The rhizosphere is known to harbour a number of bacteria and fungi that can improve plant growth and productivity. This study investigated the abilities of bacteria and fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of guinea corn to solubilize phosphate, Idole Acetic Acid (IAA) and ammonia production. Purified isolates were confirmed through biochemical test and Gram staining. Phosphate solubilization was quantified using Pikovskaya’s, medium on standardized isolates using standard curve. IAA, production was observed using spectrophotometer and ammonia production was confirmed using Mcfaland standard. Serratia marcescens, exhibited the highest phosphate solubilization activity (547.52 ug/ml), while Micrococcus luteus, exhibited the least (1.45 ug/ml). However, Escherichia coli, had the highest (1821.4 ug/ml), IAA, production and Serratia marcescens had the least (100.71ug/ml). Bacillus licheniformis, had the highest ammonia production (2452.65 ug/ml), while Lactobacillus bulgaricus, had the least (1495.77 ug/ml). Among the fungal isolates, Aspergillus niger had the highest phosphate solubilization effects (679.31ug/ml), while Mucor pusillus had the least ((1.82 ug/ml). Ammonia production was observed from all isolates screened. B. lichiniformis had the highest (2452.65ug/ml) and L. bulgaricus, had the least (1495.77ug/ml). The findings imply that rhizosphere soil of guinea corn harbours bacteria and fungi which can help to improve the availability of solubilized phosphate, production of IAA and ammonia. Keywords: Rhizosphere, phosphate solubilization, IAA, Guinea corn
{"title":"Assessment of Phosphate Solubilization, Indole Acetic Acid and Ammonia Production by Bacteria and Fungi Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Guinea Corn (Sorghum bicolor)","authors":"M. Abdullahi, G. Oyeyiola, I. Sule","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.008","url":null,"abstract":"The rhizosphere is known to harbour a number of bacteria and fungi that can improve plant growth and productivity. This study investigated the abilities of bacteria and fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of guinea corn to solubilize phosphate, Idole Acetic Acid (IAA) and ammonia production. Purified isolates were confirmed through biochemical test and Gram staining. Phosphate solubilization was quantified using Pikovskaya’s, medium on standardized isolates using standard curve. IAA, production was observed using spectrophotometer and ammonia production was confirmed using Mcfaland standard. Serratia marcescens, exhibited the highest phosphate solubilization activity (547.52 ug/ml), while Micrococcus luteus, exhibited the least (1.45 ug/ml). However, Escherichia coli, had the highest (1821.4 ug/ml), IAA, production and Serratia marcescens had the least (100.71ug/ml). Bacillus licheniformis, had the highest ammonia production (2452.65 ug/ml), while Lactobacillus bulgaricus, had the least (1495.77 ug/ml). Among the fungal isolates, Aspergillus niger had the highest phosphate solubilization effects (679.31ug/ml), while Mucor pusillus had the least ((1.82 ug/ml). Ammonia production was observed from all isolates screened. B. lichiniformis had the highest (2452.65ug/ml) and L. bulgaricus, had the least (1495.77ug/ml). The findings imply that rhizosphere soil of guinea corn harbours bacteria and fungi which can help to improve the availability of solubilized phosphate, production of IAA and ammonia. Keywords: Rhizosphere, phosphate solubilization, IAA, Guinea corn","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88561466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. C. Mofolorunsho, M. Emmanuel, C. Omatola, R. Aminu, H. O. Ocheni
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major public health concern, and it is responsible for both hospital and community associated infections globally. In this study, we aimed at determining the prevalence and pattern of resistance of MRSA to commonly used antibiotics in Anyigba, Nigeria. This was a hospital based, cross-sectional study conducted between August 2017 and February 2018. One hundred and fifty routine clinical specimens were collected from selected health facilities in Anyigba for laboratory analyses. Standard laboratory methods were employed in the identification of the isolates. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was confirmed using Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar Base (ORSAB) supplemented with 2g/l of Oxacillin. Screening to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of all confirmed MRSA isolates was by disc diffusion method. A total of 124 (82.7%) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were recovered from clinical samples obtained. Of these isolates, 28 (22.6%) were methicillin resistant. The percentage distribution rate of MRSA was highest (50.0%) in urine samples. Majority of these isolates were resistant to at least four of the six antibiotics tested. Most of the isolates recovered from urine samples were resistant to Gentamicin (92.9%), Amoxicillin (100.0%) and Cotrimoxazole (85.7%). Our study showed a significant presence of MRSA isolates in the clinical specimens collected, with a relatively high rate to gentamicin, Amoxicillin and Cotrimoxazole antibiotics. This study highlights the need for monitoring of antimicrobial use considering the lack of innovation in the development of new antimicrobials which lessens efforts at combating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Antibiotic resistance, Clinical specimens
