Ultrasonics最新文献_第2页

A method of enhanced shear wave elastography based on Chirp coded excitation 基于啁啾编码激励的增强横波弹性成像方法。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107569

Jingwen Ding , Yiheng Li , Yang Jiao , Ninghao Wang , Yaoyao Cui

Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) is an imaging technique that detects shear waves generated by tissue excited by Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF), and characterizes the mechanical properties of soft tissue by analyzing the propagation velocity of shear wave. ARF induces a change in energy density through the nonlinear propagation of ultrasound waves, which drives the tissue to generate shear waves. However, the amplitude of shear waves generated by ARF is weak, and the shear waves are strongly attenuated in vivo. Furthermore, the shear waves are usually drowned out by noise at deep locations, which presents a challenge in the detection of shear waves and low signal-to-noise ratios. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of applying the Chirp coded signal for shear wave excitation (Chirp-SWE) in ARF-based shear wave elastography. The use of Chirp coded excitation of push waveforms was employed to enhance the action of ARF, thereby effectively exciting shear waves. Comparative experiments were carried out with conventional sine long pulses (SWE) and the Barker coded signal (Barker-SWE). The analysis of theoretical and simulation results revealed that Chirp-SWE could increase the excitation energy by approximately 10% compared to conventional SWE and Barker-SWE. The results of the elastic phantom experiments demonstrated that the average peak axial particle velocity obtained by Chirp-SWE was approximately 30%–50% higher, which facilitated the formation of a more stable shear wave. Additionally, it exhibited a higher signal-to-noise ratio during elasticity measurements. The in vitro liver experiments further validated the feasibility of implementing Chirp-SWE in tissues. The results demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of Chirp coded excitation of push waveforms in improving shear wave elastography results. It is expected that this will enhance the accuracy and robustness of soft tissue elastography.

剪切波弹性成像（SWE）是一种检测组织在声辐射力（ARF）作用下产生的剪切波，并通过分析剪切波的传播速度来表征软组织力学特性的成像技术。ARF通过超声波的非线性传播引起能量密度的变化，从而驱动组织产生剪切波。然而，ARF产生的剪切波振幅较弱，且剪切波在体内被强烈衰减。此外，剪切波在深部通常被噪声淹没，这给剪切波的检测和低信噪比带来了挑战。本文研究了在基于arf的横波弹性学中应用啁啾编码信号进行横波激励（Chirp- swe）的可行性。利用推力波形的啁啾编码激励来增强ARF的作用，从而有效地激励剪切波。用常规正弦长脉冲（SWE）和巴克编码信号（Barker-SWE）进行了对比实验。理论和仿真结果分析表明，与传统SWE和Barker-SWE相比，Chirp-SWE能提高约10%的激发能。弹性模体实验结果表明，Chirp-SWE获得的平均轴向粒子速度峰值高出约30%-50%，有利于形成更稳定的剪切波。此外，它在弹性测量中表现出更高的信噪比。体外肝脏实验进一步验证了在组织中实施Chirp-SWE的可行性。结果证明了推波啁啾编码激励在改善横波弹性成像结果方面的可行性和优越性。预计这将提高软组织弹性成像的准确性和鲁棒性。

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引用次数: 0

Sensitivity of Lamb waves in viscoelastic polymer plates to surface contamination 粘弹性聚合物板中Lamb波对表面污染的敏感性。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107571

Jakub Spytek , Daniel A. Kiefer , Ros Kiri Ing , Claire Prada , Jérôme Grando , Julien de Rosny

Detecting surface contamination on thin thermoformed polymer plates is a critical issue for various industrial applications. Lamb waves offer a promising solution, though their effectiveness is challenged by the strong attenuation and anisotropy of the polymer plates. This issue is addressed in the context of a calcium carbonate (CaCO

_{3}

) layer deposited on a polypropylene (PP) plate. First, the viscoelastic properties of the PP material are determined using a genetic algorithm inversion of data measured with a scanning laser vibrometer. Second, using a bi-layer plate model, the elastic properties and thickness of the CaCO

_{3}

layer are estimated. Based on the model, the sensitivity analysis is performed, demonstrating considerable effectiveness of the A1 Lamb mode in detecting thin layers of CaCO

_{3}

compared to Lamb modes A0 and S0. Finally, a direct application of this work is illustrated through in-situ monitoring of CaCO

_{3}

contaminants using a straightforward inter-transducer measurement.

