The uncontrolled hazardous wastes from industries mixing up with municipal wastes create potential risks to human health. A major environmental concern is gas released by decomposing garbage which increases the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases. This study was aimed to convert biogas to bio-methane from municipal solid wastes (MSW) in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The segregates of the wastes were immersed in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 5days to reduce the lignocellulosic content and was further homogenized in a propeller mixer. Proximate composition, physical and chemical and properties were analyzed. The mean values for moisture, ash, pH, temperature, total solids, volatile solids, BOD and COD were 65.10%, 1.10%, 5.49, 230C (initial), 6560mg/L, 84.53%, 205mg/L and 540mg/L respectively. The lignocellulosic content of the waste were of 34%, 33%, 33% for hemicellulose, lignin and celluloses, and nutrient values of 32:1 for carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, 0.48% and 1.16% for total sodium and phosphorous which indicate the MSW as potential substrates for biogas production. The waste fractions were assessed for a total hydraulic retention period of 35days and ambient temperature (370C) with neutral pH (7.35 to 8.0). The maximum gas yield was between 1070 and 1402cm3 within 20-30 days retention time. There was substantial decrease in biogas yield that correlated with temperature fluctuation within 10-15 days retention time, obtaining a value from 868 to 589cm3 at 33 to 310C. The biogas produced were characterized as 68.57% CH4, 30.21% CO2, 1.31% H2S and 1.50% O2 (25-30days), which significantly increased with regards to CH4 (87.52%) and significantly decreased to CO2, H2S and O2 (9.58, 0.38 and 0.01%) respectively. Municipal solid wastes (MSW) can be utilized for biogas production thereby solving the waste disposal problem.
{"title":"Conversion of Biogas from Municipal Solid Waste of Kaduna State to Bio-methane","authors":"H. M. Ladan, U. J. J. Ijah, J Baba","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.012","url":null,"abstract":"The uncontrolled hazardous wastes from industries mixing up with municipal wastes create potential risks to human health. A major environmental concern is gas released by decomposing garbage which increases the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases. This study was aimed to convert biogas to bio-methane from municipal solid wastes (MSW) in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The segregates of the wastes were immersed in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 5days to reduce the lignocellulosic content and was further homogenized in a propeller mixer. Proximate composition, physical and chemical and properties were analyzed. The mean values for moisture, ash, pH, temperature, total solids, volatile solids, BOD and COD were 65.10%, 1.10%, 5.49, 230C (initial), 6560mg/L, 84.53%, 205mg/L and 540mg/L respectively. The lignocellulosic content of the waste were of 34%, 33%, 33% for hemicellulose, lignin and celluloses, and nutrient values of 32:1 for carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, 0.48% and 1.16% for total sodium and phosphorous which indicate the MSW as potential substrates for biogas production. The waste fractions were assessed for a total hydraulic retention period of 35days and ambient temperature (370C) with neutral pH (7.35 to 8.0). The maximum gas yield was between 1070 and 1402cm3 within 20-30 days retention time. There was substantial decrease in biogas yield that correlated with temperature fluctuation within 10-15 days retention time, obtaining a value from 868 to 589cm3 at 33 to 310C. The biogas produced were characterized as 68.57% CH4, 30.21% CO2, 1.31% H2S and 1.50% O2 (25-30days), which significantly increased with regards to CH4 (87.52%) and significantly decreased to CO2, H2S and O2 (9.58, 0.38 and 0.01%) respectively. Municipal solid wastes (MSW) can be utilized for biogas production thereby solving the waste disposal problem. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88028035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Bristone James Pola, None Emmanuel Ijabani, None Joyce Briska
