Ultrasonics最新文献_第4页

In-situ monitoring of µm-sized electrochemically generated corrosion pits using Lamb waves managed by a sparse array of piezoelectric transducers 利用压电传感器稀疏阵列管理的 Lamb 波现场监测微米级电化学腐蚀坑

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107527

C. Nicard , M. Rébillat , O. Devos , M. El May , F. Letellier , S. Dubent , M. Thomachot , M. Fournier , P. Masse , N. Mechbal

Corrosion is a major threat in the aeronautic industry, both in terms of safety and cost. Efficient, versatile, and cost affordable solutions for corrosion monitoring are thus needed. Ultrasonic Lamb Waves (LW) appear to be very efficient for corrosion monitoring and can be made cost effective and versatile if emitted and received by a sparse array of piezoelectric elements (PZT). A LW solution relying on a sparse PZT array and allowing to monitor µm-sized corrosion pit growth on stainless 316L grade steel plate is here evaluated. Experimentally, the corrosion pit size is electrochemically controlled by both the imposed electrical potential and the injection of a corrosive NaCl solution through a capillary located at the desired pit location. In parallel, the corrosion pit growth is monitored in-situ every 10 s by sending and measuring LW using a sparse array of 4 PZTs bonded to the back of the steel plate enduring corrosion. As a ground truth information, the corrosion pit volume is estimated as the dissolved volume balancing the electronic charges exchanged during corrosion. The corrosion pit radius is additionally checked post-experiment precisely with an optical measurement. Measured LW signals are then post-processed in order to compute a collection of synthetic damage indexes (DIs). After dimension reduction steps, obtained DI values correlates extremely well with the corrosion pit radius. Using a linear model relating those DI values to corrosion pit radius, it is demonstrated that corrosion pit from 30  µm to 150  µm can be reliably detected, located, and their upcoming size extrapolated. Two independent experiments were achieved in order to ensure the repeatability of the proposed approach. LW managed by a sparse PZT array thus appears to be reliable and efficient to monitor growth of µm-sized corrosion pits on 316L steel plates. If embedded in aeronautical structure, such an approach could be a versatile and cost-effective alternative to actual non-destructive maintenance procedures that are time and manpower consuming.

腐蚀是航空工业的一大威胁，无论是在安全方面还是在成本方面都是如此。因此，需要高效、多功能和成本低廉的腐蚀监测解决方案。超声波λ波（LW）在腐蚀监测方面似乎非常有效，如果由稀疏的压电元件（PZT）阵列发射和接收，则可以实现成本效益和多功能性。本文评估了一种依靠稀疏 PZT 阵列的 LW 解决方案，该方案可监测不锈钢 316L 级钢板上微米级的腐蚀坑生长情况。实验中，腐蚀坑的大小由施加的电势和通过位于所需腐蚀坑位置的毛细管注入的腐蚀性氯化钠溶液进行电化学控制。与此同时，每隔 10 秒，通过在钢板背面粘接 4 个 PZT 的稀疏阵列发送和测量 LW，对腐蚀坑的生长进行现场监测。作为基本信息，腐蚀坑体积是根据腐蚀过程中平衡电子电荷交换的溶解体积估算的。此外，实验后还将通过光学测量精确检查腐蚀坑半径。然后对测量到的 LW 信号进行后处理，以计算出一组合成损伤指数（DI）。经过尺寸缩减步骤后，得到的 DI 值与腐蚀坑半径的相关性非常好。使用将 DI 值与腐蚀坑半径相关联的线性模型，可以可靠地检测、定位 30 µm 至 150 µm 的腐蚀坑，并推断其即将出现的大小。为了确保所提方法的可重复性，我们进行了两次独立实验。因此，用稀疏的 PZT 阵列管理 LW 似乎是监测 316L 钢板上微米级腐蚀坑生长的可靠而有效的方法。如果将这种方法嵌入到航空结构中，那么它将成为一种多功能且具有成本效益的替代方法，取代耗时耗力的实际非破坏性维护程序。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced integrated acoustofluidics with printed circuit board electrodes attached to piezoelectric film coated substrate 印刷电路板电极附着在压电薄膜涂层基板上的增强集成声流