{"title":"Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Anyigba, Nigeria","authors":"K. C. Mofolorunsho, M. Emmanuel, C. Omatola, R. Aminu, H. O. Ocheni","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.007","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major public health concern, and it is responsible for both hospital and community associated infections globally. In this study, we aimed at determining the prevalence and pattern of resistance of MRSA to commonly used antibiotics in Anyigba, Nigeria. This was a hospital based, cross-sectional study conducted between August 2017 and February 2018. One hundred and fifty routine clinical specimens were collected from selected health facilities in Anyigba for laboratory analyses. Standard laboratory methods were employed in the identification of the isolates. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was confirmed using Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar Base (ORSAB) supplemented with 2g/l of Oxacillin. Screening to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of all confirmed MRSA isolates was by disc diffusion method. A total of 124 (82.7%) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were recovered from clinical samples obtained. Of these isolates, 28 (22.6%) were methicillin resistant. The percentage distribution rate of MRSA was highest (50.0%) in urine samples. Majority of these isolates were resistant to at least four of the six antibiotics tested. Most of the isolates recovered from urine samples were resistant to Gentamicin (92.9%), Amoxicillin (100.0%) and Cotrimoxazole (85.7%). Our study showed a significant presence of MRSA isolates in the clinical specimens collected, with a relatively high rate to gentamicin, Amoxicillin and Cotrimoxazole antibiotics. This study highlights the need for monitoring of antimicrobial use considering the lack of innovation in the development of new antimicrobials which lessens efforts at combating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Antibiotic resistance, Clinical specimens","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85227287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are at the greatest risk of being infected with various opportunistic infections, as their immune systems become so weak to fight against the infectious agents. Candida species are among the commonest opportunistic pathogens affecting people with weakened immune systems. Candidiasis remains the major challenge of public health important to the HIV patients. There is scarcity of information regarding the impact of Candidiasis in public health in Northeastern part of Nigeria, especially Bauchi State. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Candidiasis and the associated site of infection in the HIV patients. Clinical samples such as blood, urine, sputum and oral swab were collected from 300 HIV patients attending Federal Medical Center Azare, Bauchi State. The pathogens were isolated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and identified using Corn meal agar, Germ tube test, ChromagarCandida, Gram staining and Lactophenol cotton blue. Four Candida species were isolated among which Candida albican (51%) was the most prevalent followed by Candida glabrata (12%). The isolates colonized the oral cavity of 51.11% of the patients making oral candidiasis most common among the patients. The oral candidiasis is the most troublesome form of candidiasis among HIV patients and has been caused mostly by Candida albican. Key words- Opportunistic infections, Candidiasis, Site of Infection, HIV, Bauchi
