Urinary tract infection during pregnancy including asymptomatic bacteriuria has been associated with some adverse outcomes for the mother and foetus. Studies have shown that pregnant women with urinary tract infections have a significantly higher rate of intra-uterine growth restriction, pre-eclampsia, caesarean and pre-term deliveries. This study was undertaken to determine the occurrence, distribution and antibacterial susceptibility pattern of uropathogens among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a public hospital in Yola. A total of 200 clean catch mid-stream urine samples were collected from pregnant women and inoculated on cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar for bacterial count and isolation of uropathogens. The isolates were also screened for ability to form biofilms using Congo Red Agar method and antibiotic susceptibility test was done on the isolates using agar disk diffusion method. The incidence of UTI among the pregnant women was found to be 90%. The predominant uropathogens were E. coli (46.0%), S. aureus (20.0%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.0%) while the least occurring uropathogen was Proteus sp. (2.0%). Women in the third and first trimester of pregnancy had the highest occurrence of UTI. A total of 47.0% of the isolates produced biofilm in vitro with the highest biofilm production observed among Proteus sp. (75.0%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (60.0%) isolates. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance among the isolates was high, with greater susceptibility observed to quinolone and third generation cephalosporin. The E. coli isolates demonstrated varying levels of resistance to all the antibiotics tested. Because of the gravity of problems of UTI in pregnancy and that 9 in 10 pregnant women from this study have symptomatic or asymptomatic infection, it is concluded that pregnant women should be screened for urinary tract infection during antenatal visits especially during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.
{"title":"Incidence and Antibiogram of Uropathogens Isolated from Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in a Public Hospitalin Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria","authors":"Sale, M., Kwaji M., Wakawa, H. Y.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2272.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2272.014","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infection during pregnancy including asymptomatic bacteriuria has been associated with some adverse outcomes for the mother and foetus. Studies have shown that pregnant women with urinary tract infections have a significantly higher rate of intra-uterine growth restriction, pre-eclampsia, caesarean and pre-term deliveries. This study was undertaken to determine the occurrence, distribution and antibacterial susceptibility pattern of uropathogens among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a public hospital in Yola. A total of 200 clean catch mid-stream urine samples were collected from pregnant women and inoculated on cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar for bacterial count and isolation of uropathogens. The isolates were also screened for ability to form biofilms using Congo Red Agar method and antibiotic susceptibility test was done on the isolates using agar disk diffusion method. The incidence of UTI among the pregnant women was found to be 90%. The predominant uropathogens were E. coli (46.0%), S. aureus (20.0%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.0%) while the least occurring uropathogen was Proteus sp. (2.0%). Women in the third and first trimester of pregnancy had the highest occurrence of UTI. A total of 47.0% of the isolates produced biofilm in vitro with the highest biofilm production observed among Proteus sp. (75.0%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (60.0%) isolates. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance among the isolates was high, with greater susceptibility observed to quinolone and third generation cephalosporin. The E. coli isolates demonstrated varying levels of resistance to all the antibiotics tested. Because of the gravity of problems of UTI in pregnancy and that 9 in 10 pregnant women from this study have symptomatic or asymptomatic infection, it is concluded that pregnant women should be screened for urinary tract infection during antenatal visits especially during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"447 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82907791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khadija Muhammad Lawan, Binta Muhammad Aminu, Abdulrazak Muhammad Hussain, A. Yunusa
