Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.32
A. Okros, C. Mihut, A. Duma-Copcea, C. Durău, C. Chis
This study presents a fertilization plan in Zadareni, Arad County, Romania, on an area of 113 ha cultivated with soybean and maize. The identified soils were mostly chernozem (108 ha) and eutricambosol (5 ha). Twenty-three soil samples were collected and, based on the soil analyses performed in the laboratory and on the specific consumption by the plants as kg/ha active substance, a series of calculations were made regarding the need for fertilizers for the two crops. A fertilisation plan was then elaborated taking into account the need for fertilizers on each plot, depending on area, soil type, soil properties, and crop. Results highlighted the fact that, on chernozem, there was a good content in humus, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and copper, with restrictions only in texture, clay-clayey, and the content in magnesium found in excess, which can raise problems in the development of plants, with the risk plant phytotoxicity. On eutricambosol, the content in humus, magnesium and copper was good, with restrictions only in texture, clay, and the content in manganese found in excess, along with a poor phosphorus supply, which requires the application of larger quantities of phosphorus fertilizers. In conclusion, the two types of soil identified have good features; however, on some plots, the soil has a poorly alkaline reaction, which requires the application of gypsum amendments, a poor supply with humus, which requires organic fertilization, and manganese in excess, hindering the development of plants.
{"title":"ELABORATION OF A FERTILIZATION PLAN: A CASE STUDY","authors":"A. Okros, C. Mihut, A. Duma-Copcea, C. Durău, C. Chis","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.32","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a fertilization plan in Zadareni, Arad County, Romania, on an area of 113 ha cultivated with soybean and maize. The identified soils were mostly chernozem (108 ha) and eutricambosol (5 ha). Twenty-three soil samples were collected and, based on the soil analyses performed in the laboratory and on the specific consumption by the plants as kg/ha active substance, a series of calculations were made regarding the need for fertilizers for the two crops. A fertilisation plan was then elaborated taking into account the need for fertilizers on each plot, depending on area, soil type, soil properties, and crop. Results highlighted the fact that, on chernozem, there was a good content in humus, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and copper, with restrictions only in texture, clay-clayey, and the content in magnesium found in excess, which can raise problems in the development of plants, with the risk plant phytotoxicity. On eutricambosol, the content in humus, magnesium and copper was good, with restrictions only in texture, clay, and the content in manganese found in excess, along with a poor phosphorus supply, which requires the application of larger quantities of phosphorus fertilizers. In conclusion, the two types of soil identified have good features; however, on some plots, the soil has a poorly alkaline reaction, which requires the application of gypsum amendments, a poor supply with humus, which requires organic fertilization, and manganese in excess, hindering the development of plants.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126658862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.46
H. Grecmanova, Elena Diechova, Jana Dzuriaková
Environmental education is one of the cross-cutting topics in the school system of the Slovak Republic. Cross-cutting topics have a globally and socially significant character, and schools must educate students about these topics either by implementing them into the content of compulsory subjects (e.g. language teaching, mathematics, history...), or by cross-cutting topics can also be taught as separate subjects. Environmental education focuses primarily on how to teach students a positive approach to the environment and its protection. Within individual activities, students learn not only how to protect the environment, but also how to motivate others to do so. Preventive activities can also eliminate negative attitudes of students and their negative behavior. One of the key thematic units of environmental education in schools is the prevention of air pollution and thus the prevention of pupils' risky behavior in this direction. Topics such as the ability to understand the importance of air as a necessary need for humanity and life on our planet are also emphasized within the environmental education curriculum; the importance of air for living organisms, air pollution by human activity (industry, transport, household), the negative impact of polluted air on the environment and human health. Protection of air from pollution. Every student can also participate in school projects related to environmental protection, such as earth day, and cleaning the classroom and school surroundings.
