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SHORT-ROOT specifically functions in the chalazal region to modulate assimilate partitioning into seeds. 短根(SHORT-ROOT)在卡拉扎尔区域发挥特殊功能,调节种子中同化物的分配。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17096
Meng Li, Qianfang Li, Shuang Li, Xufang Niu, Huimin Xu, Pengxue Li, Xinxin Bian, Zhichang Chen, Qian Liu, Hongxiang Zhang, Yunqi Liu, Shuang Wu

Nourishing the embryo with endosperm and enclosing both embryo and endosperm in the seed coat are two important evolutionary innovations. Seed coat is conventionally viewed as a protective layer that functions after the seed has matured. Here, we challenge this notion by showing that a subregion of the seed coat, termed the chalazal seed coat (CZSC), is geared to gate seed nutrition loading in developing seeds. The CZSC develops the coordinative system comprising the apoplastic isolation, mediated by the restricted suberization, and the active transport, mediated by the specific expression of a variety of transporters, at as early as the globular embryo stage in both Arabidopsis and soybean seeds. This coordinated system in the CZSC disrupts the vascular continuum to the maternal tissues and forces the nutrient transport into selective and active absorption. We further reveal that the precision of the spatiotemporal suberin deposition and transporter expression is controlled by the regulatory hierarchy of SHR-MYBs cascades. Our results provide a mechanistic insight into the assimilate accumulation in dicot seeds.

用胚乳滋养胚和把胚和胚乳都包在种皮中是两个重要的进化创新。种皮通常被视为种子成熟后才发挥作用的保护层。在这里,我们通过证明种皮的一个亚区(称为卡拉扎尔种皮(CZSC))在发育中的种子中起着控制种子营养负荷的作用,对这一观点提出了挑战。早在拟南芥和大豆种子的球胚阶段,CZSC 就形成了一个协调系统,其中包括由受限亚伯化介导的凋落物隔离和由多种转运体的特异性表达介导的主动转运。CZSC 中的这一协调系统破坏了通向母体组织的维管连续性,并迫使养分运输变为有选择的主动吸收。我们进一步揭示出,小檗素沉积和转运体表达的时空精确性受控于 SHR-MYBs 级联的调控层次。我们的研究结果为双子叶植物种子中同化物的积累提供了机理上的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying the gene responsible for non-photochemical quenching reversal in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. 确定三疣藻非光化学淬火逆转的基因。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17104
Maxwell A Ware, Andrew J Paton, Yu Bai, Tessema Kassaw, Martin Lohr, Graham Peers

Algae such as diatoms and haptophytes have distinct photosynthetic pigments from plants, including a novel set of carotenoids. This includes a primary xanthophyll cycle comprised of diadinoxanthin and its de-epoxidation product diatoxanthin that enables the switch between light harvesting and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)-mediated dissipation of light energy. The enzyme responsible for the reversal of this cycle was previously unknown. Here, we identified zeaxanthin epoxidase 3 (ZEP3) from Phaeodactylum tricornutum as the candidate diatoxanthin epoxidase. Knocking out the ZEP3 gene caused a loss of rapidly reversible NPQ following saturating light exposure. This correlated with the maintenance of high concentrations of diatoxanthin during recovery in low light. Xanthophyll cycling and NPQ relaxation were restored via complementation of the wild-type ZEP3 gene. The zep3 knockout strains showed reduced photosynthetic rates at higher light fluxes and reduced specific growth rate in variable light regimes, likely due to the mutant strains becoming locked in a light energy dissipation state. We were able to toggle the level of NPQ capacity in a time and dose dependent manner by placing the ZEP3 gene under the control of a β-estradiol inducible promoter. Identification of this gene provides a deeper understanding of the diversification of photosynthetic control in algae compared to plants and suggests a potential target to improve the productivity of industrial-scale cultures.

