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A transcriptome atlas of zygotic and somatic embryogenesis in Norway spruce. 挪威云杉合子和体细胞胚胎发生的转录组图谱。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17087
Katja Stojkovič, Camilla Canovi, Kim-Cuong Le, Iftikhar Ahmad, Ioana Gaboreanu, Sofie Johansson, Nicolas Delhomme, Ulrika Egertsdotter, Nathaniel R Street

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a powerful model system for studying embryo development and an important method for scaling up availability of elite and climate-adapted genetic material of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst). However, there are several steps during the development of the somatic embryo (Sem) that are suboptimal compared to zygotic embryo (Zem) development. These differences are poorly understood and result in substantial yield losses during plant production, which limits cost-effective large-scale production of SE plants. This study presents a comprehensive data resource profiling gene expression during zygotic and somatic embryo development to support studies aiming to advance understanding of gene regulatory programmes controlling embryo development. Transcriptome expression patterns were analysed during zygotic embryogenesis (ZE) in Norway spruce, including separated samples of the female gametophytes and Zem, and at multiple stages during SE. Expression data from eight developmental stages of SE, starting with pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs) up until germination, revealed extensive modulation of the transcriptome between the early and mid-stage maturing embryos and at the transition of desiccated embryos to germination. Comparative analysis of gene expression changes during ZE and SE identified differences in the pattern of gene expression changes and functional enrichment of these provided insight into the associated biological processes. Orthologs of transcription factors known to regulate embryo development in angiosperms were differentially regulated during Zem and Sem development and in the different zygotic embryo tissues, providing clues to the differences in development observed between Zem and Sem. This resource represents the most comprehensive dataset available for exploring embryo development in conifers.

体细胞胚胎发生(SE)是研究胚胎发育的强大模型系统,也是扩大挪威云杉(Picea abies L. Karst)精英和气候适应性遗传材料可用性的重要方法。然而,在体细胞胚胎(Sem)的发育过程中,有几个步骤与子代胚胎(Zem)的发育相比并不理想。人们对这些差异知之甚少,因此在植物生产过程中造成了巨大的产量损失,限制了 SE 植物经济高效的大规模生产。本研究提供了一个全面的数据资源,分析了合子胚和体细胞胚发育过程中的基因表达,以支持旨在促进对控制胚发育的基因调控程序的了解的研究。研究人员分析了挪威云杉子代胚胎发生(ZE)过程中的转录组表达模式,包括雌配子体和Zem的分离样本,以及SE过程中多个阶段的转录组表达模式。从原胚胎块(PEM)开始直至萌芽的八个发育阶段的表达数据显示,转录组在早期和中期成熟胚胎之间以及在干燥胚胎向萌芽的过渡阶段发生了广泛的变化。对ZE和SE期间基因表达变化的比较分析发现了基因表达变化模式的差异,对这些差异的功能富集有助于深入了解相关的生物过程。已知调控被子植物胚胎发育的转录因子的同源物在Zem和Sem发育过程中以及在不同的合子胚胎组织中受到不同的调控,从而为观察到Zem和Sem发育过程中的差异提供了线索。该资源是目前可用于探索针叶树胚胎发育的最全面的数据集。
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引用次数: 0
ZmSCE1a positively regulates drought tolerance by enhancing the stability of ZmGCN5. ZmSCE1a 通过增强 ZmGCN5 的稳定性来正向调节耐旱性。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17103
Tianyu Feng, Yuxian Wang, Mingcai Zhang, Junhong Zhuang, Yuyi Zhou, Liusheng Duan