The use of traditional and herbal medicine to treat infections has been in practice since the origin of mankind, and it was the only option for treatment before the era of antibiotics. This research work was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity of imported honey against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different wound infections.152Samples from different wounds were obtained from patients with infected wounds attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital and Muhammadu Abdullahi Wase Specialist Hospital, Kano. The isolates were identified and confirmed using biochemical tests. The antibacterial activity of the honey and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the isolates were determined using agar well diffusion and two-fold dilution method respectively. The results to detect MRSA revealed its incidence as 24.9%. The result of the antibacterial activity of honey revealed activity at all the concentrations with the diameter of zones of inhibition ranging from 8-34mm.The two imported honey used in the study showed varied bacteriostatic activities, and none of the isolates was resistant to the tested honeys. Therefore, the antibacterial activity of honey even at lower strength justify their efficacy in the treatment of wound infection.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Imported Honey against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Infected Wounds","authors":"Khadija Muhammad Lawan, Binta Muhammad Aminu, Abdulrazak Muhammad Hussain, A. Yunusa","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2272.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2272.003","url":null,"abstract":"The use of traditional and herbal medicine to treat infections has been in practice since the origin of mankind, and it was the only option for treatment before the era of antibiotics. This research work was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity of imported honey against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different wound infections.152Samples from different wounds were obtained from patients with infected wounds attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital and Muhammadu Abdullahi Wase Specialist Hospital, Kano. The isolates were identified and confirmed using biochemical tests. The antibacterial activity of the honey and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the isolates were determined using agar well diffusion and two-fold dilution method respectively. The results to detect MRSA revealed its incidence as 24.9%. The result of the antibacterial activity of honey revealed activity at all the concentrations with the diameter of zones of inhibition ranging from 8-34mm.The two imported honey used in the study showed varied bacteriostatic activities, and none of the isolates was resistant to the tested honeys. Therefore, the antibacterial activity of honey even at lower strength justify their efficacy in the treatment of wound infection.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76191728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of some antibiotic and disinfectant against airborne bacteria from restaurants. Airborne bacteria were isolated from five different restaurants using open plate method and were characterized using standard microbiological techniques. The susceptibility of the isolates to some antibiotics and disinfectants was determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and well diffusion. The predominant bacteria identified in the air of the restaurants were S. aureus 9 (45%), Micrococcus spp. 5 (25%), Bacillus subtilis 4 (20 %) and P. aeruginosa 2 (10 %). The results showed that the highest and lowest average densities of bacteria for both morning and afternoon release were for 71 and 86 CFU/ m3 and 37 and 46 CFU / m3 respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results revealed that S. aureus was susceptible to Ciprofloxaxin (88.9%), Ampiclox (66.7%), Amoxicillin (66.7%), Rocephin (55.6%) and Gentamycin (55.6%), but resistant to streptomycin and erythromycin. Micrococcus spp was susceptible to Pefloxacin (60%), Erythromycin (100%), Ciprofloxacin (100%), and Streptomycin (80%), but were resistance to Gentamycin, Zinnacet, and Co-trimoxazole. Bacillus subtillis were susceptible to Amoxicillin 4 (100 %), Pefloxacin, Gentamycin, Streptomycin and Ampiclox (50 %), and Zinnacet (75 %), but were resistance to Rocephin, Erythromycin and Co-trimoxazole. P. aeruginosa were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (100%) and Augmentin (50%) but resistant to Gentamycin, Pefloxacin, ofloxacin, streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, Co-trimoxazole, Sparfloxacin, Amoxicilin and Rocephin. All the bacteria species showed multiple drug resistance. Disinfectants (Hypo and Dettol) showed antibacterial activity with varying magnitudes (50-100% concentrations but showed no efficacy at concentrations lower than 25%. The study identifies the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the air of restaurants with varying degree of antimicrobial susceptibilities which may pose a serious health hazard to both students and workers.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of some Antibiotics and Disinfectants against Airborne Bacteria Isolated from Restaurants in Yola","authors":"K. I. Chimbekujwo, S. A. Ya’u, R. D. Raskeb","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2272.