Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.70
Matous Helegda, Iris Helegda, J. Skřínský, K. Kubricka, J. Pokorny
A small quantity of flammable gas mixed with dust can cause a large explosion with severe consequences. In this study, hybrid mixtures explosion tests were performed in a constant volume 0.02 m3 spherical vessel. Five pressure-time curves were recorded. The effects of initial temperature on burning velocity were investigated for Lycopodium Clavatum-methane-air hybrid mixtures. The most important results from evaluated experiments are the values of burning rates to understand better the fundamental flame methane-air process in hybrid mixtures. The burning velocity is known to be altered by turbulence. It depends on the coupling interaction between the explosion pressure, the rate of pressure rise, the volume of the vessel, and the ignition source. When discussing hybrid mixtures, the focus is on an admixture of flammable gas in concentrations below the lower explosive limit of the gas itself. If this limit for the gas is exceeded, one soon has a situation where the worst-case scenario for a primary explosion would be a pure gas explosion. In the present study, we highlight the first evaluation of laminar burning velocity determined with electrical point ignition at higher initial temperatures. The experiments have been performed in a 0.02 m3 constant volume vessel of spherical shape adopted for the hybrid mixture experiments. The laboratory-size vessels used in the presented study are geometrically similar, have different sizes, and with point ignition. The values of burning velocity varied when the temperature is higher than 25 -C, and the cube-root law was affected. The initial temperature rise does not affect the dependence between the maximum rate of pressure rise and the maximum explosion pressure in the Cube-root law formula.
{"title":"LAMINAR BURNING VELOCITY FOR HYBRID MIXTURES OF CORN STARCH DUST AND METHANE GAS AT HIGH INITIAL TEMPERATURE","authors":"Matous Helegda, Iris Helegda, J. Skřínský, K. Kubricka, J. Pokorny","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.70","url":null,"abstract":"A small quantity of flammable gas mixed with dust can cause a large explosion with severe consequences. In this study, hybrid mixtures explosion tests were performed in a constant volume 0.02 m3 spherical vessel. Five pressure-time curves were recorded. The effects of initial temperature on burning velocity were investigated for Lycopodium Clavatum-methane-air hybrid mixtures. The most important results from evaluated experiments are the values of burning rates to understand better the fundamental flame methane-air process in hybrid mixtures. The burning velocity is known to be altered by turbulence. It depends on the coupling interaction between the explosion pressure, the rate of pressure rise, the volume of the vessel, and the ignition source. When discussing hybrid mixtures, the focus is on an admixture of flammable gas in concentrations below the lower explosive limit of the gas itself. If this limit for the gas is exceeded, one soon has a situation where the worst-case scenario for a primary explosion would be a pure gas explosion. In the present study, we highlight the first evaluation of laminar burning velocity determined with electrical point ignition at higher initial temperatures. The experiments have been performed in a 0.02 m3 constant volume vessel of spherical shape adopted for the hybrid mixture experiments. The laboratory-size vessels used in the presented study are geometrically similar, have different sizes, and with point ignition. The values of burning velocity varied when the temperature is higher than 25 -C, and the cube-root law was affected. The initial temperature rise does not affect the dependence between the maximum rate of pressure rise and the maximum explosion pressure in the Cube-root law formula.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129808837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.28
C. Mihut, A. Duma-Copcea, A. Okros, C. Durău, A. Cozma
The research was carried out over 8 years and involves the performance of minimal works, by reducing the traffic with various agricultural machines and equipment, "Maschio" brand, namely: disc harrow, scarifier, roller and No Tillige seeder. I have carried out numerous researches and experiences in various agricultural holdings in Arad county, to the crop of wheat, corn and soybeans. The first tests were done on 129 ha, on soils with different textures, from fine to rough, but following the research, it was observed that good and very good results were obtained only on medium textured soils. In case of soils with rough and fine textures, the results were below expectations, the degree of emergence and development of the plants was low, which led to obtaining low yields. At present, the researches have extended over 376 ha, by practicing four conservative tillage systems: by direct sowing; with Paraplow and rotary harrow; with Cisel and rotary harrow and with complex Aggregate with rotary harrow. Within each system, we have presented a technical data sheet, which includes information related to the soil type, the worked area, the conditions of the land, the crops for which each system is recommended, the soil works, technological specifications, necessary recommendations, the advantages of using each system separately and a series of observations and recommendations that we make following the performance of these works in order to achieve the most beneficial and sustainable use of agricultural land and, of course, to conserve natural resources as much as possible in the context of the climate changes that Romania has been facing recently and which will most likely persist and intensify in the future.
