A crack was introduced into a glass plate by applying thermal stress, and the propagation characteristics of longitudinal ultrasonic waves at this crack were observed using the photoelastic method. Waves incident on the closed crack passed through completely, and no flaw echo was observed on an A-scope display. Propagating waves with slightly open cracks were observed using a sensitive tint technique. The results indicate that the tensile phase of these waves was reflected at the crack, whereas the compressive phase was transmitted. This phenomenon is considered the principle behind the generation of harmonic waves from a crack by contact acoustic nonlinearity. Multi-cycle ultrasonic waves were visualized, and frequency analyses were performed based on the luminance distribution. Immediately after passing through the crack, a wave component with half the incident wave frequency was observed.
{"title":"Experimental observations of ultrasonic waves reflecting from and passing through a crack","authors":"Masahiro Suetsugu , Kaori Shirakihara , Minoru Tamiaki , Kouichi Sekino","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A crack was introduced into a glass plate by applying thermal stress, and the propagation characteristics of longitudinal ultrasonic waves at this crack were observed using the photoelastic method. Waves incident on the closed crack passed through completely, and no flaw echo was observed on an A-scope display. Propagating waves with slightly open cracks were observed using a sensitive tint technique. The results indicate that the tensile phase of these waves was reflected at the crack, whereas the compressive phase was transmitted. This phenomenon is considered the principle behind the generation of harmonic waves from a crack by contact acoustic nonlinearity. Multi-cycle ultrasonic waves were visualized, and frequency analyses were performed based on the luminance distribution. Immediately after passing through the crack, a wave component with half the incident wave frequency was observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145605720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107894
Peng Zheng , Xuan Li , Peng Xiao , Zihao Dong , Dazhi Cong , Lishuai Liu , Yanxun Xiang
Nonlinear ultrasonic testing based on second harmonic generation has shown promise for early-stage creep damage detection. However, its practical application is constrained by a strong dependence on mode-matching conditions and signal degradation at advanced damage stages, limiting its effectiveness in complex service environments. Additionally, traditional approaches struggle to reliably characterize microstructural evolution throughout the entire creep process, affecting the accuracy of damage evaluation. To overcome these challenges, this study introduces the static component signal () of guided wave propagation into the creep damage assessment of superalloys. This approach broadens the characterization scope of nonlinear ultrasonic responses and enhances detection stability during later creep stages. Experimental results demonstrate that the static component is largely insensitive to mode-matching conditions, with its nonlinear parameter exhibiting a stable, linear increase throughout the creep lifetime. Compared to the second harmonic parameter—which typically exhibits a nonlinear “rise-then-fall” trend—the static component shows improved robustness and practical applicability. This method effectively addresses the limitations of conventional nonlinear ultrasonic techniques for late-stage creep damage detection, offering a valuable complementary tool for structural health monitoring and life assessment of high-temperature materials.
{"title":"Static component of nonlinear guided wave as a Preferable indicator of creep damage in superalloys","authors":"Peng Zheng , Xuan Li , Peng Xiao , Zihao Dong , Dazhi Cong , Lishuai Liu , Yanxun Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonlinear ultrasonic testing based on second harmonic generation has shown promise for early-stage creep damage detection. However, its practical application is constrained by a strong dependence on mode-matching conditions and signal degradation at advanced damage stages, limiting its effectiveness in complex service environments. Additionally, traditional approaches struggle to reliably characterize microstructural evolution throughout the entire creep process, affecting the accuracy of damage evaluation. To overcome these challenges, this study introduces the static component signal (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>β</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>) of guided wave propagation into the creep damage assessment of superalloys. This approach broadens the characterization scope of nonlinear ultrasonic responses and enhances detection stability during later creep stages. Experimental results demonstrate that the static component is largely insensitive to mode-matching conditions, with its nonlinear parameter exhibiting a stable, linear increase throughout the creep lifetime. Compared to the second harmonic parameter—which typically exhibits a nonlinear “rise-then-fall” trend—the static component shows improved robustness and practical applicability. This method effectively addresses the limitations of conventional nonlinear ultrasonic techniques for late-stage creep damage detection, offering a valuable complementary tool for structural health monitoring and life assessment of high-temperature materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107894"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145597667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107900
Wenbo Cao , Bin Wu , Yuan Yuan , Zhenghong Wang , Xiang Gao , Xiucheng Liu
Mechanical properties are critical parameters of ferromagnetic materials and directly affect their structural reliability and functional stability. Ultrasonic characterization techniques based on the magnetostrictive effect have the advantages of non-contact and high sensitivity. However, the relationship between magnetoacoustic conversion efficiency (MCE) and mechanical properties lacks sufficient theoretical support and the intrinsic mechanism remains unclear. To provide theoretical support for this, a theoretical model of magnetostrictive magnetoacoustic conversion with different mechanical parameters was constructed in this study and the key factors affecting MCE were analyzed in detail for the first time. On this basis, a non-destructive characterization method of evaluating multiple mechanical parameters was developed. Finally, experimental validation was conducted with heat-treated 3Cr13 steel samples. Both theoretical and experimental results showed a significant linear correlation between the mechanical parameters and SH wave MCE curves measured with magnetostrictive transducers. The observed experimental phenomena were consistent with the predicted patterns from the model. This study enriched the magnetoacoustic conversion theory of magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducers and provided new insights into the non-contact and non-destructive characterization of mechanical properties.