检测热成型聚合物薄板表面污染是各种工业应用的关键问题。兰姆波提供了一个很有前途的解决方案，尽管其有效性受到聚合物板的强衰减和各向异性的挑战。这个问题是在沉积在聚丙烯（PP）板上的碳酸钙（CaCO3）层的背景下解决的。首先，利用遗传算法对扫描激光测振仪测量的数据进行反演，确定了PP材料的粘弹性。其次，利用双层板模型，估计了CaCO3层的弹性性能和厚度。基于该模型，进行了灵敏度分析，证明了与Lamb模式A0和S0相比，A1 Lamb模式在检测CaCO3薄层方面具有相当大的有效性。最后，通过使用直接的换能器测量对CaCO3污染物进行原位监测，说明了这项工作的直接应用。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasonic characterization of 3D-printed polymer objects 3d打印聚合物物体的超声表征。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107572

Timoteo F. de Oliveira , André C.M. Cavalheiro , F. Buiochi , Marcos S.G. Tsuzuki , José P. Leão-Neto , Giclênio C. Silva , Glauber T. Silva , J. Henrique Lopes

3D printing technology, also known as Additive Manufacturing (AM), has revolutionized object prototyping, offering a simple, cost-effective, and efficient approach to creating structures with diverse spatial features. However, the mechanical properties of 3D-printed structures are highly dependent on the material type and manufacturing technique employed. In this study, ultrasonic testing methods were used to comprehensively characterize standard samples produced using two popular printing techniques: material extrusion and vat photopolymerization. The investigation focuses on seven commonly used 3D printing polymer materials, namely nylon, PET-G, flexible polymer, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and photopolymer resin. Through ultrasonic testing, the mechanical parameters of objects made of different polymer materials were found. Some of these parameters are Young’s modulus, shear modulus, acoustic impedance, and absorption. A comparative analysis of these parameters in different objects provides insights about their respective performance and behavior. This information may be useful to enhance the design and performance of ultrasonic lenses and lab-on-a-chip devices. Findings indicate that the vat photopolymerization printing process yields high-quality samples that exhibit minimal deviations in thickness, diameter, and surface parallelism. Moreover, microscopic analysis of the vat photopolymerization samples revealed low levels of porosity, which suggests that the material can be considered homogeneous. In contrast, the material extrusion samples showed significant porosity in the form of gaps between the deposited filaments, which had a direct impact on their mechanical and acoustic properties.

3D打印技术，也被称为增材制造（AM），已经彻底改变了对象原型，提供了一种简单，经济高效的方法来创建具有不同空间特征的结构。然而，3d打印结构的机械性能高度依赖于所采用的材料类型和制造技术。在这项研究中，超声波测试方法被用于全面表征标准样品使用两种流行的印刷技术：材料挤压和还原光聚合。研究重点是7种常用的3D打印高分子材料，即尼龙、PET-G、柔性聚合物、聚碳酸酯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）、聚乳酸（PLA）和光聚合物树脂。通过超声检测，得到了不同高分子材料制成的物体的力学参数。这些参数包括杨氏模量、剪切模量、声阻抗和吸收。在不同对象中对这些参数进行比较分析，可以深入了解它们各自的性能和行为。这些信息可能有助于提高超声透镜和芯片实验室设备的设计和性能。研究结果表明，还原光聚合印刷工艺产生高质量的样品，在厚度，直径和表面平行度方面表现出最小的偏差。此外，还原光聚合样品的微观分析显示孔隙率低，这表明材料可以被认为是均匀的。相比之下，材料挤压样品表现出明显的孔隙率，其形式是沉积细丝之间的间隙，这直接影响了材料的力学和声学性能。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring defects in plates using topological acoustic sensing and sideband peak counting 利用拓扑声传感和边带峰值计数监测板材缺陷。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107568