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2272.010","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of some antibiotic and disinfectant against airborne bacteria from restaurants. Airborne bacteria were isolated from five different restaurants using open plate method and were characterized using standard microbiological techniques. The susceptibility of the isolates to some antibiotics and disinfectants was determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and well diffusion. The predominant bacteria identified in the air of the restaurants were S. aureus 9 (45%), Micrococcus spp. 5 (25%), Bacillus subtilis 4 (20 %) and P. aeruginosa 2 (10 %). The results showed that the highest and lowest average densities of bacteria for both morning and afternoon release were for 71 and 86 CFU/ m3 and 37 and 46 CFU / m3 respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results revealed that S. aureus was susceptible to Ciprofloxaxin (88.9%), Ampiclox (66.7%), Amoxicillin (66.7%), Rocephin (55.6%) and Gentamycin (55.6%), but resistant to streptomycin and erythromycin. Micrococcus spp was susceptible to Pefloxacin (60%), Erythromycin (100%), Ciprofloxacin (100%), and Streptomycin (80%), but were resistance to Gentamycin, Zinnacet, and Co-trimoxazole. Bacillus subtillis were susceptible to Amoxicillin 4 (100 %), Pefloxacin, Gentamycin, Streptomycin and Ampiclox (50 %), and Zinnacet (75 %), but were resistance to Rocephin, Erythromycin and Co-trimoxazole. P. aeruginosa were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (100%) and Augmentin (50%) but resistant to Gentamycin, Pefloxacin, ofloxacin, streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, Co-trimoxazole, Sparfloxacin, Amoxicilin and Rocephin. All the bacteria species showed multiple drug resistance. Disinfectants (Hypo and Dettol) showed antibacterial activity with varying magnitudes (50-100% concentrations but showed no efficacy at concentrations lower than 25%. The study identifies the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the air of restaurants with varying degree of antimicrobial susceptibilities which may pose a serious health hazard to both students and workers.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73018431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is an ongoing challenge that creates a range of environmental challenges that countries will have to grapple with in the coming decades. Droughts will definitely occur, but climate change has largely exacerbated hydrological trends, making droughts start more rapidly and more intensely. This study looked at the measures and tactics used in South Africa, Australia, Mexico, Spain, and the United States to lessen the effects of drought. Adapting to climate change offers an opportunity to rethink some of the outstanding issues of tragedy reduction and ecosystem growth. This helps mitigate future climate change impacts and embrace options for such adaptation to climate change. The main impacts of climate change on drought vulnerability are public-based awareness-raising, revised timeframes and drought forecasting approaches, improved preparedness with a focus on drought monitoring and the creation of early warning systems, and all similar preparations are combined at the input level. Moreover, reactive approaches to drought remain prevalent in many countries, despite emergency funding being expensive, ineffective and failing to address long-term sources of vulnerability and lack of support. There is therefore an urgent need for a paradigm shift from crisis management to risk management, adopting a proactive approach based on standard risk mitigation and prevention. Additional efforts to embed local adaptation strategies into policies may increase local resilience to environmental change while contributing to broader development goals.
{"title":"Importance of Climate Change Adaptation in Drought Mitigation: A Review","authors":"Gana, A. H., Sa’id, A. I.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2272.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2272.006","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is an ongoing challenge that creates a range of environmental challenges that countries will have to grapple with in the coming decades. Droughts will definitely occur, but climate change has largely exacerbated hydrological trends, making droughts start more rapidly and more intensely. This study looked at the measures and tactics used in South Africa, Australia, Mexico, Spain, and the United States to lessen the effects of drought. Adapting to climate change offers an opportunity to rethink some of the outstanding issues of tragedy reduction and ecosystem growth. This helps mitigate future climate change impacts and embrace options for such adaptation to climate change. The main impacts of climate change on drought vulnerability are public-based awareness-raising, revised timeframes and drought forecasting approaches, improved preparedness with a focus on drought monitoring and the creation of early warning systems, and all similar preparations are combined at the input level. Moreover, reactive approaches to drought remain prevalent in many countries, despite emergency funding being expensive, ineffective and failing to address long-term sources of vulnerability and lack of support. There is therefore an urgent need for a paradigm shift from crisis management to risk management, adopting a proactive approach based on standard risk mitigation and prevention. Additional efforts to embed local adaptation strategies into policies may increase local resilience to environmental change while contributing to broader development goals.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"220 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80214188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aisha, A. S, Bukar, A., Abdulkadir, B., Abdul, N. A, Salima, A. S., Isa, I. A.
