Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.23
Kristaps Siltumens, I. Grīnfelde, Sindija Liepa, E.P. Puzule, J. Burlakovs
Solid municipal waste landfills are the third largest source of man-made methane emissions. Methane is one of the greenhouse gases contributing to global warming. The capture of methane emissions in the waste sector is addressed by collecting it and using it for energy production. Methane emissions from active or closed landfills can be reduced by methane oxidation, which is developed as a covering over these landfills. It is usually composed of a gas distribution layer that favours micro-organisms that consume methane. The aim of this study is to find the most appropriate composition of the biocover in which filling material waste is used. In laboratory conditions, an experiment was conducted that studied the effectiveness of the biocover developed in the laboratory. Three experimental columns were created at a height of 160 mm and 1500 mm. A active compost saturated with water at a thickness of 500 mm was used as a source of methane, a permeable layer of sand at a thickness of 300 mm was further formed and finally covered with biocover. The biocover was composed of 60% of fine fraction waste, 20% soil and 20% compost, of the total volume. The experiment was created on 6 June 2022 and the first measurements were made two weeks later with CRDS equipment Picarro G2508. Measurements were made weekly for 4 months. The results of the study show that methane is released more forcefully after the first two months of application of the biocover. This is related to compost in the biocover, which has started to decompose actively, that methane oxidising micro-organisms develop on average after two months.
{"title":"BIOCOVER COMPOSITION IMPACT ON LANDFILL METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCTION","authors":"Kristaps Siltumens, I. Grīnfelde, Sindija Liepa, E.P. Puzule, J. Burlakovs","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.23","url":null,"abstract":"Solid municipal waste landfills are the third largest source of man-made methane emissions. Methane is one of the greenhouse gases contributing to global warming. The capture of methane emissions in the waste sector is addressed by collecting it and using it for energy production. Methane emissions from active or closed landfills can be reduced by methane oxidation, which is developed as a covering over these landfills. It is usually composed of a gas distribution layer that favours micro-organisms that consume methane. The aim of this study is to find the most appropriate composition of the biocover in which filling material waste is used. In laboratory conditions, an experiment was conducted that studied the effectiveness of the biocover developed in the laboratory. Three experimental columns were created at a height of 160 mm and 1500 mm. A active compost saturated with water at a thickness of 500 mm was used as a source of methane, a permeable layer of sand at a thickness of 300 mm was further formed and finally covered with biocover. The biocover was composed of 60% of fine fraction waste, 20% soil and 20% compost, of the total volume. The experiment was created on 6 June 2022 and the first measurements were made two weeks later with CRDS equipment Picarro G2508. Measurements were made weekly for 4 months. The results of the study show that methane is released more forcefully after the first two months of application of the biocover. This is related to compost in the biocover, which has started to decompose actively, that methane oxidising micro-organisms develop on average after two months.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132464439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.37
N. Vladimir, Marija Koričan, Martina Voglar, Linda Zanki Duvnjak
Environmental friendliness, energy efficiency and sustainability are very important issues in all aspects of human lives. This is particularly true for shipping, including all its modes like long-distance, short-sea and inland shipping, where environmental regulations have become very strict in the last decade. On the one hand, fishing vessels are slightly out of these regulations, but on the other hand greening the fishing fleets is highly promoted by the European Union funding bodies as well as by the local authorities, while at the same time fishing vessels are rather aged with low energyefficient fossil fuel-based power systems. This paper illustrates aims, activities and current outcomes of a network of scientists and fishery cooperatives oriented to improve environmental friendliness of fishing vessels in the Adriatic Sea. In that process, an extensive fuel consumption measurement campaign involving 10 fishing vessels (9 purse seiners and 1 trawler) is being conducted and is offering an insight into emissions of these vessels and their relation to the operative profile and benefit for the society expressed in amounts and type of the caught fish.
