A. Nababa, Hamisu Arma'yau Bichi, Sogbesan Amos Olukayode
Capture fishery is one of the dependable sources of fish protein and livelihood. This study investigated Ichthyofaunal diversity in Zobe reservoir for a period of twelve months (March 2020 to February 2021). Individual fishermen catch was used throughout the study period, where each of the five (5) Landing sites was visited twice monthly for catch assessment survey. Fish samples were randomly collected from 5 canoes/fishermen per sampling unit and catches examined. Thirteen (13) fish species (Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus, Schilbe mystus, Synodontis membranaceous, niloticus, Bagrus docmac, Bagrus bayad, Alestes dentex, Tilapia Mozambique, Clarias anguilaris, Momyrus rume, Sarotherodon galileus, Alestes nurse and Tilapia zilli) belonging to eight genera from 7 families were observed. Oreochromis niloticus of the family Cichlidae was the most dominant species constituting 34.7%, 35.6%, 24.8%, 26.99%, and 27.3%, for Raddawa, Tabobi, Gada, Garhi, and Makera respectively, of the total catch in each fishing station of the reservoir. Diversity indices estimated from all the five stations include Shannon’s index of diversity index (H’); with a monthly range of 1.81 to 2.34, Simpson’s dominance index (C); 0.10 to 0.78, Simpson’s index (1-D); 0.10 to 0.78, Species evenness index (E); ranging from 0.596 to 1.00, species richness of Margalef’s index (d); 1.40 to 1.53, and reciprocal of Simpson’s index (D’); 1.29 to 9.96. Fish species are highly diverse with good species richness and evenness. This study validated the fisheries resources for commercial activity and fishery management of the reservoir. Therefore, stakeholders should utilize optimally and commercially the fishery resources for job creations.
{"title":"Itchthyofaunal Composition, Abundance, and Diversity Indices in Zobe Reservoir of Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Nababa, Hamisu Arma'yau Bichi, Sogbesan Amos Olukayode","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.007","url":null,"abstract":"Capture fishery is one of the dependable sources of fish protein and livelihood. This study investigated Ichthyofaunal diversity in Zobe reservoir for a period of twelve months (March 2020 to February 2021). Individual fishermen catch was used throughout the study period, where each of the five (5) Landing sites was visited twice monthly for catch assessment survey. Fish samples were randomly collected from 5 canoes/fishermen per sampling unit and catches examined. Thirteen (13) fish species (Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus, Schilbe mystus, Synodontis membranaceous, niloticus, Bagrus docmac, Bagrus bayad, Alestes dentex, Tilapia Mozambique, Clarias anguilaris, Momyrus rume, Sarotherodon galileus, Alestes nurse and Tilapia zilli) belonging to eight genera from 7 families were observed. Oreochromis niloticus of the family Cichlidae was the most dominant species constituting 34.7%, 35.6%, 24.8%, 26.99%, and 27.3%, for Raddawa, Tabobi, Gada, Garhi, and Makera respectively, of the total catch in each fishing station of the reservoir. Diversity indices estimated from all the five stations include Shannon’s index of diversity index (H’); with a monthly range of 1.81 to 2.34, Simpson’s dominance index (C); 0.10 to 0.78, Simpson’s index (1-D); 0.10 to 0.78, Species evenness index (E); ranging from 0.596 to 1.00, species richness of Margalef’s index (d); 1.40 to 1.53, and reciprocal of Simpson’s index (D’); 1.29 to 9.96. Fish species are highly diverse with good species richness and evenness. This study validated the fisheries resources for commercial activity and fishery management of the reservoir. Therefore, stakeholders should utilize optimally and commercially the fishery resources for job creations.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"53 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116601183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahassan Usman Gabi, Ibrahim Maikudi Salihu, Usman Ibrahim Hamza, Ibrahim Yahaya, Habiba Maikudi Muhammad, Aliyu Danjuma Aliyu, Hauwa Hussaini Ndayako
Cowpea damage caused by pest infestation is a major challenge to farmers and traders in Nigeria which request urgent response. This research is aimed primarily to evaluate the proximate composition and degree of infestation effect on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) nutrients. The samples of cowpea were randomly collected in the Lapai market, refrigerated for a week to stop insect action and were separated into two categories, non-infestation (sample without exit hole) and infestation (samples with one, two and three exit holes), Samples were subjected to proximate composition and statistical analyses for variation in nutrient. Results show a rise in protein and moisture content in the sample without infestation. But shows a decrease in Carbohydrate, Fat, Fibre and Ash content in non-infested samples. For the infested sample, infestation leads to significant deterioration of nutrients of food products developed from cowpeas. The current result shows that pest infestations reduced nutritional benefits as a protein source in livestock and human diets.