{"title":"Prevalence of Candidiasis and Associated Site of Infection among HIV Patients Attending Federal Medical Center, Azare","authors":"Auwal Magaji, Ibrahim Musa Moi","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.009","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are at the greatest risk of being infected with various opportunistic infections, as their immune systems become so weak to fight against the infectious agents. Candida species are among the commonest opportunistic pathogens affecting people with weakened immune systems. Candidiasis remains the major challenge of public health important to the HIV patients. There is scarcity of information regarding the impact of Candidiasis in public health in Northeastern part of Nigeria, especially Bauchi State. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Candidiasis and the associated site of infection in the HIV patients. Clinical samples such as blood, urine, sputum and oral swab were collected from 300 HIV patients attending Federal Medical Center Azare, Bauchi State. The pathogens were isolated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and identified using Corn meal agar, Germ tube test, ChromagarCandida, Gram staining and Lactophenol cotton blue. Four Candida species were isolated among which Candida albican (51%) was the most prevalent followed by Candida glabrata (12%). The isolates colonized the oral cavity of 51.11% of the patients making oral candidiasis most common among the patients. The oral candidiasis is the most troublesome form of candidiasis among HIV patients and has been caused mostly by Candida albican. Key words- Opportunistic infections, Candidiasis, Site of Infection, HIV, Bauchi","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86702038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was aimed at detecting virulence genes in enteropathogenic bacteria associated with minimally processed foods sold within Kaduna metropolis. Samples of sliced watermelons, peeled sugarcanes, peeled and sliced pineapples and unshelled coconuts (n=140) were collected from Kaduna North, Kaduna South and Igabi LGAs. Upon enrichment, samples were inoculated onto Eosin-Methylene Blue (EMB) and Cefixime-Tellurite-Sorbitol MacConkey (CT-SMAC) agar and incubated for 18 hours at 35oC. Isolates were identified using MicrobactTM 24E Gram Negative Bacteria Identification System for Enterobacteriaceae. Thereafter, E. coli and Salmonella enterica isolates’ DNA was extracted and purified using AccuPrep Genomic DNA Extraction Kit; used as a template for the PCR amplification of the bundle forming pilus (bfpA) and invasion (invA) genes; and then the PCR products were visualised using agarose gel electrophoresis documentation system. The results of the MicrobactTM analyses showed widespread contamination of the samples with E. coli (22 isolates) and Salmonella enterica (3 isolates). There was no statistically significant difference in the bacterial contaminants isolated from the various sampling areas (one-way ANOVA: p = 0.577); similarly, the type of the minimally processed food samples had no influence on the prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella enterica isolates (p = 0.345). PCR result revealed that the invA virulence gene (284bp) was present in one Salmonella enterica isolate. The presence of invA gene in the Salmonella enterica isolate indicated that the isolate is a virulent strain, which can cause food-borne infections. These results indicated the contamination of the minimally processed fruits with enteropathogens, hence, standards of quality control should be enshrined, towards safer foods and enhanced health of the consuming populace. Keywords: E. coli; virulence gene; minimally processed foods; Salmonella enterica.
{"title":"Molecular Detection of Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Isolated from Minimally Processed Foods Sold within Kaduna Metropolis","authors":"A. Haroun, Hafsat A., Kamaluddeen Kabir, D. Denwe","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.012","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at detecting virulence genes in enteropathogenic bacteria associated with minimally processed foods sold within Kaduna metropolis. Samples of sliced watermelons, peeled sugarcanes, peeled and sliced pineapples and unshelled coconuts (n=140) were collected from Kaduna North, Kaduna South and Igabi LGAs. Upon enrichment, samples were inoculated onto Eosin-Methylene Blue (EMB) and Cefixime-Tellurite-Sorbitol MacConkey (CT-SMAC) agar and incubated for 18 hours at 35oC. Isolates were identified using MicrobactTM 24E Gram Negative Bacteria Identification System for Enterobacteriaceae. Thereafter, E. coli and Salmonella enterica isolates’ DNA was extracted and purified using AccuPrep Genomic DNA Extraction Kit; used as a template for the PCR amplification of the bundle forming pilus (bfpA) and invasion (invA) genes; and then the PCR products were visualised using agarose gel electrophoresis documentation system. The results of the MicrobactTM analyses showed widespread contamination of the samples with E. coli (22 isolates) and Salmonella enterica (3 isolates). There was no statistically significant difference in the bacterial contaminants isolated from the various sampling areas (one-way ANOVA: p = 0.577); similarly, the type of the minimally processed food samples had no influence on the prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella enterica isolates (p = 0.345). PCR result revealed that the invA virulence gene (284bp) was present in one Salmonella enterica isolate. The presence of invA gene in the Salmonella enterica isolate indicated that the isolate is a virulent strain, which can cause food-borne infections. These results indicated the contamination of the minimally processed fruits with enteropathogens, hence, standards of quality control should be enshrined, towards safer foods and enhanced health of the consuming populace. Keywords: E. coli; virulence gene; minimally processed foods; Salmonella enterica.