Ultrasonics最新文献

Defect localization in heterogeneous plate structures using the geometric phase change – index of Lamb waves

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107654

Guangdong Zhang , Tribikram Kundu , Pierre A. Deymier , Keith Runge

Defect localization in homogeneous structures using ultrasonic waves is relatively easy to implement. However, locating defects in heterogeneous structures made of different materials can be challenging. This is because complicated reflections, refractions and scatterings occur when ultrasonic waves pass through the interfaces between two dissimilar materials of the heterogeneous structures. To address this issue, a localization methodology based on geometric phase change – index (GPC-I), derived from topological acoustic (TA) sensing, is proposed to adapt to the complicated scenarios when defects are present in heterogeneous plate structures. The GPC-I is adopted as the damage index (DI) to present the possibility of defects appearing on different acoustic sensing paths. A maximum peak value-dependent threshold in GPC-I plots (GPC-I vs. sensor sites) is defined to filter out unreliable sensing paths resulting from the heterogeneity. Different sensing modes (I and II) are combined to comprehensively provide a more reliable and accurate localization framework. Numerical modeling carried out by Abaqus/CAE software verifies the proposed GPC-I based localization technique. Comparison results among GPC-I and other two commonly used acoustic parameters—wave velocity differences (VD) and amplitude ratio (AR) (or wave attenuation) show that the GPC-I has superiority with higher sensitivity and stability for defect localization. This work can provide promising guidance for localizing defects in complex heterogeneous plate structures used in real-world engineering applications.

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引用次数: 0

Spatial evolution of broadband Rayleigh waves indicative of material state

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107640

Seyed Hamidreza Afzalimir, Maryam Ghodousi, Cliff J. Lissenden

Laser ultrasound is well suited to monitor metal additive manufacturing processes. Pulse laser-generated Rayleigh waveforms evolve with propagation distance due to material nonlinearity, making them a powerful tool for nondestructive evaluation, particularly for assessing microstructure. Unlike narrow-band Rayleigh waves, where the relative acoustic nonlinearity parameter is commonly used to evaluate material degradation, a pulse laser generates broadband unsymmetrical V-shaped waveforms whose spatial evolution we have characterized by a steepness parameter. Thermal aging precipitates multiple phases (including

γ^{'}

and

γ^{''}

) in Inconel718 samples that we documented by X-ray diffraction. These precipitates are associated with increased material nonlinearity. Comparing waveform spatial evolution, through changes in steepness, in samples before and after thermal aging revealed significant sensitivity to the material state. Thus, the technique has strong potential to provide unique insight into a material’s microstructure and the mechanical properties dictated by that microstructure.

{"title":"Spatial evolution of broadband Rayleigh waves indicative of material state","authors":"Seyed Hamidreza Afzalimir, Maryam Ghodousi, Cliff J. Lissenden","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser ultrasound is well suited to monitor metal additive manufacturing processes. Pulse laser-generated Rayleigh waveforms evolve with propagation distance due to material nonlinearity, making them a powerful tool for nondestructive evaluation, particularly for assessing microstructure. Unlike narrow-band Rayleigh waves, where the relative acoustic nonlinearity parameter is commonly used to evaluate material degradation, a pulse laser generates broadband unsymmetrical V-shaped waveforms whose spatial evolution we have characterized by a steepness parameter. Thermal aging precipitates multiple phases (including <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> and <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>) in Inconel718 samples that we documented by X-ray diffraction. These precipitates are associated with increased material nonlinearity. Comparing waveform spatial evolution, through changes in steepness, in samples before and after thermal aging revealed significant sensitivity to the material state. Thus, the technique has strong potential to provide unique insight into a material’s microstructure and the mechanical properties dictated by that microstructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An improved D-S evidence fusion algorithm for sub-area collaborative guided wave damage monitoring of large-scale structures