{"title":"GREENING THE FISHERIES IN THE ADRIATIC SEA THROUGH THE COLLABORATIVE NETWORKS OF SCIENTISTS AND FISHERMEN","authors":"N. Vladimir, Marija Koričan, Martina Voglar, Linda Zanki Duvnjak","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.37","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental friendliness, energy efficiency and sustainability are very important issues in all aspects of human lives. This is particularly true for shipping, including all its modes like long-distance, short-sea and inland shipping, where environmental regulations have become very strict in the last decade. On the one hand, fishing vessels are slightly out of these regulations, but on the other hand greening the fishing fleets is highly promoted by the European Union funding bodies as well as by the local authorities, while at the same time fishing vessels are rather aged with low energyefficient fossil fuel-based power systems. This paper illustrates aims, activities and current outcomes of a network of scientists and fishery cooperatives oriented to improve environmental friendliness of fishing vessels in the Adriatic Sea. In that process, an extensive fuel consumption measurement campaign involving 10 fishing vessels (9 purse seiners and 1 trawler) is being conducted and is offering an insight into emissions of these vessels and their relation to the operative profile and benefit for the society expressed in amounts and type of the caught fish.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125345994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.79
G. White, Bruce V. Millett, K. Maier, C. Tatar
Wind energy has grown in popularity and concomitantly so has the installation of wind turbines. As both alternative and green sources of energy, many may assume that wind energy is replacing fossil fuels such petroleum and natural gas and leading us to a more sustainable future. While renewable energy is part of the sustainability equation, another common attribute of achieving sustainability is the localization of production and consumption. In many ways, this almost automatically occurs with wind turbines because electricity does not transport well over long distances. However, despite this characteristic of electricity, it does not mean that electricity cannot be exported, especially when political geographies are considered. Indeed, this research will examine the U.S. state of South Dakota to demonstrate that wind-generated electricity can be treated from an economic point of view as an export commodity despite any local benefits that it generates. By examining statistics for electricity generation, it will be seen that wind energy is doing much more than replacing local electricity generation by fossil fuels. Further examination will show that a significant amount of wind-generated electricity in South Dakota is exported outside the state.
{"title":"WIND ENERGY AS AN EXPORT COMMODITY: THE CASE OF SOUTH DAKOTA","authors":"G. White, Bruce V. Millett, K. Maier, C. Tatar","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.79","url":null,"abstract":"Wind energy has grown in popularity and concomitantly so has the installation of wind turbines. As both alternative and green sources of energy, many may assume that wind energy is replacing fossil fuels such petroleum and natural gas and leading us to a more sustainable future. While renewable energy is part of the sustainability equation, another common attribute of achieving sustainability is the localization of production and consumption. In many ways, this almost automatically occurs with wind turbines because electricity does not transport well over long distances. However, despite this characteristic of electricity, it does not mean that electricity cannot be exported, especially when political geographies are considered. Indeed, this research will examine the U.S. state of South Dakota to demonstrate that wind-generated electricity can be treated from an economic point of view as an export commodity despite any local benefits that it generates. By examining statistics for electricity generation, it will be seen that wind energy is doing much more than replacing local electricity generation by fossil fuels. Further examination will show that a significant amount of wind-generated electricity in South Dakota is exported outside the state.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121373426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.13
Gracia Kayombo, Michel Kalenga Wa Kalenga
The threat caused by the use of generic carbonaceous material for carbothermic reduction to globe has increased. Millions are being invested to protect the environment due to the global warming. A new generation of reductants is urgently sought to mitigate the threat. Biochars improvement for different usages is currently looked at. One of the ways to produce biochar is pyrolysis. The temperature and type of atmosphere in the furnace used play an important role on the quality of biochar produced. The current paper investigates the effect of temperature on the quality of biochar produced from raw palm nutshells through pyrolysis. The temperature was varied from 500-C to 900oC while the size of particles fed into the furnace ranged from 5mm to19mm. The quality of the raw palm nutshell and the biochar were assessed through characterization using proximate analysis and SEM-EDS to quantify the amount of fixed carbon and pores sizes corresponding to different sizes of the palm nutshell treated. The trends of fixed carbon and the change in temperature as well as the pores sizes were assessed in all the biochars produced and the correlation established. A tube furnace was used for the experiments with argon being blown to keep an inert atmosphere and avoid any destruction of carbon. A further correlation between the size of particles and fixed carbon was also assessed and a correlation established.