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77587688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Overcoming the menace of a disease is achieved through proper prevention and treatment, therefore, this study was carried out assess the knowledge, attitude and practices on prevention and treatment on malaria among residents in Dutse town. Three hundred (300) structured questionnaires were administered to obtain data on demographic characteristics, basic knowledge on malaria and practices on prevention and treatment. The respondents were within the age range of 16-55 years. 136 (45.0%) were males and 164 (54.7%) were females. All of the respondents were educated, informally 22 (7.3%), secondary (44.6%) and tertiary 96 (32%). 258 (86%) knew that malaria is caused by Plasmodium, 280 (93%) are aware of malaria transmission by a female Anopheles mosquito 172 (57.3%), 146 (48.7%) of the respondents come down with malaria 2-3 times a year while 23 (15.3%) have malaria >5 times a year.112 (37.3%) believed rainfall is responsible for high prevalence of malaria, 86(28.7%) thought dirt is responsible while 66(22%) thought stress is responsible and 36(12%) thought is resistance. Majority of the respondents 97(32.3%) used mosquito coil and ensured cleanliness to prevent malaria,73 (22.3%) spray with aerosol and cleanliness, 38 (12.7%) use fan and 8 (2.7%) use chemoprophylaxis to prevent malaria using Fansider 4 (50%) and Chloroquine 4 (50%). Most of the respondents 188 (62.8%) go to the hospital when they are sick, 94 (31.3%) go to chemist and 20 (6.7%) used herbs, some of which are 6 (30%) neem leaves while 14 (70%) use Artemisinin annua (rai daure). Treatment of malariaamong the respondents is done with ACT by 154 (51.3%), 106 (35.3%) use combo of ACT and Fansider while 40 (13.3%) use chloroquine. Majority of the respondents 284 (94.7%) buy the drug while 16 (5.3%) get them free. Only 154 (51.3%) completes their drug dosage and 174 (58%) know that dosage noncompliance can cause resistance. Prevention and treatment methods employed by the respondent may not translate to malariaelimination. Therefore, continual sensitization and improvement in treatment cannot be over emphasized. Keywords: AttitudeKnowledge,Malaria, PreventionTreatment and Dutse
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) on Malaria Prevention and Treatment among Residents in Dutse, Jigawa State Nigeria","authors":"R. H. Muhammad, A. A. Chiroma","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.019","url":null,"abstract":"Overcoming the menace of a disease is achieved through proper prevention and treatment, therefore, this study was carried out assess the knowledge, attitude and practices on prevention and treatment on malaria among residents in Dutse town. Three hundred (300) structured questionnaires were administered to obtain data on demographic characteristics, basic knowledge on malaria and practices on prevention and treatment. The respondents were within the age range of 16-55 years. 136 (45.0%) were males and 164 (54.7%) were females. All of the respondents were educated, informally 22 (7.3%), secondary (44.6%) and tertiary 96 (32%). 258 (86%) knew that malaria is caused by Plasmodium, 280 (93%) are aware of malaria transmission by a female Anopheles mosquito 172 (57.3%), 146 (48.7%) of the respondents come down with malaria 2-3 times a year while 23 (15.3%) have malaria >5 times a year.112 (37.3%) believed rainfall is responsible for high prevalence of malaria, 86(28.7%) thought dirt is responsible while 66(22%) thought stress is responsible and 36(12%) thought is resistance. Majority of the respondents 97(32.3%) used mosquito coil and ensured cleanliness to prevent malaria,73 (22.3%) spray with aerosol and cleanliness, 38 (12.7%) use fan and 8 (2.7%) use chemoprophylaxis to prevent malaria using Fansider 4 (50%) and Chloroquine 4 (50%). Most of the respondents 188 (62.8%) go to the hospital when they are sick, 94 (31.3%) go to chemist and 20 (6.7%) used herbs, some of which are 6 (30%) neem leaves while 14 (70%) use Artemisinin annua (rai daure). Treatment of malariaamong the respondents is done with ACT by 154 (51.3%), 106 (35.3%) use combo of ACT and Fansider while 40 (13.3%) use chloroquine. Majority of the respondents 284 (94.7%) buy the drug while 16 (5.3%) get them free. Only 154 (51.3%) completes their drug dosage and 174 (58%) know that dosage noncompliance can cause resistance. Prevention and treatment methods employed by the respondent may not translate to