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Emerging Role of Biopharmaceutical Classification and Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition System in Dosage form Development: A Systematic Review. 生物药品分类和生物药品处置系统在剂型开发中的新作用:系统综述。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.73554
Ramu Samineni, Jithendra Chimakurthy, Sathish Konidala

Biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) is an advanced tool used for classifying medicines based on dissolution, water solubility, and intestinal permeability, which affect the absorption of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) from immediate-release solid oral forms. It is useful to the formulation researchers to develop novel dosage forms based on modernistic rather than experimental approaches. The current review focuses on the fundamentals, objectives, guidance of BCS, characteristics of BCS drugs, their importance and applications of BCS. This review explains the challenges in drug development in terms of solubility and in vivo disposition. In the current review, new strategies for improving BCS II drug solubility as well as biopharmaceutical drug disposition properties which are utilized throughout the early stages of drug development and commercialization are mainly discussed.

生物制药分类系统(BCS)是一种先进的分类工具,用于根据药物的溶出度、水溶性和肠通透性对药物进行分类,这些因素影响活性药物成分(API)从速释固体口服剂型的吸收。对于配方研究人员来说,基于现代方法而不是实验方法开发新剂型是有用的。本文主要综述了BCS的基本原理、目标、指导、BCS药物的特点、重要性和BCS的应用。这篇综述解释了药物开发中溶解度和体内处置方面的挑战。在本综述中,主要讨论了在药物开发和商业化的早期阶段用于改善BCS II药物溶解度和生物制药药物处置特性的新策略。
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引用次数: 3
Risk Perception and Acceptability of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Nigeria. 尼日利亚COVID-19疫苗的风险认知和可接受性
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.75710
Chinonyerem Ogadi Iheanacho, Okechukwu Harrison Enechukwu, Chinelo Nneka Aguiyi-Ikeanyi

Objectives: Vaccines are anticipated to control the ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, however, their acceptance is critical for the desired benefit. This study assessed risk perceptions of COVID-19, acceptability of its vaccine and socio-demographic associations of its acceptability in Nigeria.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional web-based study was conducted among 420 participants in Nigeria's six geopolitical regions, using a three-part questionnaire. The questionnaire link was distributed via snowball method to consenting participants through online platforms. Study outcome measures were acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine, and risk perception of COVID-19 by study participants. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 24. p values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of 410 respondents participated in the study and high-risk perception of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection (COVID-19) was seen in 127 (66.1%) respondents. Vaccine acceptance was high in 233 (56.8%) respondents and was significantly associated with geo-political region (p=0.028). A moderate positive relationship (r: 0.3) was found between risk perception and acceptability of COVID-19 vaccine and the correlation was statistically significant (p=0.000).

Conclusion: High-risk perception of COVID-19 was found in over half of the respondents, and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate was a little more than 50%. However, the study noted regional association with vaccine acceptance among study participants. Therefore, strategic and targeted messaging on vaccine acceptance should be prioritized by stakeholders, to ensure successful vaccine implementation.

目的:疫苗有望控制正在进行的冠状病毒病-2019 (COVID-19)大流行,然而,疫苗的接受对预期的效益至关重要。本研究评估了对COVID-19的风险认知、疫苗的可接受性以及尼日利亚对其可接受性的社会人口关联。材料和方法:在尼日利亚六个地缘政治地区的420名参与者中进行了一项基于网络的横断面研究,使用了三部分问卷。问卷链接通过滚雪球的方式通过网络平台分发给同意的参与者。研究结果测量是研究参与者对COVID-19疫苗的接受程度和对COVID-19的风险认知。采用Microsoft Excel和SPSS version 24进行描述性和推断性统计。P值≤0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:共有410名调查对象参与了本研究,其中127名(66.1%)存在严重急性呼吸综合征-冠状病毒-2感染(COVID-19)高危认知。233名应答者(56.8%)的疫苗接受度较高,且与地缘政治区域显著相关(p=0.028)。风险认知与COVID-19疫苗接受度呈中等正相关(r: 0.3),相关性有统计学意义(p=0.000)。结论:半数以上的被调查者对新冠肺炎有高危认知,疫苗接种率略高于50%。然而,该研究指出了研究参与者对疫苗接受程度的区域关联。因此,利益攸关方应优先考虑关于疫苗接受的战略性和有针对性的信息传递,以确保疫苗的成功实施。
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引用次数: 3
Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. Mushroom: Molecular Identification, In vitro Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Obesity, and Cytotoxicity Assessment. 大香菇蘑菇:分子鉴定、体外抗糖尿病、抗肥胖和细胞毒性评估。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.72798
Oyindamola Olajumoke Abiodun, Adenike Martha Alege, Precious Ulonnam Ezurike, Abraham Nkumah, Oluwatosin Adelowo, Tolulope Aderinola Oke

