Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.56
N. Stepanova, E. Valeeva, A. Elbahnasawy, O. Sinitsyna, S. Fomina, Aizat Basyyrov
Analysis of the air environment and atmospheric emissions is an efficient method for assessing the ecological situation in cities. Assessment of the chemical composition of deposit environments (soil, snow) shows long-term contamination. The snow cover (SC), being a natural accumulating plate, reflects environmental contamination with heavy metals (HM) caused by entry from various sources. The work aims to study the three-dimensional dynamics of large city contamination with HM. Sampling (in 2019 - 100, in 2020-100, in 2021 - 280) was performed in the first decade of March. The samples were analyzed for the HM content by atomic absorption method on apparatus AAS 3. Simultaneously, the content of Cd, Cu, Zn,/, Ni, and Mn in the solid residue (mg/kg of dust), along with the HM fallout density per unit area for dissolved and solid phases (mg/m2) during winter period were calculated. The average daily dust load on the city territory was confirmed by relatively weak temporal variation, the difference in dust release during the winter seasons of the years 2019-2021 did not increase by 20%. In 2019, the SC dust level was characterized mainly as low (85.5 kg/km2/day). High dust level was observed only at the sites adjacent to large industrial enterprises (816 kg/km2 -day). In 2020, the dust level of the city of SC was the lowest (40.8 kg/km2/day). Along with the decrease of the total dust weight, which entered the SC, a decrease of HM entry as part of dust was registered too. The element-by-element analysis showed that Fe (80-87%), Zn (5-6.8%), Mn (3.45-3.6%), and Cu (1.3-2.7%) made the highest proportion in the dust. Ranking in value of the concentration coefficient (C-) was as follows: Cd 327 > -u 51 > Zn 38 > / 18 > / 13 > Ni 11 > n 1.3. The spread of Cd data in selected measurement points in dust fallouts on SC was achieved 900 times. In urbanized systems, the Cd behavior is regulated by the transformation of hydrocarbons, which involves the structure of atmospheric emissions in the city of Kazan. Correlation between the HM content as part of liquid and solid phases of the city SC indicates a statistically significant relationship with their technogenic entry into the atmosphere from one or several sources, and the composition of HM geochemical association in SC depends largely on the set and relationship of elements in other components of the urban environment. The assumption of the integrity of -d, Pb, Cu, and Zn source of entry (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.55-0.92) was confirmed. Data on the SC contamination not only deepen our knowledge, reflecting peculiarities of the atmospheric pollution spread, but also allow preventing the contamination of water bodies and soils.
{"title":"THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE CITY ENVIRONMENT CONTAMINATION WITH HEAVY METALS BASED ON THE FINDINGS OF THE SNOW COVER STUDY","authors":"N. Stepanova, E. Valeeva, A. Elbahnasawy, O. Sinitsyna, S. Fomina, Aizat Basyyrov","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.56","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of the air environment and atmospheric emissions is an efficient method for assessing the ecological situation in cities. Assessment of the chemical composition of deposit environments (soil, snow) shows long-term contamination. The snow cover (SC), being a natural accumulating plate, reflects environmental contamination with heavy metals (HM) caused by entry from various sources. The work aims to study the three-dimensional dynamics of large city contamination with HM. Sampling (in 2019 - 100, in 2020-100, in 2021 - 280) was performed in the first decade of March. The samples were analyzed for the HM content by atomic absorption method on apparatus AAS 3. Simultaneously, the content of Cd, Cu, Zn,/, Ni, and Mn in the solid residue (mg/kg of dust), along with the HM fallout density per unit area for dissolved and solid phases (mg/m2) during winter period were calculated. The average daily dust load on the city territory was confirmed by relatively weak temporal variation, the difference in dust release during the winter seasons of the years 2019-2021 did not increase by 20%. In 2019, the SC dust level was characterized mainly as low (85.5 kg/km2/day). High dust level was observed only at the sites adjacent to large industrial enterprises (816 kg/km2 -day). In 2020, the dust level of the city of SC was the lowest (40.8 kg/km2/day). Along with the decrease of the total dust weight, which entered the SC, a decrease of HM entry as part of dust was registered too. The element-by-element analysis showed that Fe (80-87%), Zn (5-6.8%), Mn (3.45-3.6%), and Cu (1.3-2.7%) made the highest proportion in the dust. Ranking in value of the concentration coefficient (C-) was as follows: Cd 327 > -u 51 > Zn 38 > / 18 > / 13 > Ni 11 > n 1.3. The spread of Cd data in selected measurement points in dust fallouts on SC was achieved 900 times. In urbanized systems, the Cd behavior is regulated by the transformation of hydrocarbons, which involves the structure of atmospheric emissions in the city of Kazan. Correlation between the HM content as part of liquid and solid phases of the city SC indicates a statistically significant relationship with their technogenic entry into the atmosphere from one or several sources, and the composition of HM geochemical association in SC depends largely on the set and relationship of elements in other components of the urban environment. The assumption of the integrity of -d, Pb, Cu, and Zn source of entry (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.55-0.92) was confirmed. Data on the SC contamination not only deepen our knowledge, reflecting peculiarities of the atmospheric pollution spread, but also allow preventing the contamination of water bodies and soils.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":" 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132040525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.72
