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Rapid and efficient in planta genome editing in sorghum using foxtail mosaic virus-mediated sgRNA delivery.
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17196
Can Baysal, Albert P Kausch, Jon P Cody, Fredy Altpeter, Daniel F Voytas

The requirement of in vitro tissue culture for the delivery of gene editing reagents limits the application of gene editing to commercially relevant varieties of many crop species. To overcome this bottleneck, plant RNA viruses have been deployed as versatile tools for in planta delivery of recombinant RNA. Viral delivery of single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to transgenic plants that stably express CRISPR-associated (Cas) endonuclease has been successfully used for targeted mutagenesis in several dicotyledonous and few monocotyledonous plants. Progress with this approach in monocotyledonous plants is limited so far by the availability of effective viral vectors. We engineered a set of foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV) and barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) vectors to deliver the fluorescent protein AmCyan to track viral infection and movement in Sorghum bicolor. We further used these viruses to deliver and express sgRNAs to Cas9 and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) expressing transgenic sorghum lines, targeting Phytoene desaturase (PDS), Magnesium-chelatase subunit I (MgCh), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase, orthologs of maize Lemon white1 (Lw1) or GFP. The recombinant BSMV did neither infect sorghum nor deliver or express AmCyan and sgRNAs. In contrast, the recombinant FoMV systemically spread throughout sorghum plants and induced somatic mutations with frequencies reaching up to 60%. This mutagenesis led to visible phenotypic changes, demonstrating the potential of FoMV for in planta gene editing and functional genomics studies in sorghum.

{"title":"Rapid and efficient in planta genome editing in sorghum using foxtail mosaic virus-mediated sgRNA delivery.","authors":"Can Baysal, Albert P Kausch, Jon P Cody, Fredy Altpeter, Daniel F Voytas","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The requirement of in vitro tissue culture for the delivery of gene editing reagents limits the application of gene editing to commercially relevant varieties of many crop species. To overcome this bottleneck, plant RNA viruses have been deployed as versatile tools for in planta delivery of recombinant RNA. Viral delivery of single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to transgenic plants that stably express CRISPR-associated (Cas) endonuclease has been successfully used for targeted mutagenesis in several dicotyledonous and few monocotyledonous plants. Progress with this approach in monocotyledonous plants is limited so far by the availability of effective viral vectors. We engineered a set of foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV) and barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) vectors to deliver the fluorescent protein AmCyan to track viral infection and movement in Sorghum bicolor. We further used these viruses to deliver and express sgRNAs to Cas9 and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) expressing transgenic sorghum lines, targeting Phytoene desaturase (PDS), Magnesium-chelatase subunit I (MgCh), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase, orthologs of maize Lemon white1 (Lw1) or GFP. The recombinant BSMV did neither infect sorghum nor deliver or express AmCyan and sgRNAs. In contrast, the recombinant FoMV systemically spread throughout sorghum plants and induced somatic mutations with frequencies reaching up to 60%. This mutagenesis led to visible phenotypic changes, demonstrating the potential of FoMV for in planta gene editing and functional genomics studies in sorghum.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A novel transcription factor CsSNACA2 plays a pivotal role within nitrogen assimilation in tea plants.
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17198
Deyuan Jiang, Li Xu, Weiwei Wen

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a globally renowned economic crop, with organs such as leaves and buds utilized for consumption. As a perennial foliage crop, tea plants have high-nitrogen consumption and demand but exhibit relatively low nitrogen use efficiency. Exploring the genetic factors involved in nitrogen assimilation in tea plants could lead to improvements in both tea yield and quality. Here, we first conducted transcriptome sequencing on two tissues (roots and young leaves) under two different nitrate levels (0.2 and 2.5 mm KNO3) and at six time points (0, 15, and 45 min; 2 and 6 h and 2 days). Differential gene expression patterns were observed for several genes that exhibited altered expression at 2 h. Clustering and enrichment analyses, along with co-expression network construction, provided evidence for the crucial involvement of CsSNACA2 in nitrogen assimilation. CsSNACA2 overexpression elicited pronounced phenotypic changes in nitrogen-deficient plants. Furthermore, CsSNACA2 suppressed the expression of CsNR (encoding nitrate reductase) and CsCLCa (encoding a NO 3 - $$ {mathrm{NO}}_3^{-} $$ /H+ exchanger). Moreover, CsSNACA2 served as a downstream target of CsSPL6.1. In addition, we characterized Csi-miR156e and Csi-miR156k, which directly cleave CsSPL6.1. This study identified a transcription factor module participating in nitrogen assimilation in tea plants, providing a genetic foundation for future innovations in tea cultivar improvement. These results broaden our understanding of the genetic mechanisms governing nitrogen assimilation in dicotyledonous plants.