Drought stress impairs plant growth and poses a serious threat to maize (Zea mays) production and yield. Nevertheless, the elucidation of the molecular basis of drought resistance in maize is still uncertain. In this study, we identified ZmSCE1a, a SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme, as a positive regulator of drought tolerance in maize. Molecular and biochemical assays indicated that E3 SUMO ligase ZmMMS21 acts together with ZmSCE1a to SUMOylate histone acetyltransferase complexes (ZmGCN5-ZmADA2b). SUMOylation of ZmGCN5 enhances its stability through the 26S proteasome pathway. Furthermore, ZmGCN5-overexpressing plants showed drought tolerance performance. It alleviated O 2 - $$ {mathrm{O}}_2^{-} $$ accumulation, malondialdehyde content, and ion permeability. What's more, the transcripts of stress-responsive genes and abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent genes were also significantly upregulated in ZmGCN5-overexpressing plants under drought stress. Overexpression of ZmGCN5 enhanced drought-induced ABA production in seedlings. Taken together, our results indicate that ZmSCE1a enhances the stability of ZmGCN5, thereby alleviating drought-induced oxidative damage and enhancing drought stress response in maize.

干旱胁迫损害植物生长,对玉米(Zea mays)的产量和收益构成严重威胁。然而,玉米抗旱性的分子基础尚不明确。在这项研究中,我们发现 ZmSCE1a(一种 SUMO E2-结合酶)是玉米抗旱性的正调控因子。分子和生化实验表明,E3 SUMO连接酶ZmMMS21与ZmSCE1a共同作用于组蛋白乙酰转移酶复合物(ZmGCN5-ZmADA2b)的SUMO化。ZmGCN5 的 SUMOylation 可通过 26S 蛋白酶体途径增强其稳定性。此外,ZmGCN5-overexpressing植株表现出耐旱性。它减轻了O 2 - $$ {mathrm{O}}_2^{-}$$ 积累、丙二醛含量和离子渗透性。此外,在干旱胁迫下,ZmGCN5-overexpressing植株的胁迫响应基因和脱落酸(ABA)依赖基因的转录本也显著上调。ZmGCN5 的过表达增强了干旱诱导的 ABA 在幼苗中的产生。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,ZmSCE1a能增强ZmGCN5的稳定性,从而减轻干旱诱导的氧化损伤,增强玉米的干旱胁迫响应。
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引用次数: 0
Insights into physiological roles of flavonoids in plant cold acclimation. 黄酮类化合物在植物耐寒过程中的生理作用。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17097
Anastasia Kitashova, Martin Lehmann, Serena Schwenkert, Maximilian Münch, Dario Leister, Thomas Nägele

Flavonoids represent a diverse group of plant specialised metabolites which are also discussed in the context of dietary health and inflammatory response. Numerous studies have revealed that flavonoids play a central role in plant acclimation to abiotic factors like low temperature or high light, but their structural and functional diversity frequently prevents a detailed mechanistic understanding. Further complexity in analysing flavonoid metabolism arises from the different subcellular compartments which are involved in biosynthesis and storage. In the present study, non-aqueous fractionation of Arabidopsis leaf tissue was combined with metabolomics and proteomics analysis to reveal the effects of flavonoid deficiencies on subcellular metabolism during cold acclimation. During the first 3 days of a 2-week cold acclimation period, flavonoid deficiency was observed to affect pyruvate, citrate and glutamate metabolism which indicated a role in stabilising C/N metabolism and photosynthesis. Also, tetrahydrofolate metabolism was found to be affected, which had significant effects on the proteome of the photorespiratory pathway. In the late stage of cold acclimation, flavonoid deficiency was found to affect protein stability, folding and proteasomal degradation, which resulted in a significant decrease in total protein amounts in both mutants. In summary, these findings suggest that flavonoid metabolism plays different roles in the early and late stages of plant cold acclimation and significantly contributes to establishing a new protein homeostasis in a changing environment.