Foods are not only intended to placate hunger and supply essential nutrients but also to prevent the nutrition-related diseases and to improve physiological and mental wellbeing of consumers. This led to the development of probiotic foods. Probiotics are said to be live microorganisms which when adequately (106/107 CFU/mL) administered confer health benefits to the host. Probiotic drinks both dairy and non-dairy have been found to be carriers of these organisms to their site of action. This research aims at determining the survivability of probiotic lactic acid bacteria in some locally produced drinks. The isolation of the organisms from yoghurt and “nono” were conducted using cultural methods and further characterized using biochemical tests. Cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), cellular auto-aggregation assays (CAA), hemolytic activities, bile salt and NaCl tolerance test were conducted to determine the probiotic properties of the organisms. The survivability of the organisms was evaluated after standardizing the inoculum using 0.5 McFarland standard and then serial dilution, plating and counting of visible colonies. Results were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS software version 20.0. Out of the ten isolated and biochemically characterized lactic acid bacteria, three Lactobacillus species showed probiotic status, with CSH values of (79%, 75.2% and 91.3%) and CAA index of (79.3%, 74% and 83.5%), respectively, however there is no statistically significant difference between the CAA and CSH values of the isolates (p = 0.13 and p = 0.5, respectively), which indicates that all the isolates had approximately equal probiotic capabilities. “Kunun zaki” showed the highest survivability rate with the probiotic status being maintained for three days, and counts ranging from 1.4 to 1.05 x 106 CFU/mL; whereas “zobo” showed the least duration as a probiotic (one day, and a count of 1.16 x 106 CFU/mL. There is a significant difference (p=0.02) in the growth of the organisms over the incubation period (5 days), however, there is no significant difference (p=0.82) between the growth of the organisms growing on different drinks, indicating that time after incubation is the critical determinant of probiotic status, and that the isolates can grow equally well in all the drinks tested. This research reported the isolation of Lactobacillus species confirmed to be probiotics from yoghurt and “nono”. Enumeration of probiotic LAB in all the drinks revealed the drinks were probiotic containing 106 CFU/mL for two (2) days with the exception of “Kunun zaki” that reached up to three (3) days as a probiotic drink. The pH level of all the drinks decreased and the drinks became acidic (pH range 6.0-1.8).
{"title":"Determination of Survivability of Some Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria in Some Locally Produced Drinks","authors":"Aisha, A. S, Bukar, A., Abdulkadir, B., Abdul, N. A, Salima, A. S., Isa, I. A.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2272.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2272.015","url":null,"abstract":"Foods are not only intended to placate hunger and supply essential nutrients but also to prevent the nutrition-related diseases and to improve physiological and mental wellbeing of consumers. This led to the development of probiotic foods. Probiotics are said to be live microorganisms which when adequately (106/107 CFU/mL) administered confer health benefits to the host. Probiotic drinks both dairy and non-dairy have been found to be carriers of these organisms to their site of action. This research aims at determining the survivability of probiotic lactic acid bacteria in some locally produced drinks. The isolation of the organisms from yoghurt and “nono” were conducted using cultural methods and further characterized using biochemical tests. Cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), cellular auto-aggregation assays (CAA), hemolytic activities, bile salt and NaCl tolerance test were conducted to determine the probiotic properties of the organisms. The survivability of the organisms was evaluated after standardizing the inoculum using 0.5 McFarland standard and then serial dilution, plating and counting of visible colonies. Results were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS software version 20.0. Out of the ten isolated and biochemically characterized lactic acid bacteria, three Lactobacillus species showed probiotic status, with CSH values of (79%, 75.2% and 91.3%) and CAA index of (79.3%, 74% and 83.5%), respectively, however there is no statistically significant difference between the CAA and CSH values of the isolates (p = 0.13 and p = 0.5, respectively), which indicates that all the isolates had approximately equal probiotic capabilities. “Kunun zaki” showed the highest survivability rate with the probiotic status being maintained for three days, and counts ranging from 1.4 to 1.05 x 106 CFU/mL; whereas “zobo” showed the least duration as a probiotic (one day, and a count of 1.16 x 106 CFU/mL. There is a significant difference (p=0.02) in the growth of the organisms over the incubation period (5 days), however, there is no significant difference (p=0.82) between the growth of the organisms growing on different drinks, indicating that time after incubation is the critical determinant of probiotic status, and that the isolates can grow equally well in all the drinks tested. This research reported the isolation of Lactobacillus species confirmed to be probiotics from yoghurt and “nono”. Enumeration of probiotic LAB in all the drinks revealed the drinks were probiotic containing 106 CFU/mL for two (2) days with the exception of “Kunun zaki” that reached up to three (3) days as a probiotic drink. The pH level of all the drinks decreased and the drinks became acidic (pH range 6.0-1.8).","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89811924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shehu, Ashraf Muhammad, U. Sharif, R. B. Tijjani, S. Nura