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107644

Yuelin Du , Hongmei Ning , Yehai Li , Qiao Bao , Qiang Wang

Due to the development of new materials and advanced manufacturing technologies, the application of large-scale composite structures has become increasingly widespread. Ensuring the safe and stable operation of such structures presents new challenges across various application domains. Addressing the limitations of existing guided wave structural health monitoring methods for online damage monitoring in large-scale structures, such as cumbersome equipment setup, insufficient signals coverage, and difficulties in processing massive data, a method for sub-area collaborative guided-wave-based structural damage monitoring and severity assessment based on sparse sensing is proposed. By employing a sparse sensing array layout, the structure is divided into multiple monitoring sub-areas with arranged sensing arrays to reduce overall complexity. The characteristic responses of the guided wave signals from different sub-areas are extracted to construct feature sub-spaces. Support vector machines are adopted to construct evaluation sub-networks in each feature sub-space, enabling regional monitoring. Additionally, an improved D-S evidence fusion algorithm is applied to fuse the decision-layer inputs from each evaluation sub-network, effectively utilizing the feature information from multiple sub-areas and enhancing the accuracy of damage severity assessment for large-scale structures. Experimental results on typical composite structure specimens demonstrate that by fusing the support vector machine evaluation results from each sub-area, the accuracy of damage severity assessment reaches 97.5%, with uncertainties in the severity assessment below 5%.

{"title":"An improved D-S evidence fusion algorithm for sub-area collaborative guided wave damage monitoring of large-scale structures","authors":"Yuelin Du , Hongmei Ning , Yehai Li , Qiao Bao , Qiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the development of new materials and advanced manufacturing technologies, the application of large-scale composite structures has become increasingly widespread. Ensuring the safe and stable operation of such structures presents new challenges across various application domains. Addressing the limitations of existing guided wave structural health monitoring methods for online damage monitoring in large-scale structures, such as cumbersome equipment setup, insufficient signals coverage, and difficulties in processing massive data, a method for sub-area collaborative guided-wave-based structural damage monitoring and severity assessment based on sparse sensing is proposed. By employing a sparse sensing array layout, the structure is divided into multiple monitoring sub-areas with arranged sensing arrays to reduce overall complexity. The characteristic responses of the guided wave signals from different sub-areas are extracted to construct feature sub-spaces. Support vector machines are adopted to construct evaluation sub-networks in each feature sub-space, enabling regional monitoring. Additionally, an improved D-S evidence fusion algorithm is applied to fuse the decision-layer inputs from each evaluation sub-network, effectively utilizing the feature information from multiple sub-areas and enhancing the accuracy of damage severity assessment for large-scale structures. Experimental results on typical composite structure specimens demonstrate that by fusing the support vector machine evaluation results from each sub-area, the accuracy of damage severity assessment reaches 97.5%, with uncertainties in the severity assessment below 5%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Utilization of fullerenes nanoparticles for ultrasound applications in developing a high-efficiency acoustic emission source

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107634

Huanhuan Yin, Zhihua Shao, Xueguang Qiao

Fullerenes have exhibited excellent performance in solar cells, electric transducer and catalysts. The rather high absorption coefficient, combined with its low specific heat capacity, as well as hydrophobicity and antioxidant, are key features for applications in acoustic emission (AE), which has never been reported. Here, we fabricate and characterize a flexible an AE source based on the fullerenes-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite. By controlling the composite concentration or thickness, the center frequency can be changed in laser ultrasound excitation. The assembled transducer simultaneously achieves relatively wide frequency range (10-dB bandwidth

>

10 MHz) and efficient laser ultrasound conversion

(1.13 \times 1 0^{- 2})

. The mechanical robustness of the AE source is also quantitatively characterized in water. Notably, compared to graphene nano-flakes, the fullerenes exhibit a more than threefold increase in excitation amplitude. Owing to high-intensity ultrasound excitation of the fullerenes-PDMS composite, the structure characteristics of centimeter-scaled physical models are clearly resolved by irradiating the material as a laser-ultrasound source. To construct a compact fiber-optic exciter, the fullerenes-PDMS film is additionally applied to a fiber end via dip coating. The findings suggest that fullerenes possess significant competitive advantages as a high-efficiency AE source in the field of ultrasound applications.