{"title":"CONSERVATIVE TILLAGE SOIL SYSTEMS IN CONTEXT OF THE CLIMATE CHANGES","authors":"C. Mihut, A. Duma-Copcea, A. Okros, C. Durău, A. Cozma","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.28","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out over 8 years and involves the performance of minimal works, by reducing the traffic with various agricultural machines and equipment, \"Maschio\" brand, namely: disc harrow, scarifier, roller and No Tillige seeder. I have carried out numerous researches and experiences in various agricultural holdings in Arad county, to the crop of wheat, corn and soybeans. The first tests were done on 129 ha, on soils with different textures, from fine to rough, but following the research, it was observed that good and very good results were obtained only on medium textured soils. In case of soils with rough and fine textures, the results were below expectations, the degree of emergence and development of the plants was low, which led to obtaining low yields. At present, the researches have extended over 376 ha, by practicing four conservative tillage systems: by direct sowing; with Paraplow and rotary harrow; with Cisel and rotary harrow and with complex Aggregate with rotary harrow. Within each system, we have presented a technical data sheet, which includes information related to the soil type, the worked area, the conditions of the land, the crops for which each system is recommended, the soil works, technological specifications, necessary recommendations, the advantages of using each system separately and a series of observations and recommendations that we make following the performance of these works in order to achieve the most beneficial and sustainable use of agricultural land and, of course, to conserve natural resources as much as possible in the context of the climate changes that Romania has been facing recently and which will most likely persist and intensify in the future.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122789402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.74
George Marian Calin, S. Iana, Valentin Claudiu Constantin, Raluca Călin, Veronica Țăran-Baciu
Renewable energy plays a fundamental role for the Green Deal and for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. EU Directive on renewable energy revised confirms the community block objective of obtaining 38-40% of energy from renewable sources by 2030, doubling the share of solar, wind and other renewables in Europe's energy mix by the end of the decade. The European Commission recommended that Romania increase the share of energy from renewable sources used for the year 2030 to at least 34% in a future analysis. Romania has a high energy potential from renewable sources, which is not yet fully exploited and has a great advantage due to the diversity of available energy resources. Thus, through this study we aimed to analyze the potential of renewable energy in Romania, as well as the possible sources of financing at national and European level for projects that aim to invest in renewable energy sources. Romania has a high energy potential from renewable sources, which is not yet fully exploited and has a great advantage due to the diversity of available energy resources. Consequently, the targets regarding the increase of the share of renewable energy sources and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved thanks to the multiple sources of financing that exist and will exist for Romania.
{"title":"ROMANIAS FUNDING SOURCES FOR INCREASING THE SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND THE REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS","authors":"George Marian Calin, S. Iana, Valentin Claudiu Constantin, Raluca Călin, Veronica Țăran-Baciu","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.74","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy plays a fundamental role for the Green Deal and for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. EU Directive on renewable energy revised confirms the community block objective of obtaining 38-40% of energy from renewable sources by 2030, doubling the share of solar, wind and other renewables in Europe's energy mix by the end of the decade. The European Commission recommended that Romania increase the share of energy from renewable sources used for the year 2030 to at least 34% in a future analysis. Romania has a high energy potential from renewable sources, which is not yet fully exploited and has a great advantage due to the diversity of available energy resources. Thus, through this study we aimed to analyze the potential of renewable energy in Romania, as well as the possible sources of financing at national and European level for projects that aim to invest in renewable energy sources. Romania has a high energy potential from renewable sources, which is not yet fully exploited and has a great advantage due to the diversity of available energy resources. Consequently, the targets regarding the increase of the share of renewable energy sources and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved thanks to the multiple sources of financing that exist and will exist for Romania.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131454953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.30