The effective use of Ficus sycomorus and Hyphaene theibaica traditionally in treatment of variety of illnesses has been widely reported. The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activities of the leaf extracts of Ficus sycomorus and Hyphaene theibaica on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Fresh leaves of Ficus sycomorus and Hyphaene theibaica were collected, dried and subjected to ethanolic extraction, and screened for phytochemicals. Five different concentrations of each extract was prepared viz: 200, 160, 120, 80 and 40 mg/mL using distilled water as solvent and tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion method. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed that F. sycomorus contained phenol saponins, tannins, flavonoids and steroids while H. theibaica contains Saponin, flavonoids, alkaloid, phenol and steroids. Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic leaf extracts of Ficus sycomorus was observed only against Escherichia coli at 200 mg/mL. While no zones of inhibition were observed against any of the test isolates for ethanolic leaf extracts of Hyphaene theibaica. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of F. sycomorus extracts on E. coli was 100 mg/mL and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 200 mg/mL. The activity of F. sycomorus leaf extract on E. coli being an enteric bacteria, could justify the traditional claims of its use in effective treatment of diarrhea and other stomach complications.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Ficus sycomorus and Hyphaene theibaica leaf Extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans","authors":"None Bristone James Pola, None Emmanuel Ijabani, None Joyce Briska","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.008","url":null,"abstract":"The effective use of Ficus sycomorus and Hyphaene theibaica traditionally in treatment of variety of illnesses has been widely reported. The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activities of the leaf extracts of Ficus sycomorus and Hyphaene theibaica on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Fresh leaves of Ficus sycomorus and Hyphaene theibaica were collected, dried and subjected to ethanolic extraction, and screened for phytochemicals. Five different concentrations of each extract was prepared viz: 200, 160, 120, 80 and 40 mg/mL using distilled water as solvent and tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion method. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed that F. sycomorus contained phenol saponins, tannins, flavonoids and steroids while H. theibaica contains Saponin, flavonoids, alkaloid, phenol and steroids. Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic leaf extracts of Ficus sycomorus was observed only against Escherichia coli at 200 mg/mL. While no zones of inhibition were observed against any of the test isolates for ethanolic leaf extracts of Hyphaene theibaica. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of F. sycomorus extracts on E. coli was 100 mg/mL and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 200 mg/mL. The activity of F. sycomorus leaf extract on E. coli being an enteric bacteria, could justify the traditional claims of its use in effective treatment of diarrhea and other stomach complications.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136301253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Garba, I., Umar, A.I., Tijjani, M.B., Aliyu, M.S., Doko, M.H.I., Raji, M.I.O., Udefi, A.C.
Infection with intestinal parasites is one of the main health issues in poor nations. It is estimated to affect 3.5 billion people worldwide, and 450 million people are thought to be ill as a result of such illnesses, with children making up the majority of those who are ill. By using several stool concentration techniques, this study was aimed at identifying parasite ova in the stool of Almajiri school children in Sokoto. The Formol-ether concentration technique, which is regarded as the gold-standard, Sheather's sugar floating technique, and saline floatation technique were employed to detect parasite ova in stool samples taken from Almajiri school children. A total of 137 stool samples were collected from Almajiri school children and each sample was examined by these concentration techniques. A prevalence of 37.9% of intestinal helminthiasis was observed by Formol-ether concentration technique. The sensitivity and specificity of Formol-Ether concentration technique were 96.2% and 97.8% respectively, followed by Sheather’s sugar floating technique 88.5% and 93.8% and the lowest sensitivity and specificity of 76.9% and 90% respectively were obtained in the saline floatation technique. There was a high prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis among Al-majiri school children, sheather’s sugar floatation technique was as sensitive as the Formol-ether concentration technique and more sensitive than the Saline floatation technique. Therefore, Sheather’s sugar floatation technique is recommended as a better alternative in the diagnosis of intestinal helminthiasis.