I-Ting Ho , Krishna Muralidharan , Keith Runge , Araceli Hernandez Granados , Tribikram Kundu , Pierre A. Deymier

We demonstrate an integrated non-destructive inspection methodology that employs the nonlinear ultrasonics-based sideband peak counting (SPC) technique in conjunction with topological acoustics (TA) sensing to comprehensively characterize the acoustic response of steel plates that contain differing levels of damage. By combining the SPC technique and TA, increased sensitivity to defect/damage detection as well as the ability to spatially resolve the presence of defects was successfully established. Towards this end, using a Rockwell hardness indenter, steel plates were subject to one, three and five centrally located indentations respectively. The acoustic response of the plate as a function of number of indentations was examined at a frequency range between 50 kHz and 800 kHz, from which the change in a global geometric phase was evaluated. Here, geometric phase is a measure of the topological acoustic field response to the spatial locations of the indentations within the steel plates. The global geometric phase unambiguously showed an increase with increasing number of indentations. In addition, spatial variations in a ‘local’ geometric phase as well as spatial variations in the SPC-index (SPC-I) were also determined. Spatial variations in both the local geometric phase as well as the SPC-I were particularly significant across the indentations for frequencies below 300 kHz, and by combining the respective spatial variations in the SPC-I and geometric phase, the locations of the indentations were accurately identified. The developed SPC-TA nondestructive method represents a promising technique for detecting and evaluating defects in structural materials.

我们展示了一种集成的无损检测方法，该方法采用基于非线性超声的边带峰值计数（SPC）技术与拓扑声学（TA）传感相结合，以全面表征包含不同程度损伤的钢板的声响应。通过将SPC技术与TA相结合，成功建立了对缺陷/损伤检测的灵敏度提高以及空间解决缺陷存在的能力。为此，使用洛氏硬度压头，钢板分别受到一个，三个和五个中心位置的压痕。在50 kHz和800 kHz之间的频率范围内，检测了板的声响应作为压痕数量的函数，从中评估了全局几何相位的变化。在这里，几何相位是对钢板内压痕空间位置的拓扑声场响应的度量。总体几何相位明显地随着缩进数的增加而增加。此外，还确定了“局部”几何相位的空间变化以及spc指数（SPC-I）的空间变化。在低于300 kHz的频率下，局部几何相位和SPC-I的空间变化在凹痕中尤为显著，通过结合各自的SPC-I和几何相位的空间变化，可以准确识别凹痕的位置。所开发的SPC-TA无损检测方法是一种很有前途的结构材料缺陷检测和评价技术。

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引用次数: 0

Estimation of the phase velocity dispersion curves for viscoelastic materials using Point Limited Shear Wave Elastography 用点限横波弹性学估计粘弹性材料的相速度色散曲线。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107566

Wiktor Jachym , Matthew W. Urban , Piotr Kijanka

Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) is widely used in clinical applications for non-invasive measurements of soft tissue viscoelasticity. The study of tissue viscoelasticity often involves the analysis of shear wave phase velocity dispersion curves, which show how the phase velocity varies with frequency or wavelength.

In this study, we propose an alternative method to the two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D-FT) and Phase Gradient (PG) methods for shear wave phase velocity estimation. We introduce a new method called Point Limited Shear Wave Elastography (PL-SWE), which aims to reconstruct phase velocity dispersion curves using a minimal number of measurement points in the spatial domain (as few as two signals can be utilized). We investigated how the positioning of the first signal and the distance between selected signals affect the shear wave velocity dispersion estimation in PL-SWE. The effectiveness of this novel approach was evaluated through the analysis of analytical phantom data in viscoelastic media, along with experimental data from custom-made tissue-mimicking elastic and viscoelastic phantoms, and in vivo renal transplant data.