G. Batista, P. Brito
Biomass is extensively accepted as one of the main potential sources for sustainable and renewable generation of fuels, chemicals and other carbon-based materials. Many advantages are reported using biomass as an energy source, such as being a non-polluting alternative and its carbon neutrality. Numerous processes can be used to convert biomass, and namely the pyrolysis process is a renewable, economical, and efficient way to produce chemicals and/or energy. Therefore, pyrolysis is an available technology for biomass conversion into energy. It consists of a thermal decomposition process with the absence of oxygen, converting biomass into 3 fractions: biochar (solid fraction), bio-oil (liquid fraction) and gases. Hence, pyrolysis is a recognized industrial process for biomass energy and chemical conversion. The bio-oil and biochar can be used as a fuel and as fertilizer respectively, and the gases can be recycled back into the process. Biomass samples were characterized by proximate analysis, determining fixed carbon, moisture, volatiles and ashes composition, and by ultimate analyses, determining the content of C, H, N, S and O. The content of hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose was also determined. The methodologies are described elsewhere and all characterizations were performed on a dry basis. Pyrolysis tests were performed in a fixed-bed vertical pyrolysis oven, with a maximum temperature of 500 to 700 ?C, variable heating rate up to 50 ?C/min, retention time of 0.5 h, and N2 flow of 20 mL/min. The bio-oil and biochar were qualitatively characterized using FTIR and the products distribution was analyzed in relation to the biomass samples previous characterization.
{"title":"RESIDUAL BIOMASS CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ITS INFLUENCE ON PYROLYSIS PROCESSES","authors":"G. Batista, P. Brito","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.72","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass is extensively accepted as one of the main potential sources for sustainable and renewable generation of fuels, chemicals and other carbon-based materials. Many advantages are reported using biomass as an energy source, such as being a non-polluting alternative and its carbon neutrality. Numerous processes can be used to convert biomass, and namely the pyrolysis process is a renewable, economical, and efficient way to produce chemicals and/or energy. Therefore, pyrolysis is an available technology for biomass conversion into energy. It consists of a thermal decomposition process with the absence of oxygen, converting biomass into 3 fractions: biochar (solid fraction), bio-oil (liquid fraction) and gases. Hence, pyrolysis is a recognized industrial process for biomass energy and chemical conversion. The bio-oil and biochar can be used as a fuel and as fertilizer respectively, and the gases can be recycled back into the process. Biomass samples were characterized by proximate analysis, determining fixed carbon, moisture, volatiles and ashes composition, and by ultimate analyses, determining the content of C, H, N, S and O. The content of hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose was also determined. The methodologies are described elsewhere and all characterizations were performed on a dry basis. Pyrolysis tests were performed in a fixed-bed vertical pyrolysis oven, with a maximum temperature of 500 to 700 ?C, variable heating rate up to 50 ?C/min, retention time of 0.5 h, and N2 flow of 20 mL/min. The bio-oil and biochar were qualitatively characterized using FTIR and the products distribution was analyzed in relation to the biomass samples previous characterization.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"60 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132531267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.25
Martin Minařík, J. Cimo
The threat of climate change and its negative consequences is currently a very serious and immediate problem. The most observable manifestation of climate change is undoubtedly global warming. The higher air temperature has already affected the length of the growing season in a large part of Europe. Flowering and ripening of cereals begin a few days earlier than was usual. These changes are expected to continue in many regions. The extension of the growing season and the frost-free period can generally lead to an increase in the productivity of agricultural production in Northern Europe. Higher temperatures and longer growing seasons allow new crops to be grown. On the other hand, extreme heat and a decrease in rainfall and water availability are expected to reduce crop productivity. Higher fluctuations in annual crop yields are expected due to the influence of extreme heat. This extreme heat is also associated with an increased incidence of pests and diseases. In the presented work, we focus on the changes in the areas of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivation in the years 1961-2020 with predictions for the horizons of 2050, 2075, 2100. The analysis itself was based on the length of the growing season. It is clear from the results how the areas of the possibility of growing the analyzed crop are changing, and what will be the assumption of changes in areas in the future. The change of individual bands changes in connection with the change of average temperatures. The results show how the possibilities of growing the analyzed crop are shifting to higher altitudes precisely in connection with climate change.