病虫害造成的豇豆损害是尼日利亚农民和贸易商面临的主要挑战，需要紧急应对。本研究的主要目的是评估豇豆(Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)营养成分的近似组成及其侵染程度。在拉派市场随机采集豇豆样品，冷藏一周后，将其分为未侵染(无出口孔)和侵染(有1、2和3个出口孔)两类，对样品进行近似组成和养分变化统计分析。结果表明，在没有虫害的情况下，样品中的蛋白质和水分含量有所上升。但在未感染的样品中，碳水化合物、脂肪、纤维和灰分含量有所下降。对于受侵染的样品，侵染导致由豇豆制成的食品的营养物质显著恶化。目前的结果表明，害虫侵扰降低了牲畜和人类饮食中作为蛋白质来源的营养价值。
{"title":"Effects of Callosobruchus maculatus Infestation on the Proximate Composition of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Sold in Lapai Market","authors":"Ahassan Usman Gabi, Ibrahim Maikudi Salihu, Usman Ibrahim Hamza, Ibrahim Yahaya, Habiba Maikudi Muhammad, Aliyu Danjuma Aliyu, Hauwa Hussaini Ndayako","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.026","url":null,"abstract":"Cowpea damage caused by pest infestation is a major challenge to farmers and traders in Nigeria which request urgent response. This research is aimed primarily to evaluate the proximate composition and degree of infestation effect on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) nutrients. The samples of cowpea were randomly collected in the Lapai market, refrigerated for a week to stop insect action and were separated into two categories, non-infestation (sample without exit hole) and infestation (samples with one, two and three exit holes), Samples were subjected to proximate composition and statistical analyses for variation in nutrient. Results show a rise in protein and moisture content in the sample without infestation. But shows a decrease in Carbohydrate, Fat, Fibre and Ash content in non-infested samples. For the infested sample, infestation leads to significant deterioration of nutrients of food products developed from cowpeas. The current result shows that pest infestations reduced nutritional benefits as a protein source in livestock and human diets.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"5 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116778351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Shehu Kutama, Aliyu U., Zafar Sultan, Bashir Alabi Ali, Hadiza Murtala Musa
The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory potential of three species of Trichoderma namely; Trichoderma asperelum, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vasinfectum (fov), the causal organism of vascular wilt in cotton. The experiment consisted of dual culture incubated at 250C + 10C on PDA, for 9 days. During the experiment, the three trichoderma species were obtained from the soil while the fusarium oxysporum isolate was obtained from IAR, Zaria, Nigeria. Antagonistic activity testing was determined using percentage inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum radial growth. The study's results revealed that all the three Trichoderma species tested in this experiment had significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of fov at different degrees compared with untreated control. The percentage inhibition ranged from 54% for Trichoderma. asperelum, 62.8% by Trichoderma viride to the highest being 75.6% and a mean of 45.50% due to Trichoderma harzianum. These results showed that Trichoderma harzianum was the most effective followed by Trichoderma viride and lastly Trichoderma asperellum. This suggest that there are some similarities between the three isolates of Trichoderma as all the three species could inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vasinfectum but the best to be used as bio-control agent for vascular wilt of cotton caused by fov was Trichoderma harzianum pending further research.
