Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.78
Maria Francesca Lucente
The energy community, as a new mode of citizen participation in the European renewable energy market, highlights the close connection between energy decentralisation, territorial development, and the crucial role of local authorities in doing so. In the context of territorial development and keeping within the ongoing decentralisation processes, participation and sustainability is particularly important. Also, the very idea of promoting community energy, leads to the affirmation of an innovative system of energy governance, based on horizontal subsidiarity identifying these actors as the protagonists of a new local development, favouring forms of selfgovernment of particularly fragile territories and the most marginal areas. Since there is a common ground between the local authority and the energy community, this paper will also specifically highlight how local authorities are called upon to play an active role on the one hand, to pursue the public interest and the promotion of the common good. While on the other, the energy communities who have objectives and a juridical nature, makes them interests of the public authority. In fact, it can-t be argued that from the perspective of the energy community being a non-profit organization, it is aimed at promoting the protection of the economic interest of its members, as well as promoting a wider environmental and social benefit, which also generally extends to the entire local community.
{"title":"THE ENERGY COMMUNITY AS A TOOL FOR LOCAL DEVELOPMENT: NEW GOVERNANCE OF THE ENERGY MARKET","authors":"Maria Francesca Lucente","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.78","url":null,"abstract":"The energy community, as a new mode of citizen participation in the European renewable energy market, highlights the close connection between energy decentralisation, territorial development, and the crucial role of local authorities in doing so. In the context of territorial development and keeping within the ongoing decentralisation processes, participation and sustainability is particularly important. Also, the very idea of promoting community energy, leads to the affirmation of an innovative system of energy governance, based on horizontal subsidiarity identifying these actors as the protagonists of a new local development, favouring forms of selfgovernment of particularly fragile territories and the most marginal areas. \u0000Since there is a common ground between the local authority and the energy community, this paper will also specifically highlight how local authorities are called upon to play an active role on the one hand, to pursue the public interest and the promotion of the common good. While on the other, the energy communities who have objectives and a juridical nature, makes them interests of the public authority. In fact, it can-t be argued that from the perspective of the energy community being a non-profit organization, it is aimed at promoting the protection of the economic interest of its members, as well as promoting a wider environmental and social benefit, which also generally extends to the entire local community.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130378676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.64
I. Samfira, N. Horablaga, C. Bârliba, L. Barliba, Saida Feier-David
Renewable energy is the energy produced from renewable resources replenished naturally on a human scale from sources: sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, geothermal heat, etc. Renewable energy induces a negligible ecological footprint that is quite limited in the area of operation, while at the same time providing obvious ecological benefits and contributing to the sustainable development of human societies. Today in 2022, renewable energy sources are considered alternatives to fossil fuels because they contribute a lot to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but especially to the diversification of the energy supply and to the reduction of dependence on the market-s increasingly expensive fossil fuels (especially oil and gas). Romania produces energy from renewable sources with a much higher weight than the average of the EU, concomitantly it occupies a leading place among the countries dependent on coal to generate electricity. From 2020 the electricity supplied in Romania to final customers comes in a percentage of 54.53% from conventional sources and in the percentage of 45.47% from renewable sources. In other words, we believe that the European Green Pact will contribute in an important way to achieving climate neutrality by reducing carbon emissions produced by the energy sector because the EU's goal for the year 2050 is to achieve neutrality in the emission of greenhouse gases.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN ROMANIA","authors":"I. Samfira, N. Horablaga, C. Bârliba, L. Barliba, Saida Feier-David","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.64","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy is the energy produced from renewable resources replenished naturally on a human scale from sources: sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, geothermal heat, etc. Renewable energy induces a negligible ecological footprint that is quite limited in the area of operation, while at the same time providing obvious ecological benefits and contributing to the sustainable development of human societies. \u0000Today in 2022, renewable energy sources are considered alternatives to fossil fuels because they contribute a lot to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but especially to the diversification of the energy supply and to the reduction of dependence on the market-s increasingly expensive fossil fuels (especially oil and gas). \u0000Romania produces energy from renewable sources with a much higher weight than the average of the EU, concomitantly it occupies a leading place among the countries dependent on coal to generate electricity. From 2020 the electricity supplied in Romania to final customers comes in a percentage of 54.53% from conventional sources and in the percentage of 45.47% from renewable sources. \u0000In other words, we believe that the European Green Pact will contribute in an important way to achieving climate neutrality by reducing carbon emissions produced by the energy sector because the EU's goal for the year 2050 is to achieve neutrality in the emission of greenhouse gases.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130529851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.45