A comparative analysis with the 2D-FT technique revealed that PL-SWE provided phase velocity dispersion curve estimates with root mean squared percentage error (RMSPE) values of less than 1.61% for analytical phantom data, 1.58% for elastic phantoms, 4.29% for viscoelastic phantoms and 7.68% for in vivo data, while utilizing significantly fewer signals compared to 2D-FT. The results demonstrate that the PL-SWE method also outperforms the PG method. For the viscoelastic phantoms, the mean RMSPE values using PL-SWE ranged from 2.61% to 4.29%, while the PG method produced RMSPE values between 3.56% and 15%. In the case of in vivo data, PL-SWE yielded RMSPE values between 7.01% and 7.68%, while PG results ranged from 17% to 418%. These findings highlight the superior accuracy and reliability of the PL-SWE method, particularly when compared to the PG approach. Our tests demonstrate that PL-SWE can effectively measure the phase velocity of both elastic and viscoelastic materials and tissues using a limited number of signals.

Utilizing a minimal number of spatial measurement points could enable accurate assessments even in cases with restricted field of view, thereby expanding the applicability of SWE across various patient populations.

超声剪切波弹性成像（SWE）广泛应用于临床无创测量软组织粘弹性。组织粘弹性的研究经常涉及到剪切波相速度色散曲线的分析，它显示了相速度随频率或波长的变化。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种替代二维傅里叶变换（2D-FT）和相位梯度（PG）方法的横波相速度估计方法。我们介绍了一种新的方法，称为点有限横波弹性成像（PL-SWE），旨在利用空间域中最少数量的测点（最多可以使用两个信号）重建相速度色散曲线。我们研究了首个信号的位置和所选信号之间的距离对PL-SWE中横波速度频散估计的影响。通过分析粘弹性介质中的分析模型数据，以及定制组织模拟弹性和粘弹性模型的实验数据，以及体内肾移植数据，评估了这种新方法的有效性。与2D-FT技术的对比分析表明，PL-SWE提供的相速度色散曲线估计的均方根百分比误差（RMSPE）值小于1.61%，分析幻影数据为1.58%，粘弹性幻影为4.29%，体内数据为7.68%，与2D-FT相比，使用的信号明显减少。结果表明，PL-SWE方法也优于PG方法。对于粘弹性幻影，使用PL-SWE的平均RMSPE值在2.61%至4.29%之间，而PG方法的RMSPE值在3.56%至15%之间。在体内数据中，PL-SWE的RMSPE值在7.01%至7.68%之间，而PG的结果在17%至418%之间。这些发现突出了PL-SWE方法优越的准确性和可靠性，特别是与PG方法相比。我们的测试表明，PL-SWE可以使用有限数量的信号有效地测量弹性和粘弹性材料和组织的相速度。即使在视野受限的情况下，利用最少数量的空间测量点也可以进行准确的评估，从而扩大了SWE在各种患者群体中的适用性。

{"title":"Estimation of the phase velocity dispersion curves for viscoelastic materials using Point Limited Shear Wave Elastography","authors":"Wiktor Jachym , Matthew W. Urban , Piotr Kijanka","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) is widely used in clinical applications for non-invasive measurements of soft tissue viscoelasticity. The study of tissue viscoelasticity often involves the analysis of shear wave phase velocity dispersion curves, which show how the phase velocity varies with frequency or wavelength.</div><div>In this study, we propose an alternative method to the two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D-FT) and Phase Gradient (PG) methods for shear wave phase velocity estimation. We introduce a new method called Point Limited Shear Wave Elastography (PL-SWE), which aims to reconstruct phase velocity dispersion curves using a minimal number of measurement points in the spatial domain (as few as two signals can be utilized). We investigated how the positioning of the first signal and the distance between selected signals affect the shear wave velocity dispersion estimation in PL-SWE. The effectiveness of this novel approach was evaluated through the analysis of analytical phantom data in viscoelastic media, along with experimental data from custom-made tissue-mimicking elastic and viscoelastic phantoms, and <em>in vivo</em> renal transplant data.</div><div>A comparative analysis with the 2D-FT technique revealed that PL-SWE provided phase velocity dispersion curve estimates with root mean squared percentage error (RMSPE) values of less than 1.61% for analytical phantom data, 1.58% for elastic phantoms, 4.29% for viscoelastic phantoms and 7.68% for <em>in vivo</em> data, while utilizing significantly fewer signals compared to 2D-FT. The results demonstrate that the PL-SWE method also outperforms the PG method. For the viscoelastic phantoms, the mean RMSPE values using PL-SWE ranged from 2.61% to 4.29%, while the PG method produced RMSPE values between 3.56% and 15%. In the case of <em>in vivo</em> data, PL-SWE yielded RMSPE values between 7.01% and 7.68%, while PG results ranged from 17% to 418%. These findings highlight the superior accuracy and reliability of the PL-SWE method, particularly when compared to the PG approach. Our tests demonstrate that PL-SWE can effectively measure the phase velocity of both elastic and viscoelastic materials and tissues using a limited number of signals.</div><div>Utilizing a minimal number of spatial measurement points could enable accurate assessments even in cases with restricted field of view, thereby expanding the applicability of SWE across various patient populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 107566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of interfacial properties in a two-layered plate using quasi-static component generation during primary Lamb wave propagation 用准静态分量法评价两层板在兰姆波传播过程中的界面特性。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107567

