Pub Date : 2024-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107482
Chandni A P, Suchitra Vattapparambil Chandran, Binitha N. Narayanan
In the present work, a green high-yielding method for the preparation of graphene is introduced via ultrasonic-assisted liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphite in a green solvent medium, since the common preparation method of graphene via graphite oxide is hazardous. A high concentration of 3.2 mg/ml graphene is achieved here in a comparatively short duration of 3 h ultrasonication. By using a mixed solvents strategy (acetophenone and isopropyl alcohol, 1:19 V/V), surface energy requirements needed for the exfoliation of graphite are satisfied here with acetophenone, where isopropyl alcohol further facilitated the exfoliation via non-conventional CH-π and OH-π interactions. Turbostratic graphene in high-yield (16 %) in a simple means of ultrasonic assisted LPE is the added attraction of the present procedure. The less-defective structure of graphene, its few-layered turbostratic nature, and edge functionalization of the sheets are evident from the material characterization via Raman spectroscopy, XRD, TEM-SAED, and XPS analyses. Here, we report a combination of the attractive conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) with the as-prepared graphene for supercapacitor applications, where the PANI/graphene nanocomposites with different aniline concentrations (PANI1.125/G, PANI4.5/G, and PANI9/G) have been prepared via in-situ polymerization of aniline in the graphene dispersion. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposites are investigated using different characterization techniques which revealed that the molecular structure of the PANI is retained in the nanocomposites even with a strong interaction with graphene. FESEM and TEM images revealed the good coverage of graphene sheets with PANI that limit the volume change of PANI during the repeated charge-discharge processes. Electrochemical studies showed that PANI4.5/G has the highest specific capacitance of 126.16 mF/cm2 at a current density of 1 mA/cm2, resulting from the perfect combination of the pseudocapacitance behavior of the PANI along with the electrical double layer capacitance of graphene. A symmetric supercapacitor device is also fabricated with PANI4.5/G, which showed the highest areal capacitance of 116.38 mF/cm2 similar to that with three-electrode studies and also good cycling stability with 87 % capacitance retention in the specific capacitance after 6000 cycles. It also exhibited an energy density of 16 µWh/cm2 (0.29 Wh/kg) and a power density of 3.99 mW/cm2 (72.72 W/kg).
{"title":"An environmentally sustainable ultrasonic-assisted exfoliation approach to graphene and its nanocompositing with polyaniline for supercapacitor applications","authors":"Chandni A P, Suchitra Vattapparambil Chandran, Binitha N. Narayanan","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, a green high-yielding method for the preparation of graphene is introduced via ultrasonic-assisted liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphite in a green solvent medium, since the common preparation method of graphene via graphite oxide is hazardous. A high concentration of 3.2 mg/ml graphene is achieved here in a comparatively short duration of 3 h ultrasonication. By using a mixed solvents strategy (acetophenone and isopropyl alcohol, 1:19 V/V), surface energy requirements needed for the exfoliation of graphite are satisfied here with acetophenone, where isopropyl alcohol further facilitated the exfoliation via non-conventional CH-π and OH-π interactions. Turbostratic graphene in high-yield (16 %) in a simple means of ultrasonic assisted LPE is the added attraction of the present procedure. The less-defective structure of graphene, its few-layered turbostratic nature, and edge functionalization of the sheets are evident from the material characterization via Raman spectroscopy, XRD, TEM-SAED, and XPS analyses. Here, we report a combination of the attractive conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) with the as-prepared graphene for supercapacitor applications, where the PANI/graphene nanocomposites with different aniline concentrations (PANI1.125/G, PANI4.5/G, and PANI9/G) have been prepared via in-situ polymerization of aniline in the graphene dispersion. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposites are investigated using different characterization techniques which revealed that the molecular structure of the PANI is retained in the nanocomposites even with a strong interaction with graphene. FESEM and TEM images revealed the good coverage of graphene sheets with PANI that limit the volume change of PANI during the repeated charge-discharge processes. Electrochemical studies showed that PANI4.5/G has the highest specific capacitance of 126.16 mF/cm<sup>2</sup> at a current density of 1 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, resulting from the perfect combination of the pseudocapacitance behavior of the PANI along with the electrical double layer capacitance of graphene. A symmetric supercapacitor device is also fabricated with PANI4.5/G, which showed the highest areal capacitance of 116.38 mF/cm<sup>2</sup> similar to that with three-electrode studies and also good cycling stability with 87 % capacitance retention in the specific capacitance after 6000 cycles. It also exhibited an energy density of 16 µWh/cm<sup>2</sup> (0.29 Wh/kg) and a power density of 3.99 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> (72.72 W/kg).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107478
