M. Bashir, Ahmad Muhammad Yamani, Salisu Yahaya Mohammed
High intake of plant foods is associated with lower risk of chronic diseases as suggested by epidemiological evidence. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of polyphenol rich fraction of Ipomoea batatas leaf extract and the compounds possibly responsible for the activity using LCMS. The anti-inflammatory studies were carried out in vitro by protein denaturation technique. The result shows significant different (p<0.05) percentage inhibition of denaturation 90.59% at 1000 μg/ml of the extract compared to the standard drug (declofenac) 95.12% at 1000 μg/ml. The LCMS profiling of the extract revealed the presence of many metabolites (polyphenols) such as chrogenic acid, myricetin, furocoumarinic acid, aromadendrin, naringenin, 4,5-dicaffeolquinic acid and abietinol among others. The presence of these metabolites could be the reason for the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract observed. This implies that the plant can be exploited for its medicinal, therapeutic properties and possibly used to reduce the risk of many chronic diseases. Keyword: Anti-inflammatory activity, Protein denaturation technique, Mother delight, LCMS, Phytochemicals.
{"title":"In vitro Evaluation of Polyphenol Rich Fraction of Ipomea batatas (Mother delight) Leaf Extract as Anti-inflammatory Agents and its LCMS Profile","authors":"M. Bashir, Ahmad Muhammad Yamani, Salisu Yahaya Mohammed","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.018","url":null,"abstract":"High intake of plant foods is associated with lower risk of chronic diseases as suggested by epidemiological evidence. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of polyphenol rich fraction of Ipomoea batatas leaf extract and the compounds possibly responsible for the activity using LCMS. The anti-inflammatory studies were carried out in vitro by protein denaturation technique. The result shows significant different (p<0.05) percentage inhibition of denaturation 90.59% at 1000 μg/ml of the extract compared to the standard drug (declofenac) 95.12% at 1000 μg/ml. The LCMS profiling of the extract revealed the presence of many metabolites (polyphenols) such as chrogenic acid, myricetin, furocoumarinic acid, aromadendrin, naringenin, 4,5-dicaffeolquinic acid and abietinol among others. The presence of these metabolites could be the reason for the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract observed. This implies that the plant can be exploited for its medicinal, therapeutic properties and possibly used to reduce the risk of many chronic diseases. Keyword: Anti-inflammatory activity, Protein denaturation technique, Mother delight, LCMS, Phytochemicals.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86002255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The control of Spoladeare curvalis, a major pest of amaranth plant, has been through the use of synthetic pesticides which have been reported to have detrimental effects. This study was aimed at assessing the larvicidal potency of B. thuringiensis against the larvae of Spoladea recurvalis on amaranth plant. The assessment of the larvicidal potency of B. thuringiensis isolates from cow range land and refuse dump sites in Zaria metropolis habouringCry1 gene (CR2, CR4, RD1) was carried out by spraying spore crystal mixture of B. thuringiensis isolates on amaranth plants infested with Spoladea recurvalis larvae. The mortality of S. recurvalis larvae, under a screen house were assessed after 24, 48 and 72hours of exposure to the spore crystal mixture of B. thuringiensis isolates. Spore crystal mixtures of B. thuringiensis isolates were effective in causing larvae mortality with more than 60% mean mortality rate of S. recurvalis larvae after 72hours of exposure. The mortality rate of Spoladea rescurvalis increased with increase in exposure period. Spore crystal mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates should be considered as an alternative to synthetic pesticides for the control of Spoladea recurvalis larvae on amaranth plant. Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis; spore; larvae; amaranth; larvicidal.
