目前的研究是在不同的应激条件下显示稳定性,包括水解(酸性、碱性和中性)、氧化和光解。材料和方法:所有实验均在Agilent 1100高效液相色谱仪上进行,柱柱为不锈钢Hypersil C18,粒径为5 μm,尺寸为4.6 x 250 mm。流动相为乙腈:0.05% o-磷酸(50:50 v/v),流速0.7 mL/min,检测波长315 nm。结果:该方法的线性和范围、准确度、精密度、检出限、定量限和鲁棒性符合国际统一委员会(ICH)的要求。结果令人满意。在酸性条件下,DCV降解产物的停留时间(tR)分别为3.863、4.121和4.783 min,串联质谱(MS/MS)扫描结果为m/z 339.1、561.2个片段离子。在基本条件下,DCV降解物的tR值分别为5.188、5.469 min, MS/MS扫描的m/z值分别为294.1、339.1、505.2、527.2个碎片离子。在氧化条件下,DCV降解产物的tR值为4.038 min, MS/MS扫描结果显示m/z为301.1和339.1。结论:在不同的应力条件下,所有的质量碎片都表现出额外的降解。这将有助于确定降解物的结构及其途径。在中性和光解条件下未观察到降解。
{"title":"Validated Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Daclatasvir in Tablets.","authors":"Hemlata M Nimje,&nbsp;Smita J Pawar,&nbsp;Meenakshi N Deodhar","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.87393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.87393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current study goal was to create a precise, sensitive, and validated reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for assessing the direct-acting antiviral daclatasvir (DCV) as well as to evaluate the stability of DCV in both drug and tablet formulations. The current investigation was to display stability indicating methods under different stress conditions, including hydrolysis (acidic, basic, and neutral), oxidation, and photolysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>All experiments were performed on HPLC Agilent 1100 with a stainless steel Hypersil C<sub>18</sub> column having a particle size of 5 μm and a dimension of 4.6 x 250 mm. The mobile phase chosen was acetonitrile: 0.05% o-phosphoric acid (50:50 <i>v/v</i>) in isocratic mode with 0.7 mL/min flow rate and wavelength 315 nm was selected for detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This method was validated for linearity and range, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and robustness in accordance with International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) requirements. The results were satisfactory. It was observed that retention time (t<sub>R</sub>) was 3.760 ± 0.01 min. In acidic conditions, DCV degradans show t<sub>R</sub> at 3.863, 4.121, and 4.783 min and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra scans had <i>m/z</i> 339.1, 561.2 fragment ions. In basic condition, DCV degradans show t<sub>R</sub> at 5.188, 5.469 min and MS/MS spectra scans having <i>m/z</i> 294.1, 339.1, 505.2, 527.2 fragment ions. In oxidation conditions, DCV degradans shows t<sub>R</sub> at 4.038 min and MS/MS spectra scans having <i>m/z</i> 301.1 and 339.1 fragment ions were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All the mass fragments exhibited additional degradation observed for different stress conditions. This will help to identify the structure of the degradant and its pathways. No degradation was observed in neutral and photolytic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23378,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":"218-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10445227/pdf/TJPS-20-218.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10421181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Exploration of Structure-Activity Relationship Using Integrated Structure and Ligand Based Approach: Hydroxamic Acid-Based HDAC Inhibitors and Cytotoxic Agents. 基于集成结构和配体方法的构效关系探索:基于羟肟酸的HDAC抑制剂和细胞毒性药物。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.12269
Ekta Shirbhate, Jaiprakash Pandey, Vijay Kumar Patel, Ravichandran Veerasamy, Harish Rajak

The present study aimed to establish significant and validated quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and correlate their physicochemical, steric, and electrostatic properties with their anticancer activity. We have selected a dataset from earlier research findings. The target and ligand molecules were procured from recognized databases and incorporated into pivotal findings such as molecular docking (XP glide), e-pharmacophore study and 3D QSAR model designing study (phase). Docking revealed molecule 39 with better docking score and well binding contact with the protein. 3D QSAR analysis, which was performed for partial least squares factor 5 reported good 0.9877 and 0.7142 as R2 and Q2 values and low standard of deviation: 0.1049 for hypothesis AADRR.139. Based on the computational outcome, it has been concluded that molecule 39 is an effective and relevant candidate for inhibition of HDAC activity. Moreover, these computational approaches motivate to discover novel drug candidates in pharmacological and healthcare sectors.