黄酮类化合物是植物专门代谢产物的一个多样化群体,在饮食健康和炎症反应方面也有讨论。大量研究表明,类黄酮在植物适应低温或强光等非生物因素的过程中发挥着核心作用,但其结构和功能的多样性往往阻碍了对其机理的详细了解。参与生物合成和贮藏的亚细胞区系不同,进一步增加了分析类黄酮代谢的复杂性。在本研究中,拟南芥叶片组织的非水分馏与代谢组学和蛋白质组学分析相结合,揭示了类黄酮缺乏对低温适应过程中亚细胞代谢的影响。在为期两周的冷适应期的前三天,类黄酮缺乏会影响丙酮酸、柠檬酸和谷氨酸的代谢,这表明类黄酮在稳定C/N代谢和光合作用方面发挥作用。此外,还发现四氢叶酸代谢受到影响,这对光呼吸途径的蛋白质组有显著影响。在冷适应后期,黄酮类化合物的缺乏会影响蛋白质的稳定性、折叠和蛋白酶体降解,从而导致两种突变体的蛋白质总量显著下降。总之,这些研究结果表明,类黄酮代谢在植物冷适应的早期和晚期阶段发挥着不同的作用,并对在不断变化的环境中建立新的蛋白质平衡做出了重要贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Whole-chromosome oligo-painting in licorice unveils interspecific chromosomal evolutionary relationships and possible origin of triploid genome species. 甘草的全染色体寡染揭示了种间染色体进化关系和三倍体基因组物种的可能起源。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17102
Zhuang Meng, Qian Zheng, Shandang Shi, Wei Wang, Fei Wang, Quanliang Xie, Xifeng Chen, Haitao Shen, Guanghui Xiao, Hongbin Li

Licorice is one of the most extensively studied medicinal plants in the world, whose roots and rhizomes have long been used as both a sweetener and an essential component in numerous herbal preparations. However, the genus Glycyrrhiza has a complex composition, and the interspecies chromosomal relationships, origin, and evolution are still largely unclear. Here, we develop a set of whole-chromosome painting probes that allowed identification of all eight chromosomes of licorice on same metaphase chromosomes. Comparative chromosome painting analyses in seven different Glycyrrhiza species revealed that the genus Glycyrrhiza maintained extraordinarily conserved chromosomal synteny after about 3-12 million years of divergence. No cytologically visible inter-chromosomal rearrangements were identified in any species. By comparative chromosomal karyotype analyses, we revealed interspecific chromosome evolutionary relationships and dramatic variable chromosomal karyotype after independent divergence and demonstrated that G. prostrate was the most closely related to the ancestral type among the seven Glycyrrhiza species. Furthermore, we also discovered a G. glandulosa seed with distinct triploid-genome for the first time in China, suggesting the existence of a polyploid evolutionary pathway in the genus Glycyrrhiza, which challenges the previous notion that only diploids of licorice existed in nature. This study expands our knowledge of the chromosome evolution of licorice and will lay an important foundation for the genome origin and evolution studies in the genus Glycyrrhiza.

甘草是世界上研究最广泛的药用植物之一,其根和根茎长期以来一直被用作甜味剂和众多草药制剂中的重要成分。然而,甘草属植物成分复杂,种间染色体关系、起源和进化在很大程度上仍不清楚。在这里,我们开发了一套全染色体涂染探针,可以在同一条移相染色体上鉴定甘草的所有八条染色体。对七个不同甘草物种进行的染色体涂色比较分析表明,甘草属植物在经历了大约 300-1200 万年的分化之后,仍然保持着异常保守的染色体同源关系。在任何物种中都没有发现细胞学上可见的染色体间重排。通过染色体核型比较分析,我们揭示了独立分化后种间染色体进化关系和染色体核型的巨大变异,并证明匍匐甘草是七个甘草种中与祖先类型关系最密切的。此外,我们还在中国首次发现了具有独特三倍体基因组的 G. glandulosa 种子,表明甘草属存在多倍体进化途径,这对以往认为自然界中只存在甘草二倍体的观点提出了质疑。该研究拓展了我们对甘草染色体进化的认识,将为甘草属基因组起源和进化研究奠定重要基础。
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引用次数: 0
Expanding the BonnMu sequence-indexed repository of transposon induced maize (Zea mays L.) mutations in dent and flint germplasm. 扩充波恩姆(BonnMu)转座子诱导的玉米(Zea mays L.)齿状和燧状种质突变序列索引库。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17088
Yan Naing Win, Tyll Stöcker, Xuelian Du, Alexa Brox, Marion Pitz, Alina Klaus, Hans-Peter Piepho, Heiko Schoof, Frank Hochholdinger, Caroline Marcon