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107531

Chao Sun , Roman Mikhaylov , Xiaoye Yang , Xiaoyan Zhang , Kungui Feng , Tengfei Zheng , Yong-Qing Fu , Xin Yang

The current key issues in applying acoustofluidics in engineering lie in the inflexibility of manufacturing processes, particularly those involving modifications to piezoelectric materials and devices. This leads to inefficient prototyping and potentially high costs. To overcome these limitations, we proposed a technique that is capable of prototyping acoustofluidic devices in a straightforward manner. This is achieved by simply clamping a printed circuit board (PCB) featuring interdigital electrodes (IDEs) onto a substrate coated with a piezoelectric thin film. By applying appropriate clamping force between the PCB and the substrate, one can effectively generate surface acoustic waves (SAWs) along the surface of the substrate. This approach simplifies the prototyping process, reducing the complexity and fabrication time. The clamping mechanism allows for easy adjustment and optimization of the SAW generation, enabling fine-tuning of the fluid and particle manipulation capabilities. Furthermore, this method allows for customizable interdigital transducers (IDTs) by ‘patterning’ IDEs on thin-film piezoelectric substrates (such as ZnO/Al and ZnO/Si) with various anisotropy orientations. This facilitates the on-demand generation of wave modes, including A0 and S0 Lamb waves, Rayleigh waves, and Sezawa waves. One notable advantage of this method is its capability to rapidly test acoustic wave patterns and performance on any substrate, offering a fast and streamlined approach to assess acoustic behaviors across diverse materials, thereby paving the way for efficient exploration of novel materials in SAW technology.

目前在工程中应用声流体学的关键问题在于制造过程的不灵活性，特别是那些涉及到压电材料和器件的修改。这将导致低效的原型和潜在的高成本。为了克服这些限制，我们提出了一种能够以直接的方式制作声流体装置原型的技术。这是通过简单地将具有数字间电极（ide）的印刷电路板（PCB）夹在涂有压电薄膜的基板上实现的。通过在PCB和基板之间施加适当的夹紧力，可以沿基板表面有效地产生表面声波（saw）。这种方法简化了原型制作过程，减少了复杂性和制造时间。夹紧机构可以轻松调整和优化SAW生成，实现流体和颗粒操作能力的微调。此外，该方法允许通过在具有各种各向异性取向的薄膜压电衬底（如ZnO/Al和ZnO/Si）上“图像化”ide来定制数字间换能器（idt）。这有助于按需生成波型，包括A0和S0 Lamb波、Rayleigh波和Sezawa波。这种方法的一个显著优点是它能够快速测试任何基板上的声波模式和性能，提供了一种快速和简化的方法来评估不同材料的声学行为，从而为SAW技术中新材料的有效探索铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature-compensated acoustoelastic measurements of the stress in bolts 螺栓应力的温度补偿声弹性测量

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107532

Yuqiang Han, Haiying Huang, Wenlu Cai, Minghai Li, Yongjian Mao, Chong Li

Temperature is an important factor influencing the results of non-destructive acoustoelastic measurements of the internal stress in objects like bolts owing to its impact on the elastic modulus of the material. However, conventional methods that seek to obtain the temperature field of the measurement object independently suffer from high complexity and low accuracy. The present work addresses this issue by developing a method that eliminates the influence of temperature on the acoustoelastic measurements of stress in bolts based on the time interval between the head and coda waves of ultrasonic signals. The origin of coda waves in rod-shaped objects is investigated theoretically, and this understanding is applied for analyzing the relationship between the temperature and internal stress of the object and the time interval between the head and coda waves of ultrasonic signals. The analysis demonstrates that the observed time interval is related to temperature and stress in accordance with a linear relationship with the velocity of the longitudinal wave and the rod diameter. Finally, the obtained relationship is applied within an acoustoelastic measurement model to eliminate the influence of temperature from the measurement results.