{"title":"CHANGE IN THE AREA OF CULTIVATION OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS) UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN SLOVAKIA","authors":"Martin Minařík, J. Cimo","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.25","url":null,"abstract":"The threat of climate change and its negative consequences is currently a very serious and immediate problem. The most observable manifestation of climate change is undoubtedly global warming. The higher air temperature has already affected the length of the growing season in a large part of Europe. Flowering and ripening of cereals begin a few days earlier than was usual. These changes are expected to continue in many regions. The extension of the growing season and the frost-free period can generally lead to an increase in the productivity of agricultural production in Northern Europe. Higher temperatures and longer growing seasons allow new crops to be grown. On the other hand, extreme heat and a decrease in rainfall and water availability are expected to reduce crop productivity. Higher fluctuations in annual crop yields are expected due to the influence of extreme heat. This extreme heat is also associated with an increased incidence of pests and diseases. In the presented work, we focus on the changes in the areas of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivation in the years 1961-2020 with predictions for the horizons of 2050, 2075, 2100. The analysis itself was based on the length of the growing season. It is clear from the results how the areas of the possibility of growing the analyzed crop are changing, and what will be the assumption of changes in areas in the future. The change of individual bands changes in connection with the change of average temperatures. The results show how the possibilities of growing the analyzed crop are shifting to higher altitudes precisely in connection with climate change.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132613126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.34
Dace Butenaite, Sindija Liepa, Kristaps Siltumens, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, I. Grīnfelde
Agricultural activities account for about a third of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Most of the GHG in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The aim of this study is to measure N2O isotopes in two differently managed agricultural soils. One soil is with organic farming and the other with conventional. Samples were collected in 32 experimental plots as well as a control plot. The samples are thus weighed in 3 l buckets, each 1.8 kg in total. Two samples were made from each plot so that they could have a different moisture regime. Moistening is designed for wet aerobic and wet anaerobic soil conditions. Information on changes in soil weight after soil wetting was also collected. Measurements for N2O isotopes were performed using a Picarro G5131-i instrument under laboratory conditions. The obtained data were collected and analysed. It was concluded that not all differences and interrelationships of the N2O isotope data obtained can be directly attributed to soil management. Differences between the effects of the microorganism population and the physical properties of the soil cannot be ruled out. The maximum value of ?15NSP value is 18.58 and the minimum value is -53.41. On the other hand, the maximum value of ?15Nbulk values is 26.76, and the minimum value is -56.97. In the conclusions, we get that both nitrification and denitrification dominate among cultures.
{"title":"FARM MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IMPACT ON N2O EMISSION","authors":"Dace Butenaite, Sindija Liepa, Kristaps Siltumens, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, I. Grīnfelde","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.34","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural activities account for about a third of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Most of the GHG in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The aim of this study is to measure N2O isotopes in two differently managed agricultural soils. One soil is with organic farming and the other with conventional. Samples were collected in 32 experimental plots as well as a control plot. The samples are thus weighed in 3 l buckets, each 1.8 kg in total. Two samples were made from each plot so that they could have a different moisture regime. Moistening is designed for wet aerobic and wet anaerobic soil conditions. Information on changes in soil weight after soil wetting was also collected. Measurements for N2O isotopes were performed using a Picarro G5131-i instrument under laboratory conditions. The obtained data were collected and analysed. It was concluded that not all differences and interrelationships of the N2O isotope data obtained can be directly attributed to soil management. Differences between the effects of the microorganism population and the physical properties of the soil cannot be ruled out. The maximum value of ?15NSP value is 18.58 and the minimum value is -53.41. On the other hand, the maximum value of ?15Nbulk values is 26.76, and the minimum value is -56.97. In the conclusions, we get that both nitrification and denitrification dominate among cultures.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114728110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.33
I. Tulbure, Marius Berca
Humanity vision regarding available odds to design and exploit different technological applications by using for this goal diverse energy resources has been and continues to be directed to steadily increasing its quality of life. Made experiences have emphasized that industrial activities can have beside positive desired impacts on humanity quality of life also negative undesired ones. Conventional energy technologies have been since long applied, their impacts being especially perceivable on environment. Chances and challenges of using energy resources in energy supply systems have started to be carefully analyzed. Not only economic and technological assessment criteria have to be considered but also environmental and social ones. Related to these considerations a comprehensive holistic analysis and assessment can be carried out by using an appropriate model for energy resources usage technologies. In this context the analytical part for developing the environmental impact analyzing model will be coupled with a so-called -dynamic- assessment part based on a gradient assessment method of pollutants emissions. Proposed model will be applied for fossil fuels and for renewable energy resources by designing several possible energy resources usage scenarios by considering currently much debated European Green Deal. Finally future usage odds of energy resources will be debated for minimizing environmental impacts and for assuring sustainable energy supply systems for human society.