{"title":"In vitro Inhibitory Potential of Trichoderma Species on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vasinfectum the Causal Organism of vascular wilt of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum l.) in the Nigerian Sudan Savanna","authors":"Ahmad Shehu Kutama, Aliyu U., Zafar Sultan, Bashir Alabi Ali, Hadiza Murtala Musa","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.016","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory potential of three species of Trichoderma namely; Trichoderma asperelum, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vasinfectum (fov), the causal organism of vascular wilt in cotton. The experiment consisted of dual culture incubated at 250C + 10C on PDA, for 9 days. During the experiment, the three trichoderma species were obtained from the soil while the fusarium oxysporum isolate was obtained from IAR, Zaria, Nigeria. Antagonistic activity testing was determined using percentage inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum radial growth. The study's results revealed that all the three Trichoderma species tested in this experiment had significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of fov at different degrees compared with untreated control. The percentage inhibition ranged from 54% for Trichoderma. asperelum, 62.8% by Trichoderma viride to the highest being 75.6% and a mean of 45.50% due to Trichoderma harzianum. These results showed that Trichoderma harzianum was the most effective followed by Trichoderma viride and lastly Trichoderma asperellum. This suggest that there are some similarities between the three isolates of Trichoderma as all the three species could inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vasinfectum but the best to be used as bio-control agent for vascular wilt of cotton caused by fov was Trichoderma harzianum pending further research.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114206162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Severe acute malnutrition remains a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. In this study, a retrospective and on-site assessment of the effectiveness of the community management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) program in four (4) Outpatient Therapeutic Programme (OTP) centres of Katsina and Daura Local Government Areas of Katsina State was carried out from January 2021 to December 2021. Assessment of CMAM performance indicators, anthropometric indices, oedema, the biochemical and haematological status of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and a follow-up assessment of probable relapse 8 weeks after discharge was carried out. The result indicated that both the treatment (87.90% and 94.44% at Katsina and Daura OTPs respectively) and geographical coverage (20.00% at both Katsina and Daura OTPs) in the present study were higher than the values for the retrospective study. Outcome measures of CMAM in the Katsina OTPs showed a cure rate of 95.0% and 97.3% in the retrospective and current studies, respectively. While in Daura OTPs, the cure rates were 86.8% and 93.52% respectively for the retrospective and the present study. Result for the growth performance and recovery indices have shown higher percentages in normal range values for mid upper arm circumference, weight for height and Oedema among the SAM children at the point of discharge over the values at the admission. In fact, all the children that presented with oedema in both OTPs at admission did not have oedema at the point of discharge. In addition, there was a significant improvement in biochemical and hematologic indices in SAM children at discharge compared to the values at admission (p < 0.05). Findings of the study have indicated a good performance of CMAM program in OTP centers of Katsina and Daura Local Government Areas of Katsina State as prescribed by the SPHERE standard.
{"title":"Outcome Evaluation of Community Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Some Selected Outpatient Therapeutic Programme Centres of Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"Bello Usman, C. O. Orushagbemi, Safiya A. T.","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.029","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute malnutrition remains a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. In this study, a retrospective and on-site assessment of the effectiveness of the community management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) program in four (4) Outpatient Therapeutic Programme (OTP) centres of Katsina and Daura Local Government Areas of Katsina State was carried out from January 2021 to December 2021. Assessment of CMAM performance indicators, anthropometric indices, oedema, the biochemical and haematological status of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and a follow-up assessment of probable relapse 8 weeks after discharge was carried out. The result indicated that both the treatment (87.90% and 94.44% at Katsina and Daura OTPs respectively) and geographical coverage (20.00% at both Katsina and Daura OTPs) in the present study were higher than the values for the retrospective study. Outcome measures of CMAM in the Katsina OTPs showed a cure rate of 95.0% and 97.3% in the retrospective and current studies, respectively. While in Daura OTPs, the cure rates were 86.8% and 93.52% respectively for the retrospective and the present study. Result for the growth performance and recovery indices have shown higher percentages in normal range values for mid upper arm circumference, weight for height and Oedema among the SAM children at the point of discharge over the values at the admission. In fact, all the children that presented with oedema in both OTPs at admission did not have oedema at the point of discharge. In addition, there was a significant improvement in biochemical and hematologic indices in SAM children at discharge compared to the values at admission (p < 0.05). Findings of the study have indicated a good performance of CMAM program in OTP centers of Katsina and Daura Local Government Areas of Katsina State as prescribed by the SPHERE standard.