本研究旨在建立有意义且有效的组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制剂的定量构效关系(QSAR)模型,并将其理化、位阻和静电特性与抗癌活性联系起来。我们从早期的研究成果中选择了一个数据集。靶标和配体分子从公认的数据库中获取,并纳入关键发现,如分子对接(XP滑翔),电子药效团研究和3D QSAR模型设计研究(阶段)。对接发现分子39对接得分较高,与蛋白结合良好。对偏最小二乘因子5进行三维QSAR分析,R2和Q2值分别为0.9877和0.7142,假设AADRR.139的标准偏差较低,为0.1049。基于计算结果,我们得出结论,分子39是抑制HDAC活性的有效候选物。此外,这些计算方法激励在药理学和医疗保健部门发现新的候选药物。
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引用次数: 1
LC-MS/MS Method Development and Validation for Determination of Favipiravir Pure and Tablet Dosage Forms. 法匹拉韦纯剂型和片剂的LC-MS/MS方法建立与验证。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.75470
Nandeesha Itigimath, Hadagali Ashoka, Basappa C Yallur, Manjunatha Devagondanahalli Hadagali

Objectives: Analytical method development and validation for determination of favipiravir (FVPR) in pure and tablet dosage forms by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique.

Materials and methods: A simple LC-MS/MS method was developed for determination of a new antiviral drug, FVPR in pharmaceutical formulations. The stationary phase employed was a Shim pack GISS, C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) column and mobile phase used in pump A was 10.0 mM ammonium acetate and in pump B methanol was used. The gradient program was used with fixed mobile phase flow rate at 0.4 mL min-1. Total run time was 5.0 min. The proposed method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The established method found better outcomes.

Results: The linearity graph was found in the range of 50-200 μg/mL and the correlation coefficient value (R2) obtained was found to be 1.0. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 4.044 μg/mL and 12.253 μg/mL, respectively. Tremendous recovery outcomes were observed and found to be 101%, 99.0%, and 99.5% for FVPR at 150% upper, 100% middle, and 50% lower concentrations, respectively.

Conclusion: All outcomes obtained comply with ICH guidelines. The developed method was simple, unique, accurate, robust, precise, and reproducible for determination of FVPR in tablet formulation. The method is novel and could be adopted in formulation industry.

目的:建立液相色谱-串联质谱/质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术测定法匹拉韦(FVPR)纯剂型和片剂剂型的分析方法并进行验证。材料与方法:建立了一种新型抗病毒药物制剂中FVPR含量测定的LC-MS/MS方法。固定相为Shim pack GISS, C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm)色谱柱,流动相为10.0 mm乙酸铵,B泵为甲醇。采用梯度程序,固定流动相流速为0.4 mL min-1。总运行时间为5.0 min。根据国际协调会议(ICH)指南验证了所提出的方法。既定方法的效果更好。结果:在50 ~ 200 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R2)为1.0。检测限和定量限分别为4.044 μg/mL和12.253 μg/mL。在150%高浓度、100%中浓度和50%低浓度条件下,FVPR的回收率分别为101%、99.0%和99.5%。结论:所有结果均符合ICH指南。该方法简便、准确、可靠、精密度高、重复性好,可用于片剂中FVPR的测定。该方法新颖,可应用于制剂行业。
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引用次数: 1
Medication Reconciliation Service in Hospitalized Patients with Infectious Diseases During Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic: An Observational Study. 冠状病毒病-2019大流行期间住院传染病患者的药物和解服务:一项观察性研究
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.08455
Cüneyd Enver, Buket Ertürk Şengel, Mesut Sancar, Volkan Korten, Betul Okuyan

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and type of medication discrepancies and factors associated with unintentional discrepancies and identify the rate of hospital readmission and emergency service visit within 30 days after discharge among hospitalized patients with infectious diseases and receiving clinical pharmacist-led medication reconciliation during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Materials and methods: This observational study was conducted in the internal medicine and infectious diseases wards of a tertiary university hospital between July 2020 and February 2021 among hospitalized adult patients with infectious diseases. Medication reconciliation service (including patient counseling) was provided in person or by telephone. The number and type of medication discrepancies detected during the medication reconciliation services, the acceptance rate of pharmacists' recommendation, and factors associated with having at least one unintentional medication discrepancy at admission were evaluated. At follow-up, hospital readmission and emergency service visit within 30 days after discharge were assessed by telephone.

Results: Among 146 patients, 84 (57.5%) had at least one unintentional discrepancy at admission. Only three unintentional discrepancies were determined in three patients at hospital discharge. All the pharmacists' recommendations for medication discrepancies were accepted by the physicians. Having COVID-19 [odds ratio (OR): 2.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-4.40; p<0.05], being at a high risk for medication error (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.03-3.92; p<0.05), and higher number of medications used at home (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.23-1.61; p<0.001) were associated with having at least one unintentional discrepancy at admission. The rates of 30 day hospital readmission and admission to the emergency medical service were 12.3% and 15.8%, respectively.