{"title":"ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSING AND ASSESSING MODEL OF ENERGY RESOURCES USAGE TECHNOLOGIES","authors":"I. Tulbure, Marius Berca","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.33","url":null,"abstract":"Humanity vision regarding available odds to design and exploit different technological applications by using for this goal diverse energy resources has been and continues to be directed to steadily increasing its quality of life. Made experiences have emphasized that industrial activities can have beside positive desired impacts on humanity quality of life also negative undesired ones. Conventional energy technologies have been since long applied, their impacts being especially perceivable on environment. Chances and challenges of using energy resources in energy supply systems have started to be carefully analyzed. Not only economic and technological assessment criteria have to be considered but also environmental and social ones. Related to these considerations a comprehensive holistic analysis and assessment can be carried out by using an appropriate model for energy resources usage technologies. In this context the analytical part for developing the environmental impact analyzing model will be coupled with a so-called -dynamic- assessment part based on a gradient assessment method of pollutants emissions. Proposed model will be applied for fossil fuels and for renewable energy resources by designing several possible energy resources usage scenarios by considering currently much debated European Green Deal. Finally future usage odds of energy resources will be debated for minimizing environmental impacts and for assuring sustainable energy supply systems for human society.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130651570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.54
N. Bãghinã, D. Bordean, L. Alda, I. Gaica, D. Dicu
Lettuce is one of the most popular leafy vegetables due to the high concentrations of minerals and vitamins. The high ecological plasticity and short vegetation period makes it extremely vulnerable to environmental conditions and, indirectly, to climate change. In order to obtain plants with valuable nutritional profile, the environmental conditions for cultivation, like moisture content and temperature are very important. There are many research studies performed concerning the effects of climatic changes on agricultural production, but the impact on the nutritional value of foods has not been commonly studied. The question to which this study intends to answer is to present the influence of climate change on mineral content of lettuce based on database information and experimental data, using different mathematical models. Even if lettuce production is performed mostly under controlled conditions, there are important modifications regarding nutritional profiles of lettuce, in special minerals content.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LEAFY VEGETABLES MINERAL COMPOSITION","authors":"N. Bãghinã, D. Bordean, L. Alda, I. Gaica, D. Dicu","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.54","url":null,"abstract":"Lettuce is one of the most popular leafy vegetables due to the high concentrations of minerals and vitamins. The high ecological plasticity and short vegetation period makes it extremely vulnerable to environmental conditions and, indirectly, to climate change. In order to obtain plants with valuable nutritional profile, the environmental conditions for cultivation, like moisture content and temperature are very important. There are many research studies performed concerning the effects of climatic changes on agricultural production, but the impact on the nutritional value of foods has not been commonly studied. The question to which this study intends to answer is to present the influence of climate change on mineral content of lettuce based on database information and experimental data, using different mathematical models. Even if lettuce production is performed mostly under controlled conditions, there are important modifications regarding nutritional profiles of lettuce, in special minerals content.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117021738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.14
A. Ribeiro, L. Martins
Pigments have important applications in various fields, such as colorants in food, cosmetic or textile industries and in biomedical applications. Dyes, especially azo dyes contained in wastewaters released from textile, pigment, and leather industries, are entering into natural waterbodies. Nonconventional biomass-based sorbents are the greatest attractive alternatives because of their low cost, sustainability, availability, and eco-friendly. In this work we use biomass produced from Black Soldier Fly exuviae for water treatment. The treatment used is based on an oxidative reagent able to degrade the aimed compounds, either by complete elimination or by reducing their environmental harmfulness. Hydrogen peroxide is a common reactant when it comes to wastewater oxidative treatments. Although it is a highly oxidative species, further activation by cleavage into hydroxyl radicals can be achieved by the presence of ozone, UV-light or transition metals.