{"title":"POSSIBILITIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN ELIMINATING RISKY BEHAVIOR OF PUPILS IN CONNECTION WITH AIR POLLUTION","authors":"H. Grecmanova, Elena Diechova, Jana Dzuriaková","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.46","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental education is one of the cross-cutting topics in the school system of the Slovak Republic. Cross-cutting topics have a globally and socially significant character, and schools must educate students about these topics either by implementing them into the content of compulsory subjects (e.g. language teaching, mathematics, history...), or by cross-cutting topics can also be taught as separate subjects. Environmental education focuses primarily on how to teach students a positive approach to the environment and its protection. Within individual activities, students learn not only how to protect the environment, but also how to motivate others to do so. Preventive activities can also eliminate negative attitudes of students and their negative behavior. One of the key thematic units of environmental education in schools is the prevention of air pollution and thus the prevention of pupils' risky behavior in this direction. Topics such as the ability to understand the importance of air as a necessary need for humanity and life on our planet are also emphasized within the environmental education curriculum; the importance of air for living organisms, air pollution by human activity (industry, transport, household), the negative impact of polluted air on the environment and human health. Protection of air from pollution. Every student can also participate in school projects related to environmental protection, such as earth day, and cleaning the classroom and school surroundings.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127239561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.19
Mha Albqmi, Amani Belaiba, G. Hodaifa
The worldwide olive oil sector is a strategic sector for olive oil producing countries due to olive oil nutrition and health benefits. With what is being produced of olive oil, it continues to produce wastewater with a significant environmental impact due to the high organic load and the biochemical composition of this wastewater, particularly, the presence of microbial growth inhibiting compounds such as phenolic compounds, which makes its biological treatment difficult. On other way, red mud, the main leaching residue resulting from the alkaline treatment of bauxite (Bayer process), can be used as catalyst in chemical processing. Bayer red mud reveals high alkalinity, strong water absorption, and a large content of iron. The presence of metals in the composition of the red mud, such as iron dioxide (hematite), titanium dioxide, etc. allows its use as a catalyst in advanced oxidation processes. In this work, red mud has been revalued as a catalyst in the treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW) by Fenton reaction. All experiments were carried out at laboratory scale in reactor with capacity of 500 cm3. Experiments have been carried out at different concentrations of red mud 0.05, 0.10, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 5.0, 20, and 30 g/L. In parallel, three control experiments were carried out using only hydrogen peroxide or hydrochloric acid or red mud without pH adjustment (adsorption experiment). Experimental results have determined that the introduction of red mud as a catalyst in the like Fenton reaction (H2O2/red mud) with concentrations higher than 0.05 g/L has allowed the increase of the degradation percentages until reaching stable values at red mud concentrations higher than 5 g/L. The removal percentages at 0.5 g/L of red mud were COD = 47.1 %, total organic carbon (TOC) = 58.1 %, total carbon (TC) = 66.8 %, total nitrogen = 44.1 %, and total phenolic compounds (TPCs) = 63.5 % versus 57.2 % for COD, 74.4 % for TOC, 79.9 % for TC, 70.7 % for TN, and 66.0 % for TPCs in Fenton like reaction with 5 g/L of red mud. The common operating conditions were initial COD of OMW = 6171.9 mg O2/L, initial TOC of OMW = 3253.7 mg/L, pH = 3, magnetic agitation speed = 460 rpm, environment temperature, and the H2O2 at 10 % (w/v) added to the OMW according to the stoichiometry of the reaction. Given these results, it can be concluded that red mud can be a promising catalyst in oxidation systems based on the Fenton reaction allowing the incorporation of wastes into new green processes leading to the achievement of circular economy in industrial processes.