malariaelimination. Therefore, continual sensitization and improvement in treatment cannot be over emphasized. Keywords: AttitudeKnowledge,Malaria, PreventionTreatment and Dutse","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80314609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anaemia constitutes a serious health problem in many tropical countries including Nigeria because of the high prevalence of malaria and other parasitic infections which possibly leads to a decrease in hemoglobin. Fluted pumpkin has been reported to be very good in building the constituents of the blood and replacing them. This study investigated the effects of the methanolic leaves extract of fluted pumpkin on some hematological parameters in 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-induced anaemic rats. Thirty Wister rats of both sexes were separated into five groups of six rats each. Group 1 serves as normal control, while groups 2-5 were induced with anaemia using 40mg/kg body weight of 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazine. Group 2 serves as the negative control without treatment, group 3 were given 20 mg/kg (b.w) of standard hematinic drug astymin, and group 4 and 5 were administered with 200 and 400 mg/kg w/w methanolic leaves extract of Telfairia occidentals respectively. All rats were fed with grower’s mash and water ad libitum for 21 days. The rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for hematological analysis. All analysis was done using standard methods. The result of this study demonstrated that oral administration of 200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg of the extract increased the haematological parameters under investigation. A significant (p<0.05) increase in haematinic activity was observed in group 3 and 5, and it was concluded that methanolic leaves extract of fluted pumpkin could be effective in ameliorating anaemia. Keywords: Anemia; Telfairia occidentalis; 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine; Haematological
{"title":"Effect Of Methanolic Leaves Extract of Telfairia occidentalis on 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Induced Anaemic Rats","authors":"Z. Sulaiman, Y. Salahuddeen, U. Sabiu","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.011","url":null,"abstract":"Anaemia constitutes a serious health problem in many tropical countries including Nigeria because of the high prevalence of malaria and other parasitic infections which possibly leads to a decrease in hemoglobin. Fluted pumpkin has been reported to be very good in building the constituents of the blood and replacing them. This study investigated the effects of the methanolic leaves extract of fluted pumpkin on some hematological parameters in 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-induced anaemic rats. Thirty Wister rats of both sexes were separated into five groups of six rats each. Group 1 serves as normal control, while groups 2-5 were induced with anaemia using 40mg/kg body weight of 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazine. Group 2 serves as the negative control without treatment, group 3 were given 20 mg/kg (b.w) of standard hematinic drug astymin, and group 4 and 5 were administered with 200 and 400 mg/kg w/w methanolic leaves extract of Telfairia occidentals respectively. All rats were fed with grower’s mash and water ad libitum for 21 days. The rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for hematological analysis. All analysis was done using standard methods. The result of this study demonstrated that oral administration of 200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg of the extract increased the haematological parameters under investigation. A significant (p<0.05) increase in haematinic activity was observed in group 3 and 5, and it was concluded that methanolic leaves extract of fluted pumpkin could be effective in ameliorating anaemia. Keywords: Anemia; Telfairia occidentalis; 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine; Haematological","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87545205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experiments were carried out to assess the protectant ability of cow dung ash (CDA) to maize grains against Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. under laboratory conditions of 28-32oC and 60-75% relative humidity (R.H.). The CDA at different doses of 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00% (w/w) were used and permethrin powder at 0.625% used as positive control, negative control was also set up in different Petri dishes to which no permethrin or ashes were added. Five pairs of weevils were introduced into each of the Petri dishes and covered with muslin cloth. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Effect of the treatments on adult mortality was determined. Adult emergence and weight losses in seeds treated with CDA at different doses were also assessed. Findings of the study revealed that the adult mortality of S. zeamais among different CDA doses differed significantly (p < 0.05) and ranged from 13.33 to 100.00% at 96 hours after treatment (HAT). Results of the study also showed that LD50 of CDA against S. zeamais at 24 hours after treatment (HAT) was 4.57 % (w/w). There were no F1 adult emergences of S. zeamais in all the treatments. Weight losses were found to differ significantly (P<0.05) which were observed in grains treated with the lowest dose and the control only. It was found that CDA had no adverse effect on the germination of maize. There is therefore the need to identify the bioactive compounds in CDA that are responsible for its insecticidal ability against S. zeamais. Key words: Adult emergence, Cow dung ash (CDA), Germination capacity, Mortality, Grain damage, Sitophilus zeamais
{"title":"Studies on the Efficacy of Cow Dung Ash against Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)","authors":"M. Sulaiman","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.005","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were carried out to assess the protectant ability of cow dung ash (CDA) to maize grains against Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. under laboratory conditions of 28-32oC and 60-75% relative humidity (R.H.). The CDA at different doses of 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00% (w/w) were used and permethrin powder at 0.625% used as positive control, negative control was also set up in different Petri dishes to which no permethrin or ashes were added. Five pairs of weevils were introduced into each of the Petri dishes and covered with muslin cloth. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Effect of the treatments on adult mortality was determined. Adult emergence and weight losses in seeds treated with CDA at different doses were also assessed. Findings of the study revealed that the adult mortality of S. zeamais among different CDA doses differed significantly (p < 0.05) and ranged from 13.33 to 100.00% at 96 hours after treatment (HAT). Results of the study also showed that LD50 of CDA against S. zeamais at 24 hours after treatment (HAT) was 4.57 % (w/w). There were no F1 adult emergences of S. zeamais in all the treatments. Weight losses were found to differ significantly (P<0.05) which were observed in grains treated with the lowest dose and the control only. It was found that CDA had no adverse effect on the germination of maize. There is therefore the need to identify the bioactive compounds in CDA that are responsible for its insecticidal ability against S. zeamais. Key words: Adult emergence, Cow dung ash (CDA), Germination capacity, Mortality, Grain damage, Sitophilus zeamais","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72672133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad T. H., Inabo H. I., Machido D. A., J. Ameh
Malaria and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are among the world’s greatest health problems and are concentrated in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Together, they are the cause of death of millions of people each year, hence they become a burden and a threat for development in India, Southern Asia, South America and Africa including Nigeria. The prevalence of malaria among HIV patients attending selected hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria was determined. A total of 300 HIV patients within the age range of 2-69years were enrolled, of which 217 were females and 83 were males. Four (4) mL of venous blood was drawn from each participant. The blood samples were examined for the presence of Plasmodium falciparum using thin and thick films while the CD4count was determined using flow cytometer (Partec Cyflow). Plasmodium falciparum was detected in 43 out of 300 participants with a prevalence of 14.3%.The prevalence was observed to be higher in males (18.07%) than in females (12.90%) and in the age group 1-10years (28.57%). Statistically, there was no association between Plasmodium falciparum infection with sex (p = 0.223) or age (p =0.253). The CD4 counts of all the participants ranges between 28-2000 cells/μL with a mean of 1111.40 + 739.589. Patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection had lower CD4 counts than those that were negative. Conclusively, HIV individuals with severe immunosuppression (CD4 counts <200 cells/µL) are at higher risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Hence, HIV individuals should take all necessary measures to prevent the infection to avoid the negative impact