Objectives: Mushrooms are fungi with nutritional and health benefits. Lentinus squarrosulus Mont., an edible fungus, has traditional usage and relevance in local therapy for managing metabolic diseases. In that view, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and cytotoxic potential of the chloroform/methanol extract (CME) and aqueous extract (AE) of the mushroom.

Materials and methods: L. squarrosulus was identified using molecular biology tools. The CME and AE were obtained sequentially and, then, subjected to α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase inhibitory enzyme assays as well as total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) estimations. The cytotoxic potential of extract fractions of L. squarrosulus was assessed using the brine shrimp lethality assay.

Results: The molecular identification of the mushroom displayed that the internal transcribed spacer sequence was an equivalent match to that of L. squarrosulus with a high percentage similarity, and thus assigned a unique accession number (KT120043.1). The CME of L. squarrosulus had higher TPC, TFC, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than AE. Furthermore, AE of the mushroom showed a higher lipase inhibitory potential with an IC50 value of 22.28 ± 0.65 μg/mL than the CME, while that of the reference, i.e. orlistat was 2.28 ± 0.34 μg/mL. However, these extracts exhibited very low or no α-amylase inhibitory and cytotoxic activity at the tested concentrations.

Conclusion: This study reveals that CME of L. squarrosulus, rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, possesses considerable α-glucosidase and lipase inhibitory activities.