硅藻和七鳃鳗等藻类具有不同于植物的光合色素,包括一套新颖的类胡萝卜素。其中包括一个由二二黄原酸及其去氧化产物二氧黄原酸组成的初级黄绿素循环,该循环可在光收集和非光化学淬灭(NPQ)介导的光能耗散之间切换。负责这一循环逆转的酶以前并不为人所知。在这里,我们从三疣藻中发现了玉米黄质环氧化酶 3(ZEP3),作为候选的二氧黄质环氧化酶。敲除 ZEP3 基因会导致饱和光照下快速可逆的 NPQ 损失。这与在弱光下恢复期间维持高浓度的二氧黄素有关。通过与野生型 ZEP3 基因互补,黄绿素循环和 NPQ 松弛得以恢复。zep3基因敲除菌株在较高光通量下光合速率降低,在多变光照条件下特定生长速率降低,这可能是由于突变菌株锁定在光能耗散状态。通过将 ZEP3 基因置于β-雌二醇诱导启动子的控制下,我们能够以时间和剂量依赖的方式切换 NPQ 能力水平。该基因的鉴定加深了人们对藻类光合作用控制的多样性的理解,并为提高工业规模培养的生产力提供了一个潜在的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Myosin-binding protein 13 mediates primary seed dormancy via abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling in Arabidopsis. 肌球蛋白结合蛋白 13 在拟南芥中通过脱落酸的生物合成和信号传导介导初级种子休眠。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17112
Cui-Hong Hao, Chen Pang, Li-Na Yang, Feng Xiong, Sha Li

Dormancy is an essential characteristic that enables seeds to survive in unfavorable conditions while germinating when conditions are favorable. Myosin-binding proteins (MyoBs) assist in the movement of organelles along actin microfilaments by attaching to both organelles and myosins. In contrast to studies on yeast and metazoans, research on plant MyoBs is still in its early stages and primarily focuses on tip-growing cells. In this study, we found that Arabidopsis MyoB13 is highly expressed in dry mature seeds. The myob13 mutant, created using CRISPR/Cas9, exhibits a preharvest sprouting phenotype, which can be mitigated by after-ripening treatment, indicating that MyoB13 plays a positive role in primary seed dormancy. Furthermore, we show that MyoB13 negatively regulates ABA biosynthesis and signaling pathways. Notably, the expression of MyoB13 orthologs from maize and soybean can completely restore the phenotype of the Arabidopsis myob13 mutant, suggesting that the function of MyoB13 in ABA-induced seed dormancy is evolutionarily conserved. Therefore, the functional characterization of MyoB13 offers an additional genetic resource to help prevent vivipary in crop species.

休眠是种子能够在不利条件下存活并在有利条件下萌发的一个基本特征。肌球蛋白结合蛋白(MyoBs)通过附着在细胞器和肌球蛋白上,帮助细胞器沿着肌动蛋白微丝运动。与对酵母和元气动物的研究不同,对植物 MyoBs 的研究仍处于早期阶段,主要集中在顶端生长细胞。在这项研究中,我们发现拟南芥 MyoB13 在干燥成熟的种子中高度表达。利用CRISPR/Cas9技术创建的myob13突变体表现出收获前萌发的表型,这种表型可以通过后熟处理得到缓解,这表明MyoB13在初级种子休眠中发挥着积极作用。此外,我们还发现 MyoB13 负向调节 ABA 的生物合成和信号通路。值得注意的是,表达玉米和大豆的 MyoB13 同源物可以完全恢复拟南芥 myob13 突变体的表型,这表明 MyoB13 在 ABA 诱导的种子休眠中的功能在进化上是保守的。因此,MyoB13的功能特征描述为帮助作物物种防止胎生提供了额外的遗传资源。
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引用次数: 0
Stress physiology of Moringa oleifera under tropospheric ozone enrichment: An ecotype-specific investigation into growth, nonstructural carbohydrates, and polyphenols. 对流层臭氧富集条件下油辣木的应激生理:对生长、非结构性碳水化合物和多酚的生态型特异性研究。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17107
Bárbara Baesso Moura, Yasutomo Hoshika, Cecilia Brunetti, Luana Beatriz Dos Santos Nascimento, Elena Marra, Elena Paoletti, Francesco Ferrini