温度对材料的弹性模量有影响，是影响螺栓等物体内应力无损测量结果的重要因素。然而，传统的独立获取被测物体温度场的方法存在复杂性高、精度低的问题。目前的工作通过开发一种方法来解决这个问题，该方法消除了温度对基于超声波信号的头波和尾波之间的时间间隔的螺栓应力声弹性测量的影响。从理论上研究了杆状物体尾波的起源，并应用这一认识分析了物体的温度和内应力与超声信号头尾波间隔时间的关系。分析表明，观测时间间隔与温度和应力的关系与纵波速度和杆径呈线性关系。最后，将得到的关系应用于声弹性测量模型中，消除了温度对测量结果的影响。

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引用次数: 0

The parameter mapping of power ultrasonic transducer model. 功率超声换能器模型的参数映射。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107533

Junfan Fu, Bin Lin, Tianyi Sui, Baokun Dong

The vibration and electrical characteristics of transducer is determined by material coefficients and geometry, with material coefficients being susceptible to factors including frequency, pressure, and temperature, which leads to poor repeatability of transducer characteristics. Consequently, it is challenging to provide an accurate theoretical model to predict the characteristics based on the current material coefficients. To achieve a more accurate transducer model, a measurement method is proposed based on the mapping between material coefficients and transducer characteristic parameters to obtain accurate coefficients under working conditions with simple equipment and lower costs. The mapping is analyzed based on the transducer model, identifying five key coefficients. An iterative optimization method is then developed to measure these coefficients. Additionally, the genetic algorithm (GA) method is utilized for cross-checking. Transducers made from seven different materials and with varying lengths are measured, and the coefficients are obtained by both methods. With the obtained coefficients, the vibration and electrical characteristics of multi-material transducers is predicted and found to be in good agreement with the measured values, validating the transducer model and the coefficient measurement method. These coefficients are then compared with results obtained from a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and reference values. The results demonstrate that theoretical coefficients obtained by the proposed method lead to more accurate predictions for the vibration and electrical characteristics compared to those obtained from the DMA and reference values. Furthermore, the influence of frequency on the coefficients is studied by the method. The iterative method and GA method are compared in terms of their relative errors.

换能器的振动和电气特性是由材料系数和几何形状决定的，而材料系数容易受到频率、压力、温度等因素的影响，导致换能器特性的可重复性差。因此，提供一个准确的理论模型来预测基于当前材料系数的特性是具有挑战性的。为了获得更精确的换能器模型，提出了一种基于材料系数与换能器特性参数映射关系的测量方法，以简单的设备和较低的成本获得工作条件下的准确系数。基于换能器模型对映射进行分析，确定了五个关键系数。然后提出了一种迭代优化方法来测量这些系数。此外，采用遗传算法（GA）进行交叉检查。测量了由七种不同材料和不同长度制成的换能器，并通过两种方法获得了系数。利用所得系数对多材料换能器的振动特性和电特性进行了预测，结果与实测值吻合较好，验证了换能器模型和系数测量方法的正确性。然后将这些系数与动态机械分析仪（DMA）和参考值获得的结果进行比较。结果表明，与从DMA和参考值获得的理论系数相比，用该方法获得的理论系数可以更准确地预测振动和电特性。此外，还研究了频率对系数的影响。比较了迭代法和遗传算法的相对误差。

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引用次数: 0

Twice reflected ultrasonic bulk wave for surface defect monitoring 用于表面缺陷监测的两次反射超声波体波

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107530

Voon-Kean Wong , Xiaotian Li , Yasmin Mohamed Yousry , Marilyne Philibert , Chao Jiang , David Boon Kiang Lim , Percis Teena Christopher Subhodayam , Zheng Fan , Kui Yao