Han Chen , Caibin Xu , Guangjian Gao , Yan Chen , Yunshan Bai , Mingxi Deng

This study delves into the feasibility of leveraging quasi-static component (QSC) generation during primary Lamb wave propagation to discern subtle alterations in the interfacial properties of a two-layered plate. Unlike the second-harmonic generation of Lamb waves, QSC generation doesn’t necessitate precise phase-velocity matching but rather requires an approximate matching of group velocities to ensure the emergence of cumulative growth effects. This unique characteristic empowers the QSC-based nonlinear ultrasonic method to effectively surmount the limitations associated with inherent dispersion and multimode traits of Lamb wave propagation. Modeling the QSC generation reveals that the integrated amplitude of the QSC pulse, derived from the propagation of the primary Lamb wave tone burst, progressively amplifies with increasing propagation distance. Finite element simulations illustrate an overall decline in the efficiency of QSC generation amidst interfacial degradation. Experimental outcomes obtained via a nonlinear ultrasonic measurement-based setup vividly showcase the cumulative growth effect of QSC generation, evident with the propagation distance under approximate group velocity matching. To substantiate the influence of interfacial properties on QSC generation efficiency, varying thermal fatigue durations under cyclic temperature conditions are employed to simulate subtle changes in the two-layered plate’s interfacial properties. The relative nonlinear acoustic parameter exhibits a distinctly sensitive and monotonically decreasing behavior with escalating thermal fatigue durations, corroborating the impact of alterations in interfacial properties on QSC generation efficiency. The alignment between experimental findings and numerical analysis predictions suggests that the effect of QSC generation in primary Lamb wave propagation provides a promising means for sensitively assessing the early-stage degradation of interfacial properties in layered plates.

本研究深入探讨了利用准静态分量（QSC）在主Lamb波传播过程中产生的可行性，以识别两层板界面特性的细微变化。与Lamb波的二次谐波产生不同，QSC产生不需要精确的相速度匹配，而是需要近似的群速度匹配，以确保累积生长效应的出现。这种独特的特性使基于qsc的非线性超声方法能够有效地克服与Lamb波传播固有色散和多模特性相关的限制。对QSC产生的建模表明，由主Lamb波音调突发传播产生的QSC脉冲的综合振幅随着传播距离的增加而逐渐放大。有限元模拟表明，在界面退化的情况下，QSC生成效率总体下降。通过非线性超声测量装置获得的实验结果生动地展示了QSC产生的累积生长效应，在近似群速度匹配下，随着传播距离的增加，这种效应明显。为了证实界面性能对QSC生成效率的影响，采用循环温度条件下不同热疲劳持续时间来模拟两层板界面性能的细微变化。随着热疲劳持续时间的增加，相对非线性声学参数表现出明显的敏感和单调减小的行为，证实了界面性质的改变对QSC产生效率的影响。实验结果与数值分析预测之间的一致性表明，QSC产生对初级Lamb波传播的影响为敏感地评估层状板界面特性的早期退化提供了一种有希望的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Focal volume reduction in transcranial focused ultrasound using spherical wave expansions 经颅聚焦超声应用球面波扩张缩小病灶体积。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107564

