Glutathione s-transferases (GSTs) are ubiquitous family of enzymes well known for their detoxification function. Several different classes of the enzyme exist with beta class being the one specific to bacteria. Recently, the enzymes were found to exhibit other functions, in particular dehalogenation of some organic compounds. This property could be extremely useful especially in the bioremediation of some organochlorine pollutants. A beta class GST from Acidovorax sp. KKS102 designated as KKS-BphK was previously cloned and characterized. In this research, molecular docking study was first employed to investigate the possibility of binding of the protein to dichlorobenzoates; byproducts of polychlorobiphenyl degradation. The wild type enzyme together with other mutants were expressed using E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells and purified. The dehalogenation function of the enzymes against dichlorobenzoate derivatives was also investigated through chloride ion detection assay. The results of the molecular docking study indicated the possibility of binding of KKS-BphK to these substrates. Both the wild type and the mutants showed dehalogenation function against the model substrate 1-chloro-2,4- dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Furthermore, the enzymes also showed dehalogenation function against 2,4-dichlorobenzoate derivatives. However, in testing the activity of the enzymes toward 2,5- dichlorobenoate and 2,6-dichlorobenzoate, only K107T and A180P mutants showed some activity while the wild type and C10F mutant showed zero activity. The research indicates the usefulness of beta class GST in the dehalogenation of dichlorobenzoates in addition to their known function of dehalogenating monochlorobenzoates. Keywords: Glutathione s-transferase, Mutants, Beta class, dehalogenation, dichlorobenzoates.
{"title":"Dehalogenation of Dichlorobenzoates by Acidovorax sp. KKS102’s beta class Glutathione S-transferase and its Mutants","authors":"D. Shehu, Z. Alias","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2161.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.009","url":null,"abstract":"Glutathione s-transferases (GSTs) are ubiquitous family of enzymes well known for their detoxification function. Several different classes of the enzyme exist with beta class being the one specific to bacteria. Recently, the enzymes were found to exhibit other functions, in particular dehalogenation of some organic compounds. This property could be extremely useful especially in the bioremediation of some organochlorine pollutants. A beta class GST from Acidovorax sp. KKS102 designated as KKS-BphK was previously cloned and characterized. In this research, molecular docking study was first employed to investigate the possibility of binding of the protein to dichlorobenzoates; byproducts of polychlorobiphenyl degradation. The wild type enzyme together with other mutants were expressed using E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells and purified. The dehalogenation function of the enzymes against dichlorobenzoate derivatives was also investigated through chloride ion detection assay. The results of the molecular docking study indicated the possibility of binding of KKS-BphK to these substrates. Both the wild type and the mutants showed dehalogenation function against the model substrate 1-chloro-2,4- dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Furthermore, the enzymes also showed dehalogenation function against 2,4-dichlorobenzoate derivatives. However, in testing the activity of the enzymes toward 2,5- dichlorobenoate and 2,6-dichlorobenzoate, only K107T and A180P mutants showed some activity while the wild type and C10F mutant showed zero activity. The research indicates the usefulness of beta class GST in the dehalogenation of dichlorobenzoates in addition to their known function of dehalogenating monochlorobenzoates. Keywords: Glutathione s-transferase, Mutants, Beta class, dehalogenation, dichlorobenzoates.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90180308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are over 15 species of the Enterococcus genus, 80-90% of clinical isolates as E. faecalis. The aim of this work is to review the current information on Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus fecalis. The study reviewed using electronic documents and hard copies from public libraries of relevant literatures relating to biology, epidemiology, drug resistance mechanism, treatment, and control of Enterococcus faecalis. The review revealed that Enterocuccus faecalis formerly known as Streptococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive commensal bacterium that inhabits the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy humans and other mammals. However, it can cause lifethreatening infections in humans, especially in the nosocomial environment, where there are naturally high levels of antibiotic resistance. Thus, Enterococci have proven to present a therapeutic challenge because of their resistance to many antimicrobial