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114693481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dogun Ojochogu, Ogenyi Ruth Ajibola, Emmamoge Orewere, Henry Mfonobong Ubong, Henry Ubong Ime, Longchi Satkat Zacheaus, Jikka Esther Andrew
This study was aimed at determining the proximate composition and the effects of two coagulants in the production of local cheese known as Awara using soybean and cow milk. Cow milk cheese using the tamarind coagulant had the highest weight at 492.7 g followed by cow milk cheese using the corn steeped liquor which was 484.3 g, while soybean cheese weighed 347.7 g and 323.4 g for tamarind and corn steeped liquor respectively. The results revealed a significant difference in the effect of different coagulants on the proximate composition of the cheese produced. Soybean cheese had the highest moisture content of (20.04 ± 0.015%) and (18.15± 0.13%), crude fiber (10.01 ± 0.01%) and (12.17 ± 0.15%), crude protein (10.33± 0.08%) and (7.88± 0.05%) and carbohydrate (46.78 ± 0.11%) and (49.16 ± 0.06%) while cow milk had the highest ash content (5.03 ± 0.03%) and (5.03 ±0.04%) and crude fat of (21.32 ± 0.28%) and (20.28 ± 0.25%) for corn steeped liquor and tamarind coagulants respectively. The sensory evaluation revealed that cheese produced from soybeans using the corn stepped liquor had the highest acceptability of 8.63±0.01, followed by cheese produced from cow milk using the corn steeped liquor 8.37±0.43, cow milk cheese using tamarind 7.50±0.54 and the cheese produced from soybeans had the least acceptability of 7.40±0.25. The results showed that cheeses made from soybeans with different coagulants were the most nutritious because they retained more of the product's nutritional content.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Proximate Composition of Local Cheese Made from Soybean Milk and Cowmilk using Different Coagulants","authors":"Dogun Ojochogu, Ogenyi Ruth Ajibola, Emmamoge Orewere, Henry Mfonobong Ubong, Henry Ubong Ime, Longchi Satkat Zacheaus, Jikka Esther Andrew","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.036","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at determining the proximate composition and the effects of two coagulants in the production of local cheese known as Awara using soybean and cow milk. Cow milk cheese using the tamarind coagulant had the highest weight at 492.7 g followed by cow milk cheese using the corn steeped liquor which was 484.3 g, while soybean cheese weighed 347.7 g and 323.4 g for tamarind and corn steeped liquor respectively. The results revealed a significant difference in the effect of different coagulants on the proximate composition of the cheese produced. Soybean cheese had the highest moisture content of (20.04 ± 0.015%) and (18.15± 0.13%), crude fiber (10.01 ± 0.01%) and (12.17 ± 0.15%), crude protein (10.33± 0.08%) and (7.88± 0.05%) and carbohydrate (46.78 ± 0.11%) and (49.16 ± 0.06%) while cow milk had the highest ash content (5.03 ± 0.03%) and (5.03 ±0.04%) and crude fat of (21.32 ± 0.28%) and (20.28 ± 0.25%) for corn steeped liquor and tamarind coagulants respectively. The sensory evaluation revealed that cheese produced from soybeans using the corn stepped liquor had the highest acceptability of 8.63±0.01, followed by cheese produced from cow milk using the corn steeped liquor 8.37±0.43, cow milk cheese using tamarind 7.50±0.54 and the cheese produced from soybeans had the least acceptability of 7.40±0.25. The results showed that cheeses made from soybeans with different coagulants were the most nutritious because they retained more of the product's nutritional content.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121713509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clustering is a technique of creating groups of objects such that each group contains similar and unique objects. One of the most popular clustering techniques is the k-means clustering algorithm. Conventional k-means techniques may not work well for high-dimensional datasets, due to the noise, discrepancies, and outliers associated with the original dataset. However, some form of transformation is required to organize the data for clustering. Four different data pre-processing methods are applied before the clustering algorithm to make the data clean, noise-free and consistent. The impact of data pre-processing on the basic k-means clustering algorithm was tested on real-life data using some normalization techniques such as z-score, mean-max, decimal scaling, and mean absolute deviation. We find that the pre-processing before clustering yields good clustering results and significantly reduces the running time compared to the traditional techniques. We can also conclude that the mean absolute deviation is the best among the four normalization methods as it captures all clustering points.