Klaudia Kobolova, T. Sitek, J. Pospíšil, V. Adamec, Helena Berkova
Air pollution is one of the most serious and intensively studied environmental problems of our time. Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been shown to have adverse effects on human health, as well as the environment. The negative effects of pollutants can cause a wide range of health problems, from mild to serious illness to premature mortality. One of the sources of environmental pollution is biomass burning. During combustion, particles of different sizes and compositions are produced. Their formation depends on the characteristics of the fuel, the type of the combustion plant and the combustion conditions. Due to the complexity of the formation and growth of fine particles, there is a number of factors that influence the concentration, size and toxicity of fine particles. The aim of this work is to investigate the possible ecotoxic effects of PM released from biomass combustion in a log feed stove. Based on the results obtained from the acute toxicity test on Daphnia magna, a toxic effect on the aquatic environment (aquatic system) has been demonstrated in most cases. The resulting EC50 for a 24-hour exposure is 37 % and 16 % for a 48-hour exposure. The toxicity is caused mainly by PM-bounded polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
{"title":"ECOTOXICITY OF FINE AND ULTRAFINE PARTICLES RELEASED FROM BIOMASS COMBUSTION","authors":"Klaudia Kobolova, T. Sitek, J. Pospíšil, V. Adamec, Helena Berkova","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.30","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is one of the most serious and intensively studied environmental problems of our time. Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been shown to have adverse effects on human health, as well as the environment. The negative effects of pollutants can cause a wide range of health problems, from mild to serious illness to premature mortality. One of the sources of environmental pollution is biomass burning. During combustion, particles of different sizes and compositions are produced. Their formation depends on the characteristics of the fuel, the type of the combustion plant and the combustion conditions. Due to the complexity of the formation and growth of fine particles, there is a number of factors that influence the concentration, size and toxicity of fine particles. \u0000The aim of this work is to investigate the possible ecotoxic effects of PM released from biomass combustion in a log feed stove. Based on the results obtained from the acute toxicity test on Daphnia magna, a toxic effect on the aquatic environment (aquatic system) has been demonstrated in most cases. The resulting EC50 for a 24-hour exposure is 37 % and 16 % for a 48-hour exposure. The toxicity is caused mainly by PM-bounded polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123549850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.55
I. Skulte
The mass media are important actors in the conceptualization of the problems and possible solutions related to climate change. They have an opportunity to master the agenda and formulate it not only in all importance and complexity but also in the diversity of aspects to be included for proper understanding of the climate change concept by the public. In doing so they build on existing agendas by policymakers, scholars, and other actors, but also have their agency to be exercised in all responsibility and by specific knowledge. The overall task for media is to build a consistent and coherent narrative that will serve as a base for understanding current issues. However, analysis of Latvian media shows that a vast number of publications tend to speak about climate change in general terms, without being devoted to a particular domain of issues. The results on the dynamics of publication and reach of the audience of the content can be interpreted by discerning three general groups of climate change-related issues. The first group of related issues is mentioned more in connection with political agenda (e.g. COP26). The second group of issues (emissions, green energy, carbon neutrality/decarbonization) are proposed by industries and businesses dealing with them but are rather little known to the general public. Opposite, the third group includes keywords like environmental protection, protection of nature, and natural diversity that are familiar to most people; they have a stable place but are not very popular in the content of media.