{"title":"Utilization of fullerenes nanoparticles for ultrasound applications in developing a high-efficiency acoustic emission source","authors":"Huanhuan Yin, Zhihua Shao, Xueguang Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fullerenes have exhibited excellent performance in solar cells, electric transducer and catalysts. The rather high absorption coefficient, combined with its low specific heat capacity, as well as hydrophobicity and antioxidant, are key features for applications in acoustic emission (AE), which has never been reported. Here, we fabricate and characterize a flexible an AE source based on the fullerenes-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite. By controlling the composite concentration or thickness, the center frequency can be changed in laser ultrasound excitation. The assembled transducer simultaneously achieves relatively wide frequency range (10-dB bandwidth<span><math><mo>></mo></math></span>10 MHz) and efficient laser ultrasound conversion <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>13</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. The mechanical robustness of the AE source is also quantitatively characterized in water. Notably, compared to graphene nano-flakes, the fullerenes exhibit a more than threefold increase in excitation amplitude. Owing to high-intensity ultrasound excitation of the fullerenes-PDMS composite, the structure characteristics of centimeter-scaled physical models are clearly resolved by irradiating the material as a laser-ultrasound source. To construct a compact fiber-optic exciter, the fullerenes-PDMS film is additionally applied to a fiber end via dip coating. The findings suggest that fullerenes possess significant competitive advantages as a high-efficiency AE source in the field of ultrasound applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrasonic scattering in polycrystalline materials with elongated grains: A comparative 3D and 2D theoretical and numerical analysis

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107642

Juan Camilo Victoria-Giraldo , Bing Tie , Jérôme Laurent , Alain Lhémery , Denis Solas

In this paper, a previously developed theoretical model for the ultrasonic elastic wave scattering, based on the Stanke and Kino model and applicable to both 2D and 3D single-phase untextured polycrystals, is extended to microstructures with elongated grains. The effect of elongated grains on wave attenuation and phase velocity induced by scattering is investigated, highlighting similarities and discrepancies between the 2D and 3D cases. Additionally, 2D and 3D finite element (FE) models are developed to compare and validate the theoretical predictions under fixed assumptions. The morphology of the numerical polycrystalline samples is characterized using a multi-exponential two-point correlation (TPC) function which, when incorporated with the theoretical model, enables a more direct and accurate comparison. The FE models demonstrate excellent quantitative agreement with the theoretical predictions and, moreover, support the wave propagation’s directional dependency in the stochastic scattering region and the 2D-3D dimensionality dissimilarities in the Rayleigh region. It is shown that 2D attenuation can predict 3D behavior in the stochastic limit and provide insights into the estimation of 3D grain morphology in the Rayleigh limit.

{"title":"Ultrasonic scattering in polycrystalline materials with elongated grains: A comparative 3D and 2D theoretical and numerical analysis","authors":"Juan Camilo Victoria-Giraldo , Bing Tie , Jérôme Laurent , Alain Lhémery , Denis Solas","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a previously developed theoretical model for the ultrasonic elastic wave scattering, based on the Stanke and Kino model and applicable to both 2D and 3D single-phase untextured polycrystals, is extended to microstructures with elongated grains. The effect of elongated grains on wave attenuation and phase velocity induced by scattering is investigated, highlighting similarities and discrepancies between the 2D and 3D cases. Additionally, 2D and 3D finite element (FE) models are developed to compare and validate the theoretical predictions under fixed assumptions. The morphology of the numerical polycrystalline samples is characterized using a multi-exponential two-point correlation (TPC) function which, when incorporated with the theoretical model, enables a more direct and accurate comparison. The FE models demonstrate excellent quantitative agreement with the theoretical predictions and, moreover, support the wave propagation’s directional dependency in the stochastic scattering region and the 2D-3D dimensionality dissimilarities in the Rayleigh region. It is shown that 2D attenuation can predict 3D behavior in the stochastic limit and provide insights into the estimation of 3D grain morphology in the Rayleigh limit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal principal component and measurement interval selection for PCA reconstruction-based anomaly detection in uncontrolled structural health monitoring

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107632

Kang Yang , Kang Gao , Junkai Zhou , Chao Gao , Tingsong Xiao , Harsha Vardhan Tetali , Joel B. Harley

PCA reconstruction-based techniques are widely used in guided wave structural health monitoring to facilitate unsupervised damage detection. The measurement interval of collecting evaluation data significantly influences the correlation among the data points, impacting principal component values and, consequently, the accuracy of damage detection. Despite its importance, there has been limited research on the selection of suitable components and measurement intervals to reduce false alarms. This paper seeks to develop strategies for identifying the optimal number of principal components and measurement intervals for PCA reconstruction-based damage detection methods. Our results indicate that the patterns of change in reconstruction coefficients, based on the number of components used in PCA reconstruction and the measurement interval for collecting evaluation data, are effective indicators for determining the optimal principal components and measurement intervals for damage detection, without using any damage information. The effectiveness of the indicators for determining optimal components and measurement intervals is validated using evaluation sets collected under uncontrolled and dynamic monitoring conditions, with measurement intervals ranging from 86 to 8600 s per measurement.