{"title":"VALORIZATION OF RED MUD AS A CATALYST IN THE TREATMENT OF OLIVE MILL WASTEWATER BY FENTON REACTION","authors":"Mha Albqmi, Amani Belaiba, G. Hodaifa","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.19","url":null,"abstract":"The worldwide olive oil sector is a strategic sector for olive oil producing countries due to olive oil nutrition and health benefits. With what is being produced of olive oil, it continues to produce wastewater with a significant environmental impact due to the high organic load and the biochemical composition of this wastewater, particularly, the presence of microbial growth inhibiting compounds such as phenolic compounds, which makes its biological treatment difficult. On other way, red mud, the main leaching residue resulting from the alkaline treatment of bauxite (Bayer process), can be used as catalyst in chemical processing. Bayer red mud reveals high alkalinity, strong water absorption, and a large content of iron. The presence of metals in the composition of the red mud, such as iron dioxide (hematite), titanium dioxide, etc. allows its use as a catalyst in advanced oxidation processes. In this work, red mud has been revalued as a catalyst in the treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW) by Fenton reaction. All experiments were carried out at laboratory scale in reactor with capacity of 500 cm3. Experiments have been carried out at different concentrations of red mud 0.05, 0.10, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 5.0, 20, and 30 g/L. In parallel, three control experiments were carried out using only hydrogen peroxide or hydrochloric acid or red mud without pH adjustment (adsorption experiment). Experimental results have determined that the introduction of red mud as a catalyst in the like Fenton reaction (H2O2/red mud) with concentrations higher than 0.05 g/L has allowed the increase of the degradation percentages until reaching stable values at red mud concentrations higher than 5 g/L. The removal percentages at 0.5 g/L of red mud were COD = 47.1 %, total organic carbon (TOC) = 58.1 %, total carbon (TC) = 66.8 %, total nitrogen = 44.1 %, and total phenolic compounds (TPCs) = 63.5 % versus 57.2 % for COD, 74.4 % for TOC, 79.9 % for TC, 70.7 % for TN, and 66.0 % for TPCs in Fenton like reaction with 5 g/L of red mud. The common operating conditions were initial COD of OMW = 6171.9 mg O2/L, initial TOC of OMW = 3253.7 mg/L, pH = 3, magnetic agitation speed = 460 rpm, environment temperature, and the H2O2 at 10 % (w/v) added to the OMW according to the stoichiometry of the reaction. Given these results, it can be concluded that red mud can be a promising catalyst in oxidation systems based on the Fenton reaction allowing the incorporation of wastes into new green processes leading to the achievement of circular economy in industrial processes.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131919166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.21
I. Cibilić, A. K. Divjak, V. Poslončec-Petrić
Open data is undoubtedly one of the most exciting innovations of the last decade. Data that can be (re)used freely and without restrictions is a key driver for achieving many environmental goals. Through the use of open crowdsourcing tools, noise monitoring is enabled by the active participation of citizens who measure noise and thus contribute to the creation of a dynamic noise map. This is consistent with the lifecycle of open data - the design of the process and practices for handling data from its creation, to the provision of open data, to its use by various parties. By participating in the crowdsourcing processes, users act as both consumers and providers of data; with enhanced capabilities of data users, such as commenting, rating, processing, or customizing to their specific needs; and then publishing new versions of the same or their own new datasets. In this way, better communication and collaboration between data users and data providers creates another root for a sustainable ecosystem by closing information and evaluation loops by supporting a broader range of use cases in services and applications on ecological issues.
{"title":"AN OPEN DATA CROWDSOURCING APPROACH FOR ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE POLLUTION MAPPING","authors":"I. Cibilić, A. K. Divjak, V. Poslončec-Petrić","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.21","url":null,"abstract":"Open data is undoubtedly one of the most exciting innovations of the last decade. Data that can be (re)used freely and without restrictions is a key driver for achieving many environmental goals. Through the use of open crowdsourcing tools, noise monitoring is enabled by the active participation of citizens who measure noise and thus contribute to the creation of a dynamic noise map. This is consistent with the lifecycle of open data - the design of the process and practices for handling data from its creation, to the provision of open data, to its use by various parties. By participating in the crowdsourcing processes, users act as both consumers and providers of data; with enhanced capabilities of data users, such as commenting, rating, processing, or customizing to their specific needs; and then publishing new versions of the same or their own new datasets. In this way, better communication and collaboration between data users and data providers creates another root for a sustainable ecosystem by closing information and evaluation loops by supporting a broader range of use cases in services and applications on ecological issues.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134237191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.63