This work offers an ultrasonic structural health monitoring (SHM) approach for assessing the defects located on the same surface and at one side of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer array. It is based on the analysis of ultrasonic bulk wave travelling in the thickness direction obtained from an enhanced full-skip configuration of the time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) technique. In contrast to existing TOFD setup only considering the direct paths between the ultrasonic transducer and defect, our ultrasound monitoring configuration involves twice reflected ultrasonic bulk wave (TRBW). The TRBW travels following the propagation route from an ultrasonic transmitter located at the same side of the defect initiated, the backwall, the defect tip, the backwall again and finally to the same or another ultrasonic transducer. Both theoretical analyses and experimental validations have been conducted in our study. A simplified algorithm for efficient detection and mapping the growth of a surface defect in an aluminum alloy block has been demonstrated with an incremental surface defect growth starting from 2.80 mm in depth, in which conformable direct-write ultrasonic transducers (DWT) made of in-situ piezoelectric coating are implemented. Our approach provides an ultrasonic method for effective monitoring the near surface defects with the ultrasonic transducers conveniently implemented on the same surface and at the same side of the defects.

这项研究提供了一种超声波结构健康监测（SHM）方法，用于评估位于同一表面和压电超声波换能器阵列一侧的缺陷。该方法基于对飞行时间衍射（TOFD）技术的增强型全滑配置所获得的沿厚度方向传播的超声波体波的分析。与只考虑超声换能器和缺陷之间直接路径的现有 TOFD 设置不同，我们的超声监测配置涉及两次反射超声体波（TRBW）。TRBW 的传播路线是从位于缺陷同侧的超声波发射器开始，经过后墙、缺陷尖端、后墙，最后到达同一个或另一个超声波换能器。我们在研究中进行了理论分析和实验验证。我们展示了一种用于有效检测和绘制铝合金块表面缺陷生长图的简化算法，其表面缺陷从 2.80 毫米深度开始递增，其中采用了由原位压电涂层制成的保形直写超声换能器 (DWT)。我们的方法提供了一种有效监测近表面缺陷的超声波方法，超声波换能器可以方便地安装在缺陷的同一表面和同一侧。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical and experimental study of echogenicity in 3D-printed tissue-mimicking materials. 3d打印仿组织材料回波性的数值与实验研究。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107518

Hossein Kamalinia, Merlin Bonnevay, Andrea Barbarulo, Elsa Vennat, Bing Tie

The main focus of this work is the echogenicity of a 3D-printed synthetic composite material that mimics the acoustic properties of cardiac biological tissues to provide ultrasound images similar to those obtained during interventional cardiology procedures. The 3D-printed material studied is a polymer-based composite with a matrix-inclusion microstructure, which plays a critical role in ultrasound response due to ultrasound-microstructure interaction at the involved medical echography wavelengths. Both numerical simulations and experimental observations are carried out to quantitatively establish the relationship between the 3D-printed microstructure and its ultrasonic echogenicity, considering different microstructure characteristics, namely area fraction and size of the inclusion, and its actual printed shape. A numerical evaluation based on finite element modeling is carried out to characterize the acoustic properties of the 3D-printed synthetic tissue: phase velocity, attenuation coefficient, and B-mode ultrasound images. Moreover, a morphological experimental study of the shape of the real 3D-printed inclusions is carried out. It shows a significant deviation of the final printed inclusions compared to the input spherical shape delivered to the 3D printer. By simulating and comparing numerically generated microstructures and 3D-printed real microstructures, it is shown that the actual shape of the inclusion is significant in the scattering of the ultrasonic wave and the echogenicity of the printed material.

这项工作的主要重点是3d打印合成复合材料的回声性，该材料模仿心脏生物组织的声学特性，提供类似于在介入性心脏病学过程中获得的超声图像。所研究的3d打印材料是一种基于聚合物的复合材料，具有基体-夹杂微观结构，由于超声-微观结构在相关医学超声波长下的相互作用，在超声响应中起着关键作用。通过数值模拟和实验观察，定量建立3d打印微观结构与其超声回波性之间的关系，同时考虑不同的微观结构特征，即夹杂物的面积分数和尺寸，以及其实际打印形状。基于有限元建模的数值评估对3d打印合成组织的声学特性进行了表征：相速度、衰减系数和b型超声图像。此外，对真实3d打印夹杂物的形状进行了形态学实验研究。它显示了最终打印的内含物与交付给3D打印机的输入球形相比的显著偏差。通过对数值生成的微结构和3d打印的真实微结构进行模拟和比较，结果表明，夹杂物的实际形状对超声波的散射和打印材料的回波性有显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