Conclusion: Medication reconciliation service provided by in-person or by telephone was useful for detecting and solving unintentional medication discrepancies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

目的:了解2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间接受临床药师主导的住院感染性疾病患者用药差异的发生率、类型及非故意用药差异的相关因素,确定出院后30 d内再入院率和急诊就诊率。材料与方法:本观察性研究于2020年7月至2021年2月在某三级大学附属医院内科及传染病病房对住院的成人传染病患者进行研究。亲自或电话提供药物调解服务(包括患者咨询)。评估在药物调解服务中发现的药物差异的数量和类型、药师推荐的接受率以及入院时至少有一次非故意药物差异的相关因素。随访时,通过电话评估出院后30天内的再入院和急诊就诊情况。结果:146例患者中,84例(57.5%)在入院时至少有一次非故意差异。在3例出院患者中,仅确定了3个非故意差异。药师对用药差异的建议均被医师接受。患有COVID-19[优势比(OR): 2.25, 95%可信区间(CI): 1.15-4.40;结论:在新冠肺炎疫情期间,通过上门或电话提供药物调解服务,有助于发现和解决非故意用药差异。
{"title":"Medication Reconciliation Service in Hospitalized Patients with Infectious Diseases During Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic: An Observational Study.","authors":"Cüneyd Enver,&nbsp;Buket Ertürk Şengel,&nbsp;Mesut Sancar,&nbsp;Volkan Korten,&nbsp;Betul Okuyan","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.08455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.08455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the prevalence and type of medication discrepancies and factors associated with unintentional discrepancies and identify the rate of hospital readmission and emergency service visit within 30 days after discharge among hospitalized patients with infectious diseases and receiving clinical pharmacist-led medication reconciliation during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This observational study was conducted in the internal medicine and infectious diseases wards of a tertiary university hospital between July 2020 and February 2021 among hospitalized adult patients with infectious diseases. Medication reconciliation service (including patient counseling) was provided in person or by telephone. The number and type of medication discrepancies detected during the medication reconciliation services, the acceptance rate of pharmacists' recommendation, and factors associated with having at least one unintentional medication discrepancy at admission were evaluated. At follow-up, hospital readmission and emergency service visit within 30 days after discharge were assessed by telephone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 146 patients, 84 (57.5%) had at least one unintentional discrepancy at admission. Only three unintentional discrepancies were determined in three patients at hospital discharge. All the pharmacists' recommendations for medication discrepancies were accepted by the physicians. Having COVID-19 [odds ratio (OR): 2.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-4.40; <i>p</i><0.05], being at a high risk for medication error (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.03-3.92; <i>p</i><0.05), and higher number of medications used at home (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.23-1.61; <i>p</i><0.001) were associated with having at least one unintentional discrepancy at admission. The rates of 30 day hospital readmission and admission to the emergency medical service were 12.3% and 15.8%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Medication reconciliation service provided by in-person or by telephone was useful for detecting and solving unintentional medication discrepancies during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":23378,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":"210-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10445224/pdf/TJPS-20-210.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10442021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Thermoreversible Gel Formulation for the Intranasal Delivery of Salmon Calcitonin and Comparison Studies of In Vivo Bioavailability. 用于鲑鱼降钙素鼻内给药的热可逆凝胶制剂及体内生物利用度的比较研究。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.09482
Abdullah Levent Alparslan, Gülbeyaz Yıldız Türkyılmaz, Leyla Didem Kozacı, Ercüment Karasulu

Objectives: We developed original thermoreversible (sol-gel) formulations of salmon calcitonin (sCT) for nasal applications. The sol-gel has been compared with commercial intranasal sprays in vitro and in vivo studies. The aim of studying sol-gel form is to arrange the viscosity of formulations for a reversible adequate fluidity at different temperatures. This situation may facilitate the use of drugs as sprays and increase the bioadhesive ability to mucosa.

Materials and methods: Characterization of optimum formulations was studied. Validated analytical assays determined the number of sCT. An approximately equal number of commercial and sol-gel dosages were sprayed into the nostrils of the rabbits. Blood samples were collected from the ear veins of rabbits and determined by enzyme immunoassay plates. These plates were evaluated by Thermo Labsystem Multiscan Spectrum at 450 nm. Thanks to Winnonlin 5.2, pharmacokinetic data were evaluated by a non-compartmental method.