{"title":"Assessment of the Larvicidal Potency of Bacillus thuringiensis Against the Moth of Spoladea recurvalis on Amaranths Plant","authors":"R. Muhammed, O. Yahaya, D. Machido","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.017","url":null,"abstract":"The control of Spoladeare curvalis, a major pest of amaranth plant, has been through the use of synthetic pesticides which have been reported to have detrimental effects. This study was aimed at assessing the larvicidal potency of B. thuringiensis against the larvae of Spoladea recurvalis on amaranth plant. The assessment of the larvicidal potency of B. thuringiensis isolates from cow range land and refuse dump sites in Zaria metropolis habouringCry1 gene (CR2, CR4, RD1) was carried out by spraying spore crystal mixture of B. thuringiensis isolates on amaranth plants infested with Spoladea recurvalis larvae. The mortality of S. recurvalis larvae, under a screen house were assessed after 24, 48 and 72hours of exposure to the spore crystal mixture of B. thuringiensis isolates. Spore crystal mixtures of B. thuringiensis isolates were effective in causing larvae mortality with more than 60% mean mortality rate of S. recurvalis larvae after 72hours of exposure. The mortality rate of Spoladea rescurvalis increased with increase in exposure period. Spore crystal mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates should be considered as an alternative to synthetic pesticides for the control of Spoladea recurvalis larvae on amaranth plant. Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis; spore; larvae; amaranth; larvicidal.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81167323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Aliyu, Benjamin Chikwendu Onusiriuka, Yahaya Abdullahi Umar, A. Haroun
This study was aimed at investigating the potential use of biosurfactant-expressing bacterial isolates in the biodegradation of premium motor spirit (PMS) at various concentrations (100-100,000ppm). The biosurfactant-expressing bacteria were isolated from mechanic workshop in Malumfashi, Katsina, Nigeria using standard techniques. The isolates identified belonged to the genera Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas. These isolates were screened for biosurfactant expression using drop collapse, haemolysis, oil–water behavior assays and emulsification index test. Positives isolates were investigated for PMS degradation by growing the isolates on mineral salt media supplemented with (0.1ml) premium motor spirit (PMS) as sole source of carbon. Although, higher total hydrocarbon degrading bacterial counts were obtained from soils where isolates positive for biosurfactant expression are predominant, there was no statistically significant difference between isolate source using Kruskal-Wallis H test (p = 0.67). The isolates Bacillus velezensis and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were positive for biosurfactant-production potential using drop-collapse, β-haemolysis, oil spreading, and emulsification index and drop collapse tests with higher tolerance to PMS at concentrations up to 100,000 ppm. Statistical analysis using multiple-comparison analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that the isolates exhibited varying PMS degradation response (p = 0.0066); furthermore, the tolerance of the bacteria to the PMS is dose-dependent (p = 0.00012). Post-hoc analysis using Tukey’s test identified Bacillus velezensis as the most efficient biosurfactant-producing and hydrocarbon degrading isolate (p = 0.0264 and 0.0034); moreover, the threshold concentration for high PMS tolerance was found to be 1000ppm and above (p = 0.0174, 0.0008 and 0.0001).These isolates’ ability to grow on mineral salt media supplemented with PMS as a sole source of carbon presents a veritable avenue for exploitation in biotechnology, towards biosurfactants-mediated bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollutants in oil contaminated soils. Keywords: Biodegradation, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Premium Motor Spirit