{"title":"THE NARRATIVE OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN LATVIAN MEDIA CONTENT","authors":"I. Skulte","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.55","url":null,"abstract":"The mass media are important actors in the conceptualization of the problems and possible solutions related to climate change. They have an opportunity to master the agenda and formulate it not only in all importance and complexity but also in the diversity of aspects to be included for proper understanding of the climate change concept by the public. In doing so they build on existing agendas by policymakers, scholars, and other actors, but also have their agency to be exercised in all responsibility and by specific knowledge. The overall task for media is to build a consistent and coherent narrative that will serve as a base for understanding current issues. However, analysis of Latvian media shows that a vast number of publications tend to speak about climate change in general terms, without being devoted to a particular domain of issues. The results on the dynamics of publication and reach of the audience of the content can be interpreted by discerning three general groups of climate change-related issues. The first group of related issues is mentioned more in connection with political agenda (e.g. COP26). The second group of issues (emissions, green energy, carbon neutrality/decarbonization) are proposed by industries and businesses dealing with them but are rather little known to the general public. Opposite, the third group includes keywords like environmental protection, protection of nature, and natural diversity that are familiar to most people; they have a stable place but are not very popular in the content of media.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125023617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.35
J. Pulka, J. Dach
Diary production is steadily increasing worldwide, as evidenced by a 1.6% increase in milk production. Cattle headcount in Europe amounts to 75.6 mln, with Poland heaving more than 10% of the EU population. Such a significant production is yielding massive waste and animal by products, mainly cow manure. Storage and utilization of these byproducts may result in unwanted emissions of greenhouse gasses such as methane, carbon dioxide, and other potentially dangerous compounds like ammonia. Proper manure management and utilization of animal by-products and carcasses could successfully mitigate GHG emissions. One of the main means of utilization that could be implemented in Poland is the fermentation process and biogas production. Such an approach is beneficial not only due to energy production but also because of fertilizer production in form of digestate. To allow and maximize this process deep investigation is necessary, because of the different properties of a vast type of products, for example, the biogas yield of by-products ranges from 20 to more than 500 m3 of biogas per Mg. Because of that, the fermentation process of the above-mentioned materials must be properly conducted. Mainly substrate mix and process prosperities must be carefully assessed. In this paper, the steps necessary to implement mentioned solution will be presented as well as projected outcomes.
{"title":"FERMENTATION AS A ONE OF THE POSSIBILIETES OF GHG AND AMMONIA MITIGATION FROM DAIRY FARMING","authors":"J. Pulka, J. Dach","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.35","url":null,"abstract":"Diary production is steadily increasing worldwide, as evidenced by a 1.6% increase in milk production. Cattle headcount in Europe amounts to 75.6 mln, with Poland heaving more than 10% of the EU population. Such a significant production is yielding massive waste and animal by products, mainly cow manure. Storage and utilization of these byproducts may result in unwanted emissions of greenhouse gasses such as methane, carbon dioxide, and other potentially dangerous compounds like ammonia. Proper manure management and utilization of animal by-products and carcasses could successfully mitigate GHG emissions. One of the main means of utilization that could be implemented in Poland is the fermentation process and biogas production. Such an approach is beneficial not only due to energy production but also because of fertilizer production in form of digestate. To allow and maximize this process deep investigation is necessary, because of the different properties of a vast type of products, for example, the biogas yield of by-products ranges from 20 to more than 500 m3 of biogas per Mg. Because of that, the fermentation process of the above-mentioned materials must be properly conducted. Mainly substrate mix and process prosperities must be carefully assessed. In this paper, the steps necessary to implement mentioned solution will be presented as well as projected outcomes.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127652564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.12
Gracia Kayombo, Michel Kalenga Wa Kalenga
The global warming and climate change caused by the anthropogenic activities is expected to increase. To address these issues, one key solution is the utilization of renewable materials such as biomass. Biochar, made from biomass materials is seen as a potential option to replace the fossil fuel-based reductants. Pyrolysis is the most common way of producing biochar. However, the physicochemical properties of biochar are significantly influenced by virgin biomass characteristics and the pyrolysis condition such as the temperature, heating rate, residence time. This paper investigates the impact of pyrolysis residence time on the biochar quality produced from raw palm nutshells. In this study, all the experiments were performed at 800 -C, while the time from 30, 40, 45, 50 and 60 mins and the particle size of the raw material varied from 5, 8, 12, 15 to 19mm. A correlation between the fixed carbon content and pore size was established. The different biochar produced were further characterized using proximate analysis and SEM-EDS to evaluate the fixed carbon content and study the changes in the biochar microstructure and pore size of each biochar produced.
