Dermatophytes are one of the major aetiologic agents of cutaneous mycoses Senna occidentalis is among the plants used in traditional herbal medicine in treating fungal skin infections and it is shown from literature to contain phytochemicals which are attributed to its antidermatophytic activity. This work is aimed at determining the Phytoconstituents and antidermatophytic activity of leaves and seeds crude extracts of the Senna occidentalis plant . The study is a qualitative study that determines the phytoconstituents and antidermatophytic activity of the plant extracts on some clinical dermatophyte isolates. The plant parts were sampled and were used to obtain aqueous and n-hexane extracts using distilled water and n-hexane as extracting solvents respectively. Phytochemical analysis was done on the extracts to determine the presence of secondary metabolites. The antidermatophytic activity of the extracts on clinical dermatophytes isolates was determined using poisoned food technique. Aqueous extraction gave higher percentage extraction yield than n-hexane extract . All extracts contain secondary metabolites and the extracts showed varying degree of percentage growth inhibition on the isolates. Phytochemical screening of the leaves and seeds extracts of Senna occidentalis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and other phytoconstituents. The Senna occidentalis leaves and seeds extracts showed growth inhibition percentage (I) ranging between 9% to 39.8% for n-hexane leaf extract,1.3% to 52.6% for aqueous leaf extract,2.6% to 57.2% for n-hexane seed extract and 12.8% to 61.1% for aqueous seed extract. Senna occidentalis leaves and seeds extract have shown varying potential in inhibiting dermatophyte growth with no extract having 100% inhibition percentage on all the tested dermatophytes.
{"title":"Phytoconstituents and antidermatophytic activity of crude extracts of Senna occidentalis","authors":"Husseini, H. A., Olonitola, O.S., Aliyu, M. S.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.019","url":null,"abstract":"Dermatophytes are one of the major aetiologic agents of cutaneous mycoses Senna occidentalis is among the plants used in traditional herbal medicine in treating fungal skin infections and it is shown from literature to contain phytochemicals which are attributed to its antidermatophytic activity. This work is aimed at determining the Phytoconstituents and antidermatophytic activity of leaves and seeds crude extracts of the Senna occidentalis plant . The study is a qualitative study that determines the phytoconstituents and antidermatophytic activity of the plant extracts on some clinical dermatophyte isolates. The plant parts were sampled and were used to obtain aqueous and n-hexane extracts using distilled water and n-hexane as extracting solvents respectively. Phytochemical analysis was done on the extracts to determine the presence of secondary metabolites. The antidermatophytic activity of the extracts on clinical dermatophytes isolates was determined using poisoned food technique. Aqueous extraction gave higher percentage extraction yield than n-hexane extract . All extracts contain secondary metabolites and the extracts showed varying degree of percentage growth inhibition on the isolates. Phytochemical screening of the leaves and seeds extracts of Senna occidentalis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and other phytoconstituents. The Senna occidentalis leaves and seeds extracts showed growth inhibition percentage (I) ranging between 9% to 39.8% for n-hexane leaf extract,1.3% to 52.6% for aqueous leaf extract,2.6% to 57.2% for n-hexane seed extract and 12.8% to 61.1% for aqueous seed extract. Senna occidentalis leaves and seeds extract have shown varying potential in inhibiting dermatophyte growth with no extract having 100% inhibition percentage on all the tested dermatophytes. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91339475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plankton composition and physicochemical properties of Ajiwa water reservoir were assessed over a twelve (12) month period. The physicochemical and biological parameters were determined using conventional methods and procedures at three sampling points. The outcome was revealed. The phytoplankton composition was Chlorophyta (57.66%), Bacillariophyta (25.70%), Cyanophyta (14.73%), and Dinophyta (1.91%), with Rotifera (30.55%), Copepoda (29.33%), Protozoa (22.27%), and Cladocera (17.85%) being the least. The temperature fluctuated with a mean SE value of (23.08 0.8OC); the pH fluctuated with a mean SE value of 6.8 0.1; and the turbidity fluctuated with a mean SE value of 99.3 3.6NTU. DO readings range from 3.8mgL-1 to 7.9mgL-1, with a mean SE of 6.6 0.3mgL-1. BOD showed monthly fluctuation, with a mean SE value of 3.2 0.4mgL-1. The electrical conductivity ranged from 102.4 µS/cmto 105.1S/cm, with a mean SE of 129.9 4.1µS/cm. The higher chlorophyta and rotifer composition in the reservoir indicated that the water quality is good, but increased human activities such as runoffs of inorganic fertilisers and pesticides may influence change in water quality over time. The reservoir water is suitable for irrigational and domestic purposes in terms of most of the physicochemical and biological parameters analysed. As a result, an effective anthropogenic inputs control strategy in the reservoir is required.
