Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0101
M. Sanusi, S. O. Alasi, A. Tajudeen, K.A. Aminu-Adana, O. L. Oke, T.B. Olaniran
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the oscillatory motion of a rice dehydrator on drying time, drying rate, electrical energy consumption, specific energy consumption, milling quality (broken milled rice, head milled rice and milling recovery) of rice varieties of FARO 62, FARO 15, and FARO 60. The dehydrator was designed to operate either in a stationary or oscillatory motion. The dehydrator motion influences the drying time, drying rate, electrical energy and specific energy consumption and milling quality regardless of the rice variety. The drying time of the rice varieties ranged from 125 to 290 mins, drying rate (2.897 to 6.72 kgH2O/kg solids h), electrical energy consumption (15.43 to 35.46 MJ), specific energy consumption (5.25 to 11.20 MJ/kg), milling recovery (67.58 to 73.97%), head milled rice (60.47 to 69.10%) and broken milled rice (1.62 to 9.46%), respectively. The oscillatory motion of the dehydrator aided a shorter drying time, faster drying rate, less electrical energy consumption and specific energy consumption, and desirable milling quality. The study concluded that the adoption of oscillatory motion during drying would aid in energy conservation and in the production of quality milled rice.
{"title":"Influence of Oscillatory Motion of a Rice Dehydrator on Energy Consumption and Milling Quality of Rice","authors":"M. Sanusi, S. O. Alasi, A. Tajudeen, K.A. Aminu-Adana, O. L. Oke, T.B. Olaniran","doi":"10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0101","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the oscillatory motion of a rice dehydrator on drying time, drying rate, electrical energy consumption, specific energy consumption, milling quality (broken milled rice, head milled rice and milling recovery) of rice varieties of FARO 62, FARO 15, and FARO 60. The dehydrator was designed to operate either in a stationary or oscillatory motion. The dehydrator motion influences the drying time, drying rate, electrical energy and specific energy consumption and milling quality regardless of the rice variety. The drying time of the rice varieties ranged from 125 to 290 mins, drying rate (2.897 to 6.72 kgH2O/kg solids h), electrical energy consumption (15.43 to 35.46 MJ), specific energy consumption (5.25 to 11.20 MJ/kg), milling recovery (67.58 to 73.97%), head milled rice (60.47 to 69.10%) and broken milled rice (1.62 to 9.46%), respectively. The oscillatory motion of the dehydrator aided a shorter drying time, faster drying rate, less electrical energy consumption and specific energy consumption, and desirable milling quality. The study concluded that the adoption of oscillatory motion during drying would aid in energy conservation and in the production of quality milled rice.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"63 Suppl 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88050581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0130
M. Esan, Y. Khairulzan, H. Zaiton, M. D. Gambo, H. Hassan
The interest in prospective uses of gypsum as a finishing component has diminished in recent years as a result of its weak mechanical strength, which is essential in interior construction. Therefore, to overcome this challenge, researchers have come up with various ways of improving the gypsum composite materials. The microstructure of the composites and the contact surface with pineapple leaf fibre were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The microstructural properties of the gypsum paste changed when pineapple leaf fibre was added. These studies showed that at 2% fibre volume, a jellylike surface coating was formed around the gypsum crystals, giving the pineapple leaf fibre (PALF)-gypsum composite its high interlocking and compactness, thereby impacting high strength than the pure gypsum and this suggests its broader application in building industry for production of partition boards
{"title":"Microstructural Properties of Gypsum Composites containing Pineapple Leaf Fibre","authors":"M. Esan, Y. Khairulzan, H. Zaiton, M. D. Gambo, H. Hassan","doi":"10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0130","url":null,"abstract":"The interest in prospective uses of gypsum as a finishing component has diminished in recent years as a result of its weak mechanical strength, which is essential in interior construction. Therefore, to overcome this challenge, researchers have come up with various ways of improving the gypsum composite materials. The microstructure of the composites and the contact surface with pineapple leaf fibre were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The microstructural properties of the gypsum paste changed when pineapple leaf fibre was added. These studies showed that at 2% fibre volume, a jellylike surface coating was formed around the gypsum crystals, giving the pineapple leaf fibre (PALF)-gypsum composite its high interlocking and compactness, thereby impacting high strength than the pure gypsum and this suggests its broader application in building industry for production of partition boards","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82209159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0131