{"title":"Biodegradation of Premium Motor Spirit using surfactant-expressing bacteria from mechanic workshops in Malumfashi, Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Aliyu, Benjamin Chikwendu Onusiriuka, Yahaya Abdullahi Umar, A. Haroun","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.006","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at investigating the potential use of biosurfactant-expressing bacterial isolates in the biodegradation of premium motor spirit (PMS) at various concentrations (100-100,000ppm). The biosurfactant-expressing bacteria were isolated from mechanic workshop in Malumfashi, Katsina, Nigeria using standard techniques. The isolates identified belonged to the genera Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas. These isolates were screened for biosurfactant expression using drop collapse, haemolysis, oil–water behavior assays and emulsification index test. Positives isolates were investigated for PMS degradation by growing the isolates on mineral salt media supplemented with (0.1ml) premium motor spirit (PMS) as sole source of carbon. Although, higher total hydrocarbon degrading bacterial counts were obtained from soils where isolates positive for biosurfactant expression are predominant, there was no statistically significant difference between isolate source using Kruskal-Wallis H test (p = 0.67). The isolates Bacillus velezensis and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were positive for biosurfactant-production potential using drop-collapse, β-haemolysis, oil spreading, and emulsification index and drop collapse tests with higher tolerance to PMS at concentrations up to 100,000 ppm. Statistical analysis using multiple-comparison analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that the isolates exhibited varying PMS degradation response (p = 0.0066); furthermore, the tolerance of the bacteria to the PMS is dose-dependent (p = 0.00012). Post-hoc analysis using Tukey’s test identified Bacillus velezensis as the most efficient biosurfactant-producing and hydrocarbon degrading isolate (p = 0.0264 and 0.0034); moreover, the threshold concentration for high PMS tolerance was found to be 1000ppm and above (p = 0.0174, 0.0008 and 0.0001).These isolates’ ability to grow on mineral salt media supplemented with PMS as a sole source of carbon presents a veritable avenue for exploitation in biotechnology, towards biosurfactants-mediated bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollutants in oil contaminated soils. Keywords: Biodegradation, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Premium Motor Spirit","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90982562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are exogenous bacterial sugar polymers with many applications in dairy, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, using it as thickeners, stabilizers, and gelling agents. The study aimed to screen for potential exopolysaccharide producers from Lactobacillus spp. isolated from locally fermented milk (nono). Twenty-five nono Samples were collected from Wambai market, Kano. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated using de Man Ragosa and Sharpe Agar. Isolates were identified by API 50 CHL kit and web and screened for EPS production in which the EPS was extracted and quantified using the phenol-sulphuric method. Next, the influence of carbon source (Glucose, Sucrose and Lactose) and concentrations on EPS were evaluated on some of the isolated strains. The functional groups of the EPS were confirmed using FTIR. The isolated Lactobacillus spp. were all Gram positive, catalase and oxidase negative, API identification yielded; Lactobacillus acidophilus 1, Lb. brevis 1, Lb. fermentum, Lb. paracasei ssp paracasei, Lb. acidophilus 3. Ten isolates yielded EPS in the range of 248.33mg/l - 07.83mg/l. The FTIR analysis of extracted EPS produced peaks around 3,300–881cm-1. Hence the study has brought to light the presence of potential EPS producing LAB in nono, which could be further exploited to harness their potential. Keywords: Exopolysaccharide, Lactic acid Bacteria, Lactobacillus spp, Kano
{"title":"Screening For Potential Exopolysaccharide Producers from Lactobacillus spp Isolated From Locally Fermented Milk (Nono)","authors":"A. Kabir, U. Shamsuddeen, A. M. Magashi","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.014","url":null,"abstract":"Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are exogenous bacterial sugar polymers with many applications in dairy, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, using it as thickeners, stabilizers, and gelling agents. The study aimed to screen for potential exopolysaccharide producers from Lactobacillus spp. isolated from locally fermented milk (nono). Twenty-five nono Samples were collected from Wambai market, Kano. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated using de Man Ragosa and Sharpe Agar. Isolates were identified by API 50 CHL kit and web and screened for EPS production in which the EPS was extracted and quantified using the phenol-sulphuric method. Next, the influence of carbon source (Glucose, Sucrose and Lactose) and concentrations on EPS were evaluated on some of the isolated strains. The functional groups of the EPS were confirmed using FTIR. The isolated Lactobacillus spp. were all Gram positive, catalase and oxidase negative, API identification yielded; Lactobacillus acidophilus 1, Lb. brevis 1, Lb. fermentum, Lb. paracasei ssp paracasei, Lb. acidophilus 3. Ten isolates yielded EPS in the range of 248.33mg/l - 07.83mg/l. The FTIR analysis of extracted EPS produced peaks around 3,300–881cm-1. Hence the study has brought to light the presence of potential EPS producing LAB in nono, which could be further exploited to harness their potential. Keywords: Exopolysaccharide, Lactic acid Bacteria, Lactobacillus spp, Kano","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82509854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a bid to determine the level of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens feared to be nosocomially transmitted in some hospitals, Firstly, patients of HCAI was identified and followed-up accordingly with standardized questionnaire in the hospitals. Sample were collected for bacteriological assay using Culture and biochemical methods for the investigation of bacteria associated with nosocomial, Antibiogram pattern was assessed by Disk diffusion as to mark the resistant ones and presence of gene encoding for mecA and blaZ with the aid of PCR. At AKTH, A total of 63% of isolates were Gram-positive while 37% were Gram-negative bacteria. S. aureus were the most common isolates with frequency of 37%. Most of all the Gram-positive isolates were resistant to cefuroxime (30μg) and Amoxicillin (10μg) while they shown high sensitivity to other antibiotics tested against them. Only 18% of S. aureus are suspected MRSA. Most of Gramnegative isolates were found to be resistant to amoxicillin (10μg) 100%, gentamicin (10μg) 71% and chloramphenicol (30μg) 57%. At MMSH, 86% of the isolates were Gram-positive while 14% were Gram-negative bacteria. S. aureus, 42% were the most common isolates. All the isolates were resistance to cefuroxime and Amoxicillin (10μg) while they showed sensitivity to other tested antibiotics. while most shows sensitivity to other tested antibiotics. Only 24% of S. aureus were MRSA. 63% of the tested MRSA were mecA positive while 100% were blaZ positive. The high rates of resistome of isolates represent a substantial threat to the public where well-structured and continuous surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance is needed to encourage the monitoring of antimicrobial therapy. Keywords: S. aureus, Risk-factor, Surveillance, Resistance, Antimicrobial
{"title":"Surveillance for Antibiogram Pattern of Nosocomial Bacteria from two Selected Hospitals in Kano State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Bala, M. Mukhtar","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.017","url":null,"abstract":"In a bid to determine the level of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens feared to be nosocomially transmitted in some hospitals, Firstly, patients of HCAI was identified and followed-up accordingly with standardized questionnaire in the hospitals. Sample were collected for bacteriological assay using Culture and biochemical methods for the investigation of bacteria associated with nosocomial, Antibiogram pattern was assessed by Disk diffusion as to mark the resistant ones and presence of gene encoding for mecA and blaZ with the aid of PCR. At AKTH, A total of 63% of isolates were Gram-positive while 37% were Gram-negative bacteria. S. aureus were the most common isolates with frequency of 37%. Most of all the Gram-positive isolates were resistant to cefuroxime (30μg) and Amoxicillin (10μg) while they shown high sensitivity to other antibiotics tested against them. Only 18% of S. aureus are suspected MRSA. Most of Gramnegative isolates were found to be resistant to amoxicillin (10μg) 100%, gentamicin (10μg) 71% and chloramphenicol (30μg) 57%. At MMSH, 86% of the isolates were Gram-positive while 14% were Gram-negative bacteria. S. aureus, 42% were the most common isolates. All the isolates were resistance to cefuroxime and Amoxicillin (10μg) while they showed sensitivity to other tested antibiotics. while most shows sensitivity to other tested antibiotics. Only 24% of S. aureus were MRSA. 63% of the tested MRSA were mecA positive while 100% were blaZ positive. The high rates of resistome of isolates represent a substantial threat to the public where well-structured and continuous surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance is needed to encourage the monitoring of antimicrobial therapy. Keywords: S. aureus, Risk-factor, Surveillance, Resistance, Antimicrobial","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87605772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sherifat T. A., Jumoke B. B., Opeyemi O. O., Adetutu M. A.