{"title":"Assessment of Physico-Chemical Properties and Plankton Composition of Ajiwa Reservior in Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"None Ibrahim A, None Thliza I. A.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.011","url":null,"abstract":"Plankton composition and physicochemical properties of Ajiwa water reservoir were assessed over a twelve (12) month period. The physicochemical and biological parameters were determined using conventional methods and procedures at three sampling points. The outcome was revealed. The phytoplankton composition was Chlorophyta (57.66%), Bacillariophyta (25.70%), Cyanophyta (14.73%), and Dinophyta (1.91%), with Rotifera (30.55%), Copepoda (29.33%), Protozoa (22.27%), and Cladocera (17.85%) being the least. The temperature fluctuated with a mean SE value of (23.08 0.8OC); the pH fluctuated with a mean SE value of 6.8 0.1; and the turbidity fluctuated with a mean SE value of 99.3 3.6NTU. DO readings range from 3.8mgL-1 to 7.9mgL-1, with a mean SE of 6.6 0.3mgL-1. BOD showed monthly fluctuation, with a mean SE value of 3.2 0.4mgL-1. The electrical conductivity ranged from 102.4 µS/cmto 105.1S/cm, with a mean SE of 129.9 4.1µS/cm. The higher chlorophyta and rotifer composition in the reservoir indicated that the water quality is good, but increased human activities such as runoffs of inorganic fertilisers and pesticides may influence change in water quality over time. The reservoir water is suitable for irrigational and domestic purposes in terms of most of the physicochemical and biological parameters analysed. As a result, an effective anthropogenic inputs control strategy in the reservoir is required.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136301254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Idris, N. T. Dabo, A. M. Magashi, Z. Ladan, Sakina Sani Buhari, A. Ibrahim
One of the most frequent causes of aseptic meningitis in infants, which is frequently lethal and has a high morbidity and mortality rate, is echovirus 30 (E30). This study reports the first case of neonatal meningitis caused by E30 at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH). The newborn was identified as having no fever, odd body movements, and respiratory distress. E30 was found in the neonate's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using reverse transcription real-time PCR. Phototherapy, antibiotics, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were used to treat the newborn. The study stresses how aseptic meningitis symptoms and indications are non-specific, therefore doctors must be aware of babies' clinical state when treating bacterial infections in neonates.
{"title":"Case Report of Neonatal Echoviral Meningitis caused by Echovirus 30 at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano, Nigeria","authors":"S. Idris, N. T. Dabo, A. M. Magashi, Z. Ladan, Sakina Sani Buhari, A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.015","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most frequent causes of aseptic meningitis in infants, which is frequently lethal and has a high morbidity and mortality rate, is echovirus 30 (E30). This study reports the first case of neonatal meningitis caused by E30 at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH). The newborn was identified as having no fever, odd body movements, and respiratory distress. E30 was found in the neonate's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using reverse transcription real-time PCR. Phototherapy, antibiotics, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were used to treat the newborn. The study stresses how aseptic meningitis symptoms and indications are non-specific, therefore doctors must be aware of babies' clinical state when treating bacterial infections in neonates. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74475414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Job, O.S., Bala, J.D., Abdulraham, A.A., Friday, N.N., Ibekie, S.A., Tsebam, C.J, Abudullahi, D.