Fei Shen , Fan Fan , Fengji Li , Yue Wang , Eleanor Martin , Haijun Niu

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) has been gaining increased attention as a non-invasive modality for treating brain diseases. However, accurately focusing on brain structures remains a challenge as the ultrasound is severely distorted by the presence of the skull. In this article, we propose a promising distortion correction method based on spherical wave expansions. It is demonstrated that the focal gain is directly related to the zero-order spherical harmonic coefficient, and suppressing higher-order coefficients significantly reduces the focal volume. Simulation results show that this method can correct distortion and effectively balance focal gain and volume, achieving a smaller focal spot with lower grating lobes compared to the commonly used time reversal technique. We also verified the capability of shifting the focal position in real time without additional simulations. This work provides an effective approach for tFUS treatments, offering enhanced precision and reduced focal volume.

经颅聚焦超声（tFUS）作为一种治疗脑部疾病的非侵入性方法，越来越受到人们的关注。然而，准确地聚焦于大脑结构仍然是一个挑战，因为颅骨的存在严重扭曲了超声波。在本文中，我们提出了一种很有前途的基于球面波展开的畸变校正方法。结果表明，焦增益与零阶球谐系数直接相关，抑制高阶球谐系数可显著减小焦体积。仿真结果表明，与常用的时间反转技术相比，该方法可以有效地校正畸变，平衡焦增益和体积，实现焦斑更小、光栅瓣更低的效果。我们还验证了无需额外模拟即可实时移动焦点位置的能力。这项工作为tFUS治疗提供了有效的方法，提供了更高的精度和更小的病灶体积。

引用次数: 0

Ultrasound modulation of melatonin release from pineal glands in vitro

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107565

Alexis Carmine , Bridget Thorpe , Mallory Brayer , Karun Sharma , Aleksandar Jeremic , Vesna Zderic

Objectives

In this study, we aim to investigate whether therapeutic ultrasound can modulate the release of melatonin from the pineal gland—either increasing or decreasing its levels—and to assess the safety of this technique. This research could address a significant clinical need by providing a noninvasive method to potentially regulate sleep and circadian rhythms through the targeted modulation of melatonin.

Methods

Rat pineal glands were placed in a well with a Krebs Ringer Buffer solution.

Ultrasound was applied to the glands using unfocused transducers set at an average intensity of 1 W/cm² and three different frequencies (400, 600, and 800 kHz) with continuous exposure for 5 min. Fluid samples were collected from the well before (t = 0 min), immediately after (t = 5 min), and 30 min post-ultrasound treatment (t = 30 min). Melatonin release was subsequently measured using an ELISA kit and analyzed statistically. In addition, histological analysis was completed to determine any structural abnormalities due to ultrasound application.

Results

In the 600 kHz group there was a statistically significant decrease from t = 0 min to t = 5 min. No other statistically significant differences were observed. In addition, no histological changes were observed in the pineal glands due to ultrasound application.

Conclusions

This study indicated that ultrasound may be able to modulate melatonin release, however follow-up studies are necessary to determine optimal ultrasound parameters for this application.

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引用次数: 0

Guided wave tomography of pipe bends based on full waveform inversion 基于全波形反演的管道弯道导波层析成像。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107560

Carlos-Omar Rasgado-Moreno , Marek Rist , Raul Land , Madis Ratassepp

Pipe bends are recognized as critical areas susceptible to wall thinning, a phenomenon instigated by abrupt changes in the fluid flow direction and velocity. Conventional monitoring techniques for bends typically depend on localized ultrasonic measurements of thickness. While these methods are effective, they can be time-consuming compared to the use of permanently installed transducers, a strategy employed in guided wave tomography (GWT). GWT provides the advantage of identifying and quantifying damage within a specified area by processing waves that are both generated and received by a set of transducers. In this study, we implement a GWT method based on full waveform inversion (FWI) for a high-resolution thickness reconstruction of a steel pipe bend. The wavefield in the bend section, made artificially anisotropic, is modeled using Thomsen parameters in the two-dimensional domain. This enhances its integration with the FWI algorithm. A numerical investigation was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of FWI in the presence of a defect as a function of its circumferential position. Additionally, an experimental evaluation was performed to reconstruct a defect artificially created on a pipe bend with a diameter (d) of 220 mm and a bend radius of 1.5d, and a defect with a diameter of 100 mm and a depth of 47%. The results indicate that the FWI method can effectively reconstruct the thickness map of smooth defects, regardless of their location, and it is particularly effective for defects situated closer to the extrados position.