{"title":"Evaluation of Stool Concentration Techniques in the Detection of some Parasites among Almajiri School Children in Sokoto Metropolis","authors":"Garba, I., Umar, A.I., Tijjani, M.B., Aliyu, M.S., Doko, M.H.I., Raji, M.I.O., Udefi, A.C.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.016","url":null,"abstract":"Infection with intestinal parasites is one of the main health issues in poor nations. It is estimated to affect 3.5 billion people worldwide, and 450 million people are thought to be ill as a result of such illnesses, with children making up the majority of those who are ill. By using several stool concentration techniques, this study was aimed at identifying parasite ova in the stool of Almajiri school children in Sokoto. The Formol-ether concentration technique, which is regarded as the gold-standard, Sheather's sugar floating technique, and saline floatation technique were employed to detect parasite ova in stool samples taken from Almajiri school children. A total of 137 stool samples were collected from Almajiri school children and each sample was examined by these concentration techniques. A prevalence of 37.9% of intestinal helminthiasis was observed by Formol-ether concentration technique. The sensitivity and specificity of Formol-Ether concentration technique were 96.2% and 97.8% respectively, followed by Sheather’s sugar floating technique 88.5% and 93.8% and the lowest sensitivity and specificity of 76.9% and 90% respectively were obtained in the saline floatation technique. There was a high prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis among Al-majiri school children, sheather’s sugar floatation technique was as sensitive as the Formol-ether concentration technique and more sensitive than the Saline floatation technique. Therefore, Sheather’s sugar floatation technique is recommended as a better alternative in the diagnosis of intestinal helminthiasis.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78428148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water is one of the most important compounds on earth and is vital to the survival of any organism. The aim of the study was to assess the seasonal variation of the physico-chemical properties of open well water in Kura District, Kano State, Nigeria. A total of ten (10) water samples were collected randomly from five locations in Kura district, namely Dan Hassan, Karfi, Dalili, Gundutse, and Kosawa. The samples were analysed for pH, turbidity, conductivity, nitrate, calcium, chloride, and total dissolved solids, following the standard of American Public Health Association. Average values of physicochemical properties during the dry season were as follows: pH was 5.5 to 9, electrical conductivity was 340 to 456 S/cm, turbidity was 4.6 to 7 NTU, total dissolved solids was 400 to 420 mg/l, nitrate was 0.6 to 2.15 mg/l, chloride was 259 to 590 mg/l, and calcium was 8 to 25 mg/l. The average values for various physicochemical properties in the dry season were recorded as follows: pH ranged from 5.8 to 6.4, electrical conductivity ranged from 89 to 420 S/cm, turbidity ranged from 3.4 to 6.4 NTU, total dissolved solids ranged from 380 to 720 mg/l, nitrate ranged from 0.5 to 1.8 mg/l, chloride ranged from 8 to 14 mg/l, and calcium ranged from 160 to 450 mg/l. The results of the paired sample t-test indicated that there was no significant difference in concentration between the wet and dry seasons for pH, conductivity, turbidity, and nitrate (p < 0.05). However, concentrations of calcium, chloride, and TDS varied significantly between wet and dry seasons. Given that the dry season that was examined exceeded the WHO threshold limits for pH and turbidity, it is recommended to implement suitable water treatment techniques such as coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration in order to reduce turbidity and regulate pH levels in order to meet the required standards. Further research is necessary to investigate the presence of alternative contaminants in open well water, like heavy metals, microbial contaminants, or organic pollutants.