Microbial Source Tracking is a scientific approach that primarily aims to identify the sources of faecal contamination in water bodies. Microbial Source Tracking (MST) is a set of techniques employed to identify the origins of faecal contamination in water. The capacity to track faecal bacteria to their source is a crucial aspect of both public health and water quality management. The utilisation of information obtained from the method of MST would provide water quality managers with an enhanced comprehension of the origins of contamination, thus facilitating the implementation of remedial measures to impede transmission. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the gut-associated bacteria of the order Bacteroidales, specifically the Bacteroides genus, has a tendency to undergo co-evolution with the host, making it a highly viable option for MST applications. However, it is noteworthy that MST is also facilitating the scientific community with effective techniques for tracing faecal bacteria and pathogens in water sources. The methodologies utilised in MST are frequently categorised as either Library-Dependent Methods (LDMs) or Library-Independent Methods (LIMs). Microbial source tracking has been employed for diverse objectives, such as ensuring adherence to regulations, remediating pollution, and evaluating risk. The implementation of MST is expected to mitigate the prevalence of waterborne illnesses resulting from contamination. The implementation of MST has facilitated the ability to anticipate the probable origins of faecal contamination and the associated health hazards linked to compromised water systems. In addition to conventional faecal indicators, these methodologies are suggested as means to furnish supplementary insights into the origins of pollution, as well as the ecological and public health ramifications of animal-derived water contamination.
{"title":"Microbial Source Tracking: An Emerging Technology for Microbial Water Quality Assessment: A Review","authors":"Job, O.S., Bala, J.D., Abdulraham, A.A., Friday, N.N., Ibekie, S.A., Tsebam, C.J, Abudullahi, D.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.014","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial Source Tracking is a scientific approach that primarily aims to identify the sources of faecal contamination in water bodies. Microbial Source Tracking (MST) is a set of techniques employed to identify the origins of faecal contamination in water. The capacity to track faecal bacteria to their source is a crucial aspect of both public health and water quality management. The utilisation of information obtained from the method of MST would provide water quality managers with an enhanced comprehension of the origins of contamination, thus facilitating the implementation of remedial measures to impede transmission. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the gut-associated bacteria of the order Bacteroidales, specifically the Bacteroides genus, has a tendency to undergo co-evolution with the host, making it a highly viable option for MST applications. However, it is noteworthy that MST is also facilitating the scientific community with effective techniques for tracing faecal bacteria and pathogens in water sources. The methodologies utilised in MST are frequently categorised as either Library-Dependent Methods (LDMs) or Library-Independent Methods (LIMs). Microbial source tracking has been employed for diverse objectives, such as ensuring adherence to regulations, remediating pollution, and evaluating risk. The implementation of MST is expected to mitigate the prevalence of waterborne illnesses resulting from contamination. The implementation of MST has facilitated the ability to anticipate the probable origins of faecal contamination and the associated health hazards linked to compromised water systems. In addition to conventional faecal indicators, these methodologies are suggested as means to furnish supplementary insights into the origins of pollution, as well as the ecological and public health ramifications of animal-derived water contamination. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86969698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amoo, A.O., Ijanu, E.M., Haruna, A., Adeleye, A.O., Sabo, A.
Biogas production is a promising renewable energy source that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve environmental health. Substrate pre-treatment methods, including physical, chemical, and biological methods can increase biogas yields and reduce operational costs. This review assessed the advancements in substrate pre-treatment methods for biogas production, while exploring potential benefits and drawbacks of various techniques. Physical pre-treatment methods, such as chopping, grinding, steam explosion, and high-pressure homogenization, have been found to increase biogas yield despite requiring high energy consumption and expensive equipment. Chemical pre-treatment methods involving acid and alkaline hydrolysis have been effective, but can be costly and generate hazardous wastes. The biological pre-treatment methods utilized microorganisms or enzymes, have advantages of higher biogas yields, shorter process time, and eco-friendliness. Future research can focus on developing more efficient and targeted pre-treatment methods using nanotechnology and genetic engineering, optimizing existing methods, and combining multiple pre-treatment methods to enhance efficiency. Improving pre-treatment methods can lead to benefits such as increased biogas production, reduced costs, and improved waste management practices.