Sourav Banerjee
In quantum mechanics, spin is a physical property that dominates the topological behaviors. While manifesting the spin states they reveal complex interaction of physical parameters in a topological media. The guided waves’ inherent spin states are made of real physical spin angular momentum from the superposition of elastic waves. Thus, here the elastic spin state that naturally manifests by the ultrasonic guided waves in an elastic wave guide is explained through quantum analogous perspective. Guided wave modes are the superposition of two longitudinally polarized and two transverse polarized elastic wave potentials propagating in diverging and converging pattern. Spin nature of transverse waves is well known. Spin nature of longitudinal waves is also recently being explored. However, due to the unique modal superposition of guided Rayleigh-Lamb wave modes the physical understanding of spin state is incomplete for the guided waves in a bounded media. Unlike only one hybrid spin states described in earlier works, guided waves may manifest total six with four well defined hybrid spin states explicitly derived and explained in this article. These six spin states play crucial role in the physics of spin-momentum locking of guided waves. Two spin states originated from the interaction of similar potentials and four hybris spin states originated from the interaction of potentials with different directions of wave vector and polarization vector, as emerged in guided waves. Understanding from fundamentals and exploiting the phenomena of spin-momentum locking in guided waves may have several applications in nondestructive evaluation.
{"title":"Quantum analogous spin states of ultrasonic guided waves","authors":"Sourav Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In quantum mechanics, spin is a physical property that dominates the topological behaviors. While manifesting the spin states they reveal complex interaction of physical parameters in a topological media. The guided waves’ inherent spin states are made of real physical spin angular momentum from the superposition of elastic waves. Thus, here the elastic spin state that naturally manifests by the ultrasonic guided waves in an elastic wave guide is explained through quantum analogous perspective. Guided wave modes are the superposition of two longitudinally polarized and two transverse polarized elastic wave potentials propagating in diverging and converging pattern. Spin nature of transverse waves is well known. Spin nature of longitudinal waves is also recently being explored. However, due to the unique modal superposition of guided Rayleigh-Lamb wave modes the physical understanding of spin state is incomplete for the guided waves in a bounded media. Unlike only one hybrid spin states described in earlier works, guided waves may manifest total six with four well defined hybrid spin states explicitly derived and explained in this article. These six spin states play crucial role in the physics of spin-momentum locking of guided waves. Two spin states originated from the interaction of similar potentials and four hybris spin states originated from the interaction of potentials with different directions of wave vector and polarization vector, as emerged in guided waves. Understanding from fundamentals and exploiting the phenomena of spin-momentum locking in guided waves may have several applications in nondestructive evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 107478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107481
Haowei Tai , Kourosh Kalayeh , James A. Ashton-Miller , John O. DeLancey , J. Brian Fowlkes
<div><div>A decrease in urethral closure pressure is one of the primary causes of stress urinary incontinence in women. Atrophy of the urethral muscles is a primary factor in the 15 % age-related decline in urethral closure pressure per decade. Incontinence not only affects the well-being of women but is also a leading cause of nursing home admission. The objective of this research was to develop a noninvasive test to assess urethral tissue microenvironmental changes using multiparametric ultrasound (mpUS) imaging technique. Transperineal B-scan ultrasound (US) data were captured using clinical scanners equipped with curvilinear or linear transducers. Imaging was performed on volunteers from our institution medical center (n = 15, 22 to 76 y.o.) during Valsalva maneuvers. After expert delineation of the region of interest in each frame, the central axis of the urethra was automatically defined to determine the angle between the urethra and the US beam for further analysis. By integrating angle-dependent backscatter with radiomic texture feature analysis, a mpUS technique was developed to identify biomarkers that reflect subtle microstructural changes expected within the urethral tissue. The process was repeated when the urethra and US beam were at a fixed angle. Texture selection was conducted for both angle-dependent and angle-independent results to remove redundancies. Ultimately, a distinct biomarker was derived using a random forest regression model to compute the urethra score based on features selected from both processes. Angle-dependent backscatter analysis shows that the calculated slope of US mean image intensity decreased by 0.89 (±0.31) % annually, consistent with the expected atrophic disorganization of urethral tissue structure and the associated reduction in urethral closure pressure with age. Additionally, textural analysis performed at a specific angle (i.e., 40 degrees) revealed changes in gray level nonuniformity, skewness, and