由于流体流动方向和速度的突然变化，管弯被认为是容易发生管壁变薄的关键区域。传统的弯曲监测技术通常依赖于局部厚度的超声测量。虽然这些方法是有效的，但与使用永久安装的换能器（导波断层扫描（GWT）中采用的策略）相比，它们可能很耗时。GWT的优点是通过处理由一组换能器产生和接收的波来识别和量化指定区域内的损害。在这项研究中，我们实现了一种基于全波形反演（FWI）的GWT方法，用于钢管弯头的高分辨率厚度重建。弯曲段的波场是人工制造的各向异性，在二维域使用Thomsen参数建模。这增强了其与FWI算法的集成。一项数值研究进行了评估的有效性，在存在缺陷的FWI作为其圆周位置的函数。此外，对直径为220 mm、弯曲半径为1.5d、直径为100 mm、深度为47%的管道弯头人工造成的缺陷进行了实验评估。结果表明，FWI方法可以有效地重建光滑缺陷的厚度图，无论其位置如何，对于靠近外凸点位置的缺陷尤其有效。

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引用次数: 0

Overfit detection method for deep neural networks trained to beamform ultrasound images 训练用于波束成形超声图像的深度神经网络过拟合检测方法。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107562

Jiaxin Zhang , Muyinatu A. Lediju Bell

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have remarkable potential to reconstruct ultrasound images. However, this promise can suffer from overfitting to training data, which is typically detected via loss function monitoring during an otherwise time-consuming training process or via access to new sources of test data. We present a method to detect overfitting with associated evaluation approaches that only require knowledge of a network architecture and associated trained weights. Three types of artificial DNN inputs (i.e., zeros, ones, and Gaussian noise), unseen during DNN training, were input to three DNNs designed for ultrasound image formation, trained on multi-site data, and submitted to the Challenge on Ultrasound Beamforming with Deep Learning (CUBDL). Overfitting was detected using these artificial DNN inputs. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of DNN-created images to ground truth images immediately revealed signs of overfitting (e.g., zeros input produced mean output values

\geq

0.08, ones input produced mean output values

\leq

0.07, with corresponding image-to-image normalized correlations

\leq

0.8). The proposed approach is promising to detect overfitting without requiring lengthy network retraining or the curation of additional test data. Potential applications include sanity checks during federated learning, as well as optimization, security, public policy, regulation creation, and benchmarking.

深度神经网络（dnn）在重建超声图像方面具有显著的潜力。然而，这一承诺可能会受到训练数据过拟合的影响，这通常是通过在耗时的训练过程中进行损失函数监控或通过访问新的测试数据源来检测的。我们提出了一种方法来检测过度拟合与相关的评估方法，只需要网络架构的知识和相关的训练权值。在DNN训练过程中看不到的三种人工DNN输入（即0、1和高斯噪声）被输入到三个设计用于超声图像形成的DNN中，在多站点数据上进行训练，并提交给深度学习超声波束形成挑战（CUBDL）。使用这些人工DNN输入检测过拟合。将dnn生成的图像与ground truth图像进行定性和定量比较，立即发现了过拟合的迹象（例如，0输入产生的平均输出值≥0.08,1输入产生的平均输出值≤0.07，相应的图像到图像的归一化相关性≤0.8）。该方法有望检测过拟合，而不需要冗长的网络再训练或管理额外的测试数据。潜在的应用程序包括联邦学习期间的完整性检查，以及优化、安全性、公共政策、法规创建和基准测试。

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引用次数: 0