drugs, including cell-wall active agents; aminoglycosides, penicillin, ampicillin, and vancomycin.” The Enterococci have the capacity to acquire a wide variety of antimicrobial resistance factors through plasmid transfer by conjugation, which present serious problems in the management of patients with Enterococcal infections. In general, Enterococcal isolates with lowered susceptibility to vancomycin are categorized as vanA, vanB, and vanC, vanA and vanB pose the greatest threat because they are the most resistant genes.E. faecalis are also resistant to teicoplanin. Enterococcal strains that are vancomycin-dependent have been found, but are rare and less common than vancomycin-resistant strains (referred to as “vancomycin-resistant Enterococci” or “VRE”). The review, identified that although VRE infection possess the tendency to become endemic especially in very ill debilitated patients who have been exposed to broad spectrum antibiotics; and the immune-compromised, yet Vancomycin continues to be the drug of choice for serious life threatening infections as sepsis, pneumonia, and endocarditis. Keywords: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci(VRE), Enterococcus faecalis, Resistance gene
{"title":"An Overview on Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecalis","authors":"A. Kumurya, B. Ega","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2161.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.033","url":null,"abstract":"There are over 15 species of the Enterococcus genus, 80-90% of clinical isolates as E. faecalis. The aim of this work is to review the current information on Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus fecalis. The study reviewed using electronic documents and hard copies from public libraries of relevant literatures relating to biology, epidemiology, drug resistance mechanism, treatment, and control of Enterococcus faecalis. The review revealed that Enterocuccus faecalis formerly known as Streptococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive commensal bacterium that inhabits the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy humans and other mammals. However, it can cause lifethreatening infections in humans, especially in the nosocomial environment, where there are naturally high levels of antibiotic resistance. Thus, Enterococci have proven to present a therapeutic challenge because of their resistance to many antimicrobial drugs, including cell-wall active agents; aminoglycosides, penicillin, ampicillin, and vancomycin.” The Enterococci have the capacity to acquire a wide variety of antimicrobial resistance factors through plasmid transfer by conjugation, which present serious problems in the management of patients with Enterococcal infections. In general, Enterococcal isolates with lowered susceptibility to vancomycin are categorized as vanA, vanB, and vanC, vanA and vanB pose the greatest threat because they are the most resistant genes.E. faecalis are also resistant to teicoplanin. Enterococcal strains that are vancomycin-dependent have been found, but are rare and less common than vancomycin-resistant strains (referred to as “vancomycin-resistant Enterococci” or “VRE”). The review, identified that although VRE infection possess the tendency to become endemic especially in very ill debilitated patients who have been exposed to broad spectrum antibiotics; and the immune-compromised, yet Vancomycin continues to be the drug of choice for serious life threatening infections as sepsis, pneumonia, and endocarditis. Keywords: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci(VRE), Enterococcus faecalis, Resistance gene","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74345947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. J. Adeleke, J. U Ewansiha, B. T. Thomas, A. Shitu
A considerable quantity of agricultural produce in Nigeria gets spoilt due to lack of storage facilities and poor storage conditions. An example of such agricultural produce is date palm which is readily available in the northern parts of Nigeria. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y10 isolated from decomposed sugarcane bagasse to produce wine using date palm fruits. The yeast was isolated using yeast extract peptone dextrose agar and was identified by molecular methods. Fermentation of date palm fruit juice was carried out anaerobically for 20 days during which physicochemical parameters and proximate composition were determined using standard methods. The yeast was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y10 with accession number MG321589. Analysis of physicochemical properties showed that pH dropped from 5.4 to 3.6, titratable acidity increased from 0.25 to 0.71% and specific gravity decreased from 1.1 to 1.01. Proximate composition of produced wine gave low total reducing sugar and low protein of 0.11 and 0.44% respectively and the final alcohol content was 10.4% at the 20th day of fermentation. This study has shown that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y10 which was isolated from decaying sugarcane bagasse sample has the potential to be used as starter culture for fermentation of date palm for wine production. Keywords: Date palm, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y10, wine, yeast, alcoholic fermentation