The practice of vending water in plastic jerry cans for domestic use has become a major source of household drinking water in Zaria due to inadequate pipe-borne water. The unhygienic practice of the water vendors and poor sanitary condition of the jerry cans and the water sources are of public health concern. Accordingly, this research was conducted to examine the bacteriological quality of vended water from jerry cans in Zaria city, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Water samples from five different vendors from twenty different locations were collected and used for isolation and enumeration of bacterial loads. The isolation and biochemical characterizations of the isolates revealed the presence of seven genera represented by eight bacterial species namely: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Corynebacterium sp, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter freundi and Bacillus subtilis. Escherichia coli is the most predominant bacterial species among the vended water samples (44.44%) followed by S. typhi (18.52%) while Proteus mirabilis, Corynebacterium sp and Citrobacter freundi are the least prevalent with 3.70%. Most of the identified bacterial species in the samples were pathogenic. More so, the bacterial loads associated with the jerry cans water ranged between 1.0x106–8.0x106 CFU/mL from the plates count which is above WHO standard limit of ˂1.0x101 CFU/mL. It was therefore inferred that the bacterial counts associated with the jerry cans can pose public health risk. Proper sanitation and orientation on personal hygiene to the vendors are urgently needed. Keywords: Bacteria, Drinking Water, Jerry cans, Permissible limit, Zaria
{"title":"Assessment of Bacteriological Quality of Vended Water in Jerry Cans for Domestic Use in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Shehu, Ashraf Muhammad, U. Sharif, R. B. Tijjani, S. Nura","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.003","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of vending water in plastic jerry cans for domestic use has become a major source of household drinking water in Zaria due to inadequate pipe-borne water. The unhygienic practice of the water vendors and poor sanitary condition of the jerry cans and the water sources are of public health concern. Accordingly, this research was conducted to examine the bacteriological quality of vended water from jerry cans in Zaria city, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Water samples from five different vendors from twenty different locations were collected and used for isolation and enumeration of bacterial loads. The isolation and biochemical characterizations of the isolates revealed the presence of seven genera represented by eight bacterial species namely: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Corynebacterium sp, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter freundi and Bacillus subtilis. Escherichia coli is the most predominant bacterial species among the vended water samples (44.44%) followed by S. typhi (18.52%) while Proteus mirabilis, Corynebacterium sp and Citrobacter freundi are the least prevalent with 3.70%. Most of the identified bacterial species in the samples were pathogenic. More so, the bacterial loads associated with the jerry cans water ranged between 1.0x106–8.0x106 CFU/mL from the plates count which is above WHO standard limit of ˂1.0x101 CFU/mL. It was therefore inferred that the bacterial counts associated with the jerry cans can pose public health risk. Proper sanitation and orientation on personal hygiene to the vendors are urgently needed. Keywords: Bacteria, Drinking Water, Jerry cans, Permissible limit, Zaria","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77271636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Onuoha, M. A. Mbahi, M. D. Mshelbila, J. U Ewansiha
Groundnut paste is frequently associated with food-borne illness due to contamination traceable to food handlers, processing materials as well as environmental conditions and this therefore necessitated the microbiological quality examination of groundnut paste. The percentage occurrence of bacteria isolates and moisture content were determined using standard laboratory techniques. The percentage moisture content of the groundnut pastes was between the range of 0.8% and 4.8%. Total bacteria count fell between 1.8 ×1014 and 12.4 × 1014CFU/mL with organisms such as Proteus species (spp.), Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Stapylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Alcaligenes faecalis and Enterobacter spp. isolated. Total fungal count was between 2×107 and 4×107CFU/mL with identified organisms such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus spp. and Penicillium spp. Proteus spp. was the most prevalent with a percentage of 19.23 % while Escherichia coli, Alcaligenes faecalis and Enterobacter spp. showed the least prevalence of 3.85%. The results also show that fungi species spreads across all the samples with Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus obtained in two of the samples, Rhizopus spp. in three other samples while Penicillum spp. were obtained in four samples. It is apparent from the result of this study that the groundnut paste examined were highly contaminated with microbial isolates sufficient enough to be a public health hazard in Jimeta markets and Adamawa State at large, therefore caution must be applied in its uses and consumption. Keywords: Groundnut paste; Food; Contamination; Bacteria; Fungi; Percentage occurrence.