{"title":"About Some Data Precaution Techniques For K-Means Clustering Algorithm","authors":"Muazu Zulkifilu, Abdulkadir Yasir","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.003","url":null,"abstract":"Clustering is a technique of creating groups of objects such that each group contains similar and unique objects. One of the most popular clustering techniques is the k-means clustering algorithm. Conventional k-means techniques may not work well for high-dimensional datasets, due to the noise, discrepancies, and outliers associated with the original dataset. However, some form of transformation is required to organize the data for clustering. Four different data pre-processing methods are applied before the clustering algorithm to make the data clean, noise-free and consistent. The impact of data pre-processing on the basic k-means clustering algorithm was tested on real-life data using some normalization techniques such as z-score, mean-max, decimal scaling, and mean absolute deviation. We find that the pre-processing before clustering yields good clustering results and significantly reduces the running time compared to the traditional techniques. We can also conclude that the mean absolute deviation is the best among the four normalization methods as it captures all clustering points.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131623085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Yerima, E. Kamba, G. Egah, S. P. Ma'aji, Ibrahim Adamu Ibrahim, Sumaiya Zulkifli
The fitness of groundwater has continued to deteriorate due to increasing population, commercialization, and urbanization, among others. Water quality can be assessed on physical, chemical and biological basis. This study evaluates the physicochemical properties and quality index of borehole water in Marmara and New site community of Wukari Local Government area using standard procedure. Result showed that the mean pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), alkalinity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and nitrates were 6.6 and 6.9; 111.6 and 385 mg/L; 34.6 and 33.4 mg/L; 102.4 and 150 mg/L; 21.69 and 8.42 mg/L; 31.51 and 16.85 mg/L; 8.98 to 18.30 mg/L for Marmara and New site borehole water samples respectively and are within the permissible limit of the World Health Organization. Marmara recorded the highest pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, TDS, alkalinity and nitrate while New site had higher total suspended solids, COD and BOD. WQI values of 86.03 and 80.22 were obtained in borehole water sourced from New site and Marmara respectively, rating the quality of borehole water in this study good and, on further purification, can serve for drinking and other domestic applications.
{"title":"Quality Index of Borehole Water in Marmara and New Site Communities of Wukari, Nigeria","authors":"E. Yerima, E. Kamba, G. Egah, S. P. Ma'aji, Ibrahim Adamu Ibrahim, Sumaiya Zulkifli","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.015","url":null,"abstract":"The fitness of groundwater has continued to deteriorate due to increasing population, commercialization, and urbanization, among others. Water quality can be assessed on physical, chemical and biological basis. This study evaluates the physicochemical properties and quality index of borehole water in Marmara and New site community of Wukari Local Government area using standard procedure. Result showed that the mean pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), alkalinity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and nitrates were 6.6 and 6.9; 111.6 and 385 mg/L; 34.6 and 33.4 mg/L; 102.4 and 150 mg/L; 21.69 and 8.42 mg/L; 31.51 and 16.85 mg/L; 8.98 to 18.30 mg/L for Marmara and New site borehole water samples respectively and are within the permissible limit of the World Health Organization. Marmara recorded the highest pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, TDS, alkalinity and nitrate while New site had higher total suspended solids, COD and BOD. WQI values of 86.03 and 80.22 were obtained in borehole water sourced from New site and Marmara respectively, rating the quality of borehole water in this study good and, on further purification, can serve for drinking and other domestic applications.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132238886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. I. Odudu, D. Adepehin, Emmanuel D. Onoja, Ifunanya, Peace Muogbo, Ugochukwu Williams Nsolibe, M. I. Amanyi
Identifying the natural radionuclides in frequently consumed foodstuffs has attracted research interests from many researchers. In this study, we reported the quantities of natural radionuclides in frequently consumed foods in the community of Ode-Irele in Ondo State, Nigeria. Data obtained for this study were analysed using the gamma-ray spectrometer. Careful examination of six (6) different foodstuffs obtained at random for four (4) different times from the community’s local market was done: all of them were discovered to be rich in Th-232, U-238 and K-40. The activity concentrations of the foodstuffs ranged from 58.21±5.93 Bqkg-1 to 1.91±0.41 Bqkg-1 with a mean value of 11.74±1.22 Bqkg-1 for Th-232, 41.82±9.48 Bqkg-1 to 3.12±0.39 Bqkg-1 with a mean value of 12.38±2.27 Bqkg-1 for U-238 and 1854.12±126.83 Bqkg-1 to 134.72±12.62 Bqkg-1 with mean value of 280.22±30.08 Bqkg-1 for K-40. The minimum and maximum dose rates discovered from the foodstuffs are respectively 8.03nGyh-1 and 132.35nGyh-1. The mean value of all absorbed dose rates (28.99nGyh-1) was found to be less than the world average limit of 55.0nGyh-1. Comparison of the annual committed effective doses determined from the mean of the natural radionuclides (0.155mSvy-1) in the foodstuffs to the global recommended limit (1mSvy-1), showed that the frequently consumed foods by the people in the community posed no important radiation-related risk to them.