{"title":"A Comparative Seasonal Study on the Physicochemical Properties of Open Well Waters in Kura District, Kano State, Nigeria","authors":"Mujahid Ajah Matazu, Abdulhakim Hassan Wagini, Iliya Garkuwa Muhammad, Amina Shehu Hambali, Usman Bello, Binta Umar Mohammad, Hadiza Zakari Mustapha, A. Abubakar","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.020","url":null,"abstract":"Water is one of the most important compounds on earth and is vital to the survival of any organism. The aim of the study was to assess the seasonal variation of the physico-chemical properties of open well water in Kura District, Kano State, Nigeria. A total of ten (10) water samples were collected randomly from five locations in Kura district, namely Dan Hassan, Karfi, Dalili, Gundutse, and Kosawa. The samples were analysed for pH, turbidity, conductivity, nitrate, calcium, chloride, and total dissolved solids, following the standard of American Public Health Association. Average values of physicochemical properties during the dry season were as follows: pH was 5.5 to 9, electrical conductivity was 340 to 456 S/cm, turbidity was 4.6 to 7 NTU, total dissolved solids was 400 to 420 mg/l, nitrate was 0.6 to 2.15 mg/l, chloride was 259 to 590 mg/l, and calcium was 8 to 25 mg/l. The average values for various physicochemical properties in the dry season were recorded as follows: pH ranged from 5.8 to 6.4, electrical conductivity ranged from 89 to 420 S/cm, turbidity ranged from 3.4 to 6.4 NTU, total dissolved solids ranged from 380 to 720 mg/l, nitrate ranged from 0.5 to 1.8 mg/l, chloride ranged from 8 to 14 mg/l, and calcium ranged from 160 to 450 mg/l. The results of the paired sample t-test indicated that there was no significant difference in concentration between the wet and dry seasons for pH, conductivity, turbidity, and nitrate (p < 0.05). However, concentrations of calcium, chloride, and TDS varied significantly between wet and dry seasons. Given that the dry season that was examined exceeded the WHO threshold limits for pH and turbidity, it is recommended to implement suitable water treatment techniques such as coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration in order to reduce turbidity and regulate pH levels in order to meet the required standards. Further research is necessary to investigate the presence of alternative contaminants in open well water, like heavy metals, microbial contaminants, or organic pollutants. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81038562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rise of multidrug resistant microbial species is a major public health problem worldwide. Complementary natural sources with antimicrobial potentials including plants and plant-based products such as honey, are currently receiving great attention. As such, this study aimed to evaluate the medicinal potentials of honey by testing its antibacterial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates associated with wounds infection. Clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from infected wounds such as sepsis, bite, surgical, laceration and gunshots were obtained from Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina. The antibacterial activity of honey was assayed by Agar well diffusion technique using different concentrations of honey; 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (v/v). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of honey were also determined. The mean zone of inhibition of honey against the isolates range from 10.6 mm to 22.6 mm. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of honey at 100% (v/v) differ significantly compared to other concentrations. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of honey was determined to be 25% (v/v) while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration was estimated to be 75% (v/v). Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from gunshot wound was more susceptible to honey and ciprofloxacin (control) compared to Pseudomonas aeruginosa from other wound types. This study's findings demonstrated honey's efficacy in treating wound infections. Natural products, such as honey, have enormous potential for combating antibiotic resistance. In vivo studies should be carried out to further study the impact of honey on biological systems.
{"title":"Evaluation of the medicinal potentials of honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various forms of wound infections","authors":"Sumayya Mansur, Mukhtar","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.007","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of multidrug resistant microbial species is a major public health problem worldwide. Complementary natural sources with antimicrobial potentials including plants and plant-based products such as honey, are currently receiving great attention. As such, this study aimed to evaluate the medicinal potentials of honey by testing its antibacterial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates associated with wounds infection. Clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from infected wounds such as sepsis, bite, surgical, laceration and gunshots were obtained from Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina. The antibacterial activity of honey was assayed by Agar well diffusion technique using different concentrations of honey; 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (v/v). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of honey were also determined. The mean zone of inhibition of honey against the isolates range from 10.6 mm to 22.6 mm. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of honey at 100% (v/v) differ significantly compared to other concentrations. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of honey was determined to be 25% (v/v) while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration was estimated to be 75% (v/v). Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from gunshot wound was more susceptible to honey and ciprofloxacin (control) compared to Pseudomonas aeruginosa from other wound types. This study's findings demonstrated honey's efficacy in treating wound infections. Natural products, such as honey, have enormous potential for combating antibiotic resistance. In vivo studies should be carried out to further study the impact of honey on biological systems.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82709415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A current trend in drug research is the desire to obtain novel antimicrobials with plant origins as an alternative therapy and a means to curb antimicrobial resistance. This study evaluated the phytochemistry and antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis. The leaf of Newbouldia laevis was cold extracted with Ethyl acetate. The extract was evaluated for it phytochemical constituents using standard methods and antibacterial effect against some clinical bacterial isolates using well diffusion technique. The study revealed the presence of some phytochemicals, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenol, anthraquinones and steroids in the plant extract, which were believed to be a contributing factor to the observed antibacterial effects. The test isolates' susceptibility to the crude extract was measured at 25 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL, 75mg/mL and 100mg/mL. The growth inhibition of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranges from 9.66±1.54 to 13.00±0.00, 10.00±1.00 to 11.00±1.00, 9.33±0.57 to 11.00±1.00, 14.00±0.00 to 17.33±1.52 and 9.33±0.57 to 10.66± 1.52 mm respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was observed at 25mg/mL, 12.5mg/mL, 25mg/mL,12.5mg/mL and 25mg/mL against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations was at 50mg/mL, 25mg/mL, 50mg/mL, 25mg/mL and 50mg/mL respectively. The observed antibacterial effects were believed to be due to the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenol, anthraquinones and steroids detected in the extract. The results apparently justified the traditional use of this plant in treating bacterial infections whose causative agents are the organisms used in this study.
{"title":"Phytochemistry and Antibacterial Assessment of Ethyl acetate Leaf Extract of Newbouldia laevis","authors":"Bello, A.B, Suleiman, A., Idris, A.D","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.004","url":null,"abstract":"A current trend in drug research is the desire to obtain novel antimicrobials with plant origins as an alternative therapy and a means to curb antimicrobial resistance. This study evaluated the phytochemistry and antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis. The leaf of Newbouldia laevis was cold extracted with Ethyl acetate. The extract was evaluated for it phytochemical constituents using standard methods and antibacterial effect against some clinical bacterial isolates using well diffusion technique. The study revealed the presence of some phytochemicals, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenol, anthraquinones and steroids in the plant extract, which were believed to be a contributing factor to the observed antibacterial effects. The test isolates' susceptibility to the crude extract was measured at 25 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL, 75mg/mL and 100mg/mL. The growth inhibition of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranges from 9.66±1.54 to 13.00±0.00, 10.00±1.00 to 11.00±1.00, 9.33±0.57 to 11.00±1.00, 14.00±0.00 to 17.33±1.52 and 9.33±0.57 to 10.66± 1.52 mm respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was observed at 25mg/mL, 12.5mg/mL, 25mg/mL,12.5mg/mL and 25mg/mL against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations was at 50mg/mL, 25mg/mL, 50mg/mL, 25mg/mL and 50mg/mL respectively. The observed antibacterial effects were believed to be due to the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenol, anthraquinones and steroids detected in the extract. The results apparently justified the traditional use of this plant in treating bacterial infections whose causative agents are the organisms used in this study.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84839183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Obajuluwa, A.F., Samuel, E.O., Durowaiye, M.T., Igwe, J.C., Onaolapo, J.A.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are multidrug resistant pathogen of public health concern. It had been reportedly transmitted between individuals and pets in the community. In this study, MRSA was phenotypically detected among dogs and their owners in a small community (Buwaya) in Kaduna state, Nigeria. A total of 63 nasal samples were collected from both dogs and their owners, culture, microscopy and biochemical tests were used to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus from the samples. Detection of MRSA isolates was carried out using cefoxitin disc sensitivity testing, a surrogate marker for methicillin resistance. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used for antibiotics testing.The following organisms were isolated: Staphylococcus aureus 13(20.6%), E. coli 14 (22.2%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci 21 (33.3%), Shigella spp 13 (20.6%) and Micrococcus spp 2(3.2%). All the four S. aureus isolates from the dogs were positive for methicillin resistance while 6(66%) of the owners were methicillin resistance positive which showed a total MRSA prevalence of 76.9%. Chloramphenicol (90%) was the most active of all the antibiotics tested followed by cotrimoxazole (80%), doxycycline (70%), ciprofloxacin (70%), gentamicin 60%). The highest level of resistance of the phenotypic MRSA isolates was observed to penicillin (100%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (100%) and tetracycline (30%). In conclusion an alarming phenotypic MRSA prevalence of 76.9% was observed among dogs and their owners, the possibility of transmission of MRSA strains between pets and humans was also observed.