D. Rusinaru, P. Mircea, G. Buzatu, L. Manescu, M. Alba
This paper addresses the impact of the increasing penetration of renewable solar photovoltaic (PV) in the power distribution grids. A collaborative project between the university and the local power distribution grid-s operator (PDO) led to this assessment, which addressed the operator-s specific concerns about how renewable energy-based generators might affect the power quality (PQ) in its grid system. There was evaluated the interaction between PV prosumers' installations and the hosting low voltage (LV) network, specifically the variations in voltage produced or amplified by prosumers, as well as the events experienced by these ones. For the purpose of the analysis, one-weekinterval PQ measurement have been processed at the outputs of real PV prosumers located in the LV network, as well as at the LV buses of the supplying substations. The behavior of different solar inverter technologies in the power grid is also examined. The bi-directional prosumer-grid influence is analyzed and the origin of PQ events are estimated. Measurements-based observations revealed a shared responsibility between PV generation conditions, solar inverter operation, and the hosting power grid. Lastly, general conclusions about measurement, analysis, and mitigation are provided.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF PROSUMER PHOTOVOLTAIC INSTALLATION IMPACT ON VOLTAGE VARIATIONS IN LOW-VOLTAGE NETWORKS","authors":"D. Rusinaru, P. Mircea, G. Buzatu, L. Manescu, M. Alba","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.63","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the impact of the increasing penetration of renewable solar photovoltaic (PV) in the power distribution grids. A collaborative project between the university and the local power distribution grid-s operator (PDO) led to this assessment, which addressed the operator-s specific concerns about how renewable energy-based generators might affect the power quality (PQ) in its grid system. There was evaluated the interaction between PV prosumers' installations and the hosting low voltage (LV) network, specifically the variations in voltage produced or amplified by prosumers, as well as the events experienced by these ones. For the purpose of the analysis, one-weekinterval PQ measurement have been processed at the outputs of real PV prosumers located in the LV network, as well as at the LV buses of the supplying substations. The behavior of different solar inverter technologies in the power grid is also examined. The bi-directional prosumer-grid influence is analyzed and the origin of PQ events are estimated. Measurements-based observations revealed a shared responsibility between PV generation conditions, solar inverter operation, and the hosting power grid. Lastly, general conclusions about measurement, analysis, and mitigation are provided.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129549358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.60
Zhane Ann M. Tizon, Louise Grace Avena, Jaira Neibel Bamba, M. Almendrala, R. C. Evidente
Organic waste has been discharged into the environment by various industries in a global society. Anaerobic digestion has proven its potential as a waste-to-energy (WTE) technology to produce biogas, which can also replace fossil fuels while accommodating these unwanted wastes. However, there are limitations to anaerobic digestion, such as poor biomethane yield due to limited supply and fluctuations in the composition of the substrates, and an inadequate C/N ratio in the feedstocks. This paper aims to discuss possible methods to overcome the constraints in the process, including co-digestion and immobilization of the substrates via a moving bed biofilm reactor. The parameters discussed in this literature were the following: (1) mode of operation; (2) temperature; (3) type of anaerobic digestion; (4) pre-treatment methods; (5) addition of nutrients; and (6) using plastic carriers. An in-depth study highlighting the role of industries in biogas production toward achieving circularity was also examined. Several studies have shown that co-digestion enhances biogas production more than mono-anaerobic digestion. Notably, using plastic carriers for immobilization can improve the metabolic process due to biofilm formation and serve as a niche for microbial culture. In addition, excessive nutrients can be highly toxic as they can inhibit bacterial activity in the methanogenic phase. This review also presented the techno-economic analysis of utilizing distillery wastewater and press mud from sugarcane industries to produce biogas. Therefore, the findings in this article allow the development of optimization designs for industrial scale based on circular economy to address various organic wastes.