目的:蘑菇是一种具有营养和健康益处的真菌。大香菇是一种食用菌,在代谢性疾病的局部治疗中具有传统的用途和相关性。因此,本研究旨在评价香菇氯仿/甲醇提取物(CME)和水提取物(AE)的体外抗肥胖、抗糖尿病和细胞毒性潜力。材料与方法:利用分子生物学手段对小角蜱进行鉴定。依次获得CME和AE,然后进行α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和脂肪酶抑制酶测定以及总酚含量(TPC)和类黄酮含量(TFC)测定。采用盐水对虾致死性试验,评价了虎耳草提取部位的细胞毒潜能。结果:分子鉴定结果表明,该菌内部转录的间隔序列与L. squarrosulus相当,相似度高,获得了唯一的加入号(KT120043.1)。与AE相比,白斑乳杆菌CME具有更高的TPC、TFC和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。与对照奥利司他的IC50值为2.28±0.34 μg/mL相比,香菇AE的IC50值为22.28±0.65 μg/mL,显示出更高的脂肪酶抑制电位。然而,这些提取物在测试浓度下表现出非常低或没有α-淀粉酶抑制和细胞毒活性。结论:本研究表明,白桦多酚富含多酚和黄酮类化合物,具有较强的α-葡萄糖苷酶和脂肪酶抑制活性。
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引用次数: 2
Whole Genome Sequencing of Antibiotic Resistant Genes in Isolates from Surfaces in a Science Laboratory. 科学实验室表面分离物抗生素耐药基因的全基因组测序。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.29794
Christiana Jesumirhewe, Aisha Olamide Abdusalam, Werner Ruppitsch
Objectives Isolates obtained from laboratory surfaces were identified and characterized. Materials and Methods Ten consecutive isolates were obtained from 30 sample surfaces of a University Science Laboratory in Edo State Nigeria in May, 2021. Swabs of surfaces from the laboratory were obtained aseptically. The sample swabs were streaked on MacConkey, eosin methylene blue, mannitol salt, and nutrient agar plates, respectively, and incubated appropriately. Distinct colonies were randomly obtained from culture plates and characterized phenotypically. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to analyze four isolates (40%) obtained by selection criteria. Susceptibility testing using antibiotics was performed for the identified isolates by Kirby-Bauer method for 15 antibiotics. Isolate characterization and identification of resistance determinants were determined using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Results Microorganisms identified included Leclercia adecarboxylata, Enterobacter hormaechei, Atlantibacter hermanii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Three identified isolates were antibiotics-resistant and were investigated by WGS. Resistance genes were found in all (100%) of the resistant laboratory isolates. The resistance determinants included β-lactamase genes, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, qnr genes, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and trimethoprim resistance genes, respectively. Two isolates carried ESBL genes and blaCTX-M-15 was detected. Conclusion Our study displays the dissemination of antibiotic resistance among isolates obtained from surface of a University Science Laboratory. To the best of our knowledge, we have reported the first genomic characterization of resistance to antibiotics in isolates obtained from surfaces of a University Science Laboratory in Nigeria.
目的:对从实验室表面获得的分离株进行鉴定和表征。材料和方法:2021年5月,从尼日利亚埃多州一所大学科学实验室的30个样品表面连续获得10株分离株。从实验室无菌获得表面拭子。将样本拭子分别在麦康基、伊红亚甲基蓝、甘露醇盐和营养琼脂板上划线,并适当孵育。从培养板上随机获得不同的菌落,并具有表型特征。采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)对筛选标准获得的4株分离菌(40%)进行分析。采用Kirby-Bauer法对15种抗生素进行药敏试验。采用全基因组测序(WGS)技术对分离物的特性和耐药决定因素进行鉴定。结果:鉴定出的微生物包括枯叶乳杆菌、嗜麦芽肠杆菌、hermanii大西洋抗菌菌和嗜麦芽窄养单胞菌。鉴定出的3株菌株耐药,经WGS调查。在所有(100%)耐药实验室分离株中均发现耐药基因。耐药决定因素包括β-内酰胺酶基因、氨基糖苷修饰酶基因、qnr基因、磺胺、四环素和甲氧苄氨嘧啶耐药基因。2株分离株携带ESBL基因,检测到blaCTX-M-15。结论:我们的研究显示了从某大学科学实验室表面获得的分离株中抗生素耐药性的传播。据我们所知,我们已经报告了从尼日利亚一所大学科学实验室表面获得的分离株对抗生素耐药性的首次基因组特征。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of Bioactive Compounds of the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus egypticus-HT166S Inhibiting the Activity of Pancreatic α-Amylase. 抑制胰腺α-淀粉酶活性的内生真菌埃及曲霉ht166s活性化合物的鉴定
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.05873
Dilorom Ruzieva, Tashkan Gulyamova, Saodat Nasmetova, Iqbol Mukhammedov, Gulchehra Rasulova

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide increasing problem, associated with development of hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and other chronic diseases. Decreasing of glucose absorption by inhibition of α-amylase is one of the therapeutic approaches to retard diabetes type 2. Pancreatic α-amylase (PA) inhibition widely studied mechanism for determination of potential of natural compounds as antidiabetic agents. The aim of this work was identification of inhibitory secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus egypticus, isolated from Helianthus tuberosus.

Materials and methods: The PA inhibitory activity of the secondary metabolites determined using iodometric method. Isolation of inhibitory compounds was carried out by column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis.

Results: It was found that the inhibitory concentration of a compound, K-10 (Rf : 0.74), isolated from metanolic extract of A. egypticus was 4.82 mg/mL. LC-MS/MS analysis of K-10 showed polymethoxylated flavones (PMF).

Conclusion: The fungal endophyte A. egypticus-HT166S can be considered a source of PMF as potential agents for developing new PA inhibitors.