{"title":"Optimal principal component and measurement interval selection for PCA reconstruction-based anomaly detection in uncontrolled structural health monitoring","authors":"Kang Yang , Kang Gao , Junkai Zhou , Chao Gao , Tingsong Xiao , Harsha Vardhan Tetali , Joel B. Harley","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PCA reconstruction-based techniques are widely used in guided wave structural health monitoring to facilitate unsupervised damage detection. The measurement interval of collecting evaluation data significantly influences the correlation among the data points, impacting principal component values and, consequently, the accuracy of damage detection. Despite its importance, there has been limited research on the selection of suitable components and measurement intervals to reduce false alarms. This paper seeks to develop strategies for identifying the optimal number of principal components and measurement intervals for PCA reconstruction-based damage detection methods. Our results indicate that the patterns of change in reconstruction coefficients, based on the number of components used in PCA reconstruction and the measurement interval for collecting evaluation data, are effective indicators for determining the optimal principal components and measurement intervals for damage detection, without using any damage information. The effectiveness of the indicators for determining optimal components and measurement intervals is validated using evaluation sets collected under uncontrolled and dynamic monitoring conditions, with measurement intervals ranging from 86 to 8600 s per measurement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the use of a Transformer Neural Network to deconvolve ultrasonic signals

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107639

T. Sendra, P. Belanger

Pulse-echo ultrasonic techniques play a crucial role in assessing wall thickness deterioration in safety-critical industries. Current approaches face limitations with low signal-to-noise ratios, weak echoes, or vague echo patterns typical of heavily corroded profiles. This study proposes a novel combination of Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) and Transformer Neural Networks (TNN) to improve thickness gauging accuracy for complex geometries and echo patterns. Recognizing the strength of TNN in language processing and speech recognition, the proposed network comprises three modules: 1. pre-processing CNN, 2. a Transformer model and 3. a post-processing CNN. Two datasets, one being simulation-generated, and the other, experimentally gathered from a corroded carbon steel staircase specimen, support the training and testing processes. Results indicate that the proposed model outperforms other AI architectures and traditional methods, providing a 5.45% improvement over CNN architectures from NDE literature, a 1.81% improvement over ResNet-50, and a 17.5% improvement compared to conventional thresholding techniques in accurately detecting depths with a precision under 0.5

λ

.

{"title":"On the use of a Transformer Neural Network to deconvolve ultrasonic signals","authors":"T. Sendra, P. Belanger","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulse-echo ultrasonic techniques play a crucial role in assessing wall thickness deterioration in safety-critical industries. Current approaches face limitations with low signal-to-noise ratios, weak echoes, or vague echo patterns typical of heavily corroded profiles. This study proposes a novel combination of Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) and Transformer Neural Networks (TNN) to improve thickness gauging accuracy for complex geometries and echo patterns. Recognizing the strength of TNN in language processing and speech recognition, the proposed network comprises three modules: 1. pre-processing CNN, 2. a Transformer model and 3. a post-processing CNN. Two datasets, one being simulation-generated, and the other, experimentally gathered from a corroded carbon steel staircase specimen, support the training and testing processes. Results indicate that the proposed model outperforms other AI architectures and traditional methods, providing a 5.45% improvement over CNN architectures from NDE literature, a 1.81% improvement over ResNet-50, and a 17.5% improvement compared to conventional thresholding techniques in accurately detecting depths with a precision under 0.5<span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107639"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterising bulk-driven acoustic streaming in air

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107638

Christopher Stone, Mahdi Azarpeyvand, Anthony Croxford, Bruce Drinkwater

Bulk-driven acoustic streaming flows induced by two different high-powered ultrasonic sources in air have been measured and characterised using particle image velocimetry (PIV). These time-averaged flows are driven by the attenuation of the acoustic energy, and appear as jets in the direction of the acoustic propagation. Langevin horns and a focussed array of transducers, which operate at acoustic frequencies of

f \approx 27

kHz and

f = 40

kHz respectively, were used to create high pressure acoustic fields, with local sound pressure levels of over 160 dB. The magnitude of the acoustic streaming flows that resulted from the Langevin horn and the focussed array were up to