{"title":"A REVIEW ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION BASED ON CIRCULAR ECONOMY VIA CO-DIGESTION AND IMMOBILIZED SUBSTRATES","authors":"Zhane Ann M. Tizon, Louise Grace Avena, Jaira Neibel Bamba, M. Almendrala, R. C. Evidente","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.60","url":null,"abstract":"Organic waste has been discharged into the environment by various industries in a global society. Anaerobic digestion has proven its potential as a waste-to-energy (WTE) technology to produce biogas, which can also replace fossil fuels while accommodating these unwanted wastes. However, there are limitations to anaerobic digestion, such as poor biomethane yield due to limited supply and fluctuations in the composition of the substrates, and an inadequate C/N ratio in the feedstocks. This paper aims to discuss possible methods to overcome the constraints in the process, including co-digestion and immobilization of the substrates via a moving bed biofilm reactor. The parameters discussed in this literature were the following: (1) mode of operation; (2) temperature; (3) type of anaerobic digestion; (4) pre-treatment methods; (5) addition of nutrients; and (6) using plastic carriers. An in-depth study highlighting the role of industries in biogas production toward achieving circularity was also examined. Several studies have shown that co-digestion enhances biogas production more than mono-anaerobic digestion. Notably, using plastic carriers for immobilization can improve the metabolic process due to biofilm formation and serve as a niche for microbial culture. In addition, excessive nutrients can be highly toxic as they can inhibit bacterial activity in the methanogenic phase. This review also presented the techno-economic analysis of utilizing distillery wastewater and press mud from sugarcane industries to produce biogas. Therefore, the findings in this article allow the development of optimization designs for industrial scale based on circular economy to address various organic wastes.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"250 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115197771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.29
J. Mazurkiewicz
The main purpose of the publication was to show the differences in revenues, costs and profits when using manure directly as a fertilizer (after storage) or as a substrate for a biogas plant equipped with a cogeneration unit, and then using the digestate for fertilization purposes. The comparison includes cost, revenue and profit streams throughout the year. It also takes into account the introduction of additional co-substrates in order to increase the yield of biogas (biomethane), and thus the profits from the future investment. Forecasts of the profitability of biogas investments were presented, taking into account the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, i.e. methane and nitrous oxide, which are several dozen or even almost 300 times more harmful to the atmosphere than carbon dioxide. The economic, energy and ecological accounts of manure management can serve as guidelines for pre-investment analysis when considering investments in biogas plants. In addition, the published data indicate that the energy management of cow manure is of great importance when estimating the carbon footprint of the entire dairy production. It should be expected that in the near future such solutions will become more and more popular almost all over the world. Input parameters of substrates, gaseous emissions and biogas (and biomethane) yields were obtained from own research (cow manure samples were taken from a working farm) and from literature sources, e.g. these were international and national IPCC (Intergovermetal Panel on Climate Change) protocols.
{"title":"ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF MANURE MANAGEMENT - CONCLUSIONS FROM THE MILKEY AND MELS PROJECTS","authors":"J. Mazurkiewicz","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.29","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of the publication was to show the differences in revenues, costs and profits when using manure directly as a fertilizer (after storage) or as a substrate for a biogas plant equipped with a cogeneration unit, and then using the digestate for fertilization purposes. The comparison includes cost, revenue and profit streams throughout the year. \u0000It also takes into account the introduction of additional co-substrates in order to increase the yield of biogas (biomethane), and thus the profits from the future investment. \u0000Forecasts of the profitability of biogas investments were presented, taking into account the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, i.e. methane and nitrous oxide, which are several dozen or even almost 300 times more harmful to the atmosphere than carbon dioxide. \u0000The economic, energy and ecological accounts of manure management can serve as guidelines for pre-investment analysis when considering investments in biogas plants. In addition, the published data indicate that the energy management of cow manure is of great importance when estimating the carbon footprint of the entire dairy production. It should be expected that in the near future such solutions will become more and more popular almost all over the world. Input parameters of substrates, gaseous emissions and biogas (and biomethane) yields were obtained from own research (cow manure samples were taken from a working farm) and from literature sources, e.g. these were international and national IPCC (Intergovermetal Panel on Climate Change) protocols.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127291255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.52
S. Niță, L. Niţǎ, A. Okros, L. Botoş, L. Bîrliba
The main hope for solving protein deficit is the cultivation of legumes, which is why the -Protein Advisory Group of the FAO- initiated a new green revolution, that of vegetables. The researches of the last decades have shown that, in the nodule of the roots of leguminous plants, nitrogen accumulates through the activity of the bacteria living in these nodules. The symbiosis is dependent on endogenous and exogenous factors that ensure the functioning and regulation of fixed nitrogen. The paper presents the results obtained based on different soybean varieties, the influence of bacterization and of the sowing period on soybean yield, protein content, and protein amount. The soybean varieties Felix, Rubin and Venera were studied. Germination of seeds before sowing increased yield by 10%. The climate conditions of the experimental years influenced yield and protein content. At the same time, it can be stated that they corresponded to the soybean requirements in all phases of vegetation.