Results: The absolute bioavailability of the formulation at pH 4 and the commercial product (CP) was compared by evaluating the primary pharmacokinetic data area under the curve 0→tlast. The absolute bioavailability of the commercial intranasal spray was measured 1.88 based on maximum concentration (Cmax) assessment. Cmax of the sol-gel formulation pH 4 was calculated as 0.99 and the relative bioavailability was obtained 53.3%.

Conclusion: In vivo pharmacokinetic data of sol-gel formulation with pH 3 showed significantly higher volume of distribution parameter than the CP (111167>35408). It is thought that the formulation adhered to the nasal mucosa releases sCT slowly and less.

目的:我们开发了原始的热可逆(溶胶-凝胶)配方的鲑鱼降钙素(sCT)鼻腔应用。溶胶-凝胶已在体外和体内研究中与商业鼻内喷雾剂进行了比较。研究溶胶-凝胶形式的目的是为了在不同温度下使配方的粘度达到可逆的充足流动性。这种情况可能有利于药物作为喷雾剂的使用,并增加对粘膜的生物粘附能力。材料与方法:研究了最佳配方的表征。经验证的分析方法确定sCT的数量。将大约等量的商业剂量和溶胶凝胶剂量喷入兔子的鼻孔。取家兔耳静脉血样,采用酶免疫法测定。利用Thermo Labsystem Multiscan Spectrum在450 nm处对这些板进行评估。采用Winnonlin 5.2软件,采用非区室法对药代动力学数据进行评价。结果:通过0→tlast曲线下的初级药代动力学数据面积,比较了制剂在pH 4下与商品(CP)的绝对生物利用度。根据最大浓度(Cmax)评估,商业鼻内喷雾剂的绝对生物利用度为1.88。计算出溶胶-凝胶制剂pH值为4时的Cmax为0.99,相对生物利用度为53.3%。结论:pH为3的溶胶-凝胶制剂的体内药动学数据显示体积分布参数明显高于CP(111167>35408)。认为黏附于鼻黏膜的制剂释放sCT缓慢且较少。
{"title":"Thermoreversible Gel Formulation for the Intranasal Delivery of Salmon Calcitonin and Comparison Studies of <i>In Vivo</i> Bioavailability.","authors":"Abdullah Levent Alparslan,&nbsp;Gülbeyaz Yıldız Türkyılmaz,&nbsp;Leyla Didem Kozacı,&nbsp;Ercüment Karasulu","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.09482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.09482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We developed original thermoreversible (sol-gel) formulations of salmon calcitonin (sCT) for nasal applications. The sol-gel has been compared with commercial intranasal sprays <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies. The aim of studying sol-gel form is to arrange the viscosity of formulations for a reversible adequate fluidity at different temperatures. This situation may facilitate the use of drugs as sprays and increase the bioadhesive ability to mucosa.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Characterization of optimum formulations was studied. Validated analytical assays determined the number of sCT. An approximately equal number of commercial and sol-gel dosages were sprayed into the nostrils of the rabbits. Blood samples were collected from the ear veins of rabbits and determined by enzyme immunoassay plates. These plates were evaluated by Thermo Labsystem Multiscan Spectrum at 450 nm. Thanks to Winnonlin 5.2, pharmacokinetic data were evaluated by a non-compartmental method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The absolute bioavailability of the formulation at pH 4 and the commercial product (CP) was compared by evaluating the primary pharmacokinetic data area under the curve 0→t<sub>last</sub>. The absolute bioavailability of the commercial intranasal spray was measured 1.88 based on maximum concentration (C<sub>max</sub>) assessment. C<sub>max</sub> of the sol-gel formulation pH 4 was calculated as 0.99 and the relative bioavailability was obtained 53.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>In vivo</i> pharmacokinetic data of sol-gel formulation with pH 3 showed significantly higher volume of distribution parameter than the CP (111167>35408). It is thought that the formulation adhered to the nasal mucosa releases sCT slowly and less.</p>","PeriodicalId":23378,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 3","pages":"127-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10337020/pdf/TJPS-20-127.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10164627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Development and Evaluation of In Situ Gel Formation for Treatment of Mouth Ulcer. 原位凝胶法治疗口腔溃疡的研究进展及评价。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.25968
Nikita Harekrishna Gurav, Prerana Shantinath Husukale

Objectives: Mouth ulcers are one of the most prevalent conditions that can be caused by a range of circumstances. Many formulations, such as solutions, suspensions, and ointments are available commercially. However, because there is no long-term effect, no medication can be regarded as totally effective for treating mouth ulcers. The use of bioadhesive methods can boost the therapy efficacy. Because it is easier to administer than prepared gel formulations, the phenomenon of the sol-to-gel conversion can be beneficial. The major goal of this study was to develop and test in situ gels for treating mouth ulcers using choline salicylate and borax as model medicines.