V_{m a x} \approx 0.15 m/s

and

V_{m a x} \approx 0.2 m/s

respectively. For a given peak acoustic pressure, the focussed array yielded higher acoustic streaming velocities due to the increased acoustic attenuation at the higher driving frequency. The shape of the acoustic field was found to govern the shape of the acoustic streaming velocity field, with the Langevin horn producing a wider jet with a more gradual velocity increase and decay than the focussed array. The focussed array induced a streaming velocity field where the maximum velocity occurred at a similar location to the peak acoustic pressure. Experimental PIV results were compared to a numerical model based on assumed weak non-linearity in which the attenuation of the first order pressure drives the streaming. The numerical model was able to predict the streaming velocity field with good qualitative and reasonable quantitative agreement.

{"title":"Characterising bulk-driven acoustic streaming in air","authors":"Christopher Stone, Mahdi Azarpeyvand, Anthony Croxford, Bruce Drinkwater","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bulk-driven acoustic streaming flows induced by two different high-powered ultrasonic sources in air have been measured and characterised using particle image velocimetry (PIV). These time-averaged flows are driven by the attenuation of the acoustic energy, and appear as jets in the direction of the acoustic propagation. Langevin horns and a focussed array of transducers, which operate at acoustic frequencies of <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo>≈</mo><mn>27</mn></mrow></math></span> kHz and <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>40</mn></mrow></math></span> kHz respectively, were used to create high pressure acoustic fields, with local sound pressure levels of over 160 dB. The magnitude of the acoustic streaming flows that resulted from the Langevin horn and the focussed array were up to <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>15</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m/s</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m/s</mi></mrow></math></span> respectively. For a given peak acoustic pressure, the focussed array yielded higher acoustic streaming velocities due to the increased acoustic attenuation at the higher driving frequency. The shape of the acoustic field was found to govern the shape of the acoustic streaming velocity field, with the Langevin horn producing a wider jet with a more gradual velocity increase and decay than the focussed array. The focussed array induced a streaming velocity field where the maximum velocity occurred at a similar location to the peak acoustic pressure. Experimental PIV results were compared to a numerical model based on assumed weak non-linearity in which the attenuation of the first order pressure drives the streaming. The numerical model was able to predict the streaming velocity field with good qualitative and reasonable quantitative agreement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107638"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-resolution pressure imaging via background-oriented schlieren tomography: A spatiotemporal measurement for MHz ultrasound fields and hydrophone calibration

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107614

Sayaka Ichihara , Masato Yamagishi , Yuta Kurashina , Masanori Ota , Yoshiyuki Tagawa

In this work, the spatiotemporal pressure field of MHz-focused ultrasound is measured using a background-oriented schlieren technique combined with fast checkerboard demodulation and vector tomography (VT-BOS). Hydrophones have been commonly employed to directly measure the local pressure in underwater ultrasound. However, their limitations include that they disturb the acoustic field and affect the measured pressure through the spatial averaging effect. To overcome such limitations, we propose VT-BOS as a non-contact technique for acoustic field measurements using only a background image and a camera. In our experiments, VT-BOS measures focused acoustic fields with a focal width of 1.0 mm and a frequency of 4.55 MHz, capturing traveling, reflected, and standing waves. We discuss three key features of this approach: (1) the temporal evolution of pressure measured by VT-BOS and hydrophones, (2) the differences in computational cost and spatial resolution between VT-BOS and other techniques, and (3) the measurement range of VT-BOS. The results demonstrate that VT-BOS successfully quantifies spatiotemporal acoustic fields and can estimate the hydrophones’ spatial averaging effect over a finite area. VT-BOS measures pressure fields of several MPa with high spatiotemporal resolution, requiring less computational and measurement time. It is used to measure pressure amplitudes from 0.4 to 6.4 MPa, with the potential to extend the range to 0.3–201.6 MPa by adjusting the background-to-target distance. VT-BOS is a promising tool for measuring acoustic pressure in the MHz and MPa ranges, critical for applications such as vessel flow measurement and hydrophone calibration.