{"title":"Microbiological Assessment of Groundnut Paste Sold in Jimeta Markets, Yola, Adamawa State Nigeria","authors":"C. Onuoha, M. A. Mbahi, M. D. Mshelbila, J. U Ewansiha","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.004","url":null,"abstract":"Groundnut paste is frequently associated with food-borne illness due to contamination traceable to food handlers, processing materials as well as environmental conditions and this therefore necessitated the microbiological quality examination of groundnut paste. The percentage occurrence of bacteria isolates and moisture content were determined using standard laboratory techniques. The percentage moisture content of the groundnut pastes was between the range of 0.8% and 4.8%. Total bacteria count fell between 1.8 ×1014 and 12.4 × 1014CFU/mL with organisms such as Proteus species (spp.), Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Stapylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Alcaligenes faecalis and Enterobacter spp. isolated. Total fungal count was between 2×107 and 4×107CFU/mL with identified organisms such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus spp. and Penicillium spp. Proteus spp. was the most prevalent with a percentage of 19.23 % while Escherichia coli, Alcaligenes faecalis and Enterobacter spp. showed the least prevalence of 3.85%. The results also show that fungi species spreads across all the samples with Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus obtained in two of the samples, Rhizopus spp. in three other samples while Penicillum spp. were obtained in four samples. It is apparent from the result of this study that the groundnut paste examined were highly contaminated with microbial isolates sufficient enough to be a public health hazard in Jimeta markets and Adamawa State at large, therefore caution must be applied in its uses and consumption. Keywords: Groundnut paste; Food; Contamination; Bacteria; Fungi; Percentage occurrence.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81827157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Enterovirus (EV-71) co-infection among Hepatitis A, B and C virus has become a global co-mortality. This research determined enteroviruses (EV-71) co-infection profile among HAV, HBV and HCV positive individuals within internally displaced persons camps Abuja, Nigeria. A descriptive cross sectional research design was adopted where blood samples from 450 respondents were collected within the three camps and screened for the presence of Hepatitis A, B and C. Positive samples were further assayed for co-infection with Enterovirus-71 using Rapid Strip RT-PCR Amplification of 16sRNA for Enterovirus 71(EV71). The data were analyzed using the SPSS Version 22.1 Software. The results revealed that out of the 450 studied subjects 11 (2.4%) were HAV positive, 42 (9.3%) were HBV positive and 33 (7.3%) were HCV positive. Only 1 (0.2%) subject was found to be co-infected with HAV/EV-71. The prevalence of hepatitis among the studied subjects was found to differ significantly among males and females (P=0.001), among various age groups (P=0.001) and among various occupation (P=0.001). The study reports low rate of Enterovirus-71 among hepatitis (A, B, and C) positive individuals living within Abuja internally displaced persons camps. The study recommends routine screening of internally displaced individuals for the presence of hepatitis virus and EV-71 for early diagnosis and possible adoption of management and control measures that may include vaccination of infected individuals.