correlation by 0.08 (±0.04) %, −2.16 (±1.14) %, and −0.32 (±0.35) % per year, respectively. The urethra score was ultimately determined by combining data selected from both angle-dependent and angle-independent analysis strategies using a random forest regression model with age, yielding an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.96 and a p-value less than 0.001. The proposed mpUS tissue characterization technique not only holds promise for guiding future urethral tissue characterization studies without the need for tissue biopsies or invasive functional testing but also aims to minimize observer-induced variability. By leveraging mpUS imaging strategies that account for angle dependence, it provides more accurate assessments. Notably, the urethra score, calculated from US images that reflect tissue microstructural changes, serves as a potential biomarker providing clinicians with deeper insight into urethral tissue function and may aid in diagnosing and managing related conditions while helping to determine the causes
{"title":"Urethral tissue characterization using multiparametric ultrasound imaging","authors":"Haowei Tai , Kourosh Kalayeh , James A. Ashton-Miller , John O. DeLancey , J. Brian Fowlkes","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A decrease in urethral closure pressure is one of the primary causes of stress urinary incontinence in women. Atrophy of the urethral muscles is a primary factor in the 15 % age-related decline in urethral closure pressure per decade. Incontinence not only affects the well-being of women but is also a leading cause of nursing home admission. The objective of this research was to develop a noninvasive test to assess urethral tissue microenvironmental changes using multiparametric ultrasound (mpUS) imaging technique. Transperineal B-scan ultrasound (US) data were captured using clinical scanners equipped with curvilinear or linear transducers. Imaging was performed on volunteers from our institution medical center (n = 15, 22 to 76 y.o.) during Valsalva maneuvers. After expert delineation of the region of interest in each frame, the central axis of the urethra was automatically defined to determine the angle between the urethra and the US beam for further analysis. By integrating angle-dependent backscatter with radiomic texture feature analysis, a mpUS technique was developed to identify biomarkers that reflect subtle microstructural changes expected within the urethral tissue. The process was repeated when the urethra and US beam were at a fixed angle. Texture selection was conducted for both angle-dependent and angle-independent results to remove redundancies. Ultimately, a distinct biomarker was derived using a random forest regression model to compute the urethra score based on features selected from both processes. Angle-dependent backscatter analysis shows that the calculated slope of US mean image intensity decreased by 0.89 (±0.31) % annually, consistent with the expected atrophic disorganization of urethral tissue structure and the associated reduction in urethral closure pressure with age. Additionally, textural analysis performed at a specific angle (i.e., 40 degrees) revealed changes in gray level nonuniformity, skewness, and correlation by 0.08 (±0.04) %, −2.16 (±1.14) %, and −0.32 (±0.35) % per year, respectively. The urethra score was ultimately determined by combining data selected from both angle-dependent and angle-independent analysis strategies using a random forest regression model with age, yielding an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.96 and a p-value less than 0.001. The proposed mpUS tissue characterization technique not only holds promise for guiding future urethral tissue characterization studies without the need for tissue biopsies or invasive functional testing but also aims to minimize observer-induced variability. By leveraging mpUS imaging strategies that account for angle dependence, it provides more accurate assessments. Notably, the urethra score, calculated from US images that reflect tissue microstructural changes, serves as a potential biomarker providing clinicians with deeper insight into urethral tissue function and may aid in diagnosing and managing related conditions while helping to determine the causes","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107476
Jin-Yeon Kim
This paper investigates the velocity of ultrasonic diffusion in heterogeneous media under the conditions where the diffuse wave approximation is valid (). The diffusion velocity is defined as the moving speed of the peak of the energy evolution curve. The peak arrival time as a function of transport distance is calculated for infinite spaces and bounded domains. The results show that the peak arrival time is independent of the domain’s geometry, i.e. the size, shape, and boundary conditions. This is confirmed by comparing the arrival times in an infinite space and a bounded domain with a geometric feature – a surface-breaking crack of varying depth. Therefore, the velocity of ultrasonic diffusion is an intrinsic property of a medium, and the formula for the infinite three-dimensional space is sufficient to calculate the arrival time–transport distance relationship, given the diffuse properties of the medium. These findings eliminate the needs for the finite element numerical simulations in the applications to determine geometric parameters such as the crack depth using diffuse ultrasound. The diffusion velocity is a function of transport distance in general, while its far-field asymptotic value is constant regardless of the dimensionality and geometry of the domain.