Ozone (O3) is an oxidative pollutant that significantly threatens plant development and ecological dynamics. The present study explores the impact of O3 on Moringa (Moringa oleifera) ecotypes when exposed to ambient and elevated O3 levels. Elevated O3 concentrations resulted in significant reductions in total biomass for all ecotypes. Photosynthetic parameters, including stomatal conductance (gsto), CO2 assimilation (Pn), and carboxylation efficiency (K), decreased under elevated O3 in some ecotypes, indicating a detrimental effect on carbon assimilation. Nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) levels in roots varied among ecotypes, with significant reductions in starch content observed under elevated O3, suggesting a potential shift towards soluble sugar accumulation and reallocation for antioxidant defense. Secondary metabolite analysis revealed increased polyphenol production, particularly quercetin derivatives, under elevated O3 in specific ecotypes, highlighting their role in mitigating oxidative stress. Interestingly, the glucosinolate content also varied, with some ecotypes exhibiting increased levels, suggesting a complex regulatory mechanism in response to O3 exposure. The study underscores the intrinsic variability among Moringa ecotypes in response to O3 stress, emphasizing the importance of genetic diversity for adaptation. The findings indicate that Moringa's metabolic plasticity, including shifts in NSC and SM production, plays a crucial role in its defense mechanisms against O3-induced oxidative stress. These insights are vital for optimizing the cultivation and utilization of Moringa in diverse environmental conditions, particularly in regions with elevated O3 levels.

臭氧(O3)是一种氧化污染物,严重威胁植物的生长发育和生态动态。本研究探讨了暴露于环境和高浓度臭氧时,臭氧对Moringa(Moringa oleifera)生态型的影响。高浓度的 O3 导致所有生态型的总生物量显著减少。一些生态型的光合参数,包括气孔导度(gsto)、二氧化碳同化(Pn)和羧化效率(K),在臭氧浓度升高的情况下均有所下降,表明对碳同化产生了不利影响。不同生态型根中的非结构碳水化合物(NSC)含量各不相同,在高浓度 O3 条件下,淀粉含量显著减少,表明可能转向可溶性糖的积累和抗氧化防御的重新分配。次生代谢物分析表明,在高浓度臭氧条件下,特定生态型的多酚产量增加,尤其是槲皮素衍生物,这突显了它们在减轻氧化应激方面的作用。有趣的是,葡萄糖苷酸含量也存在差异,一些生态型的含量有所增加,这表明在应对臭氧暴露时存在复杂的调节机制。这项研究强调了辣木生态型对 O3 胁迫反应的内在差异性,强调了遗传多样性对适应的重要性。研究结果表明,Moringa 的代谢可塑性,包括 NSC 和 SM 生产的变化,在其抵御 O3 诱导的氧化应激的防御机制中发挥着至关重要的作用。这些见解对于优化辣木在不同环境条件下的栽培和利用至关重要,尤其是在臭氧浓度升高的地区。
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引用次数: 0
A simplified liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methodology to probe the shikimate and aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathways in plants. 探索植物莽草酸和芳香族氨基酸生物合成途径的简化液相色谱-质谱方法。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17105
Jorge El-Azaz, Hiroshi A Maeda

Plants direct substantial amounts of carbon toward the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (AAAs), particularly phenylalanine to produce lignin and other phenylpropanoids. Yet, we have a limited understanding of how plants regulate AAA metabolism, partially because of a scarcity of robust analytical methods. Here, we established a simplified workflow for simultaneous quantification of AAAs and their pathway intermediates from plant tissues, based on extraction at two alternative pH and analysis by Zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. This workflow was then used to analyze metabolic responses to elevated or reduced carbon flow through the shikimate pathway in plants. Increased flow upon expression of a feedback-insensitive isoform of the first shikimate pathway enzyme elevated all AAAs and pathway intermediates, especially arogenate, the last common precursor within the post-chorismate pathway of tyrosine and phenylalanine biosynthesis. Additional overexpression of an arogenate dehydrogenase enzyme increased tyrosine levels and depleted phenylalanine and arogenate pools; however, the upstream shikimate pathway intermediates remained accumulated at high levels. Glyphosate treatment, which restricts carbon flow through the shikimate pathway by inhibiting its penultimate step, led to a predictable accumulation of shikimate and other precursors upstream of its target enzyme but also caused an unexpected accumulation of downstream metabolites, including arogenate. These findings highlight that the shikimate pathway and the downstream post-chorismate AAA pathways function as independently regulated modules in plants. The method developed here paves the way for a deeper understanding of the shikimate and AAA biosynthetic pathways in plants.