{"title":"Phenotypic Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Clinical Samples of Dogs and Their Owners in Buwaya, Gonin-gora, Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"Obajuluwa, A.F., Samuel, E.O., Durowaiye, M.T., Igwe, J.C., Onaolapo, J.A.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.006","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are multidrug resistant pathogen of public health concern. It had been reportedly transmitted between individuals and pets in the community. In this study, MRSA was phenotypically detected among dogs and their owners in a small community (Buwaya) in Kaduna state, Nigeria. A total of 63 nasal samples were collected from both dogs and their owners, culture, microscopy and biochemical tests were used to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus from the samples. Detection of MRSA isolates was carried out using cefoxitin disc sensitivity testing, a surrogate marker for methicillin resistance. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used for antibiotics testing.The following organisms were isolated: Staphylococcus aureus 13(20.6%), E. coli 14 (22.2%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci 21 (33.3%), Shigella spp 13 (20.6%) and Micrococcus spp 2(3.2%). All the four S. aureus isolates from the dogs were positive for methicillin resistance while 6(66%) of the owners were methicillin resistance positive which showed a total MRSA prevalence of 76.9%. Chloramphenicol (90%) was the most active of all the antibiotics tested followed by cotrimoxazole (80%), doxycycline (70%), ciprofloxacin (70%), gentamicin 60%). The highest level of resistance of the phenotypic MRSA isolates was observed to penicillin (100%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (100%) and tetracycline (30%). In conclusion an alarming phenotypic MRSA prevalence of 76.9% was observed among dogs and their owners, the possibility of transmission of MRSA strains between pets and humans was also observed.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72804982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Healthcare-associated infections are of different forms, with Surgical Site Infections (SSI) being the second most common type, they continue to be a relatively common postoperative complications and the most frequent reason for re-admission following surgery. Several data from around the world revealed Staphylococcus aureus to be the leading cause of surgical site infection. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the occurrence and drug resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from post-operative wounds in secondary health facilities within the Ilorin metropolis. With the aid of sterile cotton swabs, a total of hundred and thirty-two (132) wound swab samples were obtained from patients who had been clinically diagnosed with surgical site infection. These samples were processed as per standard microbiological techniques. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated at an occurrence rate of 15.2%. Chi-square analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the number of isolates in relation to both hospitals (GHI and CHO) (p<0.05), the highest occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus (12.6%) was seen in GHI, while an occurrence rate of (24.1%) was recorded at CHO. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile revealed that 8(40%) of the S.aureus isolates were Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). S.aureus showed 100% susceptibility to Tigecycline and it was 100% resistant to Cefoxitin. Therefore, these findings affirmed that there is significant resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from post-operative wounds in health facilities of the Ilorin metropolis.