目的:糖尿病(DM)是一个日益严重的世界性问题,与高脂血症、冠心病、高血压和其他慢性疾病的发展有关。通过抑制α-淀粉酶降低葡萄糖吸收是延缓2型糖尿病的治疗方法之一。胰腺α-淀粉酶(PA)抑制机制被广泛研究,以确定天然化合物作为抗糖尿病药物的潜力。本工作的目的是鉴定从向日葵中分离的埃及曲霉产生的抑制性次级代谢物。材料与方法:采用碘量法测定其次生代谢物的PA抑制活性。采用柱层析、薄层析和液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析分离抑菌化合物。结果:从埃及伊蚊代谢提取物中分离得到的化合物K-10的抑菌浓度为4.82 mg/mL (Rf: 0.74)。LC-MS/MS分析显示K-10含有多甲氧基黄酮(PMF)。结论:埃及内生真菌a . egypticus-HT166S可作为PMF的来源,作为开发新型PA抑制剂的潜在药物。
{"title":"Identification of Bioactive Compounds of the Endophytic Fungus <i>Aspergillus egypticus</i>-HT166S Inhibiting the Activity of Pancreatic α-Amylase.","authors":"Dilorom Ruzieva,&nbsp;Tashkan Gulyamova,&nbsp;Saodat Nasmetova,&nbsp;Iqbol Mukhammedov,&nbsp;Gulchehra Rasulova","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.05873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.05873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong><i>Diabetes mellitus</i> (DM) is a worldwide increasing problem, associated with development of hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and other chronic diseases. Decreasing of glucose absorption by inhibition of α-amylase is one of the therapeutic approaches to retard diabetes type 2. Pancreatic α-amylase (PA) inhibition widely studied mechanism for determination of potential of natural compounds as antidiabetic agents. The aim of this work was identification of inhibitory secondary metabolites produced by <i>Aspergillus egypticus</i>, isolated from <i>Helianthus tuberosus</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The PA inhibitory activity of the secondary metabolites determined using iodometric method. Isolation of inhibitory compounds was carried out by column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that the inhibitory concentration of a compound, K-10 (Rf : 0.74), isolated from metanolic extract of A. <i>egypticus</i> was 4.82 mg/mL. LC-MS/MS analysis of K-10 showed polymethoxylated flavones (PMF).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The fungal endophyte A. <i>egypticus</i>-HT166S can be considered a source of PMF as potential agents for developing new PA inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23378,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 6","pages":"630-635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9780572/pdf/TJPS-19-630.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10509337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Websites as a Gate of Pharmacy Schools to the World: Does National Accreditation Cause a Difference? 网站作为药学院通往世界的大门:国家认证会造成差异吗?
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.55060
Leyla Yumrukaya, Bilge Sözen Şahne, Selen Yeğenoğlu

Objectives: Websites have become the main information source, being a crucial element of our daily life and a global network. In this context, the importance of the websites of pharmacy schools is considered not only for their educational mission, but also for their gates to the world. In this study, we evaluated the websites of pharmacy schools based on criteria issued in the literature.

Materials and methods: Websites of all pharmacy schools in Türkiye were evaluated by scoring the availability of predetermined items, where t-tests and paired t-test were used to compare the groups.

Results: As a result, we found that there is no statistical difference between private and public and accredited or non-accredited schools (p>0.05). Also, we observed no statistical difference between the scores in 2012 and 2021 (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Most pharmacy schools in this study were public, and the accreditation status still seems challenging. Of these 39 schools, only 14 schools are accredited. Total scores of public schools were found to be higher than the private ones and notably, accredited schools have higher scores. Yet, there is no statistically difference between accredited and non-accredited schools or public and private schools. Importance of websites as a communication tool for higher education institutions (HEIs) is indisputable. In conclusion, pharmacy schools should keep up to date with their official websites, considering the virtual world we fell into with the web technologies' developments. Also, further studies should be conducted on the websites of pharmacy schools regarding user demands. Besides we suggest that pharmacy schools' website' quality should be improved and keeping them up to date should be ensured.