Sorin Simion, G. Gaman, Angelica-Nicoleta Găman, Daniel Pupazan, A. Simion
Noise is a "by-product of technological metabolism", omnipresent in most workplaces, representing one of the discomfort factors for personnel working in the presence of this noxae. Knowledge of risks generated by exposure to noise specific to each activity carried out, allow quantification of the effects on workers such as: masking, auditory fatigue, sound trauma, acute hypoacusis, professional deafness. Accidental exposure to noise leads to auditory fatigue, which is a transient and reversible phenomenon, but prolonged exposure to high-intensity noise in work environments generates occupational diseases, eventually leading to permanent and irreversible loss of hearing (occupational deafness). The issue of noise is also of undeniable importance from an economic point of view, because of the low yield generated by discomfort associated to noise and errors in performing various operations, mostly caused by attention distraction. Because of mechanization and increased work speed, the number of people exposed to noise is constantly increasing. The current paper analyses the way in which noise generated by technological processes in the automotive industry influences the activity of workers, because the automotive industry represents one of the most developed and dynamic economic sectors, cars being manufactured in a sustained manner because the supply-demand ratio is extremely high. Preventive activity regarding noise exposure must be based on noise level determinations. In this sense, the purpose of the paper is the analysis of noise determinations carried out at an economic operator in the automotive sector, namely the production of metal subassemblies for car bodies and comparison of values obtained with the limit values set by in force legislation, in order to assess the degree of exposure to occupational risk factors present during normal working time.
{"title":"NOISE - DISRUPTIVE FACTOR IN WORK","authors":"Sorin Simion, G. Gaman, Angelica-Nicoleta Găman, Daniel Pupazan, A. Simion","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.45","url":null,"abstract":"Noise is a \"by-product of technological metabolism\", omnipresent in most workplaces, representing one of the discomfort factors for personnel working in the presence of this noxae. \u0000Knowledge of risks generated by exposure to noise specific to each activity carried out, allow quantification of the effects on workers such as: masking, auditory fatigue, sound trauma, acute hypoacusis, professional deafness. \u0000Accidental exposure to noise leads to auditory fatigue, which is a transient and reversible phenomenon, but prolonged exposure to high-intensity noise in work environments generates occupational diseases, eventually leading to permanent and irreversible loss of hearing (occupational deafness). The issue of noise is also of undeniable importance from an economic point of view, because of the low yield generated by discomfort associated to noise and errors in performing various operations, mostly caused by attention distraction. \u0000Because of mechanization and increased work speed, the number of people exposed to noise is constantly increasing. \u0000The current paper analyses the way in which noise generated by technological processes in the automotive industry influences the activity of workers, because the automotive industry represents one of the most developed and dynamic economic sectors, cars being manufactured in a sustained manner because the supply-demand ratio is extremely high. Preventive activity regarding noise exposure must be based on noise level determinations. In this sense, the purpose of the paper is the analysis of noise determinations carried out at an economic operator in the automotive sector, namely the production of metal subassemblies for car bodies and comparison of values obtained with the limit values set by in force legislation, in order to assess the degree of exposure to occupational risk factors present during normal working time.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132793621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.09
Yerkin Bektay, Gaukhar Turysbekova, A. Altynbek, Bauyrzhan Shiderin, B. Duysebaev
Uranium in situ recovery (ISR) is an effective method for extracting uranium from sandstone deposits. Many uranium deposits are characterized by the presence of associated metals: gold, platinum group metals and rare earth metals. For one of the uranium deposits in Kazakhstan, studies were carried out on sampling from productive wells at the ISR of uranium. An analysis was carried out for the content of uranium, rare earth elements, scandium, germanium, yttrium and other metals. For the study, samples were taken from productive wells used for uranium ISL. Studies have shown the presence of valuable associated metals in almost all productive wells where samples were taken. The analysis showed the possibility of extracting associated metals from productive solutions. It is noted that a higher effect can be achieved on mothballed wells when using leaching solutions with a higher redox potential. This will make it possible to obtain an additional economic effect from suspended (closed) wells, the number of which is over 70% of the total number of wells drilled in this field.