{"title":"Potentials of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y10 as a Starter Culture for Wine Production from Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Fruits","authors":"A. J. Adeleke, J. U Ewansiha, B. T. Thomas, A. Shitu","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2161.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.029","url":null,"abstract":"A considerable quantity of agricultural produce in Nigeria gets spoilt due to lack of storage facilities and poor storage conditions. An example of such agricultural produce is date palm which is readily available in the northern parts of Nigeria. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y10 isolated from decomposed sugarcane bagasse to produce wine using date palm fruits. The yeast was isolated using yeast extract peptone dextrose agar and was identified by molecular methods. Fermentation of date palm fruit juice was carried out anaerobically for 20 days during which physicochemical parameters and proximate composition were determined using standard methods. The yeast was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y10 with accession number MG321589. Analysis of physicochemical properties showed that pH dropped from 5.4 to 3.6, titratable acidity increased from 0.25 to 0.71% and specific gravity decreased from 1.1 to 1.01. Proximate composition of produced wine gave low total reducing sugar and low protein of 0.11 and 0.44% respectively and the final alcohol content was 10.4% at the 20th day of fermentation. This study has shown that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y10 which was isolated from decaying sugarcane bagasse sample has the potential to be used as starter culture for fermentation of date palm for wine production. Keywords: Date palm, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y10, wine, yeast, alcoholic fermentation","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86405649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ficus sycomorus L is a large, semi-deciduous spreading savannah tree that belongs to the family (Moraceae) is used by many tribes in the treatments of skin infections. The aim of this study was to carry out phytochemical analysis and antifungal evaluation of F. sycomorus L. stem and leaf Methanol extract on some dermatophytic fungi. The stem and leaf crude extracts were obtained after drying using maceration and percolation with methanol as the solvent. The extract was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening as well as GC-MS analysis for the presence of bioactive constituents. The antifungal inhibitory effect of the crude stem and leaf extracts was assessed by agar well diffusion methods. The phytochemical screening revealed that the leaves and stem-bark contained secondary metabolites such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, reducing sugar and steroid. The GC-MS assay showed that the most prevailing compound in the methanolic stem-bark extract was 2, 9, Diazabicyclo (4, 4, 0) decane-3,10 dione, while in the methanolic leaves extract was acetic acid. The anti-dermatophytic assay of the extracts against Microsporum canis and Tricophyton tonsurans showed that the extracts inhibited the fungi with zones of inhibitions ranging from 6.33±0.47 to 24.33±0.47mm with the leaf extract exhibiting higher inhibition zones than the stem extract (p˂0.01). The study shows that both the stem and leaf methanol extract of Ficus sycomorus L possesses antifungal activity and should be considered as a potential antifungal agent in search of newer agents to address dermatophytic fungal infections Key words: Ficus sycomorus L, Phytochemical/GC-MS Analysis, Antifungal activity
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Activity of Ficus Sycomorus L. (Moraceae) Extracts on some Dermatophytic Fungi","authors":"U. Lawal, L. Mansir, M. Sani","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2161.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.002","url":null,"abstract":"Ficus sycomorus L is a large, semi-deciduous spreading savannah tree that belongs to the family (Moraceae) is used by many tribes in the treatments of skin infections. The aim of this study was to carry out phytochemical analysis and antifungal evaluation of F. sycomorus L. stem and leaf Methanol extract on some dermatophytic fungi. The stem and leaf crude extracts were obtained after drying using maceration and percolation with methanol as the solvent. The extract was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening as well as GC-MS analysis for the presence of bioactive constituents. The antifungal inhibitory effect of the crude stem and leaf extracts was assessed by agar well diffusion methods. The phytochemical screening revealed that the leaves and stem-bark contained secondary metabolites