植物将大量碳用于芳香族氨基酸(AAA)的生物合成,尤其是苯丙氨酸,以生产木质素和其他苯丙类化合物。然而,我们对植物如何调节 AAA 代谢的了解十分有限,部分原因是缺乏可靠的分析方法。在此,我们建立了一个简化的工作流程,可同时定量植物组织中的 AAA 及其途径中间产物,该流程基于两种不同 pH 值下的提取,并通过亲水作用液相色谱法结合质谱法进行分析。然后利用这一工作流程分析植物莽草酸途径碳流量增加或减少时的代谢反应。在表达第一个莽草酸途径酶的反馈不敏感异构体时,增加的碳流提高了所有 AAA 和途径中间产物的含量,尤其是氮酸酯,它是酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸生物合成的后氯氨酸途径中最后一种常见的前体。额外过量表达一种原酸脱氢酶会增加酪氨酸的含量,并耗尽苯丙氨酸和原酸库;然而,上游莽草酸途径中间产物的积累水平仍然很高。草甘膦通过抑制莽草酸途径的倒数第二步来限制碳流,从而导致莽草酸及其目标酶上游其他前体的积累,但同时也造成了下游代谢物(包括莽草酸)的意外积累。这些发现突出表明,莽草酸途径和下游氯氨酸后 AAA 途径在植物中作为独立的调控模块发挥作用。本文开发的方法为深入了解植物中的莽草酸和 AAA 生物合成途径铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Targeted modulation of pennycress lipid droplet proteins impacts droplet morphology and seed oil content. 靶向调节菥蓂脂滴蛋白可影响脂滴形态和种子含油量。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17109
Athanas Guzha, Barsanti Gautam, Damiano Marchiafava, Julius Ver Sagun, Tatiana Garcia, Brice A Jarvis, Allison M Barbaglia-Hurlock, Christopher Johnston, Erich Grotewold, John C Sedbrook, Ana Paula Alonso, Kent D Chapman

Lipid droplets (LDs) are unusual organelles that have a phospholipid monolayer surface and a hydrophobic matrix. In oilseeds, this matrix is nearly always composed of triacylglycerols (TGs) for efficient storage of carbon and energy. Various proteins play a role in their assembly, stability and turnover, and even though the major structural oleosin proteins in seed LDs have been known for decades, the factors influencing LD formation and dynamics are still being uncovered mostly in the "model oilseed" Arabidopsis. Here we identified several key LD biogenesis proteins in the seeds of pennycress, a potential biofuel crop, that were correlated previously with seed oil content and characterized here for their participation in LD formation in transient expression assays and stable transgenics. One pennycress protein, the lipid droplet associated protein-interacting protein (LDIP), was able to functionally complement the Arabidopsis ldip mutant, emphasizing the close conservation of lipid storage among these two Brassicas. Moreover, loss-of-function ldip mutants in pennycress exhibited increased seed oil content without compromising plant growth, raising the possibility that LDIP or other LD biogenesis factors may be suitable targets for improving yields in oilseed crops more broadly.

脂滴(LDs)是一种不寻常的细胞器,具有磷脂单层表面和疏水基质。在油籽中,这种基质几乎总是由三酰甘油(TGs)组成,用于有效储存碳和能量。尽管种子 LD 中的主要结构性油脂素蛋白已经存在了几十年,但影响 LD 形成和动态的因素仍主要是在 "油籽模型 "拟南芥中发现的。在这里,我们在菥蓂(一种潜在的生物燃料作物)的种子中发现了几种关键的 LD 生物发生蛋白,这些蛋白以前与种子含油量相关,现在则在瞬时表达试验和稳定转基因中鉴定了它们参与 LD 形成的特性。其中一种菥蓂属蛋白--脂滴相关蛋白相互作用蛋白(LDIP)--能够对拟南芥的ldip突变体进行功能互补,强调了这两种十字花科植物在脂质储存方面的密切保护。此外,菥蓂属植物的功能缺失ldip突变体在不影响植物生长的情况下提高了种子含油量,这就使LDIP或其他LD生物发生因子有可能成为更广泛地提高油料作物产量的合适靶标。
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引用次数: 0
Arabidopsis DREB26/ERF12 and its close relatives regulate cuticular wax biosynthesis under drought stress condition. 拟南芥 DREB26/ERF12 及其近缘种调控干旱胁迫条件下的角蜡生物合成。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17100
Kaoru Urano, Yoshimi Oshima, Toshiki Ishikawa, Takuma Kajino, Shingo Sakamoto, Mayuko Sato, Kiminori Toyooka, Miki Fujita, Maki Kawai-Yamada, Teruaki Taji, Kyonoshin Maruyama, Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, Kazuo Shinozaki