The BonnMu resource is a transposon tagged mutant collection designed for functional genomics studies in maize. To expand this resource, we crossed an active Mutator (Mu) stock with dent (B73, Co125) and flint (DK105, EP1, and F7) germplasm, resulting in the generation of 8064 mutagenized BonnMu F2-families. Sequencing of these Mu-tagged families revealed 425 924 presumptive heritable Mu insertions affecting 36 612 (83%) of the 44 303 high-confidence gene models of maize (B73v5). On average, we observed 12 Mu insertions per gene (425 924 total insertions/36 612 affected genes) and 53 insertions per BonnMu F2-family (425 924 total insertions/8064 families). Mu insertions and photos of seedling phenotypes from segregating BonnMu F2-families can be accessed through the Maize Genetics and Genomics Database (MaizeGDB). Downstream examination via the automated Mutant-seq Workflow Utility (MuWU) identified 94% of the presumptive germinal insertion sites in genic regions and only a small fraction of 6% inserting in non-coding intergenic sequences of the genome. Consistently, Mu insertions aligned with gene-dense chromosomal arms. In total, 42% of all BonnMu insertions were located in the 5' untranslated region of genes, corresponding to accessible chromatin. Furthermore, for 38% of the insertions (163 843 of 425 924 total insertions) Mu1, Mu8 and MuDR were confirmed to be the causal Mu elements. Our publicly accessible European BonnMu resource has archived insertions covering two major germplasm groups, thus facilitating both forward and reverse genetics studies.

BonnMu 资源是为玉米功能基因组学研究而设计的转座子标记突变体集合。为了扩大这一资源,我们将活性突变体(Mu)种群与凹痕(B73、Co125)和火石(DK105、EP1 和 F7)种质杂交,产生了 8064 个诱变的 BonnMu F2 家族。对这些带有 Mu 标记的家系进行测序,发现 425 924 个推定的可遗传 Mu 插入影响了 44 303 个高置信度玉米基因模型(B73v5)中的 36 612 个(83%)。我们平均观察到每个基因有 12 个 Mu 插入(425 924 个总插入/36 612 个受影响基因),每个 BonnMu F2 家系有 53 个插入(425 924 个总插入/8064 个家系)。可通过玉米遗传学和基因组学数据库(MaizeGDB)访问波恩穆 F2 家系的穆插入基因和幼苗表型照片。通过自动突变测序工作流实用程序(MuWU)进行的下游检查发现,94% 的推定胚芽插入位点位于基因区,只有 6% 的小部分插入基因组的非编码基因间序列。一致的是,Mu插入位点与基因密集的染色体臂一致。总共有 42% 的 BonnMu 插入位于基因的 5' 非翻译区,与可访问的染色质相对应。此外,38%的插入基因(425 924个插入基因中的163 843个)的Mu1、Mu8和MuDR被证实是致病的Mu元件。我们可公开访问的欧洲波恩Mu资源拥有涵盖两个主要种质群的插入归档,从而为正向和反向遗传学研究提供了便利。
{"title":"Expanding the BonnMu sequence-indexed repository of transposon induced maize (Zea mays L.) mutations in dent and flint germplasm.","authors":"Yan Naing Win, Tyll Stöcker, Xuelian Du, Alexa Brox, Marion Pitz, Alina Klaus, Hans-Peter Piepho, Heiko Schoof, Frank Hochholdinger, Caroline Marcon","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The BonnMu resource is a transposon tagged mutant collection designed for functional genomics studies in maize. To expand this resource, we crossed an active Mutator (Mu) stock with dent (B73, Co125) and flint (DK105, EP1, and F7) germplasm, resulting in the generation of 8064 mutagenized BonnMu F<sub>2</sub>-families. Sequencing of these Mu-tagged families revealed 425 924 presumptive heritable Mu insertions affecting 36 612 (83%) of the 44 303 high-confidence gene models of maize (B73v5). On average, we observed 12 Mu insertions per gene (425 924 total insertions/36 612 affected genes) and 53 insertions per BonnMu F<sub>2</sub>-family (425 924 total insertions/8064 families). Mu insertions and photos of seedling phenotypes from segregating BonnMu F<sub>2</sub>-families can be accessed through the Maize Genetics and Genomics Database (MaizeGDB). Downstream examination via the automated Mutant-seq Workflow Utility (MuWU) identified 94% of the presumptive germinal insertion sites in genic regions and only a small fraction of 6% inserting in non-coding intergenic sequences of the genome. Consistently, Mu insertions aligned with gene-dense chromosomal arms. In total, 42% of all BonnMu insertions were located in the 5' untranslated region of genes, corresponding to accessible chromatin. Furthermore, for 38% of the insertions (163 843 of 425 924 total insertions) Mu1, Mu8 and MuDR were confirmed to be the causal Mu elements. Our publicly accessible European BonnMu resource has archived insertions covering two major germplasm groups, thus facilitating both forward and reverse genetics studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The thylakoid phosphatase TEF8 is involved in state transition and high light stress resistance in Chlamydomonas. 类木质磷酸酶 TEF8 参与了衣藻的状态转换和强光胁迫抗性。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17108
Jie Dong, Jinrong Hou, Qiang Yao, Baoxiang Wang, Jingyi Wang, Xuan Shen, Ke Lai, Haitao Ge, Yingchun Wang, Min Xu, Aigen Fu, Fei Wang