{"title":"Review on the Pre-treatment Advancements of Biogas Production Barriers","authors":"Amoo, A.O., Ijanu, E.M., Haruna, A., Adeleye, A.O., Sabo, A.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.002","url":null,"abstract":"Biogas production is a promising renewable energy source that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve environmental health. Substrate pre-treatment methods, including physical, chemical, and biological methods can increase biogas yields and reduce operational costs. This review assessed the advancements in substrate pre-treatment methods for biogas production, while exploring potential benefits and drawbacks of various techniques. Physical pre-treatment methods, such as chopping, grinding, steam explosion, and high-pressure homogenization, have been found to increase biogas yield despite requiring high energy consumption and expensive equipment. Chemical pre-treatment methods involving acid and alkaline hydrolysis have been effective, but can be costly and generate hazardous wastes. The biological pre-treatment methods utilized microorganisms or enzymes, have advantages of higher biogas yields, shorter process time, and eco-friendliness. Future research can focus on developing more efficient and targeted pre-treatment methods using nanotechnology and genetic engineering, optimizing existing methods, and combining multiple pre-treatment methods to enhance efficiency. Improving pre-treatment methods can lead to benefits such as increased biogas production, reduced costs, and improved waste management practices.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88755765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mustapha, F. J., Ella, E. E.,, Luka, S. A.,, Wada, Y. A.
Thesium viride Hill, a member of the Santalaceae family, treats several ailments. However, few pharmacological investigations have been done to ascertain its folklore usage. The present study evaluated the presence of phytochemical constituents and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy profiling of the whole plant extract of Thesium viride and its oral toxicity in the Balb/c mouse model. The whole plant-dried sample was collected from Zaria local government, Kaduna State, Nigeria, and 400 grams of the pulverised plant was extracted by the Soxhlet method using different solvents. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analyses of the whole plant ethanol extract were done according to standard procedures. Acute oral toxicity studies of the extracts were carried out on BALB/c mice weighing 17-23g following recommendations from the OECD. The phytochemical analysis of Thesium viride whole plant extracts showed the presence of cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, and alkaloids. In addition, the GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract of Thesium viride revealed the presence of thirty-four bioactive compounds, the major ones being Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, trans-13-Octadecenoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z), and Diethyl Phthalate with peak areas (concentrations) of 34.44%, 29.75%, 4.18%, 3.60%, 2.62%, and 2.01% respectively. The median lethal dose (LD50) for acute toxicity studies of different fractions of Thesium viride on Balb/c mice was greater than 5000 mg/kg. The study concludes that the whole plant extract of Thesium viride is rich in phytoconstituents with pharmacological prospects. The extract is practically non-toxic and safe when administered orally in mice.
{"title":"Phytochemical Constituents and GC-MS Profiling of the Whole Plant Ethanol Extract of Thesium viride Hill and its Oral Toxicity in Balb/C Mouse Model","authors":"Mustapha, F. J., Ella, E. E.,, Luka, S. A.,, Wada, Y. A.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.003","url":null,"abstract":"Thesium viride Hill, a member of the Santalaceae family, treats several ailments. However, few pharmacological investigations have been done to ascertain its folklore usage. The present study evaluated the presence of phytochemical constituents and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy profiling of the whole plant extract of Thesium viride and its oral toxicity in the Balb/c mouse model. The whole plant-dried sample was collected from Zaria local government, Kaduna State, Nigeria, and 400 grams of the pulverised plant was extracted by the Soxhlet method using different solvents. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analyses of the whole plant ethanol extract were done according to standard procedures. Acute oral toxicity studies of the extracts were carried out on BALB/c mice weighing 17-23g following recommendations from the OECD. The phytochemical analysis of Thesium viride whole plant extracts showed the presence of cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, and alkaloids. In addition, the GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract of Thesium viride revealed the presence of thirty-four bioactive compounds, the major ones being Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, trans-13-Octadecenoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z), and Diethyl Phthalate with peak areas (concentrations) of 34.44%, 29.75%, 4.18%, 3.60%, 2.62%, and 2.01% respectively. The median lethal dose (LD50) for acute toxicity studies of different fractions of Thesium viride on Balb/c mice was greater than 5000 mg/kg. The study concludes that the whole plant extract of Thesium viride is rich in phytoconstituents with pharmacological prospects. The extract is practically non-toxic and safe when administered orally in mice.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88770233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azotobacter spp. are known for their ability to fix nitrogen into the soil non-symbiotically. Their activities can be enhanced through the provision of optimum cultural conditions. Hence, this study aimed to isolate Azotobacter spp. and optimize their growth (medium and condtions) with a focus on pH, sucrose and indole acetic acid (IAA) concentrations. The counts of Azotobacter obtained from the rhizosphere of the crops ranged from 4.0 × 104 – 1.0 × 106 CFU/g. The three high IAA-producing Azotobacter spp. were identified as A. chroococcum, A. vinelandii and A. beijerinckii. They produced IAA in the absence and presence of 0.25 % tryptophan in the ranges of 0.20 – 0.36 and 604.5 – 1439.7 µg/mL respectively. However, under optimized conditions these isolates produced IAA in folds. Optimum IAA was produced by A. chroococcum, A. vinelandii and A. beijerinckii at pH, sucrose and tryptophan concentration ranging from 6.5 – 7.5, 2 – 3 % and 0.3 – 0.7 %. respectively. A. vinelandii produced a higher amount of IAA when compared with A. chroococcum and A. beijerinckii at the optimal conditions. These were 2001.1, 2541.1 and 2602.6 µg/mL at optimum pH 7.5, sucrose (2 %) and tryptophan (0.3%) respectively. It was concluded from these findings that, Azotobacter vinelandii is an excellent producer of plant growth promoting hormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).