{"title":"Non-destructive characterization of mechanical properties using magnetostrictive magnetoacoustic conversion: Theory and experiment","authors":"Wenbo Cao , Bin Wu , Yuan Yuan , Zhenghong Wang , Xiang Gao , Xiucheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanical properties are critical parameters of ferromagnetic materials and directly affect their structural reliability and functional stability. Ultrasonic characterization techniques based on the magnetostrictive effect have the advantages of non-contact and high sensitivity. However, the relationship between magnetoacoustic conversion efficiency (MCE) and mechanical properties lacks sufficient theoretical support and the intrinsic mechanism remains unclear. To provide theoretical support for this, a theoretical model of magnetostrictive magnetoacoustic conversion with different mechanical parameters was constructed in this study and the key factors affecting MCE were analyzed in detail for the first time. On this basis, a non-destructive characterization method of evaluating multiple mechanical parameters was developed. Finally, experimental validation was conducted with heat-treated 3Cr13 steel samples. Both theoretical and experimental results showed a significant linear correlation between the mechanical parameters and SH wave MCE curves measured with magnetostrictive transducers. The observed experimental phenomena were consistent with the predicted patterns from the model. This study enriched the magnetoacoustic conversion theory of magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducers and provided new insights into the non-contact and non-destructive characterization of mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107900"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145605870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107892
Kathlyne Jayne B. Bautista , Thomas M. Kierski , Isabel G. Newsome , Hae Rim Lee , Wesley R. Legant , David S. Lalush , Paul A. Dayton
Acoustic angiography is a superharmonic contrast-enhanced ultrasound modality that maps 3-D microvasculature with fine spatial resolutions and has demonstrated potential to improve disease detection. However, the application of acoustic angiography for cancer detection currently faces challenges. Quantitative analysis relies on time-consuming, manual segmentation of individual vessels, and inter-operator variability limits reader-based discrimination. This feasibility study aims to address the limitations of current approaches with deep learning for efficient and accurate detection of tumor-associated vasculature in vivo and to validate against quantitative methods that evaluate vascular morphology. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), namely EfficientNet, ResNet, and DenseNet, were trained on a newly collected dataset of acoustic angiography volumes (n = 195 with 98 controls and 97 tumors) in rodents using a nested cross-validation study. The best performing model, 3-D EfficientNet-B0, achieved a mean classification accuracy of 0.928 ± 0.034 with high sensitivity and specificity, comparable to previously published results. Comparison with quantitative methods in tumor cases showed correlation between high network attention regions and morphological features typically associated with malignant vessels, including increased density and tortuosity. These results highlight the efficiency and accuracy of end-to-end CNNs for tumor detection in acoustic angiography volumes, validated by known markers of malignancy.