such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, reducing sugar and steroid. The GC-MS assay showed that the most prevailing compound in the methanolic stem-bark extract was 2, 9, Diazabicyclo (4, 4, 0) decane-3,10 dione, while in the methanolic leaves extract was acetic acid. The anti-dermatophytic assay of the extracts against Microsporum canis and Tricophyton tonsurans showed that the extracts inhibited the fungi with zones of inhibitions ranging from 6.33±0.47 to 24.33±0.47mm with the leaf extract exhibiting higher inhibition zones than the stem extract (p˂0.01). The study shows that both the stem and leaf methanol extract of Ficus sycomorus L possesses antifungal activity and should be considered as a potential antifungal agent in search of newer agents to address dermatophytic fungal infections Key words: Ficus sycomorus L, Phytochemical/GC-MS Analysis, Antifungal activity","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90983378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effective treatment of typhoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has been hampered by the emergence of multidrug resistant and extended spectrum beta lactamase producing strains thus making the organism an important public health pathogen especially in developing countries. This study was aimed at screening Salmonella ser. Typhi isolates from suspected enteric fever patients for the presence of plasmids as well as ESBL production. Eightyfour (84) Salmonella ser. Typhi isolates were obtained from blood and stool culture giving a prevalence of 17.5%. Results of susceptibility screening revealed that 37.5% of the isolates demonstrated ability to produce extended spectrum beta lactamase in vitro out which 37.5% were isolates from Yola while 40% were isolates recovered from Gombi. Furthermore, 41(48.8 %) of the isolates from this study bore plasmids out of which 25(47.1 %) were from Yola metropolis while 13 (41.9 %) were from Gombi Local Government Area. The most common antibiotic resistant marker borne on the plasmids carried by S. ser. Typhi in the study area was resistance to AmpC Co (20) followed by resistance gene for ceftriaxone 10. Screening of the isolates for extended spectrum beta lactamase activity using the double disk synergy test revealed that 9 isolates namely; Salmonella ser. Typhi isolates GMB1, 6, 13, 26 and Salmonella ser. Typhi YLA 4, 11, 22, 31 and 42 showed positive ESBL activity. The PCR analysis revealed the presence of Blactx gene cluster in 4/25 (16%) of S. Typhi isolates. The detection of some strains with resistance to ceftriaxone as well as the ability to produce the ESBL is an early warning sign indicating the need for more controlled use of this drug in the country, especially in the study area. Keywords: Plasmid, Resistance, ESBL
{"title":"Plasmid Carriage and ESBL Production among Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi from Some Parts of Adamawa State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Sale, M. Ja’afaru, S. Pukuma","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2161.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.006","url":null,"abstract":"Effective treatment of typhoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has been hampered by the emergence of multidrug resistant and extended spectrum beta lactamase producing strains thus making the organism an important public health pathogen especially in developing countries. This study was aimed at screening Salmonella ser. Typhi isolates from suspected enteric fever patients for the presence of plasmids as well as ESBL production. Eightyfour (84) Salmonella ser. Typhi isolates were obtained from blood and stool culture giving a prevalence of 17.5%. Results of susceptibility screening revealed that 37.5% of the isolates demonstrated ability to produce extended spectrum beta lactamase in vitro out which 37.5% were isolates from Yola while 40% were isolates recovered from Gombi. Furthermore, 41(48.8 %) of the isolates from this study bore plasmids out of which 25(47.1 %) were from Yola metropolis while 13 (41.9 %) were from Gombi Local Government Area. The most common antibiotic resistant marker borne on the plasmids carried by S. ser. Typhi in the study area was resistance to AmpC Co (20) followed by resistance gene for ceftriaxone 10. Screening of the isolates for extended spectrum beta lactamase activity using the double disk synergy test revealed that 9 isolates namely; Salmonella ser. Typhi isolates GMB1, 6, 13, 26 and Salmonella ser. Typhi YLA 4, 11, 22, 31 and 42 showed positive ESBL activity. The PCR analysis revealed the presence of Blactx gene cluster in 4/25 (16%) of S. Typhi isolates. The detection of some strains with resistance to ceftriaxone as well as the ability to produce the ESBL is an early warning sign indicating the need for more controlled use of this drug in the country, especially in the study area. Keywords: Plasmid, Resistance, ESBL","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81293123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a global concern on the challenge of indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the management of diseases. At the center of this concern is the need to prevent antibiotics resistance which could increase the morbidity and mortality of cases. This is worse off in the Sub-Saharan Africa where guidelines for management of cases are usually not complied with. The study examined socio-demographic characteristics such as age and gender and how they influence antibiotic use within a community health facility’s outpatient. Descriptive cross-sectional design was used and 630 prescriptions were examined in the month of April, 2021. All admitted, observed and referred cases were not included in the study. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for descriptive and inferential statistics. The average antibiotics encounter was 37.6% and the differences of antibiotics encounter observed across different ages were statistically significant (X2=21.985, df=4, p< 0.001). There were differences in antibiotics encounter between being a child and being an adult and these differences were statistically significant (X2= 13.769, df=1, p<0.001). The odds of antibiotics encounter decreased by 28% per unit increase in age (OR = 0.715; 95%CI: 0.333 - 1.097). This predominance of antibiotic use among younger people could create resistance within this sub-population. This young population is the source of the nation’s future human resources and regular training and update courses for health workers in this field should be a priority to avoid increase in morbidity and mortality from antibiotics resistance and treatment failures. Key Words: Antibiotics; Community health; Prescription; Resistance; Socio-demographic
{"title":"Socio-Demographics of Patients and Antibiotic Prescription Pattern in a Community Health Facility in Lagos","authors":"D. I. Ekwoaba","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2161.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.027","url":null,"abstract":"There is a global concern on the challenge of indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the management of diseases. At the center of this concern is the need to prevent antibiotics resistance which could increase the morbidity and mortality of cases. This is worse off in the Sub-Saharan Africa where guidelines for management of cases are usually not complied with. The study examined socio-demographic characteristics such as age and gender and how they influence antibiotic use within a community health facility’s outpatient. Descriptive cross-sectional design was used and 630 prescriptions were examined in the month of April, 2021. All admitted, observed and referred cases were not included in the study. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for descriptive and inferential statistics. The average antibiotics encounter was 37.6% and the differences of antibiotics encounter observed across different ages were statistically significant (X2=21.985, df=4, p< 0.001). There were differences in antibiotics encounter between being a child and being an adult and these differences were statistically significant (X2= 13.769, df=1, p<0.001). The odds of antibiotics encounter decreased by 28% per unit increase in age (OR = 0.715; 95%CI: 0.333 - 1.097). This predominance of antibiotic use among younger people could create resistance within this sub-population. This young population is the source of the nation’s future human resources and regular training and update courses for health workers in this field should be a priority to avoid increase in morbidity and mortality from antibiotics resistance and treatment failures. Key Words: Antibiotics; Community health; Prescription; Resistance; Socio-demographic","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72718173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Re-dyeing of fabric materials using synthetic dyes (such as reactive dyes) is fast spreading in metropolitan Kano which causes serious damage to the ecosystems. This study was carried out to compare the potentials of Aspergillus terreus, Bacillus species and Chlorella vulgaris in bioremediation and adsorption of reactive red 198 (RR198) dye used in fabric re-dyeing. This was achieved through inoculation of pure cultures of the organisms in the dye solution. The highest percentage adsorption for all the test organisms was recorded after 48 hours of inoculation, with Chlorella vulgaris displaying 86.4%, Bacillus species, 84.4% and Aspergillus terreus, 69.8% of dye adsorption. The results showed statistically significant difference in dye adsorption among the three species with Chlorella vulgaris having the highest adsorption potential compared to the Bacillus species and Aspergillus terreus. The adsorption process fitted with the Freundlich's isotherm, revealing a multilayer adsorption pattern. There is need for the introduction of better strategies that detoxify dyes before discharging into the environment to avoid further contamination. Keywords: Aspergillus terreus, Bacillus species, Chlorella vulgaris, Reactive red 198 (RR198) dye.