{"title":"Prevalence and Antibiotics resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from post-operative wounds in secondary health facilities of Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"Oba, A.N., Nuhu, A.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.013","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare-associated infections are of different forms, with Surgical Site Infections (SSI) being the second most common type, they continue to be a relatively common postoperative complications and the most frequent reason for re-admission following surgery. Several data from around the world revealed Staphylococcus aureus to be the leading cause of surgical site infection. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the occurrence and drug resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from post-operative wounds in secondary health facilities within the Ilorin metropolis. With the aid of sterile cotton swabs, a total of hundred and thirty-two (132) wound swab samples were obtained from patients who had been clinically diagnosed with surgical site infection. These samples were processed as per standard microbiological techniques. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated at an occurrence rate of 15.2%. Chi-square analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the number of isolates in relation to both hospitals (GHI and CHO) (p<0.05), the highest occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus (12.6%) was seen in GHI, while an occurrence rate of (24.1%) was recorded at CHO. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile revealed that 8(40%) of the S.aureus isolates were Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). S.aureus showed 100% susceptibility to Tigecycline and it was 100% resistant to Cefoxitin. Therefore, these findings affirmed that there is significant resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from post-operative wounds in health facilities of the Ilorin metropolis. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81743607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad F. E., Daniyan, S. Y, Abalaka, M. E, Gimba U.A.
Medicinal plants are regarded as safe because of their natural origin, nevertheless, they can contain toxic substances that can exert adverse effects. This study aims to evaluate acute and subacute toxicity of Jatropha curcas seed oil using modified Lorke method and 28 days repeated dosing of grouped rats with normal saline and -10, 300, 600 mg/kg body weight of the seed oil. At the end of the experimentation, haematological and biochemical analysis of blood samples and the histopathology of the liver and kidney of rats in each group were evaluated. The Lethal Dose (LD50) of J. curcas seed oil was lower than 5000mg/kg b.wt. Haematological and biochemical analysis showed a dose-dependent decrease in the Hemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume and Red Blood Cells, an increase in the level of Total White Blood Count and Platelet Count, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase, urea and creatinine in the treated groups, while the histological evaluation revealed distortion in liver and kidney cytoarchitecture of rats administered with 600 mg/kg b.wt of the seed oil. The oil was found less toxic at the acute phase but there was toxicity manifestation in subacute phase causing adverse effects on haematological, biochemical parameters and the tissues of the kidney and liver. The study suggests that the seed oil can be used, but caution should be exercised when using it at high doses for prolonged periods.
{"title":"In Vivo Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Jatropha curcas Seed Oil","authors":"Muhammad F. E., Daniyan, S. Y, Abalaka, M. E, Gimba U.A.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.018","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are regarded as safe because of their natural origin, nevertheless, they can contain toxic substances that can exert adverse effects. This study aims to evaluate acute and subacute toxicity of Jatropha curcas seed oil using modified Lorke method and 28 days repeated dosing of grouped rats with normal saline and -10, 300, 600 mg/kg body weight of the seed oil. At the end of the experimentation, haematological and biochemical analysis of blood samples and the histopathology of the liver and kidney of rats in each group were evaluated. The Lethal Dose (LD50) of J. curcas seed oil was lower than 5000mg/kg b.wt. Haematological and biochemical analysis showed a dose-dependent decrease in the Hemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume and Red Blood Cells, an increase in the level of Total White Blood Count and Platelet Count, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase, urea and creatinine in the treated groups, while the histological evaluation revealed distortion in liver and kidney cytoarchitecture of rats administered with 600 mg/kg b.wt of the seed oil. The oil was found less toxic at the acute phase but there was toxicity manifestation in subacute phase causing adverse effects on haematological, biochemical parameters and the tissues of the kidney and liver. The study suggests that the seed oil can be used, but caution should be exercised when using it at high doses for prolonged periods. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"2009 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86253866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oloninefa, S. D, Aisoni, J. E, Alli, A. I, Akomolafe, D. O
The degradation and reduction of the potency of both raw materials and finished pharmaceutical products (FPPs) are of great concern to pharmaceutical industries, making the environmental monitoring of storage areas and production rooms a must. In this study, a one year monthly data for environmental and microbiological monitoring for storage areas (raw materials quarantine room, raw materials approved room, finished product quarantine room and finished product approved room) and production room were collected and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23. The results revealed that the lowest temperature (21.01oC) was obtained from the raw materials approved room. At the same time, the highest (29.50oC) was recorded from the finished product quarantine room. In contrast, the lowest relative humidity of 11.11% was obtained from raw materials quarantine room while raw materials approved room had the highest relative humidity of 33.33%. The results obtained for microbial loads showed that Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa recorded 0.00cfu/ml each. In contrast, the value obtained for total viable aerobic mesophilic bacteria plate count ranges from 0.00-28.67 cfu/ml and fungi range from 0.67-5.00 cfu/mL respectively. The significant difference was determined at p<0.05. However, the results obtained for the temperature, relative humidity and microbial loads were within the stated specifications. This shows that the temperature and relative humidity of the storage areas and the production room were controlled and well monitored in line with the current good manufacturing practice which will eventually positively impact the quality, marketability and stability of raw materials and drug products. Environmental monitoring of storage areas and production room should be highly encouraged in pharmaceutical industries to curb the menace of speedy degradation and loss of potency experienced in raw materials and finished pharmaceutical products.