The sophisticated regulation of state transition is required to maintain optimal photosynthetic performance under fluctuating light condition, through balancing the absorbed light energy between photosystem II and photosystem I. This exquisite process incorporates phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of light-harvesting complexes and PSII core subunits, accomplished by thylakoid membrane-localized kinases and phosphatases that have not been fully identified. In this study, one Chlamydomonas high light response gene, THYLAKOID ENRICHED FRACTION 8 (TEF8), was characterized. The Chlamydomonas tef8 mutant showed high light sensitivity and defective state transition. The enzymatic activity assays showed that TEF8 is a bona fide phosphatase localized in thylakoid membranes. Biochemical assays, including BN-PAGE, pull-down, and phosphopeptide mass spectrometry, proved that TEF8 associates with photosystem II and is involved in the dephosphorylation of D2 and CP29 subunits during state 2 to state 1 transition. Taken together, our results identified TEF8 as a thylakoid phosphatase with multiple dephosphorylation targets on photosystem II, and provide new insight into the regulatory mechanism of state transition and high light resistance in Chlamydomonas.

在波动的光照条件下,需要通过平衡光系统 II 和光系统 I 之间吸收的光能来维持光合作用的最佳性能。这一复杂的过程包括光收集复合物和 PSII 核心亚基的磷酸化和去磷酸化,由尚未完全确定的位于类木质膜的激酶和磷酸酶完成。本研究对衣藻的一个强光响应基因--THYLAKOID ENRICHED FRACTION 8(TEF8)进行了鉴定。衣藻 tef8 突变体表现出高光敏性和状态转换缺陷。酶活性测定表明,TEF8 是一种真正的磷酸酶,定位于类囊体膜。BN-PAGE、拉取和磷酸肽质谱等生化实验证明,TEF8与光系统II有关联,并在状态2向状态1的转换过程中参与了D2和CP29亚基的去磷酸化。综上所述,我们的研究结果确定了TEF8是一种在光系统II上具有多个去磷酸化靶点的类木质磷酸酶,并为了解衣藻的状态转换和强光抗性的调控机制提供了新的视角。
{"title":"The thylakoid phosphatase TEF8 is involved in state transition and high light stress resistance in Chlamydomonas.","authors":"Jie Dong, Jinrong Hou, Qiang Yao, Baoxiang Wang, Jingyi Wang, Xuan Shen, Ke Lai, Haitao Ge, Yingchun Wang, Min Xu, Aigen Fu, Fei Wang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sophisticated regulation of state transition is required to maintain optimal photosynthetic performance under fluctuating light condition, through balancing the absorbed light energy between photosystem II and photosystem I. This exquisite process incorporates phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of light-harvesting complexes and PSII core subunits, accomplished by thylakoid membrane-localized kinases and phosphatases that have not been fully identified. In this study, one Chlamydomonas high light response gene, THYLAKOID ENRICHED FRACTION 8 (TEF8), was characterized. The Chlamydomonas tef8 mutant showed high light sensitivity and defective state transition. The enzymatic activity assays showed that TEF8 is a bona fide phosphatase localized in thylakoid membranes. Biochemical assays, including BN-PAGE, pull-down, and phosphopeptide mass spectrometry, proved that TEF8 associates with photosystem II and is involved in the dephosphorylation of D2 and CP29 subunits during state 2 to state 1 transition. Taken together, our results identified TEF8 as a thylakoid phosphatase with multiple dephosphorylation targets on photosystem II, and provide new insight into the regulatory mechanism of state transition and high light resistance in Chlamydomonas.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Boron confers salt tolerance through facilitating BnaA2.HKT1-mediated root xylem Na+ unloading in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) 硼通过促进油菜籽(Brassica napus L.)根木质部 Na+ 卸载来赋予其耐盐性。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17052
Yingpeng Hua, Minnan Pei, Haili Song, Ying Liu, Ting Zhou, Hongbo Chao, Caipeng Yue, Jinyong Huang, Guangyong Qin, Yingna Feng