{"title":"A novel transcription factor CsSNACA2 plays a pivotal role within nitrogen assimilation in tea plants.","authors":"Deyuan Jiang, Li Xu, Weiwei Wen","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a globally renowned economic crop, with organs such as leaves and buds utilized for consumption. As a perennial foliage crop, tea plants have high-nitrogen consumption and demand but exhibit relatively low nitrogen use efficiency. Exploring the genetic factors involved in nitrogen assimilation in tea plants could lead to improvements in both tea yield and quality. Here, we first conducted transcriptome sequencing on two tissues (roots and young leaves) under two different nitrate levels (0.2 and 2.5 mm KNO<sub>3</sub>) and at six time points (0, 15, and 45 min; 2 and 6 h and 2 days). Differential gene expression patterns were observed for several genes that exhibited altered expression at 2 h. Clustering and enrichment analyses, along with co-expression network construction, provided evidence for the crucial involvement of CsSNACA2 in nitrogen assimilation. CsSNACA2 overexpression elicited pronounced phenotypic changes in nitrogen-deficient plants. Furthermore, CsSNACA2 suppressed the expression of CsNR (encoding nitrate reductase) and CsCLCa (encoding a <math> <semantics> <mrow><msubsup><mi>NO</mi> <mn>3</mn> <mo>-</mo></msubsup> </mrow> <annotation>$$ {mathrm{NO}}_3^{-} $$</annotation></semantics> </math> /H<sup>+</sup> exchanger). Moreover, CsSNACA2 served as a downstream target of CsSPL6.1. In addition, we characterized Csi-miR156e and Csi-miR156k, which directly cleave CsSPL6.1. This study identified a transcription factor module participating in nitrogen assimilation in tea plants, providing a genetic foundation for future innovations in tea cultivar improvement. These results broaden our understanding of the genetic mechanisms governing nitrogen assimilation in dicotyledonous plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MdMYB54 reduces disease severity caused by Fusarium solani in apple by modulating cell wall cellulose and pectate lyase-dependent defense.
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17206
Qianwei Liu, Xiao Chen, Sujuan Li, Qian Wang, Yusong Liu, Zhijun Zhang, Chao Yang, Shuo Xu, Ke Mao, Fengwang Ma, Chao Li

The plant cell wall is the first barrier against pathogen invasion. Fusarium solani is the primary pathogen responsible for apple replant disease. In this study, we identified an MYB protein, MdMYB54, which interacts with the positive regulator of F. solani resistance, MdERF114, and confers apple-increased tolerance against F. solani. The cellulose synthetase (CESA) gene MdCesA6 and pectin lyase-like (PLL) genes MdPLL8 and MdPLL12 were screened as three potential downstream target genes of MdMYB54 using DAP-seq. The results of electrophoretic mobility shift and yeast one-hybrid assays showed that MdMYB54 directly binds to the promoters of MdCesA6, MdPLL8, and MdPLL12 in vivo and in vitro. Dual-luciferase and β-glucuronidase assays showed that MdMYB54 activates the expression of these genes. The cellulose content and pectin lyase activity of MdMYB54-overexpressed roots were significantly higher than those of wild-type plants under F. solani treatment but were the opposite in MdMYB54-RNAi roots. The deposition of cellulose enhanced the physical barrier of the plant cell wall, whereas the activation of pectin lyase promoted the formation of oligogalacturonides and the production of reactive oxygen species. Overexpression of MdCesA6, MdPLL8, and MdPLL12 in the root system enhanced the tolerance of apple to F. solani. The direct interaction of MdERF114 with MdMYB54 enhanced MdMYB54-mediated cell wall defense response. These results suggest that modifying these candidate genes may provide a strategy for improving the resistance of apple to F. solani.