S. Awojide, C. Dare, A. E. Adeleke, K. Oyewole, A. J. Anifowose, F.E. Olumide, A. Adeyemo, S. Tayo
A comparative study was carried out to evaluate the fatty acid profile and physicochemical qualities of oil extracted from the unfermented and fermented seeds of Annona squamosa. A. squamosa powdered, fermented and unfermented seeds were extracted using soxhlet extraction. The fatty acid composition was identified using GC-MS. The physiochemical properties were determined using standard analytical methods. Unfermented oil had a total saturated fatty acid (TSFA) of 37.41%, of which palmitic acid was the most predominant. Total monounsaturated fatty acid (TMUFA) content of the fermented oil sample was 58.48% while total polyunsaturated fatty acid (TPUFA) content was 2.76%. Total amount of unsaturated fatty acids (TUFA) found in the fermented oil was greater than TSFA. The main MUFA identified was oleic acid, which ranged from 49.12 to 55.01% for both oils. The physicochemical properties showed that fermented oil had higher free fatty acid, iodine value and peroxide value of 3.810%, 108.508 mgl2/g and 0.830 mMol/kg respectively while unfermented oil had a higher saponification value of 180.112 mg KOH/g. The results indicated that the two oils from A. squamosa contained high amounts of PUFA and MUFA but the fermented oil showed higher TUFA than SFA, indicating suitability for consumption and industrial usage.
{"title":"The Effect of Fermentation on the Quality of Oil Extracted from the Seeds of Annona squamosa","authors":"S. Awojide, C. Dare, A. E. Adeleke, K. Oyewole, A. J. Anifowose, F.E. Olumide, A. Adeyemo, S. Tayo","doi":"10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0131","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study was carried out to evaluate the fatty acid profile and physicochemical qualities of oil extracted from the unfermented and fermented seeds of Annona squamosa. A. squamosa powdered, fermented and unfermented seeds were extracted using soxhlet extraction. The fatty acid composition was identified using GC-MS. The physiochemical properties were determined using standard analytical methods. Unfermented oil had a total saturated fatty acid (TSFA) of 37.41%, of which palmitic acid was the most predominant. Total monounsaturated fatty acid (TMUFA) content of the fermented oil sample was 58.48% while total polyunsaturated fatty acid (TPUFA) content was 2.76%. Total amount of unsaturated fatty acids (TUFA) found in the fermented oil was greater than TSFA. The main MUFA identified was oleic acid, which ranged from 49.12 to 55.01% for both oils. The physicochemical properties showed that fermented oil had higher free fatty acid, iodine value and peroxide value of 3.810%, 108.508 mgl2/g and 0.830 mMol/kg respectively while unfermented oil had a higher saponification value of 180.112 mg KOH/g. The results indicated that the two oils from A. squamosa contained high amounts of PUFA and MUFA but the fermented oil showed higher TUFA than SFA, indicating suitability for consumption and industrial usage.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83905139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0141
K. Bashiru, T. Ojurongbe, M. Kolawole, O. Aduroja, M. L. Olaosebikan, N. Adeboye, H. A. Afolabi
HIV/AIDS is a serious health problem that continues to present a significant health concern in underdeveloped nations and may be mostly brought on via unprotected sex. This study is designed and analyzed using a dynamic modeling approach to investigate the dynamic of HIV/AIDS model with vertical transmission and the impact of knowledge on its treatment. Our proposed model exhibit disease free and the endemic equilibrium. The uniqueness and the exactness of the model were investigated and the basic reproduction number using next generation matrix was obtained, Stability analysis was also carried out. The model analysis shows that the disease free equilibrium is locally asymptomatically stable (LAS) when Ro < 1. Our research suggests that treatment and awareness campaigns, when combined with other crucial control measures, may help keep the HIV/AIDS virus from spreading.