Boron (B) is an important limiting factor for plant growth and yield in saline soils, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that appropriate B supply obviously complemented rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) growth under salinity accompanied by higher biomass production and less reactive oxygen species accumulation. Determination of Na+ content in shoots and roots indicated that B significantly repressed root-to-shoot Na+ translocation, and non-invasive micro-tests of root xylem sap demonstrated that B increased xylem Na+ unloading in the roots of rapeseed plants under salinity. Comparative transcriptomic profiling revealed that B strongly upregulated BnaHKT1s expression, especially BnaA2.HKT1, in rapeseed roots exposed to salinity. In situ hybridizations analysis showed that BnaA2.HKT1 was significantly induced in root stelar tissues by high B (HB) under salinity. Green fluorescent protein and yeast heterologous expression showed that BnaA2.HKT1 functioned as a plasma membrane-localized Na+ transporter. Knockout of BnaA2.HKT1 by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in hypersensitive of rapeseed plants to salinity even under HB condition, with higher shoot Na+ accumulation and lower biomass production. By contrast, overexpression of BnaA2.HKT1 ameliorated salinity-induced growth inhibition under B deficiency and salinity. Overall, our results proposed that B functioned as a positive regulator for the rapeseed growth and seed production under salt stress through facilitating BnaA2.HKT1-mediated root xylem Na+ unloading. This study may also provide an alternative strategy for the improvement of crop growth and development in saline soils.

硼(B)是盐碱土壤中植物生长和产量的一个重要限制因素,但其潜在的分子机制仍然鲜为人知。在这项研究中,我们发现适当的硼供应明显促进了油菜(Brassica napus L.)在盐度条件下的生长,同时提高了生物量产量,减少了活性氧积累。芽和根中 Na+ 含量的测定表明,硼能显著抑制根到芽的 Na+ 转化,根木质部汁液的非侵入性微量测试表明,硼能增加盐度条件下油菜根木质部 Na+ 的卸载。转录组比较分析表明,硼能强烈上调盐渍化油菜根中 BnaHKT1s 的表达,尤其是 BnaA2.HKT1。原位杂交分析表明,在盐度条件下,高B(HB)显著诱导根茎组织中BnaA2.HKT1的表达。绿色荧光蛋白和酵母异源表达表明,BnaA2.HKT1具有质膜定位Na+转运体的功能。通过 CRISPR/Cas9 基因敲除 BnaA2.HKT1,即使在 HB 条件下,油菜植株对盐度也不敏感,芽的 Na+ 积累较高,生物量产量较低。相比之下,过表达 BnaA2.HKT1 可改善 B 缺乏和盐度条件下盐度诱导的生长抑制。总之,我们的研究结果表明,在盐胁迫下,B通过促进BnaA2.HKT1介导的根木质部Na+卸载,对油菜籽的生长和种子产量起着积极的调节作用。这项研究也可为改善盐碱地作物的生长和发育提供另一种策略。
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引用次数: 0
Border-like cell formation mediated by SgPG1 confers aluminum resistance in Stylosanthes guianensis 由 SgPG1 介导的边界样细胞形成赋予黔龙胆(Stylosanthes guianensis)抗铝性。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17073
Yan Lin, Guoxuan Liu, Pandao Liu, Qianqian Chen, Xueqiong Guo, Xing Lu, Zefei Cai, Lili Sun, Jiping Liu, Kang Chen, Guodao Liu, Jiang Tian, Cuiyue Liang