{"title":"Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Infection among HIV Patients Attending Selected Hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria","authors":"Muhammad T. H., Inabo H. I., Machido D. A., J. Ameh","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.002","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are among the world’s greatest health problems and are concentrated in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Together, they are the cause of death of millions of people each year, hence they become a burden and a threat for development in India, Southern Asia, South America and Africa including Nigeria. The prevalence of malaria among HIV patients attending selected hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria was determined. A total of 300 HIV patients within the age range of 2-69years were enrolled, of which 217 were females and 83 were males. Four (4) mL of venous blood was drawn from each participant. The blood samples were examined for the presence of Plasmodium falciparum using thin and thick films while the CD4count was determined using flow cytometer (Partec Cyflow). Plasmodium falciparum was detected in 43 out of 300 participants with a prevalence of 14.3%.The prevalence was observed to be higher in males (18.07%) than in females (12.90%) and in the age group 1-10years (28.57%). Statistically, there was no association between Plasmodium falciparum infection with sex (p = 0.223) or age (p =0.253). The CD4 counts of all the participants ranges between 28-2000 cells/μL with a mean of 1111.40 + 739.589. Patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection had lower CD4 counts than those that were negative. Conclusively, HIV individuals with severe immunosuppression (CD4 counts <200 cells/µL) are at higher risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Hence, HIV individuals should take all necessary measures to prevent the infection to avoid the negative impact","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74080924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adama Ibrahim Jibril, Khadija Umar Tela, Safiyyu Mujitapha Umar, Khalid Maikano Khalid, Muhammad Adamu Abbas
Malaria is a serious public health concern worldwide, particularly in hyper endemic areas of tropical and subtropical regions, including Nigeria. This study investigated haematological profile of children under five (5) years infected with malaria attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano-Nigeria. Venous blood was aseptically collected from the ante-cubital vein. Thick and thin blood films were prepared and viewed under a light microscope to identify and quantify the malaria parasites. The study involved 160 children randomly selected: comprising of 80 malaria positive and 80 negative children. Full blood count was estimated using SYSMEX auto-hematology analyzer (Lincolnshire, Illinois U.S.A.). The results showed that red blood cells were statistically lower in malaria infected (3.64±1.09×106/µL) compared to the controls (4.16±0.86×106/µL). Haemoglobin concentration (HGB) of malaria infected children was also lower (8.78±3.14g/dl) than that of the control group (10.56±2.33g/dl). Similarly, hematocrit percentage of the infected children was significantly lower (25.58±6.28%) compared to the controls of (27.03±7.35%). The platelet count (PLT) of the malaria children were also lower in the case group (172.27±120.65×103/µL) compared to the controls with (240.73±143.23×103/µL), (P>0.05). While the total White Blood Cell counts (WBC) and its differentials did not show any statistically significant difference between the malaria infected and the controls (p>0.05). This study clearly demonstrated that malaria significantly affects the haematological profile of children under five years of age leading to anemia and thrombocytopenia, with no effects on the white blood cells and differentials. Keywords: Malaria, Children, Morbidity, Haematological profile.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Haematological Profile of Children Under Five (5) Years Infected with Malaria Attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano-Nigeria","authors":"Adama Ibrahim Jibril, Khadija Umar Tela, Safiyyu Mujitapha Umar, Khalid Maikano Khalid, Muhammad Adamu Abbas","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.015","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is a serious public health concern worldwide, particularly in hyper endemic areas of tropical and subtropical regions, including Nigeria. This study investigated haematological profile of children under five (5) years infected with malaria attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano-Nigeria. Venous blood was aseptically collected from the ante-cubital vein. Thick and thin blood films were prepared and viewed under a light microscope to identify and quantify the malaria parasites. The study involved 160 children randomly selected: comprising of 80 malaria positive and 80 negative children. Full blood count was estimated using SYSMEX auto-hematology analyzer (Lincolnshire, Illinois U.S.A.). The results showed that red blood cells were statistically lower in malaria infected (3.64±1.09×106/µL) compared to the