{"title":"Study of Natural Radionuclides in Frequently Consumed Foodstuffs in Ode-Irele, Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"A. I. Odudu, D. Adepehin, Emmanuel D. Onoja, Ifunanya, Peace Muogbo, Ugochukwu Williams Nsolibe, M. I. Amanyi","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.018","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying the natural radionuclides in frequently consumed foodstuffs has attracted research interests from many researchers. In this study, we reported the quantities of natural radionuclides in frequently consumed foods in the community of Ode-Irele in Ondo State, Nigeria. Data obtained for this study were analysed using the gamma-ray spectrometer. Careful examination of six (6) different foodstuffs obtained at random for four (4) different times from the community’s local market was done: all of them were discovered to be rich in Th-232, U-238 and K-40. The activity concentrations of the foodstuffs ranged from 58.21±5.93 Bqkg-1 to 1.91±0.41 Bqkg-1 with a mean value of 11.74±1.22 Bqkg-1 for Th-232, 41.82±9.48 Bqkg-1 to 3.12±0.39 Bqkg-1 with a mean value of 12.38±2.27 Bqkg-1 for U-238 and 1854.12±126.83 Bqkg-1 to 134.72±12.62 Bqkg-1 with mean value of 280.22±30.08 Bqkg-1 for K-40. The minimum and maximum dose rates discovered from the foodstuffs are respectively 8.03nGyh-1 and 132.35nGyh-1. The mean value of all absorbed dose rates (28.99nGyh-1) was found to be less than the world average limit of 55.0nGyh-1. Comparison of the annual committed effective doses determined from the mean of the natural radionuclides (0.155mSvy-1) in the foodstuffs to the global recommended limit (1mSvy-1), showed that the frequently consumed foods by the people in the community posed no important radiation-related risk to them.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114747847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Like humanity and civilization itself, the idea of beauty and cosmetics is very old. Beauty is a major obsession among women. They therefore utilize a variety of cosmetics to keep their skin glowing. Elderly women and traditional medicine practitioners (TMP) are increasingly experimenting/using herbs, trees, and shrubs to determine their efficacy for beauty and dermatological care as the demand for plant-based cosmetics rises. The study was aimed at survey of plants and recipes from used by females in Katsina City, of the Northwestern Nigeria. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, 15 (TMP) and 20 Traditional Cosmetic businesses spread over 15 different areas of the city were interviewed between November 2021 and August 2022. The survey resulted in the documentation of seventeen (17) plant species representing fourteen (14) distinct families and seventeen (17) recipes. The most often utilized plants were found to be Lawsonia inermis, Curcuma longa and Allium cepa with a frequency of 12.5, 8.5 and 8% respectively. Tomato and meant leaves each with 2% frequency, were found to be the least frequently used ingredients in recipes. Due to the plants' demonstrated efficacy, as stated by the respondents, adequate recording, conservation, cultivation, and use of these cosmetic plants are required in order to prevent their extinction or threatened status.