Stylosanthes is an important forage legume in tropical areas with strong resistance to aluminum (Al) toxicity, though knowledge of mechanisms underlying this resistance remains fragmentary. We found that border-like cells (BLCs) were constitutively produced surrounding the root tips of all 54 examined Stylosanthes guianensis genotypes, but not the Stylosanthes viscose genotype TF0140. In genotypic comparisons under Al conditions, the S. guianensis genotype RY#2 retained significantly more Al in BLCs and thereby showed higher relative root growth than TF0140. Formation of BLCs accompanied changes in cell wall pectin epitopes and differential expression of genes involved in pectin metabolism, including a polygalacturonase (SgPG1). The expression pattern of SgPG1 was consistent with the formation of BLCs in both RY#2 and TF0140. SgPG1 was localized in cell walls and exhibited high activities mediating demethyl-esterified homogalacturonan degradation. Overexpressing SgPG1 changed cell wall pectin epitopes, enhanced BLCs production, and Al resistance in both Arabidopsis and Stylosanthes hairy roots. Furthermore, combining protein-DNA binding assays in vitro and in vivo, a bHLH transcription factor SgbHLH19 was demonstrated to be the upstream regulator of SgPG1. Our study demonstrates that S. guianensis Al resistance mainly relies on BLCs, whose formation involves cell wall pectin epitope modification by SgPG1.

木贼是热带地区的一种重要饲料豆科植物,对铝(Al)毒性具有很强的抗性,但对这种抗性的内在机制的了解仍然很零碎。我们发现,在所有 54 个受检的 Stylosanthes guianensis 基因型(但不包括 Stylosanthes viscose 基因型 TF0140)的根尖周围,都能持续产生边界样细胞(BLCs)。在铝条件下的基因型比较中,S. guianensis 基因型 RY#2 在 BLC 中保留的铝明显多于 TF0140,因此根的相对生长量也高于 TF0140。BLCs 的形成伴随着细胞壁果胶表位的变化和果胶代谢相关基因(包括聚半乳糖醛酸酶(SgPG1))的差异表达。SgPG1 的表达模式与 RY#2 和 TF0140 中 BLC 的形成一致。SgPG1 定位于细胞壁中,在介导去甲基酯化的均半乳糖醛酸降解方面表现出很高的活性。过量表达 SgPG1 可改变细胞壁果胶表位,提高 BLCs 产量,增强拟南芥和毛状根对 Al 的抗性。此外,结合体外和体内的蛋白质-DNA结合试验,证明 bHLH 转录因子 SgbHLH19 是 SgPG1 的上游调节因子。我们的研究表明,黔金丝猴的抗铝性主要依赖于BLCs,而BLCs的形成涉及细胞壁果胶表位的SgPG1修饰。
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引用次数: 0
DMFGAN: a multifeature data augmentation method for grape leaf disease identification DMFGAN:用于葡萄叶病识别的多特征数据增强方法。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17042
Yang Hu, Yukai Zhang, Shuai Liu, Guoxiong Zhou, Mingxuan Li, Yahui Hu, Johnny Li, Lixiang Sun