{"title":"Comparative Study of the Potentials of Aspergillus terreus, Bacillus species and Chlorella vulgaris on the Bio-Remediation of Reactive Red 198 (RR198) Dye","authors":"Z. M. Sani, A. S. Dalhatu, S. Ibrahim","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2161.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.034","url":null,"abstract":"Re-dyeing of fabric materials using synthetic dyes (such as reactive dyes) is fast spreading in metropolitan Kano which causes serious damage to the ecosystems. This study was carried out to compare the potentials of Aspergillus terreus, Bacillus species and Chlorella vulgaris in bioremediation and adsorption of reactive red 198 (RR198) dye used in fabric re-dyeing. This was achieved through inoculation of pure cultures of the organisms in the dye solution. The highest percentage adsorption for all the test organisms was recorded after 48 hours of inoculation, with Chlorella vulgaris displaying 86.4%, Bacillus species, 84.4% and Aspergillus terreus, 69.8% of dye adsorption. The results showed statistically significant difference in dye adsorption among the three species with Chlorella vulgaris having the highest adsorption potential compared to the Bacillus species and Aspergillus terreus. The adsorption process fitted with the Freundlich's isotherm, revealing a multilayer adsorption pattern. There is need for the introduction of better strategies that detoxify dyes before discharging into the environment to avoid further contamination. Keywords: Aspergillus terreus, Bacillus species, Chlorella vulgaris, Reactive red 198 (RR198) dye.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73080803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Jimoh, M. I. Abdulkadir, T. Yusuf, B. Mohammed, O. Ige, M. Ibrahim, A. Oriya, S. Yusuf, M. S. Idris, S. Ahmed
Food and water borne diseases are leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study identified bacterial agents contaminating the hands of food handlers at Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. A total of 205 food handlers were recruited, their hands were swabbed, processed to isolate and identify bacteria using standard microbiological techniques. Of the two hundred and five (205) participants, fifty-five (55) were positive for bacterial contamination (26.8%). Fifty-nine (59) different bacteria strains were isolated; Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest with the frequency of 29(49%). Other foodborne pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli 4(6.8%) and Salmonella subspecies IIIb 1(1.7%). It has been shown from this study that a significant proportion of food handlers’ hands were contaminated with bacterial agents. Therefore, optimizing hand hygiene programmes among food handlers will help to minimize food contamination. Keywords: Hygiene, Food, contamination, Bacteria
{"title":"Bacterial Contaminants Associated with the Hands of Food Handlers at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria","authors":"O. Jimoh, M. I. Abdulkadir, T. Yusuf, B. Mohammed, O. Ige, M. Ibrahim, A. Oriya, S. Yusuf, M. S. Idris, S. Ahmed","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2161.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.007","url":null,"abstract":"Food and water borne diseases are leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study identified bacterial agents contaminating the hands of food handlers at Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. A total of 205 food handlers were recruited, their hands were swabbed, processed to isolate and identify bacteria using standard microbiological techniques. Of the two hundred and five (205) participants, fifty-five (55) were positive for bacterial contamination (26.8%). Fifty-nine (59) different bacteria strains were isolated; Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest with the frequency of 29(49%). Other foodborne pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli 4(6.8%) and Salmonella subspecies IIIb 1(1.7%). It has been shown from this study that a significant proportion of food handlers’ hands were contaminated with bacterial agents. Therefore, optimizing hand hygiene programmes among food handlers will help to minimize food contamination. Keywords: Hygiene, Food, contamination, Bacteria","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83965959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article intended to provide a concise and affluent proposal for the development of HACCP plan in the production of ready-to-drink Fura-da-Nono using information from reputable literature and guidelines recommend by food regulatory bodies. Poor personal hygiene, low quality raw materials and the rudimentary operations involved in the traditional processing of ready-to-drink Fura-da-Nono accounts for inconsistent quality, shorter shelf-life, poor hygiene and unacceptable qualities. During processing, materials are exposed to filthy processing environment, contaminated water, unclean processing equipment and contaminated packaging and storage containers. Application of HACCP guidelines in the production of ready-to-drink Fura-da-Nono will significantly improve its safety by assuring acceptance of only good quality raw materials and ensuring adequate processing along the production chain. These will not only guarantee the safety of the finished product, but will also ensure better nutritional qualities and acceptable organoleptic properties. Keywords: HACCP; Traditional food; Fura; Fura-da-Nono;