{"title":"Feasibility of deep learning-based cancer detection in ultrasound microvascular images","authors":"Kathlyne Jayne B. Bautista , Thomas M. Kierski , Isabel G. Newsome , Hae Rim Lee , Wesley R. Legant , David S. Lalush , Paul A. Dayton","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acoustic angiography is a superharmonic contrast-enhanced ultrasound modality that maps 3-D microvasculature with fine spatial resolutions and has demonstrated potential to improve disease detection. However, the application of acoustic angiography for cancer detection currently faces challenges. Quantitative analysis relies on time-consuming, manual segmentation of individual vessels, and inter-operator variability limits reader-based discrimination. This feasibility study aims to address the limitations of current approaches with deep learning for efficient and accurate detection of tumor-associated vasculature <em>in vivo</em> and to validate against quantitative methods that evaluate vascular morphology. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), namely EfficientNet, ResNet, and DenseNet, were trained on a newly collected dataset of acoustic angiography volumes (<em>n</em> = 195 with 98 controls and 97 tumors) in rodents using a nested cross-validation study. The best performing model, 3-D EfficientNet-B0, achieved a mean classification accuracy of 0.928 ± 0.034 with high sensitivity and specificity, comparable to previously published results. Comparison with quantitative methods in tumor cases showed correlation between high network attention regions and morphological features typically associated with malignant vessels, including increased density and tortuosity. These results highlight the efficiency and accuracy of end-to-end CNNs for tumor detection in acoustic angiography volumes, validated by known markers of malignancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107892"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107895
S.A. Hoseini Sabzevari , M.H. Jalal Kamali
A novel approach based on low sampling rate data is proposed to detect early-stage bolt looseness in structural joints. This study investigates how bolt loosening affects the acoustic emission signal in a multi-bolt connection using low sampling rates. Utilizing a low sampling rate sensor enables continuous and cost-effective structural health monitoring. To validate the method, an experimental set-up was conducted on carbon steel plates fastened with M8 bolts. The proposed technique consists of two main stages. First, the effect of bolt loosening in a single-bolt joint on acoustic signals is analyzed. Second, various bolt loosening configurations are examined in a linear three-bolt setup. The influence of different permutations of bolt looseness in the linear arrangement on the final results is also discussed. The results indicate that even in the presence of fully tightened bolts capable of transmitting stress waves, the initiation of loosening can be successfully detected using time–frequency domain features combined with support vector machine (SVM) classification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 97.53 % in detecting early-stage bolt looseness. The findings highlight the method’s potential as a practical and scalable solution for improving the safety and reliability of bolted connections in industrial applications.
{"title":"Looseness monitoring of Multi-Bolt connection using acoustic emission","authors":"S.A. Hoseini Sabzevari , M.H. Jalal Kamali","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel approach based on low sampling rate data is proposed to detect early-stage bolt looseness in structural joints. This study investigates how bolt loosening affects the acoustic emission signal in a multi-bolt connection using low sampling rates. Utilizing a low sampling rate sensor enables continuous and cost-effective structural health monitoring. To validate the method, an experimental set-up was conducted on carbon steel plates fastened with M8 bolts. The proposed technique consists of two main stages. First, the effect of bolt loosening in a single-bolt joint on acoustic signals is analyzed. Second, various bolt loosening configurations are examined in a linear three-bolt setup. The influence of different permutations of bolt looseness in the linear arrangement on the final results is also discussed. The results indicate that even in the presence of fully tightened bolts capable of transmitting stress waves, the initiation of loosening can be successfully detected using time–frequency domain features combined with support vector machine (SVM) classification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 97.53 % in detecting early-stage bolt looseness. The findings highlight the method’s potential as a practical and scalable solution for improving the safety and reliability of bolted connections in industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107895"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145557807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107887
Xi Li, Zhichao Li, Shujuan Wang, Runjie Yang, Ce Li
Developing a numerical model that accurately predicts ultrasonic signals in cylinders without relying on the finite element (FE) method can significantly improve computational efficiency. However, existing models capable of predicting received ultrasonic signals by electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) in cylindrical structures remain limited. To address this gap, this paper presents a theoretical model for predicting ultrasonic signals in finite-length cylinders excited by EMATs. The model comprehensively incorporates the entire EMAT operation process, including the excitation, propagation, and reception of ultrasonic waves. Analytical expressions of the trailing pulses are first derived based on the Pochhammer–Chree theory, revealing that these pulses originate from the superposition of guided waves. Subsequently, a numerical model is developed to calculate the time-domain signals received by EMATs through modal analysis. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model are validated through comparisons with FE simulations and experimental results. The findings demonstrate that the model can accurately predict the ultrasonic wave modes and key signal characteristics, including waveform, amplitude, and trailing-wave periodicity, under varying EMAT parameters. This study provides a fast and accurate approach for predicting and interpreting ultrasonic responses generated and received by EMATs in cylindrical structures.