{"title":"PALM NUTSHELL BIOCHAR QUALITY CORRELATION WITH PYROLYSIS RESIDENCE TIME","authors":"Gracia Kayombo, Michel Kalenga Wa Kalenga","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s18.12","url":null,"abstract":"The global warming and climate change caused by the anthropogenic activities is expected to increase. To address these issues, one key solution is the utilization of renewable materials such as biomass. Biochar, made from biomass materials is seen as a potential option to replace the fossil fuel-based reductants. Pyrolysis is the most common way of producing biochar. However, the physicochemical properties of biochar are significantly influenced by virgin biomass characteristics and the pyrolysis condition such as the temperature, heating rate, residence time. This paper investigates the impact of pyrolysis residence time on the biochar quality produced from raw palm nutshells. In this study, all the experiments were performed at 800 -C, while the time from 30, 40, 45, 50 and 60 mins and the particle size of the raw material varied from 5, 8, 12, 15 to 19mm. A correlation between the fixed carbon content and pore size was established. The different biochar produced were further characterized using proximate analysis and SEM-EDS to evaluate the fixed carbon content and study the changes in the biochar microstructure and pore size of each biochar produced.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128584850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.38
Ieva Līcīte, D. Popluga
Organic soils can be a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in countries with high peat soil coverage, and emissions are observed in both sectors of agriculture and land use, land use change and forestry. This phenomenon is well-known and persistent in the Nordic part of Europe, but proper soil management practices are not often exhaustively understood and present. This study aims to assess the current situation by identifying the climate change mitigation (CCM) targeted management practices on organic soils managed for agriculture in the Baltic region. We did an expert questionnaire and screened the climate change and agriculture-related policy documents by identifying implemented or politically supported practices in the researched countries and looking for GHG mitigation practices with the most significant future potential. The assessment revealed a general lack of proper policy planning around organic soil management, a lack of direct measures and quantitative GHG mitigation estimates allowing adequate monitoring and reporting of the GHG effects into national GHG inventory reports; however, the situation differs among countries. Guidance on potential GHG mitigation through organic soil management suggests six management practices with the potentially most significant potential in the temperate cool and moist climate zone - conversion of cropland used for cereal production into grassland considering periodic ploughing, controlled drainage of grassland considering even groundwater level during the whole vegetation period, the introduction of legumes in conventional farm crop rotation, agroforestry of fast-growing trees and grass, conventional afforestation and paludiculture by afforestation of grassland with black alder and birch.
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TARGETED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR ORGANIC SOIL MANAGEMENT IN THE BALTIC REGION","authors":"Ieva Līcīte, D. Popluga","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.38","url":null,"abstract":"Organic soils can be a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in countries with high peat soil coverage, and emissions are observed in both sectors of agriculture and land use, land use change and forestry. This phenomenon is well-known and persistent in the Nordic part of Europe, but proper soil management practices are not often exhaustively understood and present. This study aims to assess the current situation by identifying the climate change mitigation (CCM) targeted management practices on organic soils managed for agriculture in the Baltic region. We did an expert questionnaire and screened the climate change and agriculture-related policy documents by identifying implemented or politically supported practices in the researched countries and looking for GHG mitigation practices with the most significant future potential. The assessment revealed a general lack of proper policy planning around organic soil management, a lack of direct measures and quantitative GHG mitigation estimates allowing adequate monitoring and reporting of the GHG effects into national GHG inventory reports; however, the situation differs among countries. Guidance on potential GHG mitigation through organic soil management suggests six management practices with the potentially most significant potential in the temperate cool and moist climate zone - conversion of cropland used for cereal production into grassland considering periodic ploughing, controlled drainage of grassland considering even groundwater level during the whole vegetation period, the introduction of legumes in conventional farm crop rotation, agroforestry of fast-growing trees and grass, conventional afforestation and paludiculture by afforestation of grassland with black alder and birch.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124599135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.43
O. Vizitiu, I. Calciu
The effect of management practices lead to significant variations of the net C balance of agricultural soils, and in this paper is estimated the impact of long-term cultivation on the soil organic carbon stocks. This paper also evaluates the potential of carbon sequestration of mineral soils through management practices in temperate agricultural systems, under dry climate regime. For fulfilling of the objective of this study, the -stock-difference method- was used for estimating the soil organic carbon stocks between two points in time, t1 (2000) and t2 (2021). The results obtained showed that the evolution of SOC stocks during the 21 years period between 2000 and 2021 recorded significant increases in most of the investigated soils, with one exception where a decrease in SOC stock by aprox. 11 % was recorded. The highest increase in SOC stock was recorded in case of a Cambic Chernozem soil, where the SOC stock value from 2021 is 63% higher as compared with the SOC value from 2000. Also, this soil recorded the highest rate for annual change in carbon stock (1.4762 tC/ha), followed by Eutric Cambisol (1.4286 tC/ha), Chernozem (1.3810 tC/ha) and Fluvisol (1.0476 tC/ha). The presented results showed that the Cambic Chernozem has the highest potential for CO2 removal from the atmosphere with an annual rate of 5.41 tCO2/ha. Also, high potentials for CO2 sequestration with accumulation rates of 5.24 tCO2/ha and respectively 5.06 tCO2/ha have the Eutric Cambisol and Chernozem soils.