{"title":"Stability Analysis of HIV/AIDS Epidemic Model in the Presence of Vertical Transmission and Treatment","authors":"K. Bashiru, T. Ojurongbe, M. Kolawole, O. Aduroja, M. L. Olaosebikan, N. Adeboye, H. A. Afolabi","doi":"10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0141","url":null,"abstract":"HIV/AIDS is a serious health problem that continues to present a significant health concern in underdeveloped nations and may be mostly brought on via unprotected sex. This study is designed and analyzed using a dynamic modeling approach to investigate the dynamic of HIV/AIDS model with vertical transmission and the impact of knowledge on its treatment. Our proposed model exhibit disease free and the endemic equilibrium. The uniqueness and the exactness of the model were investigated and the basic reproduction number using next generation matrix was obtained, Stability analysis was also carried out. The model analysis shows that the disease free equilibrium is locally asymptomatically stable (LAS) when Ro < 1. Our research suggests that treatment and awareness campaigns, when combined with other crucial control measures, may help keep the HIV/AIDS virus from spreading.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79419093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0111
A. Adejumo, L. Azeez, J. Sonibare, F. Aderibigbe, F. A. Akeredolu
Brewery is a major industrial activity in Nigeria from which wastes are generated. The present global attention on effective wastes management in the sector has compelled the country to embrace aggressive research methods on this essential subject matter. This has therefore been the impetus for this study to use the Cradle-to-Grave section of Life cycle analysis in the ISO 14040 for investigation of improved wastes management in a Nigerian brewery. In the study, emissions associated with brewery were identified and quantified to determine the releases into air, water and land. Materials use, use of energy, wastes and by-products generation as well as physical size from the sector were also determined for wastes management. The study shows that intensiveness of energy and water consumption in brewery industry during productions could cause large emissions that may have negative effects on the environment. Agreement of the material inputs and outputs in the study at about 99.6% level indicates that the adopted method can be of great help in solving wastes management problems in the brewery.
{"title":"Improved Brewery Wastes Management Using Life Cycle Analysis","authors":"A. Adejumo, L. Azeez, J. Sonibare, F. Aderibigbe, F. A. Akeredolu","doi":"10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0111","url":null,"abstract":"Brewery is a major industrial activity in Nigeria from which wastes are generated. The present global attention on effective wastes management in the sector has compelled the country to embrace aggressive research methods on this essential subject matter. This has therefore been the impetus for this study to use the Cradle-to-Grave section of Life cycle analysis in the ISO 14040 for investigation of improved wastes management in a Nigerian brewery. In the study, emissions associated with brewery were identified and quantified to determine the releases into air, water and land. Materials use, use of energy, wastes and by-products generation as well as physical size from the sector were also determined for wastes management. The study shows that intensiveness of energy and water consumption in brewery industry during productions could cause large emissions that may have negative effects on the environment. Agreement of the material inputs and outputs in the study at about 99.6% level indicates that the adopted method can be of great help in solving wastes management problems in the brewery.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82411615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0151
O. E. Itabiyi, E. O. Sangotayo, J. O. Ogidiga
The flow of fluids and heat characteristics through free convection within an enclosed space has gained substantial study due to the various applications in manufacturing industries. This work examined the influence of buoyancy factors on normal convection in a heated tube filled with Copper (Cu) nanofluid. The method of finite difference was employed to characterize the regulating fluid formulae, and C++ programming language was employed to evaluate the Navier Stoke and continuity fields. This study examined Cu nanoparticles with particle sizes ranging from 1% to 10% and buoyancy values between 2.6 x 103 and 2.8 x 103 N. Cu nanofluid was used as the working fluid and the findings are presented as temperature gradient, Nusselt number, stream function, and vorticity curves. The findings revealed that an increase in the weight proportions of nanoparticles to 0.04 amplifies the buoyancy parameters to the highest value of 2.75 x 103 N; it yields a substantial enhancement in the heat transport rate by convection. Also, as the buoyancy factor increases, the temperature gradient, vorticity, and stream function of the nanofluid improve, while the local drag coefficient decreases. This study advances the understanding of buoyancy-driven convective flow and heat behavior in the technical design of floating vessels for safety and effectiveness.