Development of signal processing algorithms for delamination detection in composite laminates using non-contact excited Lamb waves 利用非接触激发的 Lamb 波开发复合材料层压板分层检测信号处理算法

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107524

Lea A.C. Lecointre , Ryo Higuchi , Tomohiro Yokozeki , Naoki Hosoya , Shin-ichi Takeda

A novel Signal Processing algorithm based on the combination of a Wavelet Transform Analysis and Image Processing techniques is designed for assessing the delamination detectability of Lamb Waves generated with an innovative fully non-contact system in CFRP plates. Several Damage Indexes are extracted from the wavefields in spatial-time–frequency domain and plotted as surface cartographies to visualise their ability to size and localise artificial delaminations. Results show that the algorithm is efficient for characterising the waves propagation and that sophisticated Image comparison indexes show better ability to detect the artificial defects and to recognise healthy zones despite signal measurement and calculation uncertainties.

设计了一种基于小波变换分析和图像处理技术相结合的新型信号处理算法，用于评估使用创新的完全非接触式系统在 CFRP 板材中产生的λ波的分层可探测性。从空间-时间-频率域的波场中提取了多个损伤指数，并绘制成表面制图，以直观地显示其大小和定位人工分层的能力。结果表明，该算法能有效描述波的传播特征，而且尽管信号测量和计算存在不确定性，但复杂的图像比较指数能更好地检测人工缺陷并识别健康区域。

引用次数: 0

Numerical estimation of ultrasonic phase velocity and attenuation for longitudinal and shear waves in polycrystalline materials. 多晶材料中纵波和横波的超声相速度和衰减的数值估计。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107517

Vincent Dorval, Nicolas Leymarie, Alexandre Imperiale, Edouard Demaldent, Pierre-Emile Lhuillier

Finite element computations offer ways to study the behavior of ultrasonic waves in polycrystals. In particular, the simulation of plane waves propagation through small representative elementary volumes of a microstructure allows estimating velocities and scattering-induced attenuation for an effective homogeneous material. Existing works on this topic have focused mainly on longitudinal waves. The approach presented here relies on generating periodic samples of microstructures in order to accommodate both longitudinal and shear waves. After some discussion on the parametrization of the simulations and the numerical errors, results are shown for several materials. These results are compared to an established theoretical attenuation model that has been adapted to use a fully analytical expression of the two-point correlation function for the polycrystals of interest, and to use velocities corresponding to different reference media. Promising comparisons are obtained for both longitudinal and shear waves when using more representative media, obtained through Hill averaging or a self-consistent approach. This illustrates how the numerical method can assist in developing and validating analytical models for elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous media.

有限元计算为研究超声在多晶体中的行为提供了途径。特别是，平面波通过微观结构的小代表性基本体积传播的模拟允许估计有效均匀材料的速度和散射诱导衰减。关于这一主题的现有工作主要集中在纵波上。这里提出的方法依赖于产生微观结构的周期性样本，以适应纵波和横波。在讨论了模拟的参数化和数值误差后，给出了几种材料的模拟结果。这些结果与已建立的理论衰减模型进行了比较，该模型已适应使用感兴趣的多晶体两点相关函数的完全解析表达式，并使用对应于不同参考介质的速度。当使用更具代表性的介质，通过希尔平均或自洽方法获得时，纵波和横波都得到了有希望的比较。这说明了数值方法如何帮助开发和验证弹性波在非均质介质中的传播的分析模型。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of moisture on the diffusion of ultrasound in concrete 水分对超声波在混凝土中扩散的影响

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107529

Eunjong Ahn , Homin Song , Myoungsu Shin , John S. Popovics

This study aimed to investigate the effects of internal moisture migration and subsequent drying-shrinkage-induced micro-cracking in concrete on diffuse ultrasound, through a series of experiments that comprised multiple drying and rewetting cycles carried out over the long-term. Cyclic drying and wetting phenomena in concrete were physically established following a predefined protocol and were traced measuring the mass change of specimens. Diffuse-wave tests were conducted using a pair of PZT patches bonded to cylindrical specimens, which acted as the ultrasonic transmitter and receiver in the range of 250–550 kHz. The results present that measured diffuse-wave parameters, diffusivity and dissipation, showed distinct varying and cyclic behaviors to drying and wetting processes, but they did not recover their original values in the saturated condition, revealing possible micro-cracking damage caused by the drying process, which should be understood to improve the reliability of diffuse ultrasound measurements in concrete subjected to environmental changes.