{"title":"A theoretical model for predicting the ultrasonic signals in cylindrical waveguide generated by EMATs","authors":"Xi Li, Zhichao Li, Shujuan Wang, Runjie Yang, Ce Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing a numerical model that accurately predicts ultrasonic signals in cylinders without relying on the finite element (FE) method can significantly improve computational efficiency. However, existing models capable of predicting received ultrasonic signals by electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) in cylindrical structures remain limited. To address this gap, this paper presents a theoretical model for predicting ultrasonic signals in finite-length cylinders excited by EMATs. The model comprehensively incorporates the entire EMAT operation process, including the excitation, propagation, and reception of ultrasonic waves. Analytical expressions of the trailing pulses are first derived based on the Pochhammer–Chree theory, revealing that these pulses originate from the superposition of guided waves. Subsequently, a numerical model is developed to calculate the time-domain signals received by EMATs through modal analysis. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model are validated through comparisons with FE simulations and experimental results. The findings demonstrate that the model can accurately predict the ultrasonic wave modes and key signal characteristics, including waveform, amplitude, and trailing-wave periodicity, under varying EMAT parameters. This study provides a fast and accurate approach for predicting and interpreting ultrasonic responses generated and received by EMATs in cylindrical structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107887"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145557803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107893
Samuel M.A. Morais , Andrei B. Karpiouk , Donald J. VanderLaan , Muralidhar Padala , Stanislav Y. Emelianov
This study presents a proof-of-concept miniaturized transient elastography (TE) framework for measuring myocardial elasticity during catheter-based cardiac procedures. Recognizing that mechanical properties of myocardial tissue, particularly the shear modulus, offer valuable insight into the development and progression of cardiovascular conditions such as heart failure, we propose a TE system that can be integrated into existing intracardiac catheters. A miniature (2 mm × 2 mm) piezoelectric actuator was used to generate longitudinal shear waves (LSWs) in tissue-mimicking phantoms with varying shear moduli levels and in ex vivo porcine heart tissue. For validation, an ultrasound array transducer was used in this study to visualize the propagation of the LSWs generated by the actuator. Spatiotemporal displacement maps were analyzed to estimate shear wave speeds and corresponding shear moduli, with TE results showing strong agreement with values obtained using conventional acoustic radiation force-based shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI). The TE and SWEI measurements showed no statistically significant differences. Ex vivo tissue measurements performed in different orientations relative to myocardial fiber direction confirmed the system’s sensitivity to tissue anisotropy. Additionally, the technique successfully distinguished between fresh and fixed heart tissue, detecting a noticeable increase in stiffness due to preservation. These findings support the feasibility of a catheter-integrated TE device as a functional extension of existing clinical workflows, offering quantitative assessment of myocardial elasticity during routine catheterization procedures.
{"title":"Assessing myocardial stiffness with transient elastography using catheter-compatible miniature actuator","authors":"Samuel M.A. Morais , Andrei B. Karpiouk , Donald J. VanderLaan , Muralidhar Padala , Stanislav Y. Emelianov","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a proof-of-concept miniaturized transient elastography (TE) framework for measuring myocardial elasticity during catheter-based cardiac procedures. Recognizing that mechanical properties of myocardial tissue, particularly the shear modulus, offer valuable insight into the development and progression of cardiovascular conditions such as heart failure, we propose a TE system that can be integrated into existing intracardiac catheters. A miniature (2 mm × 2 mm) piezoelectric actuator was used to generate longitudinal shear waves (LSWs) in tissue-mimicking phantoms with varying shear moduli levels and in <em>ex vivo</em> porcine heart tissue. For validation, an ultrasound array transducer was used in this study to visualize the propagation of the LSWs generated by the actuator. Spatiotemporal displacement maps were analyzed to estimate shear wave speeds and corresponding shear moduli, with TE results showing strong agreement with values obtained using conventional acoustic radiation force-based shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI). The TE and SWEI measurements showed no statistically significant differences. <em>Ex vivo</em> tissue measurements performed in different orientations relative to myocardial fiber direction confirmed the system’s sensitivity to tissue anisotropy. Additionally, the technique successfully distinguished between fresh and fixed heart tissue, detecting a noticeable increase in stiffness due to preservation. These findings support the feasibility of a catheter-integrated TE device as a functional extension of existing clinical workflows, offering quantitative assessment of myocardial elasticity during routine catheterization procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107890
Lin Yang, Jie Zhang, Yue Xiong, Xinwei Hong, Zhuping Lan, Ait Benali Nada, Huafeng Li
To solve the problem of high driving voltage of traditional traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor (TRUM), a low-voltage traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor is proposed by using a piezoelectric bimorph. First, the whole structure of the motor is proposed, the principle of low-voltage drive is revealed, and the arrangement of the piezoelectric bimorph is designed. Secondly, the finite element (FE) simulation of the stator and the whole machine is carried out to study the influence of different conditions on the output performance of the motor. Finally, a prototype is made and an experimental platform is built to verify the feasibility and correctness of the design. The research results indicate that this design retains the advantages of traditional structures while also possessing the advantages of low-voltage driving.