肠病毒(EV-71)合并感染甲型、乙型和丙型肝炎病毒已成为全球性的共同死亡率。本研究确定了尼日利亚阿布贾境内流离失所者营地内甲肝病毒、乙型肝炎病毒和丙肝病毒阳性个体的肠道病毒(EV-71)联合感染情况。采用描述性横断面研究设计，从三个营地中收集450名受访者的血液样本，筛选甲型、乙型和丙型肝炎的存在。阳性样本使用肠病毒71型(EV71) 16sRNA快速条带RT-PCR扩增进一步检测是否与肠病毒71型合并感染。采用SPSS Version 22.1软件对数据进行分析。结果显示，在450名研究对象中，HAV阳性11人(2.4%)，HBV阳性42人(9.3%)，HCV阳性33人(7.3%)。仅有1例(0.2%)被发现同时感染HAV/EV-71。研究对象的肝炎患病率在男性和女性(P=0.001)、不同年龄组(P=0.001)和不同职业(P=0.001)之间存在显著差异。研究报告称，生活在阿布贾境内流离失所者营地内的甲型、乙型和丙型肝炎阳性个体中肠病毒71型感染率较低。该研究建议对国内流离失所者进行常规筛查，以确定是否存在肝炎病毒和EV-71型病毒，以便进行早期诊断，并可能采取管理和控制措施，其中可能包括为受感染个体接种疫苗。
{"title":"Co-Infection Status of Enterovirus among Hepatitis (A, B, and C) Positive Individual Living within Abuja Internally Displaced Persons Camps","authors":"Fadason D. T., A. A. M., M. J","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.001","url":null,"abstract":"The Enterovirus (EV-71) co-infection among Hepatitis A, B and C virus has become a global co-mortality. This research determined enteroviruses (EV-71) co-infection profile among HAV, HBV and HCV positive individuals within internally displaced persons camps Abuja, Nigeria. A descriptive cross sectional research design was adopted where blood samples from 450 respondents were collected within the three camps and screened for the presence of Hepatitis A, B and C. Positive samples were further assayed for co-infection with Enterovirus-71 using Rapid Strip RT-PCR Amplification of 16sRNA for Enterovirus 71(EV71). The data were analyzed using the SPSS Version 22.1 Software. The results revealed that out of the 450 studied subjects 11 (2.4%) were HAV positive, 42 (9.3%) were HBV positive and 33 (7.3%) were HCV positive. Only 1 (0.2%) subject was found to be co-infected with HAV/EV-71. The prevalence of hepatitis among the studied subjects was found to differ significantly among males and females (P=0.001), among various age groups (P=0.001) and among various occupation (P=0.001). The study reports low rate of Enterovirus-71 among hepatitis (A, B, and C) positive individuals living within Abuja internally displaced persons camps. The study recommends routine screening of internally displaced individuals for the presence of hepatitis virus and EV-71 for early diagnosis and possible adoption of management and control measures that may include vaccination of infected individuals.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88691862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to detect the presence of urinary schistosomiasis, the associated risk factors and its impact on blood parameters among Almajiris in two selected rural communities of Kaduna State. Urine samples were collected from 193 Almajiri subjects and processed by sedimentation method and examined under the microscope. Blood samples were also collected from the subjects and processed using SWELAB auto analyser for full blood count. A well-structured knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaire was administered to the subjects and used to obtain demographic and other associated risk factors. The overall prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in the 2 study areas was 16.1%. Bomo recorded 17.5% while Rafin Guza recorded 22.9% prevalence respectively. Subjects in the age-group 11-16 years had a higher prevalence of 33% (p<0.05). Among the risk’s factors assessed, subjects that visit the stream for swimming and used well water recorded a higher prevalence of (33.7%) and (17.2%) respectively (p<0.05). Awareness about the disease revealed higher prevalence (p<0.05). Prevalence of the infection among the subjects was also found to be significantly associated with White blood cell (WBC) count, Lymphocyte and monocyte count (p<0.05). The present study identified the study areas to represent moderate–risk community for urinary schistosomiasis. The study advocates the use of mass treatment with Praziquantel to help in reducing the infection level and help to control transmission of the disease. Keyword: Urinary schistosomiasis, risk factors, haematological parameters