{"title":"Velocity of ultrasound diffusion in heterogeneous media and its applications","authors":"Jin-Yeon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the velocity of ultrasonic diffusion in heterogeneous media under the conditions where the diffuse wave approximation is valid (<span><math><mrow><mi>λ</mi><mo>≤</mo><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span>). The diffusion velocity is defined as the moving speed of the peak of the energy evolution curve. The peak arrival time as a function of transport distance is calculated for infinite spaces and bounded domains. The results show that the peak arrival time is independent of the domain’s geometry, i.e. the size, shape, and boundary conditions. This is confirmed by comparing the arrival times in an infinite space and a bounded domain with a geometric feature – a surface-breaking crack of varying depth. Therefore, the velocity of ultrasonic diffusion is an intrinsic property of a medium, and the formula for the infinite three-dimensional space is sufficient to calculate the arrival time–transport distance relationship, given the diffuse properties of the medium. These findings eliminate the needs for the finite element numerical simulations in the applications to determine geometric parameters such as the crack depth using diffuse ultrasound. The diffusion velocity is a function of transport distance in general, while its far-field asymptotic value is constant regardless of the dimensionality and geometry of the domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107469
Héctor Alarcón , Belfor Galaz , David Espíndola
The cubic nonlinearity of shear wave propagation plays a significant role in brain injury biomechanics. However, soft materials, like the brain, also support the propagation of surface waves, which produce a combination of longitudinal and transverse deformation. The order of the nonlinearity of surface waves in soft materials is still unknown. Here, we directly observe nonlinear Scholte waves propagating in an interface formed by an incompressible gelatin tissue-mimicking phantom and a water layer using ultrasound imaging operated as fast as 16667 frames per second. A two-dimensional correlation-based tracking algorithm was utilized to extract movies of the movement produced by the surface wave. Our results show that the initially nearly monochromatic wave becomes progressively distorted with the propagation due to nonlinearity. The distortion of the wave and its frequency spectrum indicate a high content of odd harmonics when compared with even harmonics. Additionally, by fitting our experimental data to a minimalist one-dimensional model based on the wave speed variation as a function of the perturbation amplitude, we found a cubic nonlinear parameter 46 times larger than the quadratic nonlinear parameter. Overall, the wave distortion, the harmonic development, and the dependence of the wave speed with the amplitude prove that cubic nonlinearity is essential to modeling nonlinear Scholte wave propagation.
{"title":"Cubic nonlinearity and surface shock waves in soft tissue-like materials","authors":"Héctor Alarcón , Belfor Galaz , David Espíndola","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cubic nonlinearity of shear wave propagation plays a significant role in brain injury biomechanics. However, soft materials, like the brain, also support the propagation of surface waves, which produce a combination of longitudinal and transverse deformation. The order of the nonlinearity of surface waves in soft materials is still unknown. Here, we directly observe nonlinear Scholte waves propagating in an interface formed by an incompressible gelatin tissue-mimicking phantom and a water layer using ultrasound imaging operated as fast as 16667 frames per second. A two-dimensional correlation-based tracking algorithm was utilized to extract movies of the movement produced by the surface wave. Our results show that the initially nearly monochromatic wave becomes progressively distorted with the propagation due to nonlinearity. The distortion of the wave and its frequency spectrum indicate a high content of odd harmonics when compared with even harmonics. Additionally, by fitting our experimental data to a minimalist one-dimensional model based on the wave speed variation as a function of the perturbation amplitude, we found a cubic nonlinear parameter 46 times larger than the quadratic nonlinear parameter. Overall, the wave distortion, the harmonic development, and the dependence of the wave speed with the amplitude prove that cubic nonlinearity is essential to modeling nonlinear Scholte wave propagation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142325951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107477
Juhwan Kim , Jinwoo Kim , Duk Kyu Lee , Eui-Ji Shin , Jin Ho Chang
Dermatological lesions are typically located just a few millimeters below the surface of the skin, which constrains the efficacy of optical-based therapeutic methods such as photothermal and photodynamic therapy due to limited therapeutic depth caused by optical scattering. As an alternative, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been explored for its potential to treat a variety of dermatological conditions because it offers greater flexibility in terms of treatment depth. Since dermatological lesions have a small thickness ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 mm, high-frequency ultrasound (3–10 MHz or higher) is preferred as the focal area is proportional to the operating frequency. However, due to the difficulty in fabricating HIFU array transducers at this frequency range, the majority of HIFU treatments for dermatology rely on single element transducers. Despite the advantages of HIFU, single-element-based HIFU systems are limited in prevalent use for dermatology treatment due to their fixed focal length and mechanical movement for treatment, which can be time-consuming and unsuitable for treating multiple lesions. To address this, we present a newly developed HIFU linear array and 128-channel driving electronics specifically designed for dermatology treatment. This array consists of 128 elements, has a center frequency of 3.7 MHz, an elevation focal length of 28 mm, and an F-number of 1.27 in the elevation direction. The array has a footprint of 71.6 mm by 22 mm. Experiments using a tissue-mimicking phantom have demonstrated that the HIFU linear array and system are capable of transmitting sufficient ultrasound energy to create coagulation inside the phantom.