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF ASSOCIATED METALS IN PRODUCTIVE WELLS FOR IN SITU RECOVERY (ISR) OF URANIUM","authors":"Yerkin Bektay, Gaukhar Turysbekova, A. Altynbek, Bauyrzhan Shiderin, B. Duysebaev","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.09","url":null,"abstract":"Uranium in situ recovery (ISR) is an effective method for extracting uranium from sandstone deposits. Many uranium deposits are characterized by the presence of associated metals: gold, platinum group metals and rare earth metals. For one of the uranium deposits in Kazakhstan, studies were carried out on sampling from productive wells at the ISR of uranium. An analysis was carried out for the content of uranium, rare earth elements, scandium, germanium, yttrium and other metals. For the study, samples were taken from productive wells used for uranium ISL. Studies have shown the presence of valuable associated metals in almost all productive wells where samples were taken. The analysis showed the possibility of extracting associated metals from productive solutions. It is noted that a higher effect can be achieved on mothballed wells when using leaching solutions with a higher redox potential. This will make it possible to obtain an additional economic effect from suspended (closed) wells, the number of which is over 70% of the total number of wells drilled in this field.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128318387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.24
Michel Kalenga Wa Kalenga
The sintering process has been used for years to agglomerate ores to prepare the material for better operations in furnaces. Many research works have been conducted at bench scale and upscaled to industrial. The composition of the raw material, the homogenization of the feed, the challenges due to granulometry, moisture content, the distribution of gases in the burden, the impact of the fuel on the morphologies obtained in the sinters have been largely investigated. During sintering, fossil fuels such as coke breeze and coal are used for combustion to supply the required heat. From the combustion process gas emissions ensue. These gases may contain CO, CO2, NOx, SOx including volatile organic matters that are found in the fuel. Although some of the gases recondense on their way out of the sinter strand, mitigating technologies have not stopped being lurched for. Improvements were made but many challenges remain, and more efforts are required to not only better the quality of sinters produced but reduce the level of pollution. The current paper discusses some challenges and aspects such us the punctual inhomogeneity of the burden, the variability in oxygen potential in each point of the burden which influence the formation of phases present in the final sinters therefore their properties that need more understanding, pollution due to the use of fuel used and required solutions. The use of fourth industrial revolution as key element in the improvement on prediction and a fast-tracking response not only to the quality of the burden, sinters produced but also the lowering of pollution during sintering process.
{"title":"CHALLENGES DURING ORES SINTERING PROCESS AND POSSIBLE IMPACT OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","authors":"Michel Kalenga Wa Kalenga","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.24","url":null,"abstract":"The sintering process has been used for years to agglomerate ores to prepare the material for better operations in furnaces. Many research works have been conducted at bench scale and upscaled to industrial. The composition of the raw material, the homogenization of the feed, the challenges due to granulometry, moisture content, the distribution of gases in the burden, the impact of the fuel on the morphologies obtained in the sinters have been largely investigated. During sintering, fossil fuels such as coke breeze and coal are used for combustion to supply the required heat. From the combustion process gas emissions ensue. These gases may contain CO, CO2, NOx, SOx including volatile organic matters that are found in the fuel. Although some of the gases recondense on their way out of the sinter strand, mitigating technologies have not stopped being lurched for. Improvements were made but many challenges remain, and more efforts are required to not only better the quality of sinters produced but reduce the level of pollution. The current paper discusses some challenges and aspects such us the punctual inhomogeneity of the burden, the variability in oxygen potential in each point of the burden which influence the formation of phases present in the final sinters therefore their properties that need more understanding, pollution due to the use of fuel used and required solutions. The use of fourth industrial revolution as key element in the improvement on prediction and a fast-tracking response not only to the quality of the burden, sinters produced but also the lowering of pollution during sintering process.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133134073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s16.59
A. Kaglyan, D. Gudkov, S. Kireev, L. Yurchuk, M.A. Menkovska
The levels of specific activity of 90Sr and 137Cs in fish of one of the most polluted reservoirs of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (ChEZ) - Vershyna Lake. During the research period from 2011 to 2021 for all studied fish of the lake. The peak ranges of the specific activity of radionuclides are noted at the level of 32960-213300 (average value 67832-22936) Bq/kg for 90Sr and 838-25907 (4811-569) Bq/kg for 137Cs. It is shown that at the current stage, the specific activity of 90Sr in the ichthyofauna of the lake exceeds the permissible levels, which are accepted in Ukraine for fish products in more than 942-6094, and 137Cs - in 6-173 times. The 90Sr/137Cs ratio in lake fish is in the range of 3-108. The distribution of radionuclides in the organs and tissues of silver crucian carp is given. Estimated dose rate of fish irradiation of the Vershyna Lake. As shown by the results of studies of the ichthyofauna of Vershyna Lake , the maximum average dose rate irradiation was noted in representatives of bentophagous Prussian carp (149,5-12,1 ?Gy/h), the minimum - in the pelagic Sunbleak (56,2-5,1 ?Gy/h). It was noted, that 90Sr is the dominant radionuclide in the formation of the total radiation dose of fish from Vershyna Lake (in contrast to all other investigated reservoirs of the ChEZ).