{"title":"MdMYB54 reduces disease severity caused by Fusarium solani in apple by modulating cell wall cellulose and pectate lyase-dependent defense.","authors":"Qianwei Liu, Xiao Chen, Sujuan Li, Qian Wang, Yusong Liu, Zhijun Zhang, Chao Yang, Shuo Xu, Ke Mao, Fengwang Ma, Chao Li","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plant cell wall is the first barrier against pathogen invasion. Fusarium solani is the primary pathogen responsible for apple replant disease. In this study, we identified an MYB protein, MdMYB54, which interacts with the positive regulator of F. solani resistance, MdERF114, and confers apple-increased tolerance against F. solani. The cellulose synthetase (CESA) gene MdCesA6 and pectin lyase-like (PLL) genes MdPLL8 and MdPLL12 were screened as three potential downstream target genes of MdMYB54 using DAP-seq. The results of electrophoretic mobility shift and yeast one-hybrid assays showed that MdMYB54 directly binds to the promoters of MdCesA6, MdPLL8, and MdPLL12 in vivo and in vitro. Dual-luciferase and β-glucuronidase assays showed that MdMYB54 activates the expression of these genes. The cellulose content and pectin lyase activity of MdMYB54-overexpressed roots were significantly higher than those of wild-type plants under F. solani treatment but were the opposite in MdMYB54-RNAi roots. The deposition of cellulose enhanced the physical barrier of the plant cell wall, whereas the activation of pectin lyase promoted the formation of oligogalacturonides and the production of reactive oxygen species. Overexpression of MdCesA6, MdPLL8, and MdPLL12 in the root system enhanced the tolerance of apple to F. solani. The direct interaction of MdERF114 with MdMYB54 enhanced MdMYB54-mediated cell wall defense response. These results suggest that modifying these candidate genes may provide a strategy for improving the resistance of apple to F. solani.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Studying ER-membrane contact sites in plants using the optogenetic approach: Taking the LiMETER as an example.
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17191
Yifan Li, Charlotte Pain, Xuan Cui, Menghan Li, Tong Zhang, Jiejie Li, Verena Kriechbaumer, Pengwei Wang

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) links to multiple organelles through membrane contact sites (MCS), which play critical roles in signal transduction, cell homeostasis and stress response. However, studying the behaviour and functions of MCS in plants is still challenging, partially due to the lack of site-specific markers. Here, we used an optogenetic reporter, LiMETER (Light-inducible Membrane-Tethered cortical ER), to study the structure and dynamics of ER-PM contact sites (EPCS) in plants. Upon blue light activation, LiMETER is recruited to the EPCS rapidly, while this process is reversible when blue light is turned off. Compared with other EPCS reporters, LiMETER specifically and reversibly labels the contact sites, causing little side-effects on the ER structure and plant development. With its help, we re-examined the formation of ER-PM connections induced by cell-intrinsic factors or extracellular stimuli. We found that EPCSs are preferably localised at ER tubules and the edge of ER cisternae, and their number increased significantly under abiotic stress conditions. The abundance of ER and PM interaction is also developmental dependent, suggesting a direct link between ER-PM interaction, ER function and cell homeostasis. Taken together, we showed that LiMETER is an improved marker for functional and microscopical studies of ER-PM interaction, demonstrating the effectiveness of optogenetic tools in future research.

{"title":"Studying ER-membrane contact sites in plants using the optogenetic approach: Taking the LiMETER as an example.","authors":"Yifan Li, Charlotte Pain, Xuan Cui, Menghan Li, Tong Zhang, Jiejie Li, Verena Kriechbaumer, Pengwei Wang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) links to multiple organelles through membrane contact sites (MCS), which play critical roles in signal transduction, cell homeostasis and stress response. However, studying the behaviour and functions of MCS in plants is still challenging, partially due to the lack of site-specific markers. Here, we used an optogenetic reporter, LiMETER (Light-inducible Membrane-Tethered cortical ER), to study the structure and dynamics of ER-PM contact sites (EPCS) in plants. Upon blue light activation, LiMETER is recruited to the EPCS rapidly, while this process is reversible when blue light is turned off. Compared with other EPCS reporters, LiMETER specifically and reversibly labels the contact sites, causing little side-effects on the ER structure and plant development. With its help, we re-examined the formation of ER-PM connections induced by cell-intrinsic factors or extracellular stimuli. We found that EPCSs are preferably localised at ER tubules and the edge of ER cisternae, and their number increased significantly under abiotic stress conditions. The abundance of ER and PM interaction is also developmental dependent, suggesting a direct link between ER-PM interaction, ER function and cell homeostasis. Taken together, we showed that LiMETER is an improved marker for functional and microscopical studies of ER-PM interaction, demonstrating the effectiveness of optogenetic tools in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unlocking regeneration potential: harnessing morphogenic regulators and small peptides for enhanced plant engineering.
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17193
Christopher Youngstrom, Kan Wang, Keunsub Lee