本研究旨在通过一系列长期进行的多次干燥和再湿润循环实验，研究混凝土内部水分迁移和随后干燥收缩引起的微裂缝对漫射超声波的影响。混凝土中的循环干燥和润湿现象是按照预定方案通过物理方法确定的，并通过测量试样的质量变化进行追踪。扩散波测试使用一对粘接在圆柱形试样上的 PZT 贴片进行，这对贴片充当 250-550 kHz 范围内的超声波发射器和接收器。结果表明，测得的扩散波参数、扩散率和耗散率在干燥和湿润过程中表现出明显的变化和循环行为，但在饱和状态下没有恢复其原始值，揭示了干燥过程可能造成的微裂缝破坏，应了解这一点以提高受环境变化影响的混凝土中扩散超声测量的可靠性。

引用次数: 0

Near-surface defect detection in ultrasonic testing using domain-knowledge-informed self-supervised learning 利用基于领域知识的自监督学习进行超声波测试中的近表面缺陷检测

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107528

Minsu Jeon , Minseok Choi , Wonjae Choi , Jong Moon Ha , Hyunseok Oh

Recently, significant research efforts have been made to enhance ultrasonic testing (UT) by employing artificial intelligence (AI). However, collecting an extensive amount of labeled data across various testing environments to train the AI model poses significant challenges. Moreover, conventional UT typically focuses on detecting deep-depth defects, which limits the effectiveness of such methods in detecting near-surface defects. To this end, this paper proposes a novel near-surface defect detection method for ultrasonic testing that can be employed without collecting labeled data. We propose a self-supervised anomaly detection model that incorporates domain knowledge. First, synthetic faulty samples are generated by fusing the measured UT signals with the back-wall UT reflection signals, to simulate real faulty features. Unlike the CutPaste method used for computer vision applications, this synthesis method adds the back-wall echo signal to random locations by incorporating the physical principles of the superposition of ultrasonic signals. Next, a de-anomaly network is devised to isolate subtle defect features within the measured UT signals. The presence of defects was determined using the three-sigma rule of the mean absolute value of the residual output. The defect depth is determined by a time-of-flight calculation from the residual output. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated through the UT of aluminum blocks with near-surface defects of varying depths under different surface conditions. Both qualitative and quantitative comparison studies demonstrated that the proposed method outperformed existing methods in detecting the presence and depth of near-surface defects.

最近，通过采用人工智能（AI）来增强超声波测试（UT）的研究取得了重大进展。然而，在各种测试环境中收集大量标记数据来训练人工智能模型是一项重大挑战。此外，传统的 UT 通常侧重于检测深层缺陷，这限制了此类方法在检测近表面缺陷方面的有效性。为此，本文提出了一种新颖的超声波检测近表面缺陷检测方法，该方法无需收集标记数据即可使用。我们提出了一种结合领域知识的自监督异常检测模型。首先，通过将测量到的 UT 信号与后墙 UT 反射信号融合，生成合成故障样本，以模拟真实的故障特征。与计算机视觉应用中使用的剪贴法不同，这种合成方法通过结合超声波信号叠加的物理原理，在随机位置添加后墙回波信号。接下来，设计了一个去异常网络，以隔离测量到的 UT 信号中细微的缺陷特征。利用残差输出平均绝对值的三西格玛法则确定是否存在缺陷。缺陷深度通过残差输出的飞行时间计算来确定。通过在不同表面条件下对存在不同深度近表面缺陷的铝块进行 UT，评估了所建议方法的有效性。定性和定量对比研究表明，在检测近表面缺陷的存在和深度方面，所提出的方法优于现有方法。

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引用次数: 0