{"title":"Detection of Urinary schistosomiasis, the associated risk factors, and its impact on blood parameters among Almajiris in two selected rural communities of Kaduna State","authors":"H. Balla, H. Inabo, S. Olonitola","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.013","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to detect the presence of urinary schistosomiasis, the associated risk factors and its impact on blood parameters among Almajiris in two selected rural communities of Kaduna State. Urine samples were collected from 193 Almajiri subjects and processed by sedimentation method and examined under the microscope. Blood samples were also collected from the subjects and processed using SWELAB auto analyser for full blood count. A well-structured knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaire was administered to the subjects and used to obtain demographic and other associated risk factors. The overall prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in the 2 study areas was 16.1%. Bomo recorded 17.5% while Rafin Guza recorded 22.9% prevalence respectively. Subjects in the age-group 11-16 years had a higher prevalence of 33% (p<0.05). Among the risk’s factors assessed, subjects that visit the stream for swimming and used well water recorded a higher prevalence of (33.7%) and (17.2%) respectively (p<0.05). Awareness about the disease revealed higher prevalence (p<0.05). Prevalence of the infection among the subjects was also found to be significantly associated with White blood cell (WBC) count, Lymphocyte and monocyte count (p<0.05). The present study identified the study areas to represent moderate–risk community for urinary schistosomiasis. The study advocates the use of mass treatment with Praziquantel to help in reducing the infection level and help to control transmission of the disease. Keyword: Urinary schistosomiasis, risk factors, haematological parameters","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85324452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. H. Yusuf, V. M. Dan, Y. Magaji, G. B. Onwumere, E. Emmanuel
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the body does not produce enough or respond normally to insulin, causing blood sugar (glucose) levels to be abnormally high. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of Andrographis paniculata leaf and stem bark extracts in management of Alloxan induced diabetes Wistar rats. Fifty (50) Wistar rats were divided into eight groups, namely; group A (normal control), B, C, D, E, F, G and H (treatment groups). The study was conducted for four (4) weeks by measuring blood glucose levels in first four weeks. The result showed that the diabetic rats administered with 500mg/kg of aqueous leaf extract and 250mg/kg of stem bark extract were significantly lower than those of untreated control groups. However, the combined dose of 250mg/kg aqueous leaf and 250mg/kg stem extracts were not significantly different from untreated control group. Findings of the study have demonstrated that leaves and stem extract of A. paniculata exhibited significant blood sugar lowering property in Alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats. Keywords: Andrographis paniculata; Blood sugar; Diabetes mellitus; Wistar rat
{"title":"Antidiabetic Properties of Aqueous Leaf and Stem Extracts of Andrographis paniculata on Alloxan Induced Diabetes in Wistar Rats","authors":"Z. H. Yusuf, V. M. Dan, Y. Magaji, G. B. Onwumere, E. Emmanuel","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2271.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.010","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the body does not produce enough or respond normally to insulin, causing blood sugar (glucose) levels to be abnormally high. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of Andrographis paniculata leaf and stem bark extracts in management of Alloxan induced diabetes Wistar rats. Fifty (50) Wistar rats were divided into eight groups, namely; group A (normal control), B, C, D, E, F, G and H (treatment groups). The study was conducted for four (4) weeks by measuring blood glucose levels in first four weeks. The result showed that the diabetic rats administered with 500mg/kg of aqueous leaf extract and 250mg/kg of stem bark extract were significantly lower than those of untreated control groups. However, the combined dose of 250mg/kg aqueous leaf and 250mg/kg stem extracts were not significantly different from untreated control group. Findings of the study have demonstrated that leaves and stem extract of A. paniculata exhibited significant blood sugar lowering property in Alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats. Keywords: Andrographis paniculata; Blood sugar; Diabetes mellitus; Wistar rat","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"126 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91548665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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