Materials and methods: Because a thermosensitive polymer was employed in this formulation, the sol-to-gel change was thermally reversible, and the frequency of administration was reduced by using the mucoadhesive polymer carbopol. Gelation temperature, pH, gel strength, spreadability, in vitro mucoadhesion, and in vitro drug release were all measured in the formulations.

Results: The experimental section indicated that viscosity of sols and gel strength increased with increasing temperature, i.e., gel can be created at the site of application owing to body temperature. When poloxamer 407 was used at a concentration of 14 to 16 percent w/v, the gelling temperature was close to the body temperature (35-38 °C), but when carbopol 934P was added, the gelling temperature was raised. All formulations had pH between 5.5 and 6.8. All formulations had viscosities of less than 1000 cps, allowing for simple administration of the formulation to a mouth ulcer.

Conclusion: As a result, a correctly developed in situ gel for oral ulcers can extend the duration spent at the application site and minimize the frequency of administration. These findings show that the developed technology is a viable alternative to traditional drug delivery systems and can help patients comply.

目的:口腔溃疡是由多种情况引起的最普遍的疾病之一。许多配方,如溶液、悬浮液和软膏在商业上都可以买到。然而,由于没有长期效果,没有任何药物可以被认为是完全有效的治疗口腔溃疡。采用生物黏附的方法可以提高治疗效果。因为它比制备的凝胶制剂更容易施用,所以溶胶-凝胶转化的现象是有益的。本研究的主要目的是开发和测试以水杨酸胆碱和硼砂为模型药物治疗口腔溃疡的原位凝胶。材料和方法:由于在该配方中使用了热敏聚合物,因此从溶胶到凝胶的变化是热可逆的,并且通过使用粘接聚合物carbopol减少了给药频率。测定了凝胶温度、pH值、凝胶强度、涂敷性、体外黏附、体外释药量。结果:实验切片显示,溶胶的粘度和凝胶强度随温度的升高而增加,即由于体温的作用,可以在涂抹部位形成凝胶。当波洛沙姆407浓度为14 ~ 16% w/v时,胶凝温度接近体温(35 ~ 38℃),但当卡波波尔934P加入时,胶凝温度升高。所有配方的pH值在5.5到6.8之间。所有制剂的粘度都小于1000 cps,因此可以简单地给药于口腔溃疡。结论:因此,一种正确研制的口腔溃疡原位凝胶可以延长在应用部位的时间,并尽量减少给药频率。这些发现表明,开发的技术是传统药物输送系统的可行替代方案,可以帮助患者遵守规定。
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of <i>In Situ</i> Gel Formation for Treatment of Mouth Ulcer.","authors":"Nikita Harekrishna Gurav,&nbsp;Prerana Shantinath Husukale","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.25968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.25968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Mouth ulcers are one of the most prevalent conditions that can be caused by a range of circumstances. Many formulations, such as solutions, suspensions, and ointments are available commercially. However, because there is no long-term effect, no medication can be regarded as totally effective for treating mouth ulcers. The use of bioadhesive methods can boost the therapy efficacy. Because it is easier to administer than prepared gel formulations, the phenomenon of the sol-to-gel conversion can be beneficial. The major goal of this study was to develop and test <i>in situ</i> gels for treating mouth ulcers using choline salicylate and borax as model medicines.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Because a thermosensitive polymer was employed in this formulation, the sol-to-gel change was thermally reversible, and the frequency of administration was reduced by using the mucoadhesive polymer carbopol. Gelation temperature, pH, gel strength, spreadability, <i>in vitro</i> mucoadhesion, and <i>in vitro</i> drug release were all measured in the formulations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The experimental section indicated that viscosity of sols and gel strength increased with increasing temperature, <i>i.e</i>., gel can be created at the site of application owing to body temperature. When poloxamer 407 was used at a concentration of 14 to 16 percent <i>w/v</i>, the gelling temperature was close to the body temperature (35-38 °C), but when carbopol 934P was added, the gelling temperature was raised. All formulations had pH between 5.5 and 6.8. All formulations had viscosities of less than 1000 cps, allowing for simple administration of the formulation to a mouth ulcer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a result, a correctly developed <i>in situ</i> gel for oral ulcers can extend the duration spent at the application site and minimize the frequency of administration. These findings show that the developed technology is a viable alternative to traditional drug delivery systems and can help patients comply.</p>","PeriodicalId":23378,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 3","pages":"185-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10337022/pdf/TJPS-20-185.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10183573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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