Malaria remains one of the greatest concerns for the African population. To curb malaria, certain strategies need to be adopted like a quick diagnosis of the parasite within the human body, maintenance of proper environmental hygiene and use of other control methods. Diagnosis of malaria is often achieved using Microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic Test and Molecular Technique. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Testing in diagnosing malaria infection in patients at the General Hospital, Ijebu-Igbo, Ogun State, Nigeria which also falls under a malaria-endemic region using 150 study participants. Blood samples were collected from study participants having malaria symptoms using ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) container. The screening was done using microscopy method and Rapid Diagnostic Test. The data generated were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. The statistical parameter that was used for the analysis of the data was Pearson's Chi-Square Test, P at 0.05. The result shows the prevalence of malaria obtained through microscopic examination was 120 (80%) considerably more than RDT 54 (36%). These findings confirmed that microscopy is the gold standard in malaria diagnosis due to its high sensitivity, which allows it to detect parasites even at low counts. However, RDT has a specificity of 93.3% and a sensitivity of 92.2%, indicating that it is also effective when the parasite load is high. However, when compared to RDT kits for malaria diagnosis, microscopic analysis showed a higher sensitivity (100%); nevertheless, RDT may be a useful tool for rapid intervention to avoid the dangers associated with delayed diagnosis. Keywords: Malaria, Prevalence, Diagnostic, Microscopic, RDT
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Malaria Diagnosis Using Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) in Ijebu-Igbo North Local Government, Southwest Nigeria","authors":"Sherifat T. A., Jumoke B. B., Opeyemi O. O., Adetutu M. A.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.008","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria remains one of the greatest concerns for the African population. To curb malaria, certain strategies need to be adopted like a quick diagnosis of the parasite within the human body, maintenance of proper environmental hygiene and use of other control methods. Diagnosis of malaria is often achieved using Microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic Test and Molecular Technique. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Testing in diagnosing malaria infection in patients at the General Hospital, Ijebu-Igbo, Ogun State, Nigeria which also falls under a malaria-endemic region using 150 study participants. Blood samples were collected from study participants having malaria symptoms using ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) container. The screening was done using microscopy method and Rapid Diagnostic Test. The data generated were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. The statistical parameter that was used for the analysis of the data was Pearson's Chi-Square Test, P at 0.05. The result shows the prevalence of malaria obtained through microscopic examination was 120 (80%) considerably more than RDT 54 (36%). These findings confirmed that microscopy is the gold standard in malaria diagnosis due to its high sensitivity, which allows it to detect parasites even at low counts. However, RDT has a specificity of 93.3% and a sensitivity of 92.2%, indicating that it is also effective when the parasite load is high. However, when compared to RDT kits for malaria diagnosis, microscopic analysis showed a higher sensitivity (100%); nevertheless, RDT may be a useful tool for rapid intervention to avoid the dangers associated with delayed diagnosis. Keywords: Malaria, Prevalence, Diagnostic, Microscopic, RDT","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80525989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mint herbs have been reported to possess several biological effects, and the dried leaves are traditionally used for herbal tea or medicine. Extraction of plant materials was by maceration method. Both preliminary qualitative screening of phytochemicals and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (LCMS) profiling revealed many useful metabolites. The phytochemicals include: Saponin, Carbohydrate, Alkaloids, Cardiac glycoside, and Steroid. Some LCMS compounds among others were also evaluated such as Quassin, Epioxylubimin, furocoumarinic acid glycoside and Dioctylamine. The antimicrobial activity of Mentha piperita extract against some food-borne pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated using agar well diffusion method at different concentrations ranging from 2000 µg/ml - 250µg/ml. The results revealed that hexane mint extracts had activity against the bacterial isolates. The highest activity was against E. coli (11.50 ±1.50) while the least activity was against Enterobacter spp (6.14 ± 0.13). The potential bioactive metabolites identified could be responsible for the antimicrobial activities observed. These findings have thus proven that Mentha piperita is more effective against E. coli. Therefore this extract could be used in the control and prevention of many food-borne pathogens and can be of importance in developing new biopreservatives. Key words: Metabolite, phytochemical, Mint, Antimicrobial, Pathogen.