Plant genetic transformation is essential for understanding gene functions and developing improved crop varieties. Traditional methods, often genotype-dependent, are limited by plants' recalcitrance to gene delivery and low regeneration capacity. To overcome these limitations, new approaches have emerged that greatly improve efficiency and genotype flexibility. This review summarizes key strategies recently developed for plant transformation, focusing on groundbreaking technologies enhancing explant- and genotype flexibility. It covers the use of morphogenic regulators (MRs), stem cell-based methods, and in planta transformation methods. MRs, such as maize Babyboom (BBM) with Wuschel2 (WUS2), and GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) with their cofactors GRF-interacting factors (GIFs), offer great potential for transforming many monocot species, including major cereal crops. Optimizing BBM/WUS2 expression cassettes has further enabled successful transformation and gene editing using seedling leaves as starting material. This technology lowers the barriers for academic laboratories to adopt monocot transformation systems. For dicot plants, tissue culture-free or in planta transformation methods, with or without the use of MRs, are emerging as more genotype-flexible alternatives to traditional tissue culture-based transformation systems. Additionally, the discovery of the local wound signal peptide Regeneration Factor 1 (REF1) has been shown to enhance transformation efficiency by activating wound-induced regeneration pathways in both monocot and dicot plants. Future research may combine these advances to develop truly genotype-independent transformation methods.

{"title":"Unlocking regeneration potential: harnessing morphogenic regulators and small peptides for enhanced plant engineering.","authors":"Christopher Youngstrom, Kan Wang, Keunsub Lee","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant genetic transformation is essential for understanding gene functions and developing improved crop varieties. Traditional methods, often genotype-dependent, are limited by plants' recalcitrance to gene delivery and low regeneration capacity. To overcome these limitations, new approaches have emerged that greatly improve efficiency and genotype flexibility. This review summarizes key strategies recently developed for plant transformation, focusing on groundbreaking technologies enhancing explant- and genotype flexibility. It covers the use of morphogenic regulators (MRs), stem cell-based methods, and in planta transformation methods. MRs, such as maize Babyboom (BBM) with Wuschel2 (WUS2), and GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) with their cofactors GRF-interacting factors (GIFs), offer great potential for transforming many monocot species, including major cereal crops. Optimizing BBM/WUS2 expression cassettes has further enabled successful transformation and gene editing using seedling leaves as starting material. This technology lowers the barriers for academic laboratories to adopt monocot transformation systems. For dicot plants, tissue culture-free or in planta transformation methods, with or without the use of MRs, are emerging as more genotype-flexible alternatives to traditional tissue culture-based transformation systems. Additionally, the discovery of the local wound signal peptide Regeneration Factor 1 (REF1) has been shown to enhance transformation efficiency by activating wound-induced regeneration pathways in both monocot and dicot plants. Future research may combine these advances to develop truly genotype-independent transformation methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial—Announcement of the 2024 TPJ fellows
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17153
Katherine Denby, Haim Treves, Joerg Bohlmann, Alisdair R. Fernie

We are very pleased to announce the recipients of the 2024 TPJ Fellowship awards are Pallavi Singh and Khaled Selim.

Pallavi is a Group Leader at the University of Essex, United Kingdom, and has recently been awarded a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship. Her research focuses on enhancing photosynthetic productivity by balancing plant water supply with carbon gain to maximise water use in rice. Her group investigates various aspects of photosynthesis, utilising natural variation and functional genomic approaches to better understand the complex trait of water use efficiency. The overarching goal of her research is to promote climate-smart agriculture.

Khaled was recently appointed Professor for Phototroph Microbiology at the University of Düsseldorf, Germany. Previously, he was a Junior Professor for Microbiology at the University of Freiburg and a Junior Group Leader at the University of Tübingen, Germany where he also obtained his PhD after achieving his B.Sc. and M.Sc. from Cairo University in Egypt. Until 2023, he was a guest fellow at the Department of Protein Evolution in Max Plank institute for Biology, Germany.