{"title":"PIGMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY FENTON-S PROCESS AND BIOMASS FROM BSF EXUVIAE","authors":"A. Ribeiro, L. Martins","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.14","url":null,"abstract":"Pigments have important applications in various fields, such as colorants in food, cosmetic or textile industries and in biomedical applications. Dyes, especially azo dyes contained in wastewaters released from textile, pigment, and leather industries, are entering into natural waterbodies. \u0000Nonconventional biomass-based sorbents are the greatest attractive alternatives because of their low cost, sustainability, availability, and eco-friendly. In this work we use biomass produced from Black Soldier Fly exuviae for water treatment. \u0000The treatment used is based on an oxidative reagent able to degrade the aimed compounds, either by complete elimination or by reducing their environmental harmfulness. \u0000Hydrogen peroxide is a common reactant when it comes to wastewater oxidative treatments. Although it is a highly oxidative species, further activation by cleavage into hydroxyl radicals can be achieved by the presence of ozone, UV-light or transition metals.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133648624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.62
J. Luksa, V. Pukite, V. Celmina, A. Celms
The quality of agricultural land (including orchards) describes the productivity of the land, or the benefit that the soil can give to the owner if it is properly cultivated and used. It depends on the type of soil, the mechanical composition of the soil, the reaction of the acidity of the soil, the condition of the drainage system, the contour of the plot of land, the area, rockiness, terrain, and other factors. Alternative energy sources are types of energy resources which the use causes no or only minor damage to the environment. Alternative energy resources are wind, water, solar radiation, biomass, geothermal energy or earth's energy potential, tidal processes, and water waves themselves. There are two options - how to use alternative energy resources. Direct use when fossil energy resources are completely replaced by alternatives and co-use when both fossil and alternative energy resources are used. The main result of the research is to find out which would be the best places in orchards for alternative energy sources, such as solar panels, by evaluating the orchard land. The main problematic of research is that many agricultural lands, including orchards, are left uncultivated and unused, but by weeding the land, it would be possible to determine the place where alternative energy sources can be better placed. Thus, farmers would get an additional benefit from their land - energy that can be used for their own. In the research are included 4 orchards in different places in Latvia, with different soil composition, relief, composition of fruit trees and other factors.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF ORCHARD LAND FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEPLOYMENT","authors":"J. Luksa, V. Pukite, V. Celmina, A. Celms","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.62","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of agricultural land (including orchards) describes the productivity of the land, or the benefit that the soil can give to the owner if it is properly cultivated and used. It depends on the type of soil, the mechanical composition of the soil, the reaction of the acidity of the soil, the condition of the drainage system, the contour of the plot of land, the area, rockiness, terrain, and other factors. \u0000Alternative energy sources are types of energy resources which the use causes no or only minor damage to the environment. Alternative energy resources are wind, water, solar radiation, biomass, geothermal energy or earth's energy potential, tidal processes, and water waves themselves. There are two options - how to use alternative energy resources. Direct use when fossil energy resources are completely replaced by alternatives and co-use when both fossil and alternative energy resources are used. \u0000The main result of the research is to find out which would be the best places in orchards for alternative energy sources, such as solar panels, by evaluating the orchard land. \u0000The main problematic of research is that many agricultural lands, including orchards, are left uncultivated and unused, but by weeding the land, it would be possible to determine the place where alternative energy sources can be better placed. Thus, farmers would get an additional benefit from their land - energy that can be used for their own. \u0000In the research are included 4 orchards in different places in Latvia, with different soil composition, relief, composition of fruit trees and other factors.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127297621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.76
V. Dedoussis
The purpose of this research work is to provide an integrated techno-economic analysis and an optimal design of hybrid electricity power supply systems that incorporate autonomy and power supply stability with minimum cost. Three isolated Islands, namely, Lesvos, Karpathos and Astypalea, in the Aegean Sea, Greece, have been identified as the appropriate sites for the performance assessment of the off-grid hybrid power systems, due to the abundant renewable energy potential in the Islands, in conjunction with the rising fuel (diesel) prices under the influence of the current economic crisis. The relevant economic indices of the hybrid power systems have been optimized employing the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) Simulation Software. Calculated results showed that hybrid wind/PV/diesel/battery power systems are competitive in terms of cost with diesel-only based power generation systems; the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) values are estimated at 0.153 -/kWh for the Lesvos Island, 0.161 -/kWh for the Karpathos Island, and 0.191 -/kWh for the Astypalea Island.