目标:网站已经成为主要的信息来源,成为我们日常生活和全球网络的重要组成部分。在这种背景下,药学院网站的重要性不仅体现在其教育使命上,而且体现在其通往世界的大门上。在本研究中,我们根据文献中发布的标准来评估药学院的网站。材料与方法:采用对预定项目的可得性打分的方法对浙江省所有药学院的网站进行评价,采用t检验和配对t检验进行组间比较。结果:我们发现私立学校与公立学校、认证学校与非认证学校之间无统计学差异(p>0.05)。2012年与2021年的得分差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论:本研究中大多数药学院为公立,其认证状况仍具有挑战性。在这39所学校中,只有14所获得了认证。结果显示,公立学校的总得分高于私立学校,特别是认证学校的得分更高。然而,认证学校和非认证学校、公立学校和私立学校之间并没有统计上的差异。网站作为高校沟通工具的重要性是毋庸置疑的。总之,考虑到随着网络技术的发展,我们陷入了一个虚拟的世界,药学院应该及时更新他们的官方网站。此外,还需要对药学院网站的用户需求进行进一步的研究。建议提高药校网站的质量,保证网站的更新换代。
{"title":"Websites as a Gate of Pharmacy Schools to the World: Does National Accreditation Cause a Difference?","authors":"Leyla Yumrukaya,&nbsp;Bilge Sözen Şahne,&nbsp;Selen Yeğenoğlu","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.55060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.55060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Websites have become the main information source, being a crucial element of our daily life and a global network. In this context, the importance of the websites of pharmacy schools is considered not only for their educational mission, but also for their gates to the world. In this study, we evaluated the websites of pharmacy schools based on criteria issued in the literature.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Websites of all pharmacy schools in Türkiye were evaluated by scoring the availability of predetermined items, where <i>t</i>-tests and paired <i>t</i>-test were used to compare the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As a result, we found that there is no statistical difference between private and public and accredited or non-accredited schools (<i>p</i>>0.05). Also, we observed no statistical difference between the scores in 2012 and 2021 (<i>p</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most pharmacy schools in this study were public, and the accreditation status still seems challenging. Of these 39 schools, only 14 schools are accredited. Total scores of public schools were found to be higher than the private ones and notably, accredited schools have higher scores. Yet, there is no statistically difference between accredited and non-accredited schools or public and private schools. Importance of websites as a communication tool for higher education institutions (HEIs) is indisputable. In conclusion, pharmacy schools should keep up to date with their official websites, considering the virtual world we fell into with the web technologies' developments. Also, further studies should be conducted on the websites of pharmacy schools regarding user demands. Besides we suggest that pharmacy schools' website' quality should be improved and keeping them up to date should be ensured.</p>","PeriodicalId":23378,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 6","pages":"666-670"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9780569/pdf/TJPS-19-666.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10509343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychology of the Pharmacy School Stakeholders in Türkiye. 新型冠状病毒病疫情对我国药学院利益相关者心理的影响
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.68726
Muammer Çalıkuşu, Gülbin Özçelikay

Objectives: The state of anxiety seen during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic needs to be evaluated and controlled. Studies indicate that high anxiety reduces students' academic performance. The productivity and scientific studies of academicians have also been negatively affected during the pandemic. Psychological conditions of students and academicians need to be improved as high anxiety levels can affect academic achievement. In this study, the effects on psychological well-being (PWB) of COVID-19 anxiety levels of students and academicians in pharmacy schools in Türkiye have been determined.

Materials and methods: This research was quantitative. As a data collection tool in the research, a questionnaire consisting of three parts was applied to the academic staff and students of pharmacy schools. After the first part of the questionnaire that aimed to determine general information, there were questions about the pandemic anxiety (PA) and the PWB scales. The universe of the study consists of 1.563 academic staff working in pharmacy schools and 17.101 students in these faculties. The level of significance (α) was determined as 0.05 in the analysis made in the study.

Results: Two hundred fortyseven academicians and 1.698 students participated in the research. Data was analyzed by SPSS ver. 25.0 program. 79% of the academic staff participating in the study were women, while 21% were men; for students, it was 77% and 23%, respectively. Female academicians found to have significantly higher (p=0.001) PA level than males. Female students had significantly higher levels of PA (p=0.000) and PWB (p=0.027) compared to male students.

Conclusion: In the study, PA of academicians was generally lower than students, while PWB was higher. When the relationship between PA and PWB was examined, the relationship between PA and PWB of the academicians was very low and positive; for the students, it was found to be very low and negative.