{"title":"LEVELS OF RADIONUCLIDE CONTAMINATION OF FISH OF VERSHYNA LAKE IN THE CHORNOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE","authors":"A. Kaglyan, D. Gudkov, S. Kireev, L. Yurchuk, M.A. Menkovska","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s16.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s16.59","url":null,"abstract":"The levels of specific activity of 90Sr and 137Cs in fish of one of the most polluted reservoirs of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (ChEZ) - Vershyna Lake. During the research period from 2011 to 2021 for all studied fish of the lake. The peak ranges of the specific activity of radionuclides are noted at the level of 32960-213300 (average value 67832-22936) Bq/kg for 90Sr and 838-25907 (4811-569) Bq/kg for 137Cs. It is shown that at the current stage, the specific activity of 90Sr in the ichthyofauna of the lake exceeds the permissible levels, which are accepted in Ukraine for fish products in more than 942-6094, and 137Cs - in 6-173 times. The 90Sr/137Cs ratio in lake fish is in the range of 3-108. The distribution of radionuclides in the organs and tissues of silver crucian carp is given. Estimated dose rate of fish irradiation of the Vershyna Lake. As shown by the results of studies of the ichthyofauna of Vershyna Lake , the maximum average dose rate irradiation was noted in representatives of bentophagous Prussian carp (149,5-12,1 ?Gy/h), the minimum - in the pelagic Sunbleak (56,2-5,1 ?Gy/h). It was noted, that 90Sr is the dominant radionuclide in the formation of the total radiation dose of fish from Vershyna Lake (in contrast to all other investigated reservoirs of the ChEZ).","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117350931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.77
Z. Abelniece, Helle-Mai Piirsoo, H. Mandar, A. Tamm
The alternative way to solve the greenhouse gas emission problems is carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and utilization. CO2 hydrogenation is one of the routes to obtain valuable chemicals and fuels such as methanol. The effect of indium (In) promoter on catalytic system Cu/Zn/SBA-15 has been studied. 1%In/Cu/ZnO/SBA15 and 6%In/Cu/ZnO/SBA15 catalysts have been synthesized by impregnation method and compared with Cu/Zn/SBA-15 catalyst (the content of Cu 30 wt.% and the content of Zn 1.4 wt.%). All catalysts have been characterized using XRD analysis, N2 adsorptiondesorption analysis, SEM-EDX and STEM analysis. CO2 hydrogenation was proceeded in a fixed-bed tubular micro-activity reactor at 20 bar 250 -C with H2 to CO2 molar ratio 4 to 1. The addition of In showed positive effect on the structural and textural properties of catalyst, but the activity in hydrogenation reaction showed opposite - the largest space-time yield of methanol was obtained with Cu/Zn/SBA-15 catalyst.