{"title":"High-Intensity focused ultrasound linear array and system for dermatology treatment","authors":"Juhwan Kim , Jinwoo Kim , Duk Kyu Lee , Eui-Ji Shin , Jin Ho Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dermatological lesions are typically located just a few millimeters below the surface of the skin, which constrains the efficacy of optical-based therapeutic methods such as photothermal and photodynamic therapy due to limited therapeutic depth caused by optical scattering. As an alternative, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been explored for its potential to treat a variety of dermatological conditions because it offers greater flexibility in terms of treatment depth. Since dermatological lesions have a small thickness ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 mm, high-frequency ultrasound (3–10 MHz or higher) is preferred as the focal area is proportional to the operating frequency. However, due to the difficulty in fabricating HIFU array transducers at this frequency range, the majority of HIFU treatments for dermatology rely on single element transducers. Despite the advantages of HIFU, single-element-based HIFU systems are limited in prevalent use for dermatology treatment due to their fixed focal length and mechanical movement for treatment, which can be time-consuming and unsuitable for treating multiple lesions. To address this, we present a newly developed HIFU linear array and 128-channel driving electronics specifically designed for dermatology treatment. This array consists of 128 elements, has a center frequency of 3.7 MHz, an elevation focal length of 28 mm, and an F-number of 1.27 in the elevation direction. The array has a footprint of 71.6 mm by 22 mm. Experiments using a tissue-mimicking phantom have demonstrated that the HIFU linear array and system are capable of transmitting sufficient ultrasound energy to create coagulation inside the phantom.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107473
Nan Zhang , Caibin Xu , Liang Zeng , Mingxi Deng
This paper proposed a Lamb wave-based defect imaging method with multipath edge reflections, which can detect the crack-like defect in blind zones that is invisible for the conventional delay-and-sum algorithm. In the implementation process, mirror points of transducers with respect to all the four plate edges are firstly introduced as extra virtual transmitters and receivers. By assuming the defect position, all of the potential traveling paths of edge-reflected wave packets can be next traced. Considering it is always possible to find a matching path for a certain wave packet from these traced ones if there is really a defect at the assumed place, a damage index is thus established to estimate whether the assumption holds true. Based on that, the detection area can be imaged by altering the assumed defect position, calculating its index, and taking the index as pixel value. Subsequently, wave packets of different orders from various signals are also used to generate the corresponding images. A multiplication strategy is finally adopted to fuse all the results and eliminate the artifacts. In this manner, the final image of the detection area can be obtained. Both numerical and experimental cases have been carried out to prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. Results show that it can locate through-thickness cracks in different blind zones accurately, and the minimum relative error of these cases is only 1.12%.