{"title":"PALM NUTSHELL BIOCHAR QUALITY CORRELATION WITH PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE","authors":"Gracia Kayombo, Michel Kalenga Wa Kalenga","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.13","url":null,"abstract":"The threat caused by the use of generic carbonaceous material for carbothermic reduction to globe has increased. Millions are being invested to protect the environment due to the global warming. A new generation of reductants is urgently sought to mitigate the threat. Biochars improvement for different usages is currently looked at. One of the ways to produce biochar is pyrolysis. The temperature and type of atmosphere in the furnace used play an important role on the quality of biochar produced. The current paper investigates the effect of temperature on the quality of biochar produced from raw palm nutshells through pyrolysis. The temperature was varied from 500-C to 900oC while the size of particles fed into the furnace ranged from 5mm to19mm. The quality of the raw palm nutshell and the biochar were assessed through characterization using proximate analysis and SEM-EDS to quantify the amount of fixed carbon and pores sizes corresponding to different sizes of the palm nutshell treated. The trends of fixed carbon and the change in temperature as well as the pores sizes were assessed in all the biochars produced and the correlation established. A tube furnace was used for the experiments with argon being blown to keep an inert atmosphere and avoid any destruction of carbon. A further correlation between the size of particles and fixed carbon was also assessed and a correlation established.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127682954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.31
Aivars Rubenis, A. Laizāns, A. Zvirbule
Because of the electric propulsion, electric scooters could be a potential way how to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in urban transportation sector; however, recent research has cast doubt on that. This article focuses on the effect the electric scooter use has on CO2 emissions by examining the electric scooter trip data obtained during 2021 scooter season in Riga city. As shared scooters routinely replace already existing modes of transportation, the article analyses the effect which this replacement has on net CO2 emissions in the city. We argue that not all replacement modes will bring actual decrease of CO2 emissions. The results indicate that most of the shared e-scooter trips in Riga fall into the 1-2 km distance category, where it replaces not just cars, but also public transportation, walking and cycling, and actually increases CO2 emissions. The article examines the factors contributing to the CO2 emissions and relative impact of each. The results demonstrate that the largest impact comes from the scooter and battery manufacturing, thus scooter lifetime has decisive impact on the overall net CO2 emissions. In addition, this research found fundamental differences between expected scooter lifetime data claimed by shared scooter operators (5 years) and the average reallife data (156 days). It results in shared e-scooters creating additional 239.9 tonnes CO2 in Riga, and minimum scooter lifetime should be at least 5 years, for shared scooters to become CO2 neutral. This study aims to contribute to transportation literature by demonstrating net CO2 emission calculation methodology as well as empirical evidence on e-scooter trips in North-Eastern Europe region and to help local authorities to make decisions on reaching environmental targets in transportation sector.
{"title":"EFFECT OF SHARED ELECTRIC SCOOTERS ON URBAN GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS: CASE OF RIGA","authors":"Aivars Rubenis, A. Laizāns, A. Zvirbule","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.31","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the electric propulsion, electric scooters could be a potential way how to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in urban transportation sector; however, recent research has cast doubt on that. This article focuses on the effect the electric scooter use has on CO2 emissions by examining the electric scooter trip data obtained during 2021 scooter season in Riga city. As shared scooters routinely replace already existing modes of transportation, the article analyses the effect which this replacement has on net CO2 emissions in the city. We argue that not all replacement modes will bring actual decrease of CO2 emissions. The results indicate that most of the shared e-scooter trips in Riga fall into the 1-2 km distance category, where it replaces not just cars, but also public transportation, walking and cycling, and actually increases CO2 emissions. The article examines the factors contributing to the CO2 emissions and relative impact of each. The results demonstrate that the largest impact comes from the scooter and battery manufacturing, thus scooter lifetime has decisive impact on the overall net CO2 emissions. In addition, this research found fundamental differences between expected scooter lifetime data claimed by shared scooter operators (5 years) and the average reallife data (156 days). It results in shared e-scooters creating additional 239.9 tonnes CO2 in Riga, and minimum scooter lifetime should be at least 5 years, for shared scooters to become CO2 neutral. This study aims to contribute to transportation literature by demonstrating net CO2 emission calculation methodology as well as empirical evidence on e-scooter trips in North-Eastern Europe region and to help local authorities to make decisions on reaching environmental targets in transportation sector.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114296550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.17