Land plants have evolved a hydrophobic cuticle on the surface of aerial organs as an adaptation to ensure survival in terrestrial environments. Cuticle is mainly composed of lipids, namely cutin and intracuticular wax, with epicuticular wax deposited on plant surface. The composition and permeability of cuticle have a large influence on its ability to protect plants against drought stress. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying cuticular wax biosynthesis in response to drought stress have not been fully elucidated. Here, we identified three AP2/ERF transcription factors (DREB26/ERF12, ERF13 and ERF14) involved in the regulation of water permeability of the plant surface. Transmission electron microscopy revealed thicker cuticle on the leaves of DREB26-overexpressing (DREB26OX) plants, and thinner cuticle on the leaves of transgenic plants expressing SRDX repression domain-fused DREB26 (DREB26SR). Genes involved in cuticular wax formation were upregulated in DREB26OX and downregulated in DREB26SR. The levels of very-long chain (VLC) alkanes, which are a major wax component, increased in DREB26OX leaves and decreased in DREB26SR leaves. Under dehydration stress, water loss was reduced in DREB26OX and increased in DREB26SR. The erf12/13/14 triple mutant showed delayed growth, decreased leaf water content, and reduced drought-inducible VLC alkane accumulation. Taken together, our results indicate that the DREB26/ERF12 and its closed family members, ERF13 and ERF14, play an important role in cuticular wax biosynthesis in response to drought stress. The complex transcriptional cascade involved in the regulation of cuticular wax biosynthesis under drought stress conditions is discussed.

陆生植物为了适应陆地环境,在气生器官表面进化出疏水的角质层,以确保在陆地环境中生存。角质层主要由脂类组成,即角质素和角质内蜡,表皮蜡沉积在植物表面。角质层的组成和渗透性对植物抵御干旱胁迫的能力有很大影响。然而,干旱胁迫下角质层蜡生物合成的调控机制尚未完全阐明。在这里,我们发现了三个参与调控植物表面透水性的 AP2/ERF 转录因子(DREB26/ERF12、ERF13 和 ERF14)。透射电子显微镜显示,过表达 DREB26(DREB26OX)的植株叶片角质层较厚,而表达 SRDX 抑制结构域融合 DREB26(DREB26SR)的转基因植株叶片角质层较薄。参与角质层蜡形成的基因在 DREB26OX 中上调,而在 DREB26SR 中下调。作为蜡的主要成分的超长链(VLC)烷烃的含量在 DREB26OX 叶片中增加,而在 DREB26SR 叶片中减少。在脱水胁迫下,DREB26OX 的水分损失减少,而 DREB26SR 的水分损失增加。erf12/13/14三重突变体表现出生长延迟、叶片含水量降低以及干旱诱导的VLC烷烃积累减少。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,DREB26/ERF12及其闭合家族成员ERF13和ERF14在干旱胁迫下的角质蜡生物合成中发挥着重要作用。本文讨论了干旱胁迫条件下参与调控角蜡生物合成的复杂转录级联。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of lineage-specific cis-trans regulatory networks related to kiwifruit ripening initiation. 鉴定与猕猴桃成熟启动相关的特定品系顺式-反式调节网络。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17093
Eriko Kuwada, Kouki Takeshita, Taiji Kawakatsu, Seiichi Uchida, Takashi Akagi