{"title":"Low-voltage traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor based on piezoelectric bimorph","authors":"Lin Yang, Jie Zhang, Yue Xiong, Xinwei Hong, Zhuping Lan, Ait Benali Nada, Huafeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To solve the problem of high driving voltage of traditional traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor (TRUM), a low-voltage traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor is proposed by using a piezoelectric bimorph. First, the whole structure of the motor is proposed, the principle of low-voltage drive is revealed, and the arrangement of the piezoelectric bimorph is designed. Secondly, the finite element (FE) simulation of the stator and the whole machine is carried out to study the influence of different conditions on the output performance of the motor. Finally, a prototype is made and an experimental platform is built to verify the feasibility and correctness of the design. The research results indicate that this design retains the advantages of traditional structures while also possessing the advantages of low-voltage driving.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 107890"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145542783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107891
A.V. Alvarenga , K.V. Ramnarine , H. Koruk , S. Rajagopal
Accurate measurement of tissue mechanical properties is crucial for diagnosing and characterising various pathological conditions. Among these properties, shear wave speed (SWS) is an indicator of tissue stiffness and has been widely studied across multiple imaging modalities. Despite its advantages, the quantification of SWS is subject to various sources of uncertainty, which can impact its clinical and research applications. The uncertainty of SWS measurements based on acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) technology implemented using a research ultrasound system is investigated in this study. A linear array ultrasound transducer with 128 elements and a transmit frequency of 5.2 MHz was employed for both pushing and tracking. The contributions of different factors, including the effects of displacement estimator, speckle and temperature variation, to the overall measurement uncertainty were assessed using tissue-mimicking phantoms. The compiled uncertainty budget provided an expanded uncertainty of 8 % for the identified SWS, offering an in-depth understanding of the systematic effects influencing SWS and Young’s modulus measurements in ultrasound elastography. The findings in this study aim to enhance the reliability of ultrasound elastography as a diagnostic tool and to provide a foundation for future studies.
{"title":"Assessment of the uncertainty of shear wave speed measurements in ultrasound elastography","authors":"A.V. Alvarenga , K.V. Ramnarine , H. Koruk , S. Rajagopal","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate measurement of tissue mechanical properties is crucial for diagnosing and characterising various pathological conditions. Among these properties, shear wave speed (SWS) is an indicator of tissue stiffness and has been widely studied across multiple imaging modalities. Despite its advantages, the quantification of SWS is subject to various sources of uncertainty, which can impact its clinical and research applications. The uncertainty of SWS measurements based on acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) technology implemented using a research ultrasound system is investigated in this study. A linear array ultrasound transducer with 128 elements and a transmit frequency of 5.2 <!--> <!-->MHz was employed for both pushing and tracking. The contributions of different factors, including the effects of displacement estimator, speckle and temperature variation, to the overall measurement uncertainty were assessed using tissue-mimicking phantoms. The compiled uncertainty budget provided an expanded uncertainty of 8 % for the identified SWS, offering an in-depth understanding of the systematic effects influencing SWS and Young’s modulus measurements in ultrasound elastography. The findings in this study aim to enhance the reliability of ultrasound elastography as a diagnostic tool and to provide a foundation for future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145551208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107889
Han Chen , Mingxi Deng , Yan Chen , Guangjian Gao , Yunshan Bai
The zero-group-velocity (ZGV) mode of Lamb waves exhibits unique characteristics, where acoustic energy is trapped within localized regions of the waveguide. Previous research has established that ZGV combined harmonics — generated through the nonlinear interaction of frequency mixing response (FMR) — serve as highly sensitive tools for probing local material nonlinearity. In this study, we present a modeling and numerical analysis of ZGV combined harmonics produced by the mixing of two counter-directional Lamb waves in an adhesively bonded plate, explicitly considering the influence of interfacial properties on FMR efficiency. Based on theoretical analysis, a specific Lamb wave mode triplet is selected to ensure satisfaction of the internal resonance condition. The generation of ZGV combined harmonics at the sum frequency, arising from the interaction of counter-propagating Lamb waves within the plate, is systematically modeled. The results indicate that the efficiency of combined-harmonic generation for sensitive response correlates with the acoustic energy trapping characteristics of ZGV modes. Critically, the spatial location accuracy of the wave mixing phenomenon depends on the central position of the interaction zone rather than its length. Thus, there is no requirement to optimize the mixing zone length for both spatial resolution and signal clarity simultaneously; this inherent balance enhances the applicability of FMR-based nonlinear methods. Finite element (FE) simulations demonstrated that localized interfacial degradation can be detected and characterized by scanning the wave mixing zone of the two primary Lamb waves. The numerical analysis further validated the method’s capability to identify multiple localized degradations with varying severity and length in bonded structures. This work elucidates the physical mechanisms underlying ZGV combined-harmonic generation in adhesively bonded plates and presents a promising approach for non-destructive assessment of interfacial integrity via counter-directional Lamb wave mixing.
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