B. Dousova, M. Lhotka, Eva Bedrnová
Arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) are elements with similar chemistry and geochemistry, but their environmental risk differ depending on the origin and degree of the pollution. As and Sb are both very toxic, particularly their inorganic substances in the oxidation states of III and V, which also represent the most common As/Sb forms in the environment. In environmental systems, As mostly occurs as the tetrahedrally coordinated, pentavalent arsenate AsO43- (in oxidising environment), and the trivalent arsenite AsO33- (under weakly reducing to reducing conditions), while Sb is entirely found as the octahedrally coordinated, pentavalent antimonate Sb(OH)6-, over a wide redox potential range. Several low-grade materials (zeolite, biochar) and building waste (concrete slurry waste) in original and surface modified forms were tested as selective adsorbents of As and Sb oxyanions from contaminated waters. The adsorption stability of oxyanions was verified by the Langmuir adsorption model. In natural systems As oxyanions demonstrated the preferential affinity for iron (Fe) oxides/hydroxides, while Sb oxyanions were more selectively binded to organic matter (OM). The adsorption of tested oxyanions on Fe/Mn modified sorbents ran with a higher efficiency (?95%) compare to original materials, with a decreasing trend: As(V) ? Sb(V).
{"title":"USE OF LOW-GRADE AND RECYCLED MATEWRIALS AS SELECTIVE ARSENATE AND ANTIMONATE SORBENTS","authors":"B. Dousova, M. Lhotka, Eva Bedrnová","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.17","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) are elements with similar chemistry and geochemistry, but their environmental risk differ depending on the origin and degree of the pollution. As and Sb are both very toxic, particularly their inorganic substances in the oxidation states of III and V, which also represent the most common As/Sb forms in the environment. In environmental systems, As mostly occurs as the tetrahedrally coordinated, pentavalent arsenate AsO43- (in oxidising environment), and the trivalent arsenite AsO33- (under weakly reducing to reducing conditions), while Sb is entirely found as the octahedrally coordinated, pentavalent antimonate Sb(OH)6-, over a wide redox potential range. Several low-grade materials (zeolite, biochar) and building waste (concrete slurry waste) in original and surface modified forms were tested as selective adsorbents of As and Sb oxyanions from contaminated waters. The adsorption stability of oxyanions was verified by the Langmuir adsorption model. In natural systems As oxyanions demonstrated the preferential affinity for iron (Fe) oxides/hydroxides, while Sb oxyanions were more selectively binded to organic matter (OM). The adsorption of tested oxyanions on Fe/Mn modified sorbents ran with a higher efficiency (?95%) compare to original materials, with a decreasing trend: As(V) ? Sb(V).","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129813096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.05
Y. Chernysh, I. Ablieieva, V. Chubur, P. Skvortsova, H. Roubík
This article is focused on performing a SWOT analysis of agricultural waste management methods. This approach can be applied in the biogas technology strategic planning process in Ukraine, which can solve the issue of implementation of environmental guidelines for the development of biofuels and biofertilizers. The main factors that determine how digestate is used are its quality, local conditions, regulations, and documents. Fertilizing fields with digestate provides many advantages, for example: reduced demand for plant protection products, reduction of unpleasant odor, and destruction of possible pathogens. The strengths and weaknesses of the implementation of biogas plants in Ukraine have been identified, and opportunities and threats have been considered. In general, the introduction of biogas technology is a very promising solution for the agricultural sector. Taking into account that a biogas plant is considered a potentially hazardous object for workers, it is necessary to constantly monitor the parameters of reactor operation in order to ensure the technological and environmental safety of the engineering facilities. For Ukraine, there is a shortage of specialists to set up an effective operation of biogas equipment and bring it to the industrial scale. It is necessary to consult with medium and small farms interested in the feasibility study and implementation of biogas technologies.