{"title":"High-resolution pressure imaging via background-oriented schlieren tomography: A spatiotemporal measurement for MHz ultrasound fields and hydrophone calibration","authors":"Sayaka Ichihara , Masato Yamagishi , Yuta Kurashina , Masanori Ota , Yoshiyuki Tagawa","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the spatiotemporal pressure field of MHz-focused ultrasound is measured using a background-oriented schlieren technique combined with fast checkerboard demodulation and vector tomography (VT-BOS). Hydrophones have been commonly employed to directly measure the local pressure in underwater ultrasound. However, their limitations include that they disturb the acoustic field and affect the measured pressure through the spatial averaging effect. To overcome such limitations, we propose VT-BOS as a non-contact technique for acoustic field measurements using only a background image and a camera. In our experiments, VT-BOS measures focused acoustic fields with a focal width of 1.0 mm and a frequency of 4.55 MHz, capturing traveling, reflected, and standing waves. We discuss three key features of this approach: (1) the temporal evolution of pressure measured by VT-BOS and hydrophones, (2) the differences in computational cost and spatial resolution between VT-BOS and other techniques, and (3) the measurement range of VT-BOS. The results demonstrate that VT-BOS successfully quantifies spatiotemporal acoustic fields and can estimate the hydrophones’ spatial averaging effect over a finite area. VT-BOS measures pressure fields of several MPa with high spatiotemporal resolution, requiring less computational and measurement time. It is used to measure pressure amplitudes from 0.4 to 6.4 MPa, with the potential to extend the range to 0.3–201.6 MPa by adjusting the background-to-target distance. VT-BOS is a promising tool for measuring acoustic pressure in the MHz and MPa ranges, critical for applications such as vessel flow measurement and hydrophone calibration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143695946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seepage and wetting evolution characteristics of coal fracture under the dual influence of ultrasonic stimulation and surfactant modification

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107646

Qiming Huang , Bo Yu , Cheng Zhai , Gang Wang , Haonan Shi , Ting Liu , Hao Xu , Xu Wang , Hongzhan Liu

Coal seam water injection can effectively improve the water content of the coal seam and control the dust pollution in the mining process from the source. In this paper, we investigate the changes in internal fracture structure and water transport in coal samples by double treatment of surfactant and ultrasonic wave on anthracite samples. Ultrasonic treatment of coal samples immersed in water and observation of the difference in wetting characteristics before and after treatment. The results demonstrate that the primary fracture in the coal samples expands within 4–5 h of ultrasonic stimulation, a new fracture with an opening between 10 and 15 µm is generated during the stimulation process and the permeability of the coal samples increases by four to eight times compared with the untreated one. It is worth noting that water can fully penetrate the newly formed fracture during the ultrasonic intervals. Ultrasound can make surfactants dissolve better, but the thermal and cavitation effects of ultrasound can also inhibit the effect of surfactants in promoting water absorption in coal. The results guide future research and development of ultrasonic-enhanced water injection technology in coal seams.

{"title":"Seepage and wetting evolution characteristics of coal fracture under the dual influence of ultrasonic stimulation and surfactant modification","authors":"Qiming Huang , Bo Yu , Cheng Zhai , Gang Wang , Haonan Shi , Ting Liu , Hao Xu , Xu Wang , Hongzhan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal seam water injection can effectively improve the water content of the coal seam and control the dust pollution in the mining process from the source. In this paper, we investigate the changes in internal fracture structure and water transport in coal samples by double treatment of surfactant and ultrasonic wave on anthracite samples. Ultrasonic treatment of coal samples immersed in water and observation of the difference in wetting characteristics before and after treatment. The results demonstrate that the primary fracture in the coal samples expands within 4–5 h of ultrasonic stimulation, a new fracture with an opening between 10 and 15 µm is generated during the stimulation process and the permeability of the coal samples increases by four to eight times compared with the untreated one. It is worth noting that water can fully penetrate the newly formed fracture during the ultrasonic intervals. Ultrasound can make surfactants dissolve better, but the thermal and cavitation effects of ultrasound can also inhibit the effect of surfactants in promoting water absorption in coal. The results guide future research and development of ultrasonic-enhanced water injection technology in coal seams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0