{"title":"THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICALLY EFFICIENT NON-POLLUTING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SOYBEANS","authors":"S. Niță, L. Niţǎ, A. Okros, L. Botoş, L. Bîrliba","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.52","url":null,"abstract":"The main hope for solving protein deficit is the cultivation of legumes, which is why the -Protein Advisory Group of the FAO- initiated a new green revolution, that of vegetables. The researches of the last decades have shown that, in the nodule of the roots of leguminous plants, nitrogen accumulates through the activity of the bacteria living in these nodules. The symbiosis is dependent on endogenous and exogenous factors that ensure the functioning and regulation of fixed nitrogen. The paper presents the results obtained based on different soybean varieties, the influence of bacterization and of the sowing period on soybean yield, protein content, and protein amount. The soybean varieties Felix, Rubin and Venera were studied. Germination of seeds before sowing increased yield by 10%. The climate conditions of the experimental years influenced yield and protein content. At the same time, it can be stated that they corresponded to the soybean requirements in all phases of vegetation.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121693173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.69
Chiara Onorati
Modern way of life using means of producing energy through renewables and forming a part of energy communities and citizen energy communities represent innovative resources. National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), redefines an update of the objectives of both the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plane (INECP) and the long-term strategy for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, to reflect the changes that have occurred in the meantime in Europe. In detail, this article aims to ponder on the path taken by the Italian legislator, for energy communities and for selfconsumption. The transitional incentive rules (Article 42-bis of D.L. no 162/2019) issued primarily, will have to be revised with those outlined in Legislative Decree no 199/2021 to transpose the RED II Directive and in Legislative Decree no 210/2021 to transpose Directive 2019/944/EU. The method followed will be the preparation of a unique code. In this way, it will be possible to prepare suitable organizational and procedural models to start projects for the establishment of energy communities in a short time. The scope of this article looks into proposing new, useful, and necessary models to the simplify the authorizing mechanisms in order to construct and exercise the relative infrastructures. In the course of 2022, the first steps have already been taken, such as the Competition Law (L. no 118/2022), especially since the Italian Government will have to adopt by 27 August 2023, one or more legislative decrees to adapt to European law, Reorganize and simplify the regulation of renewable energy sources and reduce the regulatory burden on citizens and businesses.