目的:对2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间的焦虑状态进行评估和控制。研究表明,高度焦虑会降低学生的学习成绩。在大流行期间,院士的生产力和科学研究也受到了不利影响。学生和学者的心理状况需要改善,因为高焦虑水平会影响学业成绩。本研究旨在研究新型冠状病毒肺炎焦虑水平对日本药学院学生和院士心理健康(PWB)的影响。材料与方法:本研究为定量研究。作为本研究的数据收集工具,本研究采用了一份由三部分组成的调查问卷对药学院的教职员工和学生进行调查。在旨在确定一般信息的问卷的第一部分之后,还有关于大流行焦虑(PA)和PWB量表的问题。研究对象包括1.563名在药学院工作的学术人员和17.101名在这些学院工作的学生。在本研究的分析中,显著性水平(α)为0.05。结果:共有247名院士和1698名学生参与研究。数据采用SPSS ver进行分析。25.0项目。参与研究的学术人员中79%是女性,21%是男性;对于学生来说,这一比例分别为77%和23%。女性院士的PA水平明显高于男性(p=0.001)。女生的PA (p=0.000)和PWB (p=0.027)水平显著高于男生。结论:在研究中,院士的PA普遍低于学生,而PWB则高于学生。当对学业成绩与学业成绩的关系进行检验时,院士学业成绩与学业成绩的关系非常低,呈正相关;对于学生来说,它是非常低的,而且是负的。
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引用次数: 0
Pharmacist's Knowledge and Behaviors Toward Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting Process in Türkiye. 我国药师对药物警戒和药物不良反应报告过程的知识和行为。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.59422
Aslınur Albayrak, Bensu Karahalil

Objectives: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) increase patient-related morbidity and mortality. Additionally, it is an important public health problem associated with prolonged hospital stay and increasing economic burden. Pharmacovigilance is central to reducing ADRs, so the development and growth of this science is critical to effective and safe clinical practice. The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and behaviors of pharmacists toward pharmacovigilance and spontaneous ADR notifications in Türkiye.

Materials and methods: The online questionnaire method was used with the pharmacists, whose prior consent was obtained to participate in the study. The survey was uploaded onto Google form. The survey link was distributed electronically to the eligible participants via social media channels. The knowledge of pharmacovigilance practice, ADR reporting compliance rates, reasons for not reporting ADR, and perceptions of the Turkish pharmacists on pharmacovigilance practice were evaluated.

Results: Four hundred six pharmacists (45%) agreed to participate in the study, 81.8% of whose correctly defined correctly defined the term pharmacovigilance. 91.6% knew the name of the Turkish Pharmacovigilance Center. Clinical and hospital pharmacists were found to have a more adequate knowledge than community pharmacists (p<0.05). 18.7% of pharmacists stated that they had previously reported ADRs. Most of the pharmacists stated that the most important reason for not reporting ADRs was not knowing how and where spontaneous reporting should be done, a single spontaneous reporting would not make a difference and the report would generate extra work.

Conclusion: These results showed that Turkish pharmacists had adequate knowledge about the concept of pharmacovigilance and the spontaneous ADR reporting system. However, they had little experience in reporting. Training programs should continue to increase the knowledge and reporting experience of pharmacists about the reporting process and requirements.