原料药和制成品(FPPs)的降解和效力降低是制药行业非常关注的问题，因此必须对储存区域和生产车间进行环境监测。本研究采用IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23对存储区域(原料检疫室、原料审定室、成品检疫室和成品审定室)和生产车间一年的月度环境和微生物监测数据进行收集和分析。结果表明，原料审定室的最低温度为21.01oC。同时，最高温度(29.50℃)记录在成品检疫室。原料检疫室相对湿度最低，为11.11%，原料审批室相对湿度最高，为33.33%。微生物负荷结果显示，大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌和铜绿假单胞菌各为0.00cfu/ml。相比之下，获得的总活氧中温细菌平板数分别为0.00-28.67 cfu/ml和真菌为0.67-5.00 cfu/ml。p<0.05为差异有统计学意义。然而，获得的温度、相对湿度和微生物负荷的结果在规定的规范范围内。这表明储存区和生产车间的温度和相对湿度得到了控制，并按照现行的良好生产规范进行了良好的监测，这将最终对原料和药品的质量、适销性和稳定性产生积极影响。制药工业应大力鼓励对储存区和生产车间进行环境监测，以遏制原料和制成品迅速降解和效力丧失的威胁。
{"title":"A One-Year Environmental and Microbiological Monitoring of Storage Areas and Production Room of a Pharmaceutical Industry from Northern Nigeria","authors":"Oloninefa, S. D, Aisoni, J. E, Alli, A. I, Akomolafe, D. O","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2381.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.001","url":null,"abstract":"The degradation and reduction of the potency of both raw materials and finished pharmaceutical products (FPPs) are of great concern to pharmaceutical industries, making the environmental monitoring of storage areas and production rooms a must. In this study, a one year monthly data for environmental and microbiological monitoring for storage areas (raw materials quarantine room, raw materials approved room, finished product quarantine room and finished product approved room) and production room were collected and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23. The results revealed that the lowest temperature (21.01oC) was obtained from the raw materials approved room. At the same time, the highest (29.50oC) was recorded from the finished product quarantine room. In contrast, the lowest relative humidity of 11.11% was obtained from raw materials quarantine room while raw materials approved room had the highest relative humidity of 33.33%. The results obtained for microbial loads showed that Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa recorded 0.00cfu/ml each. In contrast, the value obtained for total viable aerobic mesophilic bacteria plate count ranges from 0.00-28.67 cfu/ml and fungi range from 0.67-5.00 cfu/mL respectively. The significant difference was determined at p<0.05. However, the results obtained for the temperature, relative humidity and microbial loads were within the stated specifications. This shows that the temperature and relative humidity of the storage areas and the production room were controlled and well monitored in line with the current good manufacturing practice which will eventually positively impact the quality, marketability and stability of raw materials and drug products. Environmental monitoring of storage areas and production room should be highly encouraged in pharmaceutical industries to curb the menace of speedy degradation and loss of potency experienced in raw materials and finished pharmaceutical products.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90414880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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