Congratulations to both of them. We are delighted to welcome them to The Plant Journal and help support them in their scientific careers.

{"title":"Editorial—Announcement of the 2024 TPJ fellows","authors":"Katherine Denby,&nbsp;Haim Treves,&nbsp;Joerg Bohlmann,&nbsp;Alisdair R. Fernie","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17153","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We are very pleased to announce the recipients of the 2024 TPJ Fellowship awards are <b>Pallavi Singh</b> and <b>Khaled Selim</b>.</p><p><b>Pallavi</b> is a Group Leader at the University of Essex, United Kingdom, and has recently been awarded a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship. Her research focuses on enhancing photosynthetic productivity by balancing plant water supply with carbon gain to maximise water use in rice. Her group investigates various aspects of photosynthesis, utilising natural variation and functional genomic approaches to better understand the complex trait of water use efficiency. The overarching goal of her research is to promote climate-smart agriculture.</p><p><b>Khaled</b> was recently appointed Professor for Phototroph Microbiology at the University of Düsseldorf, Germany. Previously, he was a Junior Professor for Microbiology at the University of Freiburg and a Junior Group Leader at the University of Tübingen, Germany where he also obtained his PhD after achieving his B.Sc. and M.Sc. from Cairo University in Egypt. Until 2023, he was a guest fellow at the Department of Protein Evolution in Max Plank institute for Biology, Germany.</p><p>Congratulations to both of them. We are delighted to welcome them to The Plant Journal and help support them in their scientific careers.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"120 5","pages":"1699"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.17153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhancing tomato salt tolerance through polyamine transport and modification
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17161
Gwendolyn Kirschner
<p>Worldwide, 11% of irrigated land is affected by salinization (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, <span>2011</span>), limiting crop productivity due to osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and secondary stresses like oxidative and nutritional stress (Zhao et al., <span>2020</span>).</p><p>Recent studies have highlighted the role of polyamines in regulating tolerance to abiotic stress (Alcázar et al., <span>2010</span>). Polyamines, such as putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm), are low molecular weight aliphatic nitrogenous bases found in higher plants. They often conjugate with phenolic acids to form phenolamides, which act as antioxidants and play a significant role in the salt stress response of plants (Chen et al., <span>2019</span>).</p><p>Jie Yang, a postdoc in Shouchuang Wang's Lab at Hainan University in China and first author of the highlighted publication, is studying the modulation of polyamines in response to various stresses. As a former agricultural college student, he wants to use scientific and technological achievements to help promote agriculture, thereby raising farmers' living standards. Shouchuang Wang's Lab focuses on plant metabolomic research, developing new technologies for detection and using multi-omics tools to study metabolites, including polyamines. For their study, Yang and colleagues characterized the genetic basis of natural variation in polyamine and phenolamide metabolism in tomato (Yang et al., <span>2024</span>).</p><p>Tomatoes are a model plant for studying metabolic pathways due to their rich metabolic resources and well-established research system. However, domestication has led to the loss of disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance traits, posing challenges to cultivation. Investigating genetic loci influencing tomato resistance is crucial for breeding high-resistance and high-quality varieties (Wang et al., <span>2024</span>).</p><p>Yang et al. used a metabolome-based genome-wide association study (mGWAS) on fruit polyamine data of 276 tomato accessions. They identified 12 loci significantly associated with polyamine accumulation, focusing on one locus on Chromosome 8. This locus included genes encoding a polyamine uptake transporter (<i>SlPUT3</i>), polyphenol oxidases (<i>SlPPOE</i> and <i>SlPPOF</i>), BAHD acyltransferases (<i>SlAT4</i> and <i>SlAT5</i>), and a 4-coumarate-coA ligase (<i>Sl4CL6</i>). Because polyamine synthesis mostly occurs in meristematic and growing tissue (Chen et al., <span>2019</span>) and all six genes were co-expressed in tomato roots, the authors hypothesized that these six genes form a gene cluster responsible for polyamine modification and transport.</p><p>Functional analysis showed that these genes are involved in polyamine modification and phenolamide synthesis. The polyamine transport function of SlPUT3 was confirmed in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes, and overexpressing <i>SlPUT3</i> in tomatoes led to growth defects when supplemented wit
{"title":"Enhancing tomato salt tolerance through polyamine transport and modification","authors":"Gwendolyn Kirschner","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17161","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17161","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Worldwide, 11% of irrigated land is affected by salinization (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;), limiting crop productivity due to osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and secondary stresses like oxidative and nutritional stress (Zhao et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recent studies have highlighted the role of polyamines in regulating tolerance to abiotic stress (Alcázar et al., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;). Polyamines, such as putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm), are low molecular weight aliphatic nitrogenous bases found in higher plants. They often conjugate with phenolic acids to form phenolamides, which act as antioxidants and play a significant role in the salt stress response of plants (Chen et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jie Yang, a postdoc in Shouchuang Wang's Lab at Hainan University in China and first author of the highlighted publication, is studying the modulation of polyamines in response to various stresses. As a former agricultural college student, he wants to use scientific and technological achievements to help promote agriculture, thereby raising farmers' living standards. Shouchuang Wang's Lab focuses on plant metabolomic research, developing new technologies for detection and using multi-omics tools to study metabolites, including polyamines. For their study, Yang and colleagues characterized the genetic basis of natural variation in polyamine and phenolamide metabolism in tomato (Yang et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tomatoes are a model plant for studying metabolic pathways due to their rich metabolic resources and well-established research system. However, domestication has led to the loss of disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance traits, posing challenges to cultivation. Investigating genetic loci influencing tomato resistance is crucial for breeding high-resistance and high-quality varieties (Wang et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yang et al. used a metabolome-based genome-wide association study (mGWAS) on fruit polyamine data of 276 tomato accessions. They identified 12 loci significantly associated with polyamine accumulation, focusing on one locus on Chromosome 8. This locus included genes encoding a polyamine uptake transporter (&lt;i&gt;SlPUT3&lt;/i&gt;), polyphenol oxidases (&lt;i&gt;SlPPOE&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;SlPPOF&lt;/i&gt;), BAHD acyltransferases (&lt;i&gt;SlAT4&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;SlAT5&lt;/i&gt;), and a 4-coumarate-coA ligase (&lt;i&gt;Sl4CL6&lt;/i&gt;). Because polyamine synthesis mostly occurs in meristematic and growing tissue (Chen et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;) and all six genes were co-expressed in tomato roots, the authors hypothesized that these six genes form a gene cluster responsible for polyamine modification and transport.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Functional analysis showed that these genes are involved in polyamine modification and phenolamide synthesis. The polyamine transport function of SlPUT3 was confirmed in &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt; oocytes, and overexpressing &lt;i&gt;SlPUT3&lt;/i&gt; in tomatoes led to growth defects when supplemented wit","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"120 5","pages":"1700-1701"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.17161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In conversation with Dr. Jenny Mortimer