解决温室气体排放问题的另一种方法是二氧化碳的捕获和利用。二氧化碳加氢是获得有价值的化学品和甲醇等燃料的途径之一。研究了铟(In)助剂对Cu/Zn/SBA-15催化体系的影响。采用浸渍法制备了1%In/Cu/ZnO/SBA15和6%In/Cu/ZnO/SBA15催化剂，并与Cu/Zn/SBA-15催化剂(Cu含量为30 wt.%， Zn含量为1.4 wt.%)进行了比较。采用XRD分析、N2吸附-脱附分析、SEM-EDX和STEM分析对催化剂进行了表征。在固定床管式微活性反应器中进行CO2加氢，反应温度为20 bar 250 c, H2与CO2的摩尔比为4:1。In的加入对催化剂的结构和织构性能有积极的影响，但对加氢反应的活性则相反，Cu/Zn/SBA-15催化剂的甲醇时空产率最大。
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF In PROMOTER ON Cu/ZnO/SBA-15 CATALYST STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES AND ACTIVITY FOR CO2 HYDROGENATION","authors":"Z. Abelniece, Helle-Mai Piirsoo, H. Mandar, A. Tamm","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.77","url":null,"abstract":"The alternative way to solve the greenhouse gas emission problems is carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and utilization. CO2 hydrogenation is one of the routes to obtain valuable chemicals and fuels such as methanol. The effect of indium (In) promoter on catalytic system Cu/Zn/SBA-15 has been studied. 1%In/Cu/ZnO/SBA15 and 6%In/Cu/ZnO/SBA15 catalysts have been synthesized by impregnation method and compared with Cu/Zn/SBA-15 catalyst (the content of Cu 30 wt.% and the content of Zn 1.4 wt.%). All catalysts have been characterized using XRD analysis, N2 adsorptiondesorption analysis, SEM-EDX and STEM analysis. CO2 hydrogenation was proceeded in a fixed-bed tubular micro-activity reactor at 20 bar 250 -C with H2 to CO2 molar ratio 4 to 1. The addition of In showed positive effect on the structural and textural properties of catalyst, but the activity in hydrogenation reaction showed opposite - the largest space-time yield of methanol was obtained with Cu/Zn/SBA-15 catalyst.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126126002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.03
M. Sydykanov, Yerkin Bektay, Gaukhar Turysbekova, A. Baibatsha, Gurhan Yalcin
The lack of new deposits with a rich copper content and the depletion of old deposits, as well as the need to comply with environmental requirements, raises the issue of the need to process the tailings of metallurgical industries. In Kazakhstan was accumulated significant stocks of tailings "Borgezsay" and "Staroye". The tailings reserves are estimated at up to 1 billion tons. Sample evaluation showed that the average copper content in the tailings is 0.15-0.2%. More than 1 million tons of copper are stored in this tailings. The complexity of the structure of minerals passes through the process of leaching of these wastes. Several types of leaching in sulfuric acid were considered for processing. Methods using chalcopyrite as a catalyst or dissolution with chlorides were not economically efficient. Studies have been carried out on the use of copper bioleaching. Bioorganisms destroy various minerals of metals, ensures the transition of metals into the leaching solution. Thionic bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans were used. The strains of these iron-oxidizing bacteria occupy an exceptional position among thionic bacteria, since in addition to the ability to autotrophic growth due to the oxidation of sulfur compounds, they can use the energy of oxidation of ferrous iron. Studies have shown that the use of these bacteria can reduce the copper content in samples from 0.2% till 0.05%, in some cases down to 0.005%. Bioleaching carried out on various tailings samples showed the effectiveness of this method.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF BIOLEACHING OF COPPER FLOTATION TAILINGS","authors":"M. Sydykanov, Yerkin Bektay, Gaukhar Turysbekova, A. Baibatsha, Gurhan Yalcin","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.03","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of new deposits with a rich copper content and the depletion of old deposits, as well as the need to comply with environmental requirements, raises the issue of the need to process the tailings of metallurgical industries. In Kazakhstan was accumulated significant stocks of tailings \"Borgezsay\" and \"Staroye\". The tailings reserves are estimated at up to 1 billion tons. Sample evaluation showed that the average copper content in the tailings is 0.15-0.2%. More than 1 million tons of copper are stored in this tailings. The complexity of the structure of minerals passes through the process of leaching of these wastes. Several types of leaching in sulfuric acid were considered for processing. Methods using chalcopyrite as a catalyst or dissolution with chlorides were not economically efficient. Studies have been carried out on the use of copper bioleaching. Bioorganisms destroy various minerals of metals, ensures the transition of metals into the leaching solution. Thionic bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans were used. The strains of these iron-oxidizing bacteria occupy an exceptional position among thionic bacteria, since in addition to the ability to autotrophic growth due to the oxidation of sulfur compounds, they can use the energy of oxidation of ferrous iron. Studies have shown that the use of these bacteria can reduce the copper content in samples from 0.2% till 0.05%, in some cases down to 0.005%. Bioleaching carried out on various tailings samples showed the effectiveness of this method.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131359335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.01
Merve Ergun
Taxation can be used as a tool to promote sustainable waste management and recycling of industrial plastic, paper and glass; therefore, this article aims to assess the effectiveness of existing waste taxes by considering their effects on waste generation and disposal in Europe. In this context, a comparative study has been carried out to understand taxpayers- behaviours towards waste taxation, tax rates and methods preferred to calculate the amount of tax to be paid. Sustainable waste management is of particular importance for countries and requires effective investment and financing mechanisms. It can be argued that today-s tax systems are asked to contribute to sustainable development by eradicating poverty, reducing inequalities and using tax incentives to limit the amount of waste produced. This also means that tax systems, from time to time, may require to take more proactive Pigouvian roles. Collection of waste tax is mostly under the responsibility of local authorities, and these authorities may opt different methods, such as: Unit-Based Pricing (UBP) and pay-asyou-throw (PAYT) schemes, while calculating the amount of tax to be collected. Pigouvian taxes intend to discourage consumption of products that affect society and/or environment hazardously; therefore, it is argued that the waste taxes that are not inconformity with the Pigouvian approach should be updated because waste taxes should not only finance the service taken by the users(taxpayers), but also promote recycling and protect the environment and human health.