{"title":"BIOPOTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE: PRODUCTION OF BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOFUELS","authors":"Y. Chernysh, I. Ablieieva, V. Chubur, P. Skvortsova, H. Roubík","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.05","url":null,"abstract":"This article is focused on performing a SWOT analysis of agricultural waste management methods. This approach can be applied in the biogas technology strategic planning process in Ukraine, which can solve the issue of implementation of environmental guidelines for the development of biofuels and biofertilizers. The main factors that determine how digestate is used are its quality, local conditions, regulations, and documents. Fertilizing fields with digestate provides many advantages, for example: reduced demand for plant protection products, reduction of unpleasant odor, and destruction of possible pathogens. The strengths and weaknesses of the implementation of biogas plants in Ukraine have been identified, and opportunities and threats have been considered. In general, the introduction of biogas technology is a very promising solution for the agricultural sector. Taking into account that a biogas plant is considered a potentially hazardous object for workers, it is necessary to constantly monitor the parameters of reactor operation in order to ensure the technological and environmental safety of the engineering facilities. For Ukraine, there is a shortage of specialists to set up an effective operation of biogas equipment and bring it to the industrial scale. It is necessary to consult with medium and small farms interested in the feasibility study and implementation of biogas technologies.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126690791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.16
Ioana Andreea Petrean, V. Micle
Nutrient-poor, sandy, sterile material from the post-mining sterile dumps such as those in the Maramures region (Romania) presents a challenge for plants. Sterile dumps are considered extreme environments for plants due to their unfavorable physicochemical properties. Phytoremediation has great potential to remove heavy metals from sterile dumps, and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) seems to be a possible candidate species for this purpose. The potential of Brassica juncea seeds to germinate in a medium contaminated with high concentrations of Cu, Pb and Cd was assessed using germination tests on Indian mustard seeds in the presence of various liquid mixtures made from fertilizer and sterile material collected from three different mining sterile dumps in Maramures county, Romania. The experiment results showed that adding fertilizers did not enhance the germination process of Brassica juncea seeds and that the optimal pH for Brassica juncea to sprout extremely well is 5.5. The results suggest that Brassica juncea could be used in efficient phytoremediation of the sterile dumps. This paper's objective consists of observing the germination of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in the presence of high concentrations of heavy metals from sterile mining dumps with the purpose of the phytoremediation of the studied polluted areas from Maramures county (Romania).
{"title":"STUDY REGARDING GERMINATION OF INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L.) FOR APPLICATION IN PHYTOREMEDIATION OF STERILE DUMPS POLLUTED WITH HEAVY METALS","authors":"Ioana Andreea Petrean, V. Micle","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.16","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrient-poor, sandy, sterile material from the post-mining sterile dumps such as those in the Maramures region (Romania) presents a challenge for plants. Sterile dumps are considered extreme environments for plants due to their unfavorable physicochemical properties. Phytoremediation has great potential to remove heavy metals from sterile dumps, and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) seems to be a possible candidate species for this purpose. The potential of Brassica juncea seeds to germinate in a medium contaminated with high concentrations of Cu, Pb and Cd was assessed using germination tests on Indian mustard seeds in the presence of various liquid mixtures made from fertilizer and sterile material collected from three different mining sterile dumps in Maramures county, Romania. The experiment results showed that adding fertilizers did not enhance the germination process of Brassica juncea seeds and that the optimal pH for Brassica juncea to sprout extremely well is 5.5. The results suggest that Brassica juncea could be used in efficient phytoremediation of the sterile dumps. This paper's objective consists of observing the germination of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in the presence of high concentrations of heavy metals from sterile mining dumps with the purpose of the phytoremediation of the studied polluted areas from Maramures county (Romania).","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127935793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.75
Jarmila Zimmermannová, Richard Šmilňák, Omar Ameir, Michaela Perunova
Decarbonising the EU-s energy system is crucial to reach the 2030 climate objectives and the EU-s long-term strategy of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Based on these Green Deal goals and the current energy situation in Europe, it is highly important to focus on biofuel energy sources. Our research deals with the behaviour of households in the Czech Republic and changes in their consumption habits in the last decades. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the development of the consumption of biofuels by households for heating purposes, in comparison with the consumption of fossil solid fuels (coal and coke) in the Czech Republic in the period 2010 - 2020. The second goal is to evaluate the influence of selected socioeconomic aspects/variables on the consumption of biofuels. Regarding biofuels, the analysis will focus on biomass for heating purposes, such as firewood, wood waste, pellets, and briquettes. Concerning socio-economic indicators, the analysis will be based on various data, such as GDP per capita, average wage, environmental taxation, environmental subsidies, etc. The authors will work with data published by the Czech Statistical Office, ministries, and other national authorities, as well as data from Eurostat. As a methodology, correlation and regression analysis will be used. The results will show the possible influence of selected socio-economic variables on the development of biofuel consumption by households. The recommendations will be formulated based on the obtained results.