由于在制造业中的各种应用，封闭空间内通过自由对流的流体流动和热特性已经获得了大量的研究。本文研究了浮力因素对充满铜纳米流体的加热管中正常对流的影响。采用有限差分法对调节流体公式进行表征，采用c++编程语言对Navier Stoke场和连续性场进行求解。本研究考察了粒径在1%到10%之间，浮力值在2.6 x 103到2.8 x 103 n之间的Cu纳米颗粒，并将Cu纳米流体作为工作流体，研究结果以温度梯度、努塞尔数、流函数和涡度曲线的形式呈现。结果表明，当纳米颗粒的重量比增加到0.04时，浮力参数达到2.75 × 103 N的最大值;它产生了对流传热率的显著增强。随着浮力系数的增大，纳米流体的温度梯度、涡度和流函数得到改善，而局部阻力系数减小。该研究促进了浮力驱动对流和热行为在浮式船舶安全有效技术设计中的理解。
{"title":"An Analysis of Buoyancy-Driven Heat Behaviour and Flow Pattern of a Water-Copper Nanofluid in a Cylindrical Conduit","authors":"O. E. Itabiyi, E. O. Sangotayo, J. O. Ogidiga","doi":"10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0151","url":null,"abstract":"The flow of fluids and heat characteristics through free convection within an enclosed space has gained substantial study due to the various applications in manufacturing industries. This work examined the influence of buoyancy factors on normal convection in a heated tube filled with Copper (Cu) nanofluid. The method of finite difference was employed to characterize the regulating fluid formulae, and C++ programming language was employed to evaluate the Navier Stoke and continuity fields. This study examined Cu nanoparticles with particle sizes ranging from 1% to 10% and buoyancy values between 2.6 x 103 and 2.8 x 103 N. Cu nanofluid was used as the working fluid and the findings are presented as temperature gradient, Nusselt number, stream function, and vorticity curves. The findings revealed that an increase in the weight proportions of nanoparticles to 0.04 amplifies the buoyancy parameters to the highest value of 2.75 x 103 N; it yields a substantial enhancement in the heat transport rate by convection. Also, as the buoyancy factor increases, the temperature gradient, vorticity, and stream function of the nanofluid improve, while the local drag coefficient decreases. This study advances the understanding of buoyancy-driven convective flow and heat behavior in the technical design of floating vessels for safety and effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74988178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0160
T. Guma, G. Istifanus
To date, there has been continued demand for more effective, less expensive, and accessible coating systems for durable corrosion and wear protection of auto auto-bodies, with a research need to meet the demands. The rationale behind this study was to create a high high-quality, low low-cost bituminous paint for use in protecting the under parts of automobile chassis against corrosion and wear, particularly in Nigeria. Five paint blends containing various proportions of 70 –100% Agbabu natural bitumen, 02 02–5% kerosene, 0 0–8.5% cobalt, 0 0–1% pigment, and 0 0–2.1% lead drier were produced and characterized by their basic physicochemical properties. The blends were brush brush-coated to a 1.78 1.78-mm average thickness on plate samples of mild steel, a commonly and widely applied but highly corrosion corrosion-susceptible chassis material type. Corrosion and wear tests performed on the steel samples under 1.78 1.78-mm -thick hard hard-dried coatings of the paint blends revealed that the blend with 75% bitumen, 15% kerosene, 8% cobalt, 0.6% pigment, and 1.4% lead drier content could perform exceptionally well in protecting the steel a t the coating thickness. X X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy analyses of that paint blend were conducted to understand its distinct chemical compositions and microstructural homogeneity level. The 1.78 1.78-mm -thick coating of that paint blend’s adhesion adequacy to the steel was also investigated. Analyses of the collected data revealed that the blend contained 25 different chemical species that are benign to steel corrosion, had a more or less uniform microstructure demonstrating its homogeneity, had minimal intergranular boundaries indicating minimal ingress of corrosion corrosion-causing agents to the steel underneath its coatings, and its hard hard-dried thin coatings would have excellent adhesion to any ferrous chassis material..