{"title":"TECHNO-ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION OF HYBRID ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEMS FOR OFF-GRID ISLANDS","authors":"V. Dedoussis","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.76","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research work is to provide an integrated techno-economic analysis and an optimal design of hybrid electricity power supply systems that incorporate autonomy and power supply stability with minimum cost. Three isolated Islands, namely, Lesvos, Karpathos and Astypalea, in the Aegean Sea, Greece, have been identified as the appropriate sites for the performance assessment of the off-grid hybrid power systems, due to the abundant renewable energy potential in the Islands, in conjunction with the rising fuel (diesel) prices under the influence of the current economic crisis. The relevant economic indices of the hybrid power systems have been optimized employing the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) Simulation Software. Calculated results showed that hybrid wind/PV/diesel/battery power systems are competitive in terms of cost with diesel-only based power generation systems; the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) values are estimated at 0.153 -/kWh for the Lesvos Island, 0.161 -/kWh for the Karpathos Island, and 0.191 -/kWh for the Astypalea Island.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126374682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.40
Sindija Liepa, Kristaps Siltumens, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, I. Grīnfelde, Dace Butenaite
Crop cultivation is beneficial for reducing soil erosion and nutrient loss, but there is conflicting information on how crop cultivation affects emissions of nitrogen dioxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. Judicious selection of the cultivated crop in a plant succession is considered an effective approach to maintaining crop productivity. In this paper, we investigated the effects of cultivated crops on soil N2O emissions. Eight crops were used in this study: barley, buckwheat, clover, oats, potatoes, spring wheat, winter wheat and canola. Samples were collected in 32 experimental plots as well as a control plot. The samples are thus weighed in 3 l buckets, each 1.8 kg in total. Two samples were weighed from each plot to allow for different moisture regimes. Moistening is designed for wet aerobic and wet anaerobic soil conditions. Information on changes in soil weight after soil wetting was also collected. Measurements of N2O isotopes were performed using the Picarro G5131-i equipment in laboratory conditions. The obtained data were collected and analyzed. It was concluded that not all the obtained differences in N2O isotope data dispersion can be directly related to the cultivated crop, the physical properties of the soil, the use of fertilizers and the influence of the microorganism population cannot be excluded. The maximum value of ?15NSP value is 18.58 and the minimum value is -53.41. On the other hand, the maximum value of ?15Nbulk values is 26.76, and the minimum value is -56.97. In the conclusions, we get that both nitrification and denitrification dominate among cultures.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF GROWN CULTURE ON N2O FORMATION","authors":"Sindija Liepa, Kristaps Siltumens, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, I. Grīnfelde, Dace Butenaite","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.40","url":null,"abstract":"Crop cultivation is beneficial for reducing soil erosion and nutrient loss, but there is conflicting information on how crop cultivation affects emissions of nitrogen dioxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. Judicious selection of the cultivated crop in a plant succession is considered an effective approach to maintaining crop productivity. In this paper, we investigated the effects of cultivated crops on soil N2O emissions. Eight crops were used in this study: barley, buckwheat, clover, oats, potatoes, spring wheat, winter wheat and canola. Samples were collected in 32 experimental plots as well as a control plot. The samples are thus weighed in 3 l buckets, each 1.8 kg in total. Two samples were weighed from each plot to allow for different moisture regimes. Moistening is designed for wet aerobic and wet anaerobic soil conditions. Information on changes in soil weight after soil wetting was also collected. Measurements of N2O isotopes were performed using the Picarro G5131-i equipment in laboratory conditions. The obtained data were collected and analyzed. It was concluded that not all the obtained differences in N2O isotope data dispersion can be directly related to the cultivated crop, the physical properties of the soil, the use of fertilizers and the influence of the microorganism population cannot be excluded. The maximum value of ?15NSP value is 18.58 and the minimum value is -53.41. On the other hand, the maximum value of ?15Nbulk values is 26.76, and the minimum value is -56.97. In the conclusions, we get that both nitrification and denitrification dominate among cultures.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114545697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：