{"title":"Optımızatıon of Condıtıons for the Productıon of Indole Acetıc Acıd by Azotobacter spp.","authors":"Sule I.O., Agbabiaka T.O., Saliu B.K.,, Ajijolakewu K.A., Zakariyah R.F","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.005","url":null,"abstract":"Azotobacter spp. are known for their ability to fix nitrogen into the soil non-symbiotically. Their activities can be enhanced through the provision of optimum cultural conditions. Hence, this study aimed to isolate Azotobacter spp. and optimize their growth (medium and condtions) with a focus on pH, sucrose and indole acetic acid (IAA) concentrations. The counts of Azotobacter obtained from the rhizosphere of the crops ranged from 4.0 × 104 – 1.0 × 106 CFU/g. The three high IAA-producing Azotobacter spp. were identified as A. chroococcum, A. vinelandii and A. beijerinckii. They produced IAA in the absence and presence of 0.25 % tryptophan in the ranges of 0.20 – 0.36 and 604.5 – 1439.7 µg/mL respectively. However, under optimized conditions these isolates produced IAA in folds. Optimum IAA was produced by A. chroococcum, A. vinelandii and A. beijerinckii at pH, sucrose and tryptophan concentration ranging from 6.5 – 7.5, 2 – 3 % and 0.3 – 0.7 %. respectively. A. vinelandii produced a higher amount of IAA when compared with A. chroococcum and A. beijerinckii at the optimal conditions. These were 2001.1, 2541.1 and 2602.6 µg/mL at optimum pH 7.5, sucrose (2 %) and tryptophan (0.3%) respectively. It was concluded from these findings that, Azotobacter vinelandii is an excellent producer of plant growth promoting hormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90408741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil contamination by textile and tannery effluents is a great concern to the environment, Complex effluents having a number of dyes accumulate in the soil there by polluting the environments and loss of microbial species in the soil. Samples were collected and the physicochemical analyses was determined. The pH was basic with 8.0 and 10.1 from tannery and dyeing site respectively. The organic carbon was very low with 0.76% and 0.06%, Nitrogen (0.067% and 0,095%), phosphorus 0.8mg/kg, and 1.62mg/kg), calcium (1.35mol/kg in both the two samples. Magnesium recorded 0.30mol/kg and 1.65mol/kg, potassium 0.85 mol/kg1.65mol/kg , Sodium 3.13mol/kg and 30.0 mol/kg in tannery and dyeing site respectively. The sand, silt and clay recorded (78.8% and 90.6%)(7.3% and 5.3%), (13.9% and 4.1%). The heavy metal content of the soil sample were determined the concentration of chromium was 0.0258 and 0.0043 from tannery and dyeing site respectively, while Nickel was almost unavailable in the site with -1.0700 and -1.0756. Lead recorded a very low concentration with -0.9164 and -7803. Thirteen bacterial species were isolated and identified based on morphology and biochemical charachteristics from the samples, tannery soil with frequency occurrences of 23.07% for Bacillus laterosporus, 15.38% for Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium while Bacillus firmus, Bacillus cereus, proteus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis and clostridium had 7.69% each. Fifteen species were isolated from the dyeing soil sample with Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the highest frequency of occurrences with13.33% each. Burkholderia cepacia, P. florescense, Bacillus laterosporus,Bacillus amyloliquifeciens, Bacillus brevis and Proteus vulgaris had 6.66% each, all these were determine with the use of Microgen identification kit, molecular analysis was done on two bacterial isolates and were confirmed to be Alishwanella solinqauinati and Bacillus subtilis. These indicate that the species isolated can resist high amount of toxic chemicals and can withstand any harsh environment and hence their ability to serve as a potential biosorbents for bioremediation of the affected environments at a cheap cost.