{"title":"Development of Bituminous Paint from Agbabu Natural Bitumen for Coat Coat-Protecting the Underparts of Automobile Chassis against Corrosion and Wear","authors":"T. Guma, G. Istifanus","doi":"10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0160","url":null,"abstract":"To date, there has been continued demand for more effective, less expensive, and accessible coating systems for durable corrosion and wear protection of auto auto-bodies, with a research need to meet the demands. The rationale behind this study was to create a high high-quality, low low-cost bituminous paint for use in protecting the under parts of automobile chassis against corrosion and wear, particularly in Nigeria. Five paint blends containing various proportions of 70 –100% Agbabu natural bitumen, 02 02–5% kerosene, 0 0–8.5% cobalt, 0 0–1% pigment, and 0 0–2.1% lead drier were produced and characterized by their basic physicochemical properties. The blends were brush brush-coated to a 1.78 1.78-mm average thickness on plate samples of mild steel, a commonly and widely applied but highly corrosion corrosion-susceptible chassis material type. Corrosion and wear tests performed on the steel samples under 1.78 1.78-mm -thick hard hard-dried coatings of the paint blends revealed that the blend with 75% bitumen, 15% kerosene, 8% cobalt, 0.6% pigment, and 1.4% lead drier content could perform exceptionally well in protecting the steel a t the coating thickness. X X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy analyses of that paint blend were conducted to understand its distinct chemical compositions and microstructural homogeneity level. The 1.78 1.78-mm -thick coating of that paint blend’s adhesion adequacy to the steel was also investigated. Analyses of the collected data revealed that the blend contained 25 different chemical species that are benign to steel corrosion, had a more or less uniform microstructure demonstrating its homogeneity, had minimal intergranular boundaries indicating minimal ingress of corrosion corrosion-causing agents to the steel underneath its coatings, and its hard hard-dried thin coatings would have excellent adhesion to any ferrous chassis material..","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75669456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0161
A. Owa, F. Adesina, O. R. Bodede, M. Olupona, O. Fapetu, B.O. Akinnibi
Mechanical properties of particulate granite and pulverized coconut shell hybrid reinforced epoxy composites were studied in this research, with the aim of converting agro-waste and natural occurring element to develop a new composite material for engineering applications. The stir cast method was used to produce the composites. The hybrid composites were developed by adding varying weight percentage of fine granite/coconut shell particles as reinforcement to epoxy matrix and the effect of the particles on the mechanical properties of the composite produced was investigated. The result revealed that the tensile strength ranges between 14.44 – 22.78 MPa, tensile modulus ranges between 300.52 – 718.47 MPa, flexural strength and flexural modulus varies between 43.03 – 77.19 MPa and 1009.35 – 1820.81 MPa, respectively; impact strength varies between 33 – 54 Joules and the hardness varies between 30.14 – 46.14 HRC. Finally, from the investigation, it is evident that the selection of percentage of filler content suitable for the polymer composite depends on the required properties for various engineering applications.