{"title":"Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Profile and In vitro Antimicrobial Potentials of Mentha piperita (Mint) Hexane Extract on some Food-borne pathogens","authors":"M. Bashir, Ruqayyah A. Usman","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.007","url":null,"abstract":"Mint herbs have been reported to possess several biological effects, and the dried leaves are traditionally used for herbal tea or medicine. Extraction of plant materials was by maceration method. Both preliminary qualitative screening of phytochemicals and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (LCMS) profiling revealed many useful metabolites. The phytochemicals include: Saponin, Carbohydrate, Alkaloids, Cardiac glycoside, and Steroid. Some LCMS compounds among others were also evaluated such as Quassin, Epioxylubimin, furocoumarinic acid glycoside and Dioctylamine. The antimicrobial activity of Mentha piperita extract against some food-borne pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated using agar well diffusion method at different concentrations ranging from 2000 µg/ml - 250µg/ml. The results revealed that hexane mint extracts had activity against the bacterial isolates. The highest activity was against E. coli (11.50 ±1.50) while the least activity was against Enterobacter spp (6.14 ± 0.13). The potential bioactive metabolites identified could be responsible for the antimicrobial activities observed. These findings have thus proven that Mentha piperita is more effective against E. coli. Therefore this extract could be used in the control and prevention of many food-borne pathogens and can be of importance in developing new biopreservatives. Key words: Metabolite, phytochemical, Mint, Antimicrobial, Pathogen.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80913381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nutrients, anti-nutrients and minerals composition of edible grasshopper (Chorthippus brunneus), locus beans and soya beans. The evaluations of nutrients and anti-nutrient composition of Chorthippus brunneus, Parkia biglobosa and Glycine max were analyzed using standard methods of A.O.A.C. and Kjedahal methods. The proximate analysis revealed that crude protein ranged between 24.667±3.512 to 39.561±2.553 with Chorthippus brunneus having the highest value and Parkia biglobosa and Glycine max having the lowest values. The Chorthippus brunneus had a considerable low carbohydrate contents compared to P. biglobosa and G. max carbohydrate value. However, the mean energy/caloric values ranged from 474 to 522 Kcal/Kg. Crude fat values were moderate, ranging from 11.763±1.035 to 15.26±0.761 with G. max having the highest value and C. brunneus the lowest. The anti-nutrients of the insects and the legumes were generally below toxic level in man. Moisture, ash and crude fibre were very high in C. brunneus compared to Parkia biglobosa and Glycine max. These Chorthippus brunneus therefore, could serve as additional promising sources of protein and fat for poultry and teeming population. The mineral compositions of the inscts (mg/kg) were considerably lower than that of locus beans and soya beans. Key: Chorthippus brunneus,Glycine max, Nutritional composition, Parkia biglobosa
{"title":"Comparative Study of Nutrients and Anti-Nutrients Composition of Commonly Consumed Edible Grasshopper (Chorthippus brunneus), Locust Beans (Parkia Biglobosa) and Soya Beans (Glycine max) in Katsina State","authors":"M. Abubakar, N. Abdullahi","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.009","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nutrients, anti-nutrients and minerals composition of edible grasshopper (Chorthippus brunneus), locus beans and soya beans. The evaluations of nutrients and anti-nutrient composition of Chorthippus brunneus, Parkia biglobosa and Glycine max were analyzed using standard methods of A.O.A.C. and Kjedahal methods. The proximate analysis revealed that crude protein ranged between 24.667±3.512 to 39.561±2.553 with Chorthippus brunneus having the highest value and Parkia biglobosa and Glycine max having the lowest values. The Chorthippus brunneus had a considerable low carbohydrate contents compared to P. biglobosa and G. max carbohydrate value. However, the mean energy/caloric values ranged from 474 to 522 Kcal/Kg. Crude fat values were moderate, ranging from 11.763±1.035 to 15.26±0.761 with G. max having the highest value and C. brunneus the lowest. The anti-nutrients of the insects and the legumes were generally below toxic level in man. Moisture, ash and crude fibre were very high in C. brunneus compared to Parkia biglobosa and Glycine max. These