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17160
<p>@Jenny_Mortimer1</p><p>http://www.mortimerlab.org/</p><p>Jenny Mortimer is an Associate Professor of Plant Synthetic Biology at the University of Adelaide's School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and serves as the Interim Deputy Director of The Waite Research Institute. With affiliations at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and leadership roles at the Joint BioEnergy Institute, her work focuses on engineering plant cell metabolism, particularly glycosylation, to develop crops that support a sustainable bioeconomy. Her research spans biofuel production, resilient crop development, and space agriculture, with collaborations across Australia and the US, including projects funded by the US Department of Energy and the Australian Research Council. In this interview, Jenny discusses her journey, the challenges and exciting possibilities of plant synthetic biology, and how her team's work could transform industries ranging from renewable energy to space exploration. She also shares insights into the future of sustainable agriculture and how synthetic biology can address pressing global challenges.</p><p>1. Would you tell us about your background? Where did you grow up and go to school, anything that you want to share?</p><p>I grew up in a fairly international family. My dad was Maltese, and my mum, though British, was born in Malaysia. My dad was in the British army, so I was born in Brunei, but we moved around a lot. This was disruptive to schooling, but it helped me adapt to, and even enjoy, the frequent relocations that often come with an academic career. I earned my bachelor's degree in biological sciences from the University of Bristol (UK), and after a brief detour into bioinformatics for my master's at the University of Exeter (UK), I realized I loved bench experiments. As a result, I pursued my PhD in plant physiology and biochemistry at the University of Cambridge (UK).</p><p>2. Was science a natural thing for you growing up or did it come later in life?</p><p>I was fascinated by how things worked from an early age. Although no one in my family or social circle had gone to university or worked in science, I was always encouraged to explore my curiosity – through books or visits to museums. Initially, I thought I would be a marine biologist, but then David Attenborough's series “The Private Life of Plants” came out when I was about 13. It used time-lapse cameras to show how plants move and respond, and from that moment, I was hooked.</p><p>3. What is your current research about?</p><p>My group is using synthetic biology to develop sustainable novel crops for food production and bioproducts as well as to understand the fundamentals of glycosylation in plants. These strands come together in our work to engineer the plant cell wall to improve its performance in the biorefinery to make biofuels and bioproducts. There is a huge amount we still do not know about how individual polysaccharides are made, let alone how they come together to form
{"title":"In conversation with Dr. Jenny Mortimer","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17160","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17160","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;@Jenny_Mortimer1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;http://www.mortimerlab.org/&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jenny Mortimer is an Associate Professor of Plant Synthetic Biology at the University of Adelaide's School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and serves as the Interim Deputy Director of The Waite Research Institute. With affiliations at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and leadership roles at the Joint BioEnergy Institute, her work focuses on engineering plant cell metabolism, particularly glycosylation, to develop crops that support a sustainable bioeconomy. Her research spans biofuel production, resilient crop development, and space agriculture, with collaborations across Australia and the US, including projects funded by the US Department of Energy and the Australian Research Council. In this interview, Jenny discusses her journey, the challenges and exciting possibilities of plant synthetic biology, and how her team's work could transform industries ranging from renewable energy to space exploration. She also shares insights into the future of sustainable agriculture and how synthetic biology can address pressing global challenges.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;1. Would you tell us about your background? Where did you grow up and go to school, anything that you want to share?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I grew up in a fairly international family. My dad was Maltese, and my mum, though British, was born in Malaysia. My dad was in the British army, so I was born in Brunei, but we moved around a lot. This was disruptive to schooling, but it helped me adapt to, and even enjoy, the frequent relocations that often come with an academic career. I earned my bachelor's degree in biological sciences from the University of Bristol (UK), and after a brief detour into bioinformatics for my master's at the University of Exeter (UK), I realized I loved bench experiments. As a result, I pursued my PhD in plant physiology and biochemistry at the University of Cambridge (UK).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;2. Was science a natural thing for you growing up or did it come later in life?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I was fascinated by how things worked from an early age. Although no one in my family or social circle had gone to university or worked in science, I was always encouraged to explore my curiosity – through books or visits to museums. Initially, I thought I would be a marine biologist, but then David Attenborough's series “The Private Life of Plants” came out when I was about 13. It used time-lapse cameras to show how plants move and respond, and from that moment, I was hooked.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;3. What is your current research about?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;My group is using synthetic biology to develop sustainable novel crops for food production and bioproducts as well as to understand the fundamentals of glycosylation in plants. These strands come together in our work to engineer the plant cell wall to improve its performance in the biorefinery to make biofuels and bioproducts. There is a huge amount we still do not know about how individual polysaccharides are made, let alone how they come together to form","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"120 5","pages":"1702-1705"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.17160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The importin α proteins IMPA1, IMPA2, and IMPA4 play redundant roles in suppressing autoimmunity in Arabidopsis thaliana.
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17203
Airi Mori, Shitomi Nakagawa, Toshiyuki Suzuki, Takamasa Suzuki, Valérie Gaudin, Takakazu Matsuura, Yoko Ikeda, Kentaro Tamura