目的:药物不良反应(adr)增加患者相关的发病率和死亡率。此外,它是一个重要的公共卫生问题,与住院时间延长和经济负担增加有关。药物警戒是减少不良反应的核心,因此这门科学的发展和增长对有效和安全的临床实践至关重要。本研究的目的是评价我国药师对药物警戒和药品不良反应自发通报的知识和行为。材料与方法:采用在线问卷调查法,经药师事先同意参与研究。该调查被上传到谷歌表格上。调查链接通过社交媒体渠道以电子方式分发给符合条件的参与者。评估了土耳其药剂师对药物警戒实践的了解程度、ADR报告依从率、不报告ADR的原因以及对药物警戒实践的认识。结果:460名药师(45%)同意参与研究,其中81.8%的药师正确定义了药物警戒一词。91.6%的人知道土耳其药物警戒中心的名称。结论:土耳其的临床和医院药师对药物警戒的概念和ADR自发报告制度有较充分的了解。然而,他们几乎没有报道的经验。培训项目应继续增加药师关于报告流程和要求的知识和报告经验。
{"title":"Pharmacist's Knowledge and Behaviors Toward Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting Process in Türkiye.","authors":"Aslınur Albayrak,&nbsp;Bensu Karahalil","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.59422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.59422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) increase patient-related morbidity and mortality. Additionally, it is an important public health problem associated with prolonged hospital stay and increasing economic burden. Pharmacovigilance is central to reducing ADRs, so the development and growth of this science is critical to effective and safe clinical practice. The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and behaviors of pharmacists toward pharmacovigilance and spontaneous ADR notifications in Türkiye.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The online questionnaire method was used with the pharmacists, whose prior consent was obtained to participate in the study. The survey was uploaded onto Google form. The survey link was distributed electronically to the eligible participants <i>via</i> social media channels. The knowledge of pharmacovigilance practice, ADR reporting compliance rates, reasons for not reporting ADR, and perceptions of the Turkish pharmacists on pharmacovigilance practice were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four hundred six pharmacists (45%) agreed to participate in the study, 81.8% of whose correctly defined correctly defined the term pharmacovigilance. 91.6% knew the name of the Turkish Pharmacovigilance Center. Clinical and hospital pharmacists were found to have a more adequate knowledge than community pharmacists (<i>p</i><0.05). 18.7% of pharmacists stated that they had previously reported ADRs. Most of the pharmacists stated that the most important reason for not reporting ADRs was not knowing how and where spontaneous reporting should be done, a single spontaneous reporting would not make a difference and the report would generate extra work.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results showed that Turkish pharmacists had adequate knowledge about the concept of pharmacovigilance and the spontaneous ADR reporting system. However, they had little experience in reporting. Training programs should continue to increase the knowledge and reporting experience of pharmacists about the reporting process and requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":23378,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 6","pages":"694-700"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9780574/pdf/TJPS-19-694.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10452332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evidence for Health-Promoting Properties of Lepidium sativum L.: An Updated Comprehensive Review. 莴苣(Lepidium sativum L.)促进健康特性的证据:最新综合综述》(Evidence for Health-Promoting Properties of Lepidium sativum L.)。
IF 1.8 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.07504
Yalda Hekmatshoar, Tülin Özkan, Yalda Rahbar Saadat

Lepidium sativum L. is a common herb distributed worldwide, used as a food ingredient and therapeutic agent in traditional medicine for treating health-related disorders. L. sativum and its extracts have been described to possess numerous biological activities including antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, anticancer, and numerous health-promoting effects in in vivo and in vitro studies. The purpose of this review is to summarize the findings describing important biological functions and therapeutic effects of L. sativum in various cell lines and animal models. In this review, the English-language articles were gathered from electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar with no time limit applied to any database. The search terms used in this review include, "Lepidium sativum L." and/or "chemical composition", "health benefits", "antimicrobial", "antioxidant", "anticancer", "diuretic", "nephro-protection", "antidiarrheal", "antidiabetic", "anti-asthmatic", "neuroprotection", "metabolic", "bone fracture", and "reproductive performance". Additional and eligible studies were collected from reference lists of appropriate articles. The information presented will be helpful to attract more interest toward medicinal plants by defining and developing novel clinical applications and new drug formulations in the future. Pre-clinical studies showed that L. sativum possesses potent health-promoting effects involving various molecular mechanisms. Taken all together, data suggested that identified herbal plants such as L. sativum, can be exploited as nutritional and therapeutic agents to combat various ailments. Despite much research in this field, further comprehensive in vitro/in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to identify the mechanisms underlying the biological and therapeutic activities of L. sativum.