{"title":"Mechanical Properties of Granite / Pulverized Coconut Shell Particulate Hybrid Reinforced Epoxy Composites","authors":"A. Owa, F. Adesina, O. R. Bodede, M. Olupona, O. Fapetu, B.O. Akinnibi","doi":"10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0161","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical properties of particulate granite and pulverized coconut shell hybrid reinforced epoxy composites were studied in this research, with the aim of converting agro-waste and natural occurring element to develop a new composite material for engineering applications. The stir cast method was used to produce the composites. The hybrid composites were developed by adding varying weight percentage of fine granite/coconut shell particles as reinforcement to epoxy matrix and the effect of the particles on the mechanical properties of the composite produced was investigated. The result revealed that the tensile strength ranges between 14.44 – 22.78 MPa, tensile modulus ranges between 300.52 – 718.47 MPa, flexural strength and flexural modulus varies between 43.03 – 77.19 MPa and 1009.35 – 1820.81 MPa, respectively; impact strength varies between 33 – 54 Joules and the hardness varies between 30.14 – 46.14 HRC. Finally, from the investigation, it is evident that the selection of percentage of filler content suitable for the polymer composite depends on the required properties for various engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74021110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0121
M. Lawal, C. Ogunlade, K. Atanda
There is need for subsistence poultry farmers to maximize chick production to supply the increasing demand for poultry meat. This research developed and evaluated an egg incubator powered by a renewable energy source generated from solar modules. The incubator was incorporated with temperature and humidity sensors which measured and regulated the conditions suitable for the egg incubation. The direct current (DC) heater, sensor, microcontroller and DC fan provided suitable temperature and humidity for the eggs. The developed incubator was evaluated by monitoring the temperature and Relative Humidity (RH) readings over a range of time and the hatchability rate was also evaluated. The temperature within the incubator chamber ranged 37-38°C with an error margin of +0.1oC while the RH ranged between of 30-35% with an error margin of +5%. An average hatchability rate of 92% was obtained from the evaluation of the incubator. The evaluation gave a standardized temperature and relative humidity range of values necessary for incubation of eggs. The study has shown that solar energy could be used to successfully power incubator systems with good hatchability for the whole incubation period.
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of a Locally Designed Solar Integrated Egg Incubator","authors":"M. Lawal, C. Ogunlade, K. Atanda","doi":"10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0121","url":null,"abstract":"There is need for subsistence poultry farmers to maximize chick production to supply the increasing demand for poultry meat. This research developed and evaluated an egg incubator powered by a renewable energy source generated from solar modules. The incubator was incorporated with temperature and humidity sensors which measured and regulated the conditions suitable for the egg incubation. The direct current (DC) heater, sensor, microcontroller and DC fan provided suitable temperature and humidity for the eggs. The developed incubator was evaluated by monitoring the temperature and Relative Humidity (RH) readings over a range of time and the hatchability rate was also evaluated. The temperature within the incubator chamber ranged 37-38°C with an error margin of +0.1oC while the RH ranged between of 30-35% with an error margin of +5%. An average hatchability rate of 92% was obtained from the evaluation of the incubator. The evaluation gave a standardized temperature and relative humidity range of values necessary for incubation of eggs. The study has shown that solar energy could be used to successfully power incubator systems with good hatchability for the whole incubation period.","PeriodicalId":23413,"journal":{"name":"UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88942066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.36108/ujees/3202.50.0110
K. Alawode, F. Olowolafe
Power transformers play an important role in ensuring efficient and reliable transmission and distribution of electrical power. Their failure can lead to significant disruptions in power supply and safety concerns. Transformer incipient faults may occur due to various reasons, including electrical, mechanical or environmental factors. They develop slowly and can lead to serious damage if not diagnosed and corrected in time. In this review, various techniques for diagnosing this category of faults are highlighted before focusing on Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA). Discussion on DGA centres on the traditional methods for fault diagnosis as well as various stand-alone and hybrid artificial intelligence techniques developed to improve the fault diagnostic ability of the traditional methods.
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