Proteins in the importin α (IMPA) family play pivotal roles in intracellular nucleocytoplasmic transport. Arabidopsis thaliana possesses nine IMPA members, with diverse tissue-specific expression patterns. Among these nine IMPAs, IMPA1, IMPA2, and IMPA4 cluster together phylogenetically, suggesting potential functional redundancy. To explore this redundancy, we analyzed single and multiple T-DNA mutants for these genes and discovered severe growth defects in the impa1 impa2 impa4 triple knockout mutant but not in the single or double mutants. Complementation with IMPA1, IMPA2, or IMPA4 fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) rescued the growth defects observed in the impa1 impa2 impa4 mutant, indicating the functional redundancy of these three IMPAs. The IMPA-GFP fusion proteins were localized in the nucleus and nuclear envelope, suggesting their involvement in nucleocytoplasmic transport processes. Comparative transcriptomics revealed that salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genes were significantly upregulated in the impa1 impa2 impa4 triple mutant. Consistent with this observation, impa1 impa2 impa4 mutant plants accumulated SA and reactive oxygen species to high levels compared with wild-type plants. We also found enhanced resistance to the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum in the impa1 impa2 impa4 mutants, suggesting that defense responses were constitutively activated in the impa1 impa2 impa4 mutant. Our findings shed light on the redundant roles of IMPA1, IMPA2, and IMPA4 in suppressing the autoimmune responses and suggest avenues of research to clarify their potentially unique roles.