莴苣(Lepidium sativum L.)是一种分布于世界各地的常见草本植物,在传统医学中被用作食品配料和治疗剂,用于治疗与健康有关的疾病。据描述,莴苣及其提取物具有多种生物活性,包括抗菌、抗糖尿病、抗氧化、止泻、抗癌以及在体内和体外研究中的多种促进健康的作用。本综述旨在总结描述莴苣在各种细胞系和动物模型中的重要生物功能和治疗效果的研究结果。在本综述中,英文文章均来自电子数据库,包括 Web of Science、PubMed 和 Google Scholar,所有数据库均无时间限制。本综述使用的检索词包括:"Lepidium sativum L. "和/或 "化学成分"、"健康益处"、"抗菌"、"抗氧化"、"抗癌"、"利尿"、"肾脏保护"、"止泻"、"抗糖尿病"、"抗哮喘"、"神经保护"、"新陈代谢"、"骨折 "和 "生殖性能"。此外,还从相关文章的参考文献列表中收集了符合条件的研究。所提供的信息将有助于在未来通过定义和开发新的临床应用和新的药物制剂来吸引人们对药用植物的更多兴趣。临床前研究表明,L. sativum 具有强效的健康促进作用,涉及多种分子机制。综上所述,这些数据表明,莴苣等已确定的草本植物可用作营养和治疗药物,以对抗各种疾病。尽管在这一领域开展了大量研究,但仍需进一步开展全面的体外/体内研究和临床试验,以确定莴苣的生物和治疗活性机制。
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引用次数: 0
Poloxamer and Chitosan-Based In Situ Gels Loaded with Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Extracts Containing Rosmarinic Acid for the Treatment of Ocular Infections. 载正虹吸胺的波洛沙姆和壳聚糖原位凝胶。迷迭香酸提取物治疗眼部感染。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.40121
Ravi Sheshala, Ng Zing Wai, Iqbal Danial Said, Kamran Ashraf, Siong Meng Lim, Kalavathy Ramasamy, Farrukh Zeeshan

Objectives: Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (OS) is a commonly used medicinal plant for curbing bacterial infections globally. This work aimed to fabricate poloxamer and chitosan-based in situ gels loaded with standardized aqueous-ethanolic OS leaf extracts and investigate their antimicrobial efficacy as a potential remedy against ocular infections.

Materials and methods: In situ gels containing 0.5% w/v OS extract prepared using cold dispersion method were subjected to physicochemical characterization, including in vitro-release studies. Antimicrobial efficacy was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion method.

Results: Thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography chromatograms confirmed the presence of rosmarinic acid (RA) and sinensitin in OS extracts with same retention factor (0.26 and 0.49) and retention times (12.2 and 20.7 min) against reference standards. A homogenous brown coloured in situ gel exhibited low viscosity as a solution and increased viscosity in gel form at ocular temperature. The optimized formulations, P7 (21% P407/4% P188), P8 (21% P407/5% P188) and F5 (1.5% chitosan and 45% β-glycerophosphate) exhibited ideal ocular pH (7.27-7.46), phase transition at ocular temperature (33-37°C) and prolonged RA release up to 12 h. Formulation F5 showed an inhibition zone of 4.3 mm against M. luteus.

Conclusion: Among all, formulation F5 alone exhibited modest antimicrobial activity against M. luteus. OS extracts at 5% and 10% were most active against tested bacteria however, loading them into in situ gels resulted in sedimentation. Hence, isolation of RA from OS extract is suggested before loading into formulations for a better antimicrobial activity.

目的:正虹吸法。黄芪是全球常用的抑制细菌感染的药用植物。本研究旨在制备以波洛沙姆和壳聚糖为基础的原位凝胶,负载标准水乙醇OS叶提取物,并研究其作为眼部感染的潜在补救措施的抗菌效果。材料和方法:采用冷分散法制备含有0.5% w/v OS提取物的原位凝胶,进行物理化学表征,包括体外释放研究。采用琼脂扩散法检测对金黄色葡萄球菌、黄体微球菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌效果。结果:薄层色谱法和高效液相色谱法证实黄芪提取物中存在迷迭香酸(RA)和青藤素,其保留因子(0.26和0.49)和保留时间(12.2和20.7 min)与对照标准相同。一种均匀的棕色原位凝胶溶液粘度低,在眼温下凝胶粘度增加。优化后的配方P7 (21% P407/4% P188)、P8 (21% P407/5% P188)和F5(1.5%壳聚糖和45% β-甘油磷酸酯)具有理想的眼pH值(7.27-7.46)、眼温(33-37℃)下的相变和长达12 h的RA缓释效果。配方F5对黄体芽孢杆菌的抑制区为4.3 mm。结论:其中,F5单方对黄体分枝杆菌具有一定的抑菌活性。5%和10%的OS提取物对被测细菌最有效,然而,将它们加载到原位凝胶中会导致沉淀。因此,建议在加入制剂之前从OS提取物中分离RA,以获得更好的抗菌活性。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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