The use of deep learning techniques to identify grape leaf diseases relies on large, high-quality datasets. However, a large number of images occupy more computing resources and are prone to pattern collapse during training. In this paper, a depth-separable multifeature generative adversarial network (DMFGAN) was proposed to enhance grape leaf disease data. First, a multifeature extraction block (MFEB) based on the four-channel feature fusion strategy is designed to improve the quality of the generated image and avoid the problem of poor feature learning ability of the adversarial generation network caused by the single-channel feature extraction method. Second, a depth-based D-discriminator is designed to improve the discriminator capability and reduce the number of model parameters. Third, SeLU activation function was substituted for DCGAN activation function to overcome the problem that DCGAN activation function was not enough to fit grape leaf disease image data. Finally, an MFLoss function with a gradient penalty term is proposed to reduce the mode collapse during the training of generative adversarial networks. By comparing the visual indicators and evaluation indicators of the images generated by different models, and using the recognition network to verify the enhanced grape disease data, the results show that the method is effective in enhancing grape leaf disease data. Under the same experimental conditions, DMFGAN generates higher quality and more diverse images with fewer parameters than other generative adversarial networks. The mode breakdown times of generative adversarial networks in training process are reduced, which is more effective in practical application.

使用深度学习技术识别葡萄叶片病害依赖于大量高质量的数据集。然而,大量图像会占用更多计算资源,而且在训练过程中容易出现模式崩溃。本文提出了一种深度分离多特征生成对抗网络(DMFGAN)来增强葡萄叶病数据。首先,设计了基于四通道特征融合策略的多特征提取块(MFEB),提高了生成图像的质量,避免了单通道特征提取方法导致的对抗生成网络特征学习能力差的问题。其次,设计了基于深度的 D-判别器,以提高判别能力并减少模型参数数量。第三,用 SeLU 激活函数替代 DCGAN 激活函数,以克服 DCGAN 激活函数不足以拟合葡萄叶病图像数据的问题。最后,提出了带有梯度惩罚项的 MFLoss 函数,以减少生成式对抗网络训练过程中的模式崩溃。通过比较不同模型生成的图像的视觉指标和评价指标,并利用识别网络对增强后的葡萄病害数据进行验证,结果表明该方法能有效增强葡萄叶片病害数据。在相同的实验条件下,与其他生成式对抗网络相比,DMFGAN以更少的参数生成了更高质量和更多样化的图像。生成式对抗网络在训练过程中的模式崩溃时间减少,在实际应用中更加有效。
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引用次数: 0
Balancing act: The dynamic relationship between nutrient availability and plant defence. 平衡行动:养分供应与植物防御之间的动态关系。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17098
Arka Dutta, Peter M Dracatos, Ghazanfar Abbas Khan

Plants depend heavily on soil nutrients for growth, development and defence. Nutrient availability is crucial not only for sustaining vital biochemical processes but also for mounting effective defences against a diverse array of pathogens. Macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium significantly influence plant defence mechanisms by providing essential building blocks for the synthesis of defence compounds, immune signalling and physiological responses like stomatal regulation. Micronutrients like zinc, copper and iron are essential for balancing reactive oxygen species and other reactive compounds in plant immune responses. Although substantial circumstantial evidence links nutrient availability to plant defence, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process have only recently started to be understood. This review focuses on summarizing recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which nitrogen, phosphorus and iron interact with plant defence mechanisms and explores the potential for engineering nutritional immunity in crops to enhance their resilience against pathogens.

植物的生长、发育和防御在很大程度上依赖于土壤养分。养分的供应不仅对维持重要的生化过程至关重要,而且对有效防御各种病原体也至关重要。氮、磷和钾等宏量营养元素可为防御化合物的合成、免疫信号的传递和气孔调节等生理反应提供必要的基本成分,从而对植物防御机制产生重大影响。锌、铜和铁等微量营养元素对于平衡植物免疫反应中的活性氧和其他活性化合物至关重要。尽管有大量间接证据表明养分供应与植物防御有关,但人们最近才开始了解这一过程的分子机制。本综述重点总结了在了解氮、磷和铁与植物防御机制相互作用的分子机制方面的最新进展,并探讨了在作物中进行营养免疫工程以增强其抵御病原体能力的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
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The Plant Journal
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