{"title":"Ethnobotanical Survey of Plants species used by Female in Cosmetic Practices in Katsina City - Nigeria","authors":"Sani Halliru Bawale, Amina Usman Bala","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.033","url":null,"abstract":"Like humanity and civilization itself, the idea of beauty and cosmetics is very old. Beauty is a major obsession among women. They therefore utilize a variety of cosmetics to keep their skin glowing. Elderly women and traditional medicine practitioners (TMP) are increasingly experimenting/using herbs, trees, and shrubs to determine their efficacy for beauty and dermatological care as the demand for plant-based cosmetics rises. The study was aimed at survey of plants and recipes from used by females in Katsina City, of the Northwestern Nigeria. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, 15 (TMP) and 20 Traditional Cosmetic businesses spread over 15 different areas of the city were interviewed between November 2021 and August 2022. The survey resulted in the documentation of seventeen (17) plant species representing fourteen (14) distinct families and seventeen (17) recipes. The most often utilized plants were found to be Lawsonia inermis, Curcuma longa and Allium cepa with a frequency of 12.5, 8.5 and 8% respectively. Tomato and meant leaves each with 2% frequency, were found to be the least frequently used ingredients in recipes. Due to the plants' demonstrated efficacy, as stated by the respondents, adequate recording, conservation, cultivation, and use of these cosmetic plants are required in order to prevent their extinction or threatened status.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123178593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the research is to assess the viability of castor (Ricinus communis) and senna (Senna occidentalis) plants up to 90 days after planting (DAP) in agricultural soil spiked with different concentration of zinc in the screen house. Agricultural soil was collected from Bayero University Kano, at 11° 98ʹ 32.59″N; 8°42ʹ 43.97″E. Soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and exchangeable cations (K + , Ca + , Mg + and Na + ) were determined. Castor and senna were planted in soil spiked with 2 mg/kg, 4mg/kg and 8 mg/kg of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) each. Control plants containing only agricultural soil without spiking with zinc were added and the set up replicated 4 times. Plant height, number of leaves and root length were assessed at 45 and 90 days after planting (DAP). The soil was sandy loam, slightly acidic, C, N, P and K+ had mean values of 0.41%, 0.33 mg/kg, 14.33 mg/kg and 0.39 cmol/kg respectively. There were significantly higher (p<0.05) mean values for height (16.85cm) and root length (17.35 cm) of control castor plants than those treated with zinc at 45 DAP. At the termination of the experiment (90 DAP), senna plants in control had significantly higher mean values for height (29.5 cm) than all other treatments. All concentrations of zinc used in this work did not seem to have much negative effects on the vegetative growth of both test plants.
{"title":"Vegetative Growth Responses of Castor (Ricinus communis) and Senna (Senna occidentalis) to Low Dose Zinc (Zn) Spiking of Agricultural Soil in Kano, Northern Nigeria","authors":"Halima Musa Rabiu","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The aim of the research is to assess the viability of castor (Ricinus communis) and senna (Senna occidentalis) plants up to 90 days after planting (DAP) in agricultural soil spiked with different concentration of zinc in the screen house. Agricultural soil was collected from Bayero University Kano, at 11° 98ʹ 32.59″N; 8°42ʹ 43.97″E. Soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and exchangeable cations (K + , Ca + , Mg + and Na + ) were determined. Castor and senna were planted in soil spiked with 2 mg/kg, 4mg/kg and 8 mg/kg of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) each. Control plants containing only agricultural soil without spiking with zinc were added and the set up replicated 4 times. Plant height, number of leaves and root length were assessed at 45 and 90 days after planting (DAP). The soil was sandy loam, slightly acidic, C, N, P and K+ had mean values of 0.41%, 0.33 mg/kg, 14.33 mg/kg and 0.39 cmol/kg respectively. There were significantly higher (p<0.05) mean values for height (16.85cm) and root length (17.35 cm) of control castor plants than those treated with zinc at 45 DAP. At the termination of the experiment (90 DAP), senna plants in control had significantly higher mean values for height (29.5 cm) than all other treatments. All concentrations of zinc used in this work did not seem to have much negative effects on the vegetative growth of both test plants.\u0000","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128390050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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