{"title":"MITIGATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN SOME CULTIVATED MINERAL SOILS FROM ROMANIA","authors":"O. Vizitiu, I. Calciu","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.43","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of management practices lead to significant variations of the net C balance of agricultural soils, and in this paper is estimated the impact of long-term cultivation on the soil organic carbon stocks. This paper also evaluates the potential of carbon sequestration of mineral soils through management practices in temperate agricultural systems, under dry climate regime. For fulfilling of the objective of this study, the -stock-difference method- was used for estimating the soil organic carbon stocks between two points in time, t1 (2000) and t2 (2021). The results obtained showed that the evolution of SOC stocks during the 21 years period between 2000 and 2021 recorded significant increases in most of the investigated soils, with one exception where a decrease in SOC stock by aprox. 11 % was recorded. The highest increase in SOC stock was recorded in case of a Cambic Chernozem soil, where the SOC stock value from 2021 is 63% higher as compared with the SOC value from 2000. Also, this soil recorded the highest rate for annual change in carbon stock (1.4762 tC/ha), followed by Eutric Cambisol (1.4286 tC/ha), Chernozem (1.3810 tC/ha) and Fluvisol (1.0476 tC/ha). The presented results showed that the Cambic Chernozem has the highest potential for CO2 removal from the atmosphere with an annual rate of 5.41 tCO2/ha. Also, high potentials for CO2 sequestration with accumulation rates of 5.24 tCO2/ha and respectively 5.06 tCO2/ha have the Eutric Cambisol and Chernozem soils.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121269914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.41
Anita Csiba
Climate change and environmental degradation are a huge threat to Europe and the world. The European Union must be ensured the net zero emissions of greenhouse gases in order to become climate neutral by 2050. However, achieving this goal according to the European Climate Law, the greenhouse gasses emission reduction, have to be at least 55% compared the emission level of 1990 by 2030. On top of all that the 2016/2284 numbered directive of the European Union about the reduction of emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants (NEC) requires to the governments of the member states to reduce by 32% the level of atmospheric ammonia emissions compared to the 2005 level to 2030. Nowadays this research topic is very timely in the field of agriculture especially in the field of the livestock sector, because currently there are the highest ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions in this sector. It would be effective solutions for this problem widespread using of precision digitalization technologies and the application of the circular farming in the field of livestock farming for example in the cattle slurry processing all of this would be significantly contribute to achievement of the goals of Green Deal.
{"title":"INTRODUCTION AND EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTIVE PROCESSING METHODS FOR THE AMMONIA- AND GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSION REDUCTION OF CATTLE SLURRY","authors":"Anita Csiba","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.41","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and environmental degradation are a huge threat to Europe and the world. The European Union must be ensured the net zero emissions of greenhouse gases in order to become climate neutral by 2050. However, achieving this goal according to the European Climate Law, the greenhouse gasses emission reduction, have to be at least 55% compared the emission level of 1990 by 2030. On top of all that the 2016/2284 numbered directive of the European Union about the reduction of emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants (NEC) requires to the governments of the member states to reduce by 32% the level of atmospheric ammonia emissions compared to the 2005 level to 2030. Nowadays this research topic is very timely in the field of agriculture especially in the field of the livestock sector, because currently there are the highest ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions in this sector. It would be effective solutions for this problem widespread using of precision digitalization technologies and the application of the circular farming in the field of livestock farming for example in the cattle slurry processing all of this would be significantly contribute to achievement of the goals of Green Deal.","PeriodicalId":234250,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Energy and Clean Technologies, VOL 22, ISSUE 4.2","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121771777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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