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE TAXATION OF WASTE DISPOSAL IN EUROPE","authors":"Merve Ergun","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.01","url":null,"abstract":"Taxation can be used as a tool to promote sustainable waste management and recycling of industrial plastic, paper and glass; therefore, this article aims to assess the effectiveness of existing waste taxes by considering their effects on waste generation and disposal in Europe. In this context, a comparative study has been carried out to understand taxpayers- behaviours towards waste taxation, tax rates and methods preferred to calculate the amount of tax to be paid. \u0000Sustainable waste management is of particular importance for countries and requires effective investment and financing mechanisms. It can be argued that today-s tax systems are asked to contribute to sustainable development by eradicating poverty, reducing inequalities and using tax incentives to limit the amount of waste produced. This also means that tax systems, from time to time, may require to take more proactive Pigouvian roles. \u0000Collection of waste tax is mostly under the responsibility of local authorities, and these authorities may opt different methods, such as: Unit-Based Pricing (UBP) and pay-asyou-throw (PAYT) schemes, while calculating the amount of tax to be collected. Pigouvian taxes intend to discourage consumption of products that affect society and/or environment hazardously; therefore, it is argued that the waste taxes that are not inconformity with the Pigouvian approach should be updated because waste taxes should not only finance the service taken by the users(taxpayers), but also promote recycling and protect the environment and human health.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115176667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.02
L. Klepo, Jelena Ostojić, Olga Borota, S. Zero, Dušan Čulum
Pyrophyllite was investigated in this study as a potential adsorbent for the removal of glyphosate, a common herbicide for the control of a wide variety of weeds. There are several publications in the literature that discuss how glyphosate interacts with clay minerals such as montmorillonite, kaolinite, and bentonite, but there is no information regarding the possibility of glyphosate removal from aqueous solution using pyrophyllite. In this study, the adsorption of glyphosate from water samples onto pyrophyllite, a mineral clay from the Parsovici, Konjic mine, was investigated. The ninhydrin reaction was used to spectrophotometrically quantify glyphosate. At 570 nm, the purple Ruhemman product's absorbance was determined. Adsorption capacity (qe), removal efficiency (R), and the partition coefficient are used to express the results (Kd). The outcomes demonstrated that distinct ionic species of glyphosate at different pHs cause the adsorption of glyphosate on pyrophyllite to be pH-dependent. The findings demonstrated that during different contact times, the basic medium can remove up to 75% of glyphosate. According to results from fitting isotherm models, the Freundlich model is slightly better fitted. According to the results of kinetic investigations, the pseudo-2nd order model is more suitable for this kind of adsorption.
{"title":"ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF GLYPHOSATE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION ONTO PYROPHYLLITE","authors":"L. Klepo, Jelena Ostojić, Olga Borota, S. Zero, Dušan Čulum","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.02","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrophyllite was investigated in this study as a potential adsorbent for the removal of glyphosate, a common herbicide for the control of a wide variety of weeds. There are several publications in the literature that discuss how glyphosate interacts with clay minerals such as montmorillonite, kaolinite, and bentonite, but there is no information regarding the possibility of glyphosate removal from aqueous solution using pyrophyllite. In this study, the adsorption of glyphosate from water samples onto pyrophyllite, a mineral clay from the Parsovici, Konjic mine, was investigated. The ninhydrin reaction was used to spectrophotometrically quantify glyphosate. At 570 nm, the purple Ruhemman product's absorbance was determined. Adsorption capacity (qe), removal efficiency (R), and the partition coefficient are used to express the results (Kd). The outcomes demonstrated that distinct ionic species of glyphosate at different pHs cause the adsorption of glyphosate on pyrophyllite to be pH-dependent. The findings demonstrated that during different contact times, the basic medium can remove up to 75% of glyphosate. According to results from fitting isotherm models, the Freundlich model is slightly better fitted. According to the results of kinetic investigations, the pseudo-2nd order model is more suitable for this kind of adsorption.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134150455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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