{"title":"Blind zone defect imaging using multipath edge-reflected Lamb waves","authors":"Nan Zhang , Caibin Xu , Liang Zeng , Mingxi Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposed a Lamb wave-based defect imaging method with multipath edge reflections, which can detect the crack-like defect in blind zones that is invisible for the conventional delay-and-sum algorithm. In the implementation process, mirror points of transducers with respect to all the four plate edges are firstly introduced as extra virtual transmitters and receivers. By assuming the defect position, all of the potential traveling paths of edge-reflected wave packets can be next traced. Considering it is always possible to find a matching path for a certain wave packet from these traced ones if there is really a defect at the assumed place, a damage index is thus established to estimate whether the assumption holds true. Based on that, the detection area can be imaged by altering the assumed defect position, calculating its index, and taking the index as pixel value. Subsequently, wave packets of different orders from various signals are also used to generate the corresponding images. A multiplication strategy is finally adopted to fuse all the results and eliminate the artifacts. In this manner, the final image of the detection area can be obtained. Both numerical and experimental cases have been carried out to prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. Results show that it can locate through-thickness cracks in different blind zones accurately, and the minimum relative error of these cases is only 1.12%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107470
Ming Ma , He Gao, Xinze Guo , Zhongqing Su
The low transmission efficiency of ultrasonic waves in waveguides of a high acoustic impedance (referred to as dense materials), due to the impedance mismatch between the background media and the dense materials, poses a significant obstacle to practical applications of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) such as ultrasound therapy or medical imaging. To address this challenge, we present an inverse optimization scheme for fabrication of novel acoustic meta-lenses, enabling strengthened penetration and enhanced focusing of ultrasonic waves when the waves traverse barriers. Both simulation and experiment validate the effectiveness of the developed meta-lenses which are annexed to hemispherical plates, and demonstrate an enhanced transmission of the sound power by an order of magnitude compared to a scenario without the use of the meta-lens. The focal distance is reconfigurable by adjusting the geometric parameters of the meta-lenses. The proposed design philosophy is not restricted by the complexity of the target structures, and it allows the ultrasonic waves to pass through acoustic barriers with a non-uniform thickness yet maintaining efficient wave focusing. This study holds appealing applications in HIFU-enabled ultrasound imaging and therapy.
{"title":"Reconfigurable ultrasound focusing effect through acoustic barriers","authors":"Ming Ma , He Gao, Xinze Guo , Zhongqing Su","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low transmission efficiency of ultrasonic waves in waveguides of a high acoustic impedance (referred to as dense materials), due to the impedance mismatch between the background media and the dense materials, poses a significant obstacle to practical applications of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) such as ultrasound therapy or medical imaging. To address this challenge, we present an inverse optimization scheme for fabrication of novel acoustic <em>meta</em>-lenses, enabling strengthened penetration and enhanced focusing of ultrasonic waves when the waves traverse barriers. Both simulation and experiment validate the effectiveness of the developed <em>meta</em>-lenses which are annexed to hemispherical plates, and demonstrate an enhanced transmission of the sound power by an order of magnitude compared to a scenario without the use of the <em>meta</em>-lens. The focal distance is reconfigurable by adjusting the geometric parameters of the <em>meta</em>-lenses. The proposed design philosophy is not restricted by the complexity of the target structures, and it allows the ultrasonic waves to pass through acoustic barriers with a non-uniform thickness yet maintaining efficient wave focusing. This study holds appealing applications in HIFU-enabled ultrasound imaging and therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107471
Shun Lu , Pinliang Zhang , Qian Yu , Qiang Wu , Zizheng Gong , Menglong Liu
Micro-Meteoroid and Orbital Debris pose a significant threat to the safe operation of orbiting spacecraft, potentially leading to mission failure in space exploration. Quantitative characterization of hypervelocity impact (HVI) is crucial to ensure the safety and successful completion of on-orbit missions. Firstly, this study designed a three-layer sandwich structure of polyimide film with orthogonally laid resistive wires, combined with piezoelectric and resistive wire sensors, for the simultaneous acquisition of acoustic emission (AE) signals generated by HVI and measurement of perforation dimensions. Secondly, a semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) analysis of wave dispersion properties in the periodic sandwich structure is conducted with Bloch’s theorem, together with a hybrid model based on three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics and finite element methods (SPH-FEM) to comprehensively understand the AE waves and damage characteristics induced by HVI. The resulting anisotropic wave propagation characteristics with SAFE and SPH-FEM are closely matched. Thirdly, a time delay-multiplication (TDM) imaging algorithm considering wave velocity anisotropy is proposed for accurate real-time “visualization” of HVI locations. Lastly, correlations are established between projectile and perforation dimensions. The proposed algorithm for HVI multi-parameter quantification and damage detection helps evaluate the space HVI environment and HVI-induced damage to spacecraft.