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引用次数: 0
Transcription factors CpSPL5 and CpSPL8 negatively regulate salt tolerance in Codonopsis pilosula by inhibiting SOS pathway.
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17205
Qianmo Li, Qianqian Yang, Shuai Dong, Fan Fu, Yujie Xin, Heng Kang, Yucui Wu, Xiaoyan Cao

Environmental stresses such as salt and drought severely affect plant growth and development. SQUAMOSA-promoter binding protein-like (SPL) transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in the regulation of diverse processes; however, reports describing the SPL regulation of plant responses to abiotic stress are relatively few. In this study, two stress-responsive TFs from Codonopsis pilosula (CpSPL5 and CpSPL8) are reported, which confer salt stress sensitivity. CpSPL5 and CpSPL8 are expressed in almost all tissues and localized in the nucleus, where the CpSPL5 transcript level is relatively higher than that of CpSPL8. Their expression levels are significantly suppressed in hairy roots treated with ABA, NaCl, PEG-6000, and under high temperature stress. Compared with the control, CpSPL5, or CpSPL8-overexpressed hairy roots increased salt stress sensitivity, and exhibited higher levels of O2- and MDA, as well as lower superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. Further, the CpSPL5 or CpSPL8 interference transgenic hairy roots enhanced salt tolerance and exhibited contrasting phenotype and antioxidant indices. Although all genotypes revealed significantly increased Na+ and decreased K+ contents under salt stress, the physiological indicators of CpSPL5 or CpSPL8-interference transgenic hairy roots could be partially restored, where CpSPL5 was more sensitive to salt stress than CpSPL8. A yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assay revealed that CpSPL5 and CpSPL8 directly targeted and inhibited the expression of CpSOS2 in the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway, which promoted salt stress sensitivity. Our findings suggest that CpSPL5 and CpSPL8 served as negative regulators of salt tolerance, which indicate that members of the SPL family participate in the plant SOS pathway.

盐和干旱等环境胁迫严重影响植物的生长和发育。SQUAMOSA-启动子结合蛋白样(SPL)转录因子(TFs)在多种过程的调控中发挥着关键作用;然而,描述SPL调控植物对非生物性胁迫反应的报道相对较少。本研究报告了两种来自拟南芥的胁迫响应 TFs(CpSPL5 和 CpSPL8),它们赋予拟南芥对盐胁迫的敏感性。CpSPL5 和 CpSPL8 几乎在所有组织中都有表达,定位于细胞核中,其中 CpSPL5 的转录水平相对高于 CpSPL8。它们的表达水平在经 ABA、NaCl、PEG-6000 处理和高温胁迫的毛细根中受到明显抑制。与对照相比,CpSPL5 或 CpSPL8 表达的毛细根对盐胁迫的敏感性增加,表现出更高的 O2-和 MDA 水平,以及更低的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性。此外,CpSPL5 或 CpSPL8 干扰转基因毛细根增强了耐盐性,并表现出截然不同的表型和抗氧化指数。虽然在盐胁迫下所有基因型的 Na+ 含量都明显增加,K+ 含量明显减少,但 CpSPL5 或 CpSPL8 干扰转基因毛根的生理指标可以得到部分恢复,其中 CpSPL5 比 CpSPL8 对盐胁迫更敏感。酵母单杂交和双荧光素酶检测发现,CpSPL5和CpSPL8直接靶向抑制了盐过度敏感(SOS)通路中CpSOS2的表达,从而促进了对盐胁迫的敏感性。我们的研究结果表明,CpSPL5和CpSPL8是耐盐性的负调控因子,这表明SPL家族成员参与了植物SOS通路。
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引用次数: 0
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