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Bacteria from Soil Contaminated With Textile Dye And Tannery Effluents In Sokoto Metropolis","authors":"None Hauwa, H., None S.A. Adamu, None Yakubu H.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.017","url":null,"abstract":"Soil contamination by textile and tannery effluents is a great concern to the environment, Complex effluents having a number of dyes accumulate in the soil there by polluting the environments and loss of microbial species in the soil. Samples were collected and the physicochemical analyses was determined. The pH was basic with 8.0 and 10.1 from tannery and dyeing site respectively. The organic carbon was very low with 0.76% and 0.06%, Nitrogen (0.067% and 0,095%), phosphorus 0.8mg/kg, and 1.62mg/kg), calcium (1.35mol/kg in both the two samples. Magnesium recorded 0.30mol/kg and 1.65mol/kg, potassium 0.85 mol/kg1.65mol/kg , Sodium 3.13mol/kg and 30.0 mol/kg in tannery and dyeing site respectively. The sand, silt and clay recorded (78.8% and 90.6%)(7.3% and 5.3%), (13.9% and 4.1%). The heavy metal content of the soil sample were determined the concentration of chromium was 0.0258 and 0.0043 from tannery and dyeing site respectively, while Nickel was almost unavailable in the site with -1.0700 and -1.0756. Lead recorded a very low concentration with -0.9164 and -7803. Thirteen bacterial species were isolated and identified based on morphology and biochemical charachteristics from the samples, tannery soil with frequency occurrences of 23.07% for Bacillus laterosporus, 15.38% for Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium while Bacillus firmus, Bacillus cereus, proteus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis and clostridium had 7.69% each. Fifteen species were isolated from the dyeing soil sample with Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the highest frequency of occurrences with13.33% each. Burkholderia cepacia, P. florescense, Bacillus laterosporus,Bacillus amyloliquifeciens, Bacillus brevis and Proteus vulgaris had 6.66% each, all these were determine with the use of Microgen identification kit, molecular analysis was done on two bacterial isolates and were confirmed to be Alishwanella solinqauinati and Bacillus subtilis. These indicate that the species isolated can resist high amount of toxic chemicals and can withstand any harsh environment and hence their ability to serve as a potential biosorbents for bioremediation of the affected environments at a cheap cost.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136301255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit, an aromatic weed known as pignut or daddoya-ta-daji in the Hausa language, has a longstanding history of usage as food and medicine in Kaduna state. This plant is interestingly found thriving in environments with or without oil pollution. In our modern industrial society, it's practically inevitable that these medicinal plants come in contact with oil contamination. This is largely because oil pipelines, often aged and susceptible to corrosion or illicit activities leading to leakages, are scattered across urban and rural settlements, influencing the plants' phytochemical composition. This study is focused on examining if oil pollution alters the antioxidant activity of this plant. An evaluation of the antioxidant properties of methanol extracts from Hyptis suaveolens (L.) leaves, both from polluted and unpolluted areas, was carried out using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The outcomes showed that the extracts have significant (p < 0.05) concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. Yet, the unpolluted H. suaveolens leaves' methanol extract exhibited superior DPPH radical scavenging action compared to the extract from the polluted leaves. The median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for the polluted and unpolluted leaves' methanol extracts were 35 µg/ml and 20 µg/ml respectively. Therefore, the contamination had a detrimental impact on the plant extract's antioxidant capacity.