Chorthippus brunneus therefore, could serve as additional promising sources of protein and fat for poultry and teeming population. The mineral compositions of the inscts (mg/kg) were considerably lower than that of locus beans and soya beans. Key: Chorthippus brunneus,Glycine max, Nutritional composition, Parkia biglobosa","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87435533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) a deadly disease that affect human and apes like gorilla, chimpanzee antelopes and so on. The causative virus is found mostly in Africa. It had been uncovered first in mid 1970s on the brink of the River of Ebola village. Since from the primary inception of the strange disease in Democratic Republic of Congo, there has been a periodic outbreak of the disease in some African countries, affecting many people within the region. A systematic review was conducted using Google search Engine, Cochrane database systemic review (CDSR), Centre for Disease Control and prevention and World Health Organization EVD report Databases. The 2014-2016 Ebola outbreaks in West Africa were the most important and most complex, which began in Guinea and spread to Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. Before the disease is contained, it kills about 11,000 people and quite 28,000 people being affected from it first mid 1970s detection to late 2016. The virus is transmitted from fruit bat in touch of with other animals and passes on the infection to humans through handling infected, dead or sick animals found within the forest or through direct contact with bats. Human to human transmission occurs through direct contact with the blood, secretions and other body fluids. Symptoms of the virus are: sudden onset of fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, impaired kidney and liver function, and bleeding from body openings. Recent advancements have been carried out in the form of effective Ebola Virus Vaccine Inmazeb and Ebanga for Zaire Ebola Virus and anti-Ebola virus drug rVSV-ZEBOV (Ervebo). However, the rapid geographic propagation, non-specific clinical presentation, lack of adequate vaccine and specific diagnostic assay are the possible challenges to combat the dreaded public health menace of Ebola Virus Disease. Key Words: Ebola Virus, Disease, Transmission, Treatment, Vaccine
{"title":"Menace of Ebola Virus Disease: A Review","authors":"M. Galadima, J. Ali, K. Garba","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.018","url":null,"abstract":"Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) a deadly disease that affect human and apes like gorilla, chimpanzee antelopes and so on. The causative virus is found mostly in Africa. It had been uncovered first in mid 1970s on the brink of the River of Ebola village. Since from the primary inception of the strange disease in Democratic Republic of Congo, there has been a periodic outbreak of the disease in some African countries, affecting many people within the region. A systematic review was conducted using Google search Engine, Cochrane database systemic review (CDSR), Centre for Disease Control and prevention and World Health Organization EVD report Databases. The 2014-2016 Ebola outbreaks in West Africa were the most important and most complex, which began in Guinea and spread to Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. Before the disease is contained, it kills about 11,000 people and quite 28,000 people being affected from it first mid 1970s detection to late 2016. The virus is transmitted from fruit bat in touch of with other animals and passes on the infection to humans through handling infected, dead or sick animals found within the forest or through direct contact with bats. Human to human transmission occurs through direct contact with the blood, secretions and other body fluids. Symptoms of the virus are: sudden onset of fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, impaired kidney and liver function, and bleeding from body openings. Recent advancements have been carried out in the form of effective Ebola Virus Vaccine Inmazeb and Ebanga for Zaire Ebola Virus and anti-Ebola virus drug rVSV-ZEBOV (Ervebo). However, the rapid geographic propagation, non-specific clinical presentation, lack of adequate vaccine and specific diagnostic assay are the possible challenges to combat the dreaded public health menace of Ebola Virus Disease. Key Words: Ebola Virus, Disease, Transmission, Treatment, Vaccine","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76439242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biofloc Technology utilizes the addition of carbon sources to fish culture systems to allow the growth of bacteria, as well as aggregation of dead organic matter in the fish culture systems thereby permit continuous use of water. The use of biofloc for C. gariepinus culture has evaluated the growth, feed conversion and water quality. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of carbon sources on the haematological parameters of catfish in the biofloc system. The biofloc system was set-up at the Biological garden of Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina. A total of two hundred (200) fingerlings catfish with an average weight of 8.45 ± 1.6 g were randomly distributed in eight (8) plastic tanks at stocking densities of 1g/m3 . Three carbon sources namely; corn flour, rice bran, and sorghum flour were used to support the flocculation and growth of catfish in the system. The fishes were fed uniformly with a commercial diet ad-libitum. After six weeks rearing period, the survival of fish in all treatments was not significantly different (p <0.005); control (94%); corn-flour (90%), sorghum flour (98%) and rice bran (96%). Total weight gain was significantly higher (p<0.005) in corn-flour biofloc treatment. The blood sample collected for haematological analysis showed a significant difference (p˂ 0.05) in the mean blood parameters with respect to park cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), and haemoglobin (mg/l) values. The PCV of the rice bran treatment (18.00%) was significantly lower (p˂0.05) compared with other treatments. White blood cell (WBC) was significantly higher in rice bran treatment (p ˂ 0.05). The result indicated that corn-flour and sorghum could be used as the carbon source in the biofloc system with no effect on haematological parameters. Keywords: Biofloc, Carbon sources, Catfish, Hematology
Biofloc技术利用在鱼类养殖系统中添加碳源来允许细菌生长，以及在鱼类养殖系统中聚集死有机物，从而允许连续使用水。利用生物絮凝体对加里宾沼虾的生长、饲料转化率和水质进行了评价。本实验旨在研究不同碳源对生物絮团系统中鲶鱼血液学参数的影响。该生物絮团系统是在卡齐纳Umaru Musa Yar 'adua大学的生物园内建立的。试验将200尾平均体重为8.45±1.6 g的鲶鱼鱼种随机分布在8个塑料池中，放养密度为1g/m3。三个碳源即;以玉米粉、米糠、高粱粉为辅助剂，对鲶鱼进行絮凝和生长。这些鱼被随意均匀地喂以商业饲料。饲养6周后，各处理鱼的成活率无显著差异(p <0.005);控制(94%);玉米粉(90%)，高粱粉(98%)和米糠(96%)。玉米粉生物絮团处理的总增重显著高于对照组(p<0.005)。采集的血液样本进行血液学分析显示，在血液参数中，平均血细胞体积(PCV)、白细胞(WBC)和血红蛋白(mg/l)值有显著差异(p小于0.05)。米糠处理的PCV(18.00%)显著低于其他处理(p小于0.05)。米糠组的白细胞(WBC)显著高于对照组(p小于0.05)。结果表明，玉米粉和高粱可以作为生物絮团系统的碳源，对血液学参数没有影响。关键词:生物絮团，碳源，鲶鱼，血液学
{"title":"Evaluation of Haematological Parameters of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Grown in Biofloc System using Three Different Carbon Sources","authors":"M. Muhammad, T. A. Babatunde, A. Lawali","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.014","url":null,"abstract":"Biofloc Technology utilizes the addition of carbon sources to fish culture systems to allow the growth of bacteria, as well as aggregation of dead organic matter in the fish culture systems thereby permit continuous use of water. The use of biofloc for C. gariepinus culture has evaluated the growth, feed conversion and water quality. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of carbon sources on the haematological parameters of catfish in the biofloc system. The biofloc system was set-up at the Biological garden of Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina. A total of two hundred (200) fingerlings catfish with an average weight of 8.45 ± 1.6 g were randomly distributed in eight (8) plastic tanks at stocking densities of 1g/m3 . Three carbon sources namely; corn flour, rice bran, and sorghum flour were used to support the flocculation and growth of catfish in the system. The fishes were fed uniformly with a commercial diet ad-libitum. After six weeks rearing period, the survival of fish in all treatments was not significantly different (p <0.005); control (94%); corn-flour (90%), sorghum flour (98%) and rice bran (96%). Total weight gain was significantly higher (p<0.005) in corn-flour biofloc treatment. The blood sample collected for haematological analysis showed a significant difference (p˂ 0.05) in the mean blood parameters with respect to park cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), and haemoglobin (mg/l) values. The PCV of the rice bran treatment (18.00%) was significantly lower (p˂0.05) compared with other treatments. White blood cell (WBC) was significantly higher in rice bran treatment (p ˂ 0.05). The result indicated that corn-flour and sorghum could be used as the carbon source in the biofloc system with no effect on haematological parameters. Keywords: Biofloc, Carbon sources, Catfish, Hematology","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90356562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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