{"title":"SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF BIOFUELS CONSUMPTION BY HOUSEHOLDS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC","authors":"Jarmila Zimmermannová, Richard Šmilňák, Omar Ameir, Michaela Perunova","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.75","url":null,"abstract":"Decarbonising the EU-s energy system is crucial to reach the 2030 climate objectives and the EU-s long-term strategy of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Based on these Green Deal goals and the current energy situation in Europe, it is highly important to focus on biofuel energy sources. Our research deals with the behaviour of households in the Czech Republic and changes in their consumption habits in the last decades. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the development of the consumption of biofuels by households for heating purposes, in comparison with the consumption of fossil solid fuels (coal and coke) in the Czech Republic in the period 2010 - 2020. The second goal is to evaluate the influence of selected socioeconomic aspects/variables on the consumption of biofuels. Regarding biofuels, the analysis will focus on biomass for heating purposes, such as firewood, wood waste, pellets, and briquettes. Concerning socio-economic indicators, the analysis will be based on various data, such as GDP per capita, average wage, environmental taxation, environmental subsidies, etc. The authors will work with data published by the Czech Statistical Office, ministries, and other national authorities, as well as data from Eurostat. As a methodology, correlation and regression analysis will be used. The results will show the possible influence of selected socio-economic variables on the development of biofuel consumption by households. The recommendations will be formulated based on the obtained results.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132400280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.42
The problem of carbon dioxide emission from the soil is relevant, since it affects the reduction of the soil organic carbon pool, thereby reducing its fertility and productivity. In addition, carbon dioxide emissions from the soil are a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect. The aim of this work was to evaluate the mineralizing activity of the microbial community of the soil of a new point of observation of carbon dioxide emissions, located in the previously little-studied territory of Russia, using such parameters as respiration activity, microbial biomass, and the number of copies of bacterial and fungal genes. The highest values of respiration activity and microbial biomass of the studied soil were 2.3*10-4 mgCO2*g-1*h-1 and 0.48 mg*kg-1 and were observed on 26.07.2022 and 15.06.2022, respectively. The maximum number of gene copies of bacteria and fungi in the soil was 6*106 (15.06.2022) and 3.78*104 (15.06.2022) gene copies*g-1, respectively. It was revealed that the respiration activity of the soil depended on the air temperature and soil moisture, while the microbial biomass depended mainly on the air temperature.
{"title":"MINERALIZING ACTIVITY OF THE SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY OF THE CARBON POLYGON -CARBON POVOLZHIYE-","authors":"","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.42","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of carbon dioxide emission from the soil is relevant, since it affects the reduction of the soil organic carbon pool, thereby reducing its fertility and productivity. In addition, carbon dioxide emissions from the soil are a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect. The aim of this work was to evaluate the mineralizing activity of the microbial community of the soil of a new point of observation of carbon dioxide emissions, located in the previously little-studied territory of Russia, using such parameters as respiration activity, microbial biomass, and the number of copies of bacterial and fungal genes. The highest values of respiration activity and microbial biomass of the studied soil were 2.3*10-4 mgCO2*g-1*h-1 and 0.48 mg*kg-1 and were observed on 26.07.2022 and 15.06.2022, respectively. The maximum number of gene copies of bacteria and fungi in the soil was 6*106 (15.06.2022) and 3.78*104 (15.06.2022) gene copies*g-1, respectively. It was revealed that the respiration activity of the soil depended on the air temperature and soil moisture, while the microbial biomass depended mainly on the air temperature.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114923616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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