controls (4.16±0.86×106/µL). Haemoglobin concentration (HGB) of malaria infected children was also lower (8.78±3.14g/dl) than that of the control group (10.56±2.33g/dl). Similarly, hematocrit percentage of the infected children was significantly lower (25.58±6.28%) compared to the controls of (27.03±7.35%). The platelet count (PLT) of the malaria children were also lower in the case group (172.27±120.65×103/µL) compared to the controls with (240.73±143.23×103/µL), (P>0.05). While the total White Blood Cell counts (WBC) and its differentials did not show any statistically significant difference between the malaria infected and the controls (p>0.05). This study clearly demonstrated that malaria significantly affects the haematological profile of children under five years of age leading to anemia and thrombocytopenia, with no effects on the white blood cells and differentials. Keywords: Malaria, Children, Morbidity, Haematological profile.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"207 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78153473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Madaki, Saidu S. N. A., E. Okolocha, B. Y. Kalgo, G. Aminu
This study determined the seroprevalence, epidemiological factors and geospatial distribution of Brucella infection in indigenous breed of chicken in Yobe State, Nigeria. Random sampling was used in selecting the locations. Blood for serum were collected from 400 chickens in two Live Bird Markets and tested using mRBPT and SAT (EDTA). Coordinates of these markets were taken by a single click using a handheld GPS machine. Seroprevalence of 21.0% (mRBPT) and 18.0% (SAT-EDTA) from mRBPT positive samples were obtained which were not statistically significant based on locations (p>0.05). Seroprevalence by sex was 19.5% and 88.4% for male chickens using mRBPT and SAT-EDTA respectively and 21.8% and 84.6% for female chickens using mRBPT and SAT-EDTA respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in seropositivity by sex and test type (p>0.05). Adult chickens had seroprevalence of 20.5% and 84.5% using mRBPT and SAT-EDTA respectively while 20.8% and 100.0% were obtained in the young using mRBPT and SAT-EDTA respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the seroprevalence by age (p>0.05). Geospatial map showed a distribution between 0.8% to 3.3% in the sampled areas. The study demonstrated infection by Brucella species in indigenous breed of chickens of both sexes and ages in Yobe state using mRBPT and SAT-EDTA. There is the need to create more awareness for stakeholders in the poultry industry in the State on the mode of transmission and prevention of the disease in order to reduce the menace that can be caused by the disease. Key words: Seroprevalence, Brucella infection, epidemiological factors, geo-spatial mapping
{"title":"Seroprevalence Survey of Brucella Infections in Poultry in Selected Local Government Areas of Yobe State, Nigeria","authors":"I. Madaki, Saidu S. N. A., E. Okolocha, B. Y. Kalgo, G. Aminu","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.016","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined the seroprevalence, epidemiological factors and geospatial distribution of Brucella infection in indigenous breed of chicken in Yobe State, Nigeria. Random sampling was used in selecting the locations. Blood for serum were collected from 400 chickens in two Live Bird Markets and tested using mRBPT and SAT (EDTA). Coordinates of these markets were taken by a single click using a handheld GPS machine. Seroprevalence of 21.0% (mRBPT) and 18.0% (SAT-EDTA) from mRBPT positive samples were obtained which were not statistically significant based on locations (p>0.05). Seroprevalence by sex was 19.5% and 88.4% for male chickens using mRBPT and SAT-EDTA respectively and 21.8% and 84.6% for female chickens using mRBPT and SAT-EDTA respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in seropositivity by sex and test type (p>0.05). Adult chickens had seroprevalence of 20.5% and 84.5% using mRBPT and SAT-EDTA respectively while 20.8% and 100.0% were obtained in the young using mRBPT and SAT-EDTA respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the seroprevalence by age (p>0.05). Geospatial map showed a distribution between 0.8% to 3.3% in the sampled areas. The study demonstrated infection by Brucella species in indigenous breed of chickens of both sexes and ages in Yobe state using mRBPT and SAT-EDTA. There is the need to create more awareness for stakeholders in the poultry industry in the State on the mode of transmission and prevention of the disease in order to reduce the menace that can be caused by the disease. Key words: Seroprevalence, Brucella infection, epidemiological factors, geo-spatial mapping","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87056427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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