Previous research on the ripening process of many fruit crop varieties typically involved analyses of the conserved genetic factors among species. However, even for seemingly identical ripening processes, the associated gene expression networks often evolved independently, as reflected by the diversity in the interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and the targeted cis-regulatory elements (CREs). In this study, explainable deep learning (DL) frameworks were used to predict expression patterns on the basis of CREs in promoter sequences. We initially screened potential lineage-specific CRE-TF interactions influencing the kiwifruit ripening process, which is triggered by ethylene, similar to the corresponding processes in other climacteric fruit crops. Some novel regulatory relationships affecting ethylene-induced fruit ripening were identified. Specifically, ABI5-like bZIP, G2-like, and MYB81-like TFs were revealed as trans-factors modulating the expression of representative ethylene signaling/biosynthesis-related genes (e.g., ACS1, ERT2, and ERF143). Transient reporter assays and DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-Seq) analyses validated these CRE-TF interactions and their regulatory relationships. A comparative analysis with co-expression networking suggested that this DL-based screening can identify regulatory networks independently of co-expression patterns. Our results highlight the utility of an explainable DL approach for identifying novel CRE-TF interactions. These  imply that fruit crop species may have evolved lineage-specific fruit ripening-related cis-trans regulatory networks.

以往对许多水果作物品种成熟过程的研究通常涉及对物种间保守遗传因子的分析。然而,即使是看似相同的成熟过程,相关的基因表达网络也往往是独立进化的,这反映在转录因子(TF)和目标顺式调控元件(CRE)之间的相互作用的多样性上。本研究利用可解释的深度学习(DL)框架,根据启动子序列中的 CREs 预测表达模式。我们初步筛选了影响猕猴桃成熟过程的潜在特定品系 CRE-TF 相互作用,猕猴桃的成熟过程是由乙烯引发的,这与其他气候性水果作物的相应过程类似。研究发现了一些影响乙烯诱导果实成熟的新型调控关系。具体而言,ABI5-like bZIP、G2-like 和 MYB81-like TFs 被发现是调节代表性乙烯信号/生物合成相关基因(如 ACS1、ERT2 和 ERF143)表达的反式因子。瞬时报告实验和 DNA 亲和纯化测序(DAP-Seq)分析验证了这些 CRE-TF 相互作用及其调控关系。与共表达网络的比较分析表明,这种基于 DL 的筛选可以独立于共表达模式识别调控网络。我们的研究结果凸显了可解释 DL 方法在识别新型 CRE-TF 相互作用方面的实用性。这意味着水果作物物种可能已经进化出了与水果成熟相关的顺式-反式调控网络。
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引用次数: 0
Temporally resolved growth patterns reveal novel information about the polygenic nature of complex quantitative traits. 时间解析的生长模式揭示了复杂数量性状多基因性质的新信息。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17092
Dorothy D Sweet, Sara B Tirado, Julian Cooper, Nathan M Springer, Cory D Hirsch, Candice N Hirsch

Plant height can be an indicator of plant health across environments and used to identify superior genotypes. Typically plant height is measured at a single timepoint when plants reach terminal height. Evaluating plant height using unoccupied aerial vehicles allows for measurements throughout the growing season, facilitating a better understanding of plant-environment interactions and the genetic basis of this complex trait. To assess variation throughout development, plant height data was collected from planting until terminal height at anthesis (14 flights 2018, 27 in 2019, 12 in 2020, and 11 in 2021) for a panel of ~500 diverse maize inbred lines. The percent variance explained in plant height throughout the season was significantly explained by genotype (9-48%), year (4-52%), and genotype-by-year interactions (14-36%) to varying extents throughout development. Genome-wide association studies revealed 717 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with plant height and growth rate at different parts of the growing season specific to certain phases of vegetative growth. When plant height growth curves were compared to growth curves estimated from canopy cover, greater Fréchet distance stability was observed in plant height growth curves than for canopy cover. This indicated canopy cover may be more useful for understanding environmental modulation of overall plant growth and plant height better for understanding genotypic modulation of overall plant growth. This study demonstrated that substantial information can be gained from high temporal resolution data to understand how plants differentially interact with the environment and can enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of complex polygenic traits.