{"title":"Insight into wave propagation in polyimide films and resistive grid sandwich structures towards a hybrid monitoring of hypervelocity impact","authors":"Shun Lu , Pinliang Zhang , Qian Yu , Qiang Wu , Zizheng Gong , Menglong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Micro-Meteoroid and Orbital Debris pose a significant threat to the safe operation of orbiting spacecraft, potentially leading to mission failure in space exploration. Quantitative characterization of hypervelocity impact (HVI) is crucial to ensure the safety and successful completion of on-orbit missions. Firstly, this study designed a three-layer sandwich structure of polyimide film with orthogonally laid resistive wires, combined with piezoelectric and resistive wire sensors, for the simultaneous acquisition of acoustic emission (AE) signals generated by HVI and measurement of perforation dimensions. Secondly, a semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) analysis of wave dispersion properties in the periodic sandwich structure is conducted with Bloch’s theorem, together with a hybrid model based on three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics and finite element methods (SPH-FEM) to comprehensively understand the AE waves and damage characteristics induced by HVI. The resulting anisotropic wave propagation characteristics with SAFE and SPH-FEM are closely matched. Thirdly, a time delay-multiplication (TDM) imaging algorithm considering wave velocity anisotropy is proposed for accurate real-time “visualization” of HVI locations. Lastly, correlations are established between projectile and perforation dimensions. The proposed algorithm for HVI multi-parameter quantification and damage detection helps evaluate the space HVI environment and HVI-induced damage to spacecraft.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107461
Wudi Du , Zhongde Shan , Feng Liu , Xiaochuan Wu , Zhe Chen , Guisheng Zou
The structure of three-dimensional (3D) preforms is the key to the performance of 3D reinforced composites. In order to improve the quality and efficiency of manufacturing, this paper originally proposes the ultrasonic vibration-assisted multi-cycle compaction method. Ultrasonic vibrations are applied, using a resonant 40 kHz compactor, to the compaction of 3D carbon fiber preform. Compared to the traditional method, the ultrasonic vibration-assisted multi-cycle compaction method can accelerate stress relaxation and reduce preform springback. The microstructure of preform is observed using x-ray computer tomography imaging. It elucidates the mechanism by which ultrasonic vibration promotes fiber slippage. The compaction forming experiment of preforms has proven that the ultrasonic vibration-assisted multi-cycle compaction method can reduce the compaction time, improving the forming quality. This can improve the technical support for the improvement of the manufacturing level of the 3D preform.
三维（3D）预制件的结构是三维增强复合材料性能的关键。为了提高制造质量和效率，本文最初提出了超声波振动辅助多循环压实法。利用共振频率为 40 kHz 的压实机对三维碳纤维预型件进行超声波振动压实。与传统方法相比，超声波振动辅助多循环压实法能加速应力松弛，减少预成型回弹。利用 X 射线计算机断层扫描成像技术观察了预成型件的微观结构。它阐明了超声振动促进纤维滑移的机理。预型件的压实成型实验证明，超声波振动辅助多循环压实法可以缩短压实时间，提高成型质量。这为提高三维预制棒的制造水平提供了技术支持。
{"title":"Research on ultrasonic-assisted vibration multi-cycle compaction method of flexible guided 3D weaving","authors":"Wudi Du , Zhongde Shan , Feng Liu , Xiaochuan Wu , Zhe Chen , Guisheng Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structure of three-dimensional (3D) preforms is the key to the performance of 3D reinforced composites. In order to improve the quality and efficiency of manufacturing, this paper originally proposes the ultrasonic vibration-assisted multi-cycle compaction method. Ultrasonic vibrations are applied, using a resonant 40 kHz compactor, to the compaction of 3D carbon fiber preform. Compared to the traditional method, the ultrasonic vibration-assisted multi-cycle compaction method can accelerate stress relaxation and reduce preform springback. The microstructure of preform is observed using x-ray computer tomography imaging. It elucidates the mechanism by which ultrasonic vibration promotes fiber slippage. The compaction forming experiment of preforms has proven that the ultrasonic vibration-assisted multi-cycle compaction method can reduce the compaction time, improving the forming quality. This can improve the technical support for the improvement of the manufacturing level of the 3D preform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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