利用可再生能源生产能源的现代生活方式，成为能源社区和公民能源社区的一部分，代表着创新资源。国家恢复和复原力计划(NRRP)重新定义了国家能源和气候综合规划(INECP)的目标和减少温室气体排放的长期战略的更新，以反映欧洲在此期间发生的变化。具体而言，本文旨在思考意大利立法者为能源社区和自我消费所采取的道路。主要发布的过渡性激励规则(第162/2019号法律法规第42 /之二)将必须根据第199/2021号法令和第210/2021号法令中概述的内容进行修订，以取代RED II指令和第2019/944/EU指令。接下来的方法将是编写一个独特的代码。这样，就有可能制订适当的组织和程序模式，以便在短时间内开始建立能源共同体的项目。本文的范围着眼于提出新的、有用的和必要的模型来简化授权机制，以便构建和运行相关的基础设施。在2022年期间，已经采取了第一步，例如竞争法(L. no 118/2022)，特别是因为意大利政府必须在2023年8月27日之前通过一项或多项立法法令，以适应欧洲法律，重组和简化对可再生能源的监管，并减轻公民和企业的监管负担。
{"title":"ITALIAN LEGISLATION IN FORCE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY COMMUNITIES AND CITIZENS","authors":"Chiara Onorati","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.69","url":null,"abstract":"Modern way of life using means of producing energy through renewables and forming a part of energy communities and citizen energy communities represent innovative resources. National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), redefines an update of the objectives of both the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plane (INECP) and the long-term strategy for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, to reflect the changes that have occurred in the meantime in Europe. In detail, this article aims to ponder on the path taken by the Italian legislator, for energy communities and for selfconsumption. The transitional incentive rules (Article 42-bis of D.L. no 162/2019) issued primarily, will have to be revised with those outlined in Legislative Decree no 199/2021 to transpose the RED II Directive and in Legislative Decree no 210/2021 to transpose Directive 2019/944/EU. The method followed will be the preparation of a unique code. In this way, it will be possible to prepare suitable organizational and procedural models to start projects for the establishment of energy communities in a short time. The scope of this article looks into proposing new, useful, and necessary models to the simplify the authorizing mechanisms in order to construct and exercise the relative infrastructures. In the course of 2022, the first steps have already been taken, such as the Competition Law (L. no 118/2022), especially since the Italian Government will have to adopt by 27 August 2023, one or more legislative decrees to adapt to European law, Reorganize and simplify the regulation of renewable energy sources and reduce the regulatory burden on citizens and businesses.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114252887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.73
I. Samfira, N. Horablaga, P. Iagăru, M. Stroia, C. Stroia
By product is broadly understood as a product obtained in a usually industrial or biological process in addition to the main product for which the process is carried out. The main challenge addressed to humanity as well as productive ecosystems, regardless of the form of terrestrial or aquatic substrate, is to cope with the rapid rate of growth of the planet's population. The demographic growth of the planet must be in balance with the maintenance of the environment and also with climatic shifts. By-products are often considered agricultural waste or residues, it contains valuable cellulosic nutrients that due to their organic origin can be successfully used in many other agricultural or industrial subfields. It can be appreciated that at the level of Romania, the agricultural sector has as a land heritage about 18 million hectares, of which 10 are arable, 5 million are permanent meadows and about 3 million hectares are forests, with very favorable geographical conditions for the growth of plants and animals. This report illustrates the fact that each inhabitant of Romania has an area of approximately 0.41 ha of arable land. This value is far above the average of several countries in the European Union and at the same time, it is double the EU average, which is at the level of 0.212 ha/inhabitant. The huge quantities of by-products, of vegetable residues from agriculture, can be estimated quantitatively at 15 million tons, and when converting this secondary production into money, the current value of 2.5 billion dollars is exceeded.
{"title":"ROMANIA AND THE POTENTIAL OF BY-PRODUCTS AS SOURCES OF ENERGY AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS","authors":"I. Samfira, N. Horablaga, P. Iagăru, M. Stroia, C. Stroia","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.73","url":null,"abstract":"By product is broadly understood as a product obtained in a usually industrial or biological process in addition to the main product for which the process is carried out. \u0000The main challenge addressed to humanity as well as productive ecosystems, regardless of the form of terrestrial or aquatic substrate, is to cope with the rapid rate of growth of the planet's population. The demographic growth of the planet must be in balance with the maintenance of the environment and also with climatic shifts. \u0000By-products are often considered agricultural waste or residues, it contains valuable cellulosic nutrients that due to their organic origin can be successfully used in many other agricultural or industrial subfields. \u0000It can be appreciated that at the level of Romania, the agricultural sector has as a land heritage about 18 million hectares, of which 10 are arable, 5 million are permanent meadows and about 3 million hectares are forests, with very favorable geographical conditions for the growth of plants and animals. This report illustrates the fact that each inhabitant of Romania has an area of approximately 0.41 ha of arable land. \u0000This value is far above the average of several countries in the European Union and at the same time, it is double the EU average, which is at the level of 0.212 ha/inhabitant. The huge quantities of by-products, of vegetable residues from agriculture, can be estimated quantitatively at 15 million tons, and when converting this secondary production into money, the current value of 2.5 billion dollars is exceeded.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132777536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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