植株高度可作为不同环境下植物健康状况的指标,并可用于鉴别优良基因型。通常情况下,植物高度是在植物达到顶端高度时的一个时间点测量的。使用无人飞行器评估植株高度可测量整个生长季节,有助于更好地了解植物与环境之间的相互作用以及这一复杂性状的遗传基础。为了评估整个生长过程中的变异,我们收集了由约 500 个不同玉米近交系组成的小组从播种到花期顶高的植株高度数据(2018 年 14 次飞行、2019 年 27 次飞行、2020 年 12 次飞行和 2021 年 11 次飞行)。在整个发育过程中,基因型(9-48%)、年份(4-52%)和基因型与年份的交互作用(14-36%)在不同程度上显著解释了整个季节株高的变异百分比。全基因组关联研究揭示了 717 个显著的单核苷酸多态性,这些多态性与植株在生长季节不同时期的高度和生长速率有关,并与植株生长的特定阶段相关。将植株高度生长曲线与根据冠层覆盖率估计的生长曲线进行比较,发现植株高度生长曲线的弗雷谢特距离稳定性比冠层覆盖率更高。这表明冠层覆盖可能更有助于了解环境对植物整体生长的调节作用,而植株高度则更有助于了解基因型对植物整体生长的调节作用。这项研究表明,从高时间分辨率数据中可以获得大量信息,从而了解植物如何与环境发生不同程度的相互作用,并加深我们对复杂多基因性状遗传基础的理解。
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引用次数: 0
A transcriptome atlas of zygotic and somatic embryogenesis in Norway spruce. 挪威云杉合子和体细胞胚胎发生的转录组图谱。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17087
Katja Stojkovič, Camilla Canovi, Kim-Cuong Le, Iftikhar Ahmad, Ioana Gaboreanu, Sofie Johansson, Nicolas Delhomme, Ulrika Egertsdotter, Nathaniel R Street

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a powerful model system for studying embryo development and an important method for scaling up availability of elite and climate-adapted genetic material of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst). However, there are several steps during the development of the somatic embryo (Sem) that are suboptimal compared to zygotic embryo (Zem) development. These differences are poorly understood and result in substantial yield losses during plant production, which limits cost-effective large-scale production of SE plants. This study presents a comprehensive data resource profiling gene expression during zygotic and somatic embryo development to support studies aiming to advance understanding of gene regulatory programmes controlling embryo development. Transcriptome expression patterns were analysed during zygotic embryogenesis (ZE) in Norway spruce, including separated samples of the female gametophytes and Zem, and at multiple stages during SE. Expression data from eight developmental stages of SE, starting with pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs) up until germination, revealed extensive modulation of the transcriptome between the early and mid-stage maturing embryos and at the transition of desiccated embryos to germination. Comparative analysis of gene expression changes during ZE and SE identified differences in the pattern of gene expression changes and functional enrichment of these provided insight into the associated biological processes. Orthologs of transcription factors known to regulate embryo development in angiosperms were differentially regulated during Zem and Sem development and in the different zygotic embryo tissues, providing clues to the differences in development observed between Zem and Sem. This resource represents the most comprehensive dataset available for exploring embryo development in conifers.

体细胞胚胎发生(SE)是研究胚胎发育的强大模型系统,也是扩大挪威云杉(Picea abies L. Karst)精英和气候适应性遗传材料可用性的重要方法。然而,在体细胞胚胎(Sem)的发育过程中,有几个步骤与子代胚胎(Zem)的发育相比并不理想。人们对这些差异知之甚少,因此在植物生产过程中造成了巨大的产量损失,限制了 SE 植物经济高效的大规模生产。本研究提供了一个全面的数据资源,分析了合子胚和体细胞胚发育过程中的基因表达,以支持旨在促进对控制胚发育的基因调控程序的了解的研究。研究人员分析了挪威云杉子代胚胎发生(ZE)过程中的转录组表达模式,包括雌配子体和Zem的分离样本,以及SE过程中多个阶段的转录组表达模式。从原胚胎块(PEM)开始直至萌芽的八个发育阶段的表达数据显示,转录组在早期和中期成熟胚胎之间以及在干燥胚胎向萌芽的过渡阶段发生了广泛的变化。对ZE和SE期间基因表达变化的比较分析发现了基因表达变化模式的差异,对这些差异的功能富集有助于深入了解相关的生物过程。已知调控被子植物胚胎发育的转录因子的同源物在Zem和Sem发育过程中以及在不同的合子胚胎组织中受到不同的调控,从而为观察到Zem和Sem发育过程中的差异提供了线索。该资源是目前可用于探索针叶树胚胎发育的最全面的数据集。
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