{"title":"Proposed Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Plan for Production of Ready-to-Drink Fura-Da-Nono- A Review","authors":"N. Abdullahi, J. Ndife, N. B. Umar","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2161.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.008","url":null,"abstract":"The article intended to provide a concise and affluent proposal for the development of HACCP plan in the production of ready-to-drink Fura-da-Nono using information from reputable literature and guidelines recommend by food regulatory bodies. Poor personal hygiene, low quality raw materials and the rudimentary operations involved in the traditional processing of ready-to-drink Fura-da-Nono accounts for inconsistent quality, shorter shelf-life, poor hygiene and unacceptable qualities. During processing, materials are exposed to filthy processing environment, contaminated water, unclean processing equipment and contaminated packaging and storage containers. Application of HACCP guidelines in the production of ready-to-drink Fura-da-Nono will significantly improve its safety by assuring acceptance of only good quality raw materials and ensuring adequate processing along the production chain. These will not only guarantee the safety of the finished product, but will also ensure better nutritional qualities and acceptable organoleptic properties. Keywords: HACCP; Traditional food; Fura; Fura-da-Nono;","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84001036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Aishat, S. Manga, I. Obaroh, R. J. Bioku, B. Abdulkadir
The practice of phage therapy, which uses bacterial viruses (phages) to treat bacterial infections, has been around for almost a century. The universal decline in the effectiveness of antibiotics has generated renewed interest in revisiting this practice. Conventionally, phage therapy relies on the use of naturally-occurring phages to infect and lyse bacteria at the site of infection. Biotechnological advances have further expanded the repertoire of potential phage therapeutics to include novel strategies using bioengineered phages and purified phage lytic proteins. Current research on the use of phages and their lytic proteins, specifically against multidrug resistant bacterial infections, suggests phage therapy has the potential to be used as either an alternative or a supplement to antibiotic treatments. Antibacterial therapies, whether phage- or antibioticbased, have relative advantages and disadvantages accordingly. Many considerations must be taken into account when designing novel therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating bacterial infections. Although much is still unknown about the interactions between phage, bacteria, and human host, the time to take phage therapy seriously seems to be rapidly approaching Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Antimicrobial; Bacteriophage; Biofilms; Multidrug resistance; Phage; Phage safety; Therapy.
{"title":"An Overview on the Application of Bacteriophage Therapy in Combating Antibiotics Resistance: A Review","authors":"A. Aishat, S. Manga, I. Obaroh, R. J. Bioku, B. Abdulkadir","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2161.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.015","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of phage therapy, which uses bacterial viruses (phages) to treat bacterial infections, has been around for almost a century. The universal decline in the effectiveness of antibiotics has generated renewed interest in revisiting this practice. Conventionally, phage therapy relies on the use of naturally-occurring phages to infect and lyse bacteria at the site of infection. Biotechnological advances have further expanded the repertoire of potential phage therapeutics to include novel strategies using bioengineered phages and purified phage lytic proteins. Current research on the use of phages and their lytic proteins, specifically against multidrug resistant bacterial infections, suggests phage therapy has the potential to be used as either an alternative or a supplement to antibiotic treatments. Antibacterial therapies, whether phage- or antibioticbased, have relative advantages and disadvantages accordingly. Many considerations must be taken into account when designing novel therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating bacterial infections. Although much is still unknown about the interactions between phage, bacteria, and human host, the time to take phage therapy seriously seems to be rapidly approaching Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Antimicrobial; Bacteriophage; Biofilms; Multidrug resistance; Phage; Phage safety; Therapy.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90722001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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