{"title":"Effect of Oil Pollution on the Antioxidant Activity of the Methanolic Extracts of Polluted and Unpolluted Leaves of Hyptis suaveolens (L)","authors":"Egwu, H.A.,, Yilwa, V.M.,, Onusiriuka, B.C.,, Dikwa, K.B., Yelwa, J.M.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.010","url":null,"abstract":"Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit, an aromatic weed known as pignut or daddoya-ta-daji in the Hausa language, has a longstanding history of usage as food and medicine in Kaduna state. This plant is interestingly found thriving in environments with or without oil pollution. In our modern industrial society, it's practically inevitable that these medicinal plants come in contact with oil contamination. This is largely because oil pipelines, often aged and susceptible to corrosion or illicit activities leading to leakages, are scattered across urban and rural settlements, influencing the plants' phytochemical composition. This study is focused on examining if oil pollution alters the antioxidant activity of this plant. An evaluation of the antioxidant properties of methanol extracts from Hyptis suaveolens (L.) leaves, both from polluted and unpolluted areas, was carried out using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The outcomes showed that the extracts have significant (p < 0.05) concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. Yet, the unpolluted H. suaveolens leaves' methanol extract exhibited superior DPPH radical scavenging action compared to the extract from the polluted leaves. The median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for the polluted and unpolluted leaves' methanol extracts were 35 µg/ml and 20 µg/ml respectively. Therefore, the contamination had a detrimental impact on the plant extract's antioxidant capacity.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84192472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oyedum, U. M., Kuta, F.A.,, Saidu, A.N.,, Babayi, H.
Drug resistance, especially multidrug resistance by microorganisms, particularly bacteria is on the increase and has been considered as a major health challenge worldwide. This study was conducted to isolate multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella typhi associated with patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) attending three General Hospitals in Niger State. A total of 390 samples of endocervical swabs (ECS) and urine samples were collected using sterile swab sticks and sample containers from patients atending General hospital Bida, Suleja and Kontagora. Screening for the presence of Salmonella typhi was done using streak method. Isolates of Salmonella typhi were identified through Gram staining and other biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates to ten (10) commonly prescribed antibiotics was determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. The result showed 240 (62%) of the 390 samples were positive for bacterial infections. Specifically, 50 (20.8%) of the 240 bacterial positive samples from both ECS and urine were positive for S. typhi .The antibiogram showed that 18 (36.0%) S. typhi isolates out of the 50 S. typhi isolates, expressed multidrug resistant characteristics, and were resistant to more than three (3) classes of antibiotics. The multidrug resistant S. typhi exhibited resistance to: Ofloxacin, Nalixidic acid, Augmentin, Cephalexin, Perfloxacin and Streptomycin. The results of this study confirmed the presence of multidrug resistant S. typhi in Niger State, hence there is a need for public health workers, to create awareness on the misuse of antibiotics, to prevent and curtail treatment failure due to antibiotic resistance.
{"title":"Survey of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi from Patients with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease attending some hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria","authors":"Oyedum, U. M., Kuta, F.A.,, Saidu, A.N.,, Babayi, H.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.009","url":null,"abstract":"Drug resistance, especially multidrug resistance by microorganisms, particularly bacteria is on the increase and has been considered as a major health challenge worldwide. This study was conducted to isolate multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella typhi associated with patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) attending three General Hospitals in Niger State. A total of 390 samples of endocervical swabs (ECS) and urine samples were collected using sterile swab sticks and sample containers from patients atending General hospital Bida, Suleja and Kontagora. Screening for the presence of Salmonella typhi was done using streak method. Isolates of Salmonella typhi were identified through Gram staining and other biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates to ten (10) commonly prescribed antibiotics was determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. The result showed 240 (62%) of the 390 samples were positive for bacterial infections. Specifically, 50 (20.8%) of the 240 bacterial positive samples from both ECS and urine were positive for S. typhi .The antibiogram showed that 18 (36.0%) S. typhi isolates out of the 50 S. typhi isolates, expressed multidrug resistant characteristics, and were resistant to more than three (3) classes of antibiotics. The multidrug resistant S. typhi exhibited resistance to: Ofloxacin, Nalixidic acid, Augmentin, Cephalexin, Perfloxacin and Streptomycin. The results of this study confirmed the presence of multidrug resistant S. typhi in Niger State, hence there is a need for public health workers, to create awareness on the misuse of antibiotics, to prevent and curtail treatment failure due to antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78747718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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