Pub Date : 2024-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113879
Fengjuan Miao , Honggang Wang , Xiaoqin Li , Bairui Tao, Hui Li
To develop materials that can meet the sensing and capacitive performance of glucose. Hydrothermal and electroplating procedures were used to prepare linear NiCo2O4 and nano-CuO particles, respectively. The sensor's sensitivity was 1174.57 μA mM−1 cm−1, with a low detection limit of 0.024 μM (S/N = 3), and its detection range was 0.3–12.6 mM, with good stability as verified using an electrochemical workstation. In addition, at a current density of 2 A g−1, this material exhibits a specific capacitance of up to 2140.0F g−1 in supercapacitors. After 5000 cycles, its stability remained at 93.89 %. Similarly, asymmetric supercapacitor devices based on nickel foam exhibit A high specific capacitance of 605.5 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1. It is demonstrated that linear NiCo2O4 modified with CuO nanoparticles can be employed not only as a sensitive material for glucose sensors but also for the production of supercapacitors.
开发能满足葡萄糖传感和电容性能的材料。采用水热法和电镀法分别制备了线性NiCo2O4和纳米cuo颗粒。该传感器灵敏度为1174.57 μA mM−1 cm−1，检出限为0.024 μM (S/N = 3)，检测范围为0.3 ~ 12.6 mM，经电化学工作站验证具有良好的稳定性。此外，在电流密度为2 a g−1时，该材料在超级电容器中表现出高达2140.0F g−1的比电容。经过5000次循环后，其稳定性保持在93.89%。同样，基于泡沫镍的非对称超级电容器器件在电流密度为2 A g−1时具有605.5 F g−1的高比电容。结果表明，用纳米CuO修饰的线性NiCo2O4不仅可以作为葡萄糖传感器的敏感材料，而且可以用于生产超级电容器。
{"title":"Linear NiCo2O4 modified by CuO nanoparticles with wide range and high sensitivity for glucose detection and excellent ultracapacitor performance","authors":"Fengjuan Miao , Honggang Wang , Xiaoqin Li , Bairui Tao, Hui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To develop materials that can meet the sensing and capacitive performance of glucose. Hydrothermal and electroplating procedures were used to prepare linear NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and nano-CuO particles, respectively. The sensor's sensitivity was 1174.57 μA mM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup>, with a low detection limit of 0.024 μM (S/N = 3), and its detection range was 0.3–12.6 mM, with good stability as verified using an electrochemical workstation. In addition, at a current density of 2 A g<sup>−1</sup>, this material exhibits a specific capacitance of up to 2140.0F g<sup>−1</sup> in supercapacitors. After 5000 cycles, its stability remained at 93.89 %. Similarly, asymmetric supercapacitor devices based on nickel foam exhibit A high specific capacitance of 605.5 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 2 A g<sup>−1</sup>. It is demonstrated that linear NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> modified with CuO nanoparticles can be employed not only as a sensitive material for glucose sensors but also for the production of supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 113879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113878
Fuyuan Liu , Guantao Wang , Enyu Guo , Zhirou Zhang , Zongning Chen , Huijun Kang , Yanjin Xu , Tongmin Wang
The effects of natural aging (NA) on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-homogenized Al-4.1Cu-1.3Li-0.4Mg-0.4Ag-0.3Mn-0.5Zn-0.1Zr alloy are investigated in this work. The results show that the alloy exhibits a strong NA response attributed to a plethora of GP-Li zones and δ′ precipitated during the initial 3 days which provides nucleation sites for the T1 phase. After 15 days, the mechanical properties dramatically enhance due to the precipitation of the saturated GP-Li zones, δ′, and T1 phases. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and fracture elongation reach 316 MPa, 469 MPa, and 14 % after NA for 15 days, respectively.
{"title":"The precipitation behavior of natural aging for Al-Cu-Li alloy after homogenization","authors":"Fuyuan Liu , Guantao Wang , Enyu Guo , Zhirou Zhang , Zongning Chen , Huijun Kang , Yanjin Xu , Tongmin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of natural aging (NA) on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-homogenized Al-4.1Cu-1.3Li-0.4Mg-0.4Ag-0.3Mn-0.5Zn-0.1Zr alloy are investigated in this work. The results show that the alloy exhibits a strong NA response attributed to a plethora of GP-Li zones and δ′ precipitated during the initial 3 days which provides nucleation sites for the T<sub>1</sub> phase. After 15 days, the mechanical properties dramatically enhance due to the precipitation of the saturated GP-Li zones, δ′, and T<sub>1</sub> phases. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and fracture elongation reach 316 MPa, 469 MPa, and 14 % after NA for 15 days, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 113878"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113864
Zhumin Li , Leyang Xi , Wangyang Xue , Yuehong Zheng , Jiansheng Li , Wei Jiang , Ao Meng , Tong Liu , Luwei Liu , Yu Zhao
Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy exhibits profoundly potential as a new environmental-friendly conductive elastic material. In this work, the formation and growth mechanism of discontinuous precipitation, as well as its effect on mechanical properties of Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy are systematically studied. The investigation indicated that the discontinuous precipitation does easily initiate from random grain boundaries but showing opposite result for Σ3 boundaries. The lower frequency Σ3 boundaries relatively, the more intense the solute diffusion, resulting in a higher volume fraction of discontinuous precipitation. The increasing aging temperature and time will accelerate the grain boundary discontinuous reaction, and the fine-grained samples exhibit a higher volume fraction of discontinuous precipitates and smaller lamellar spacing due to the more nucleation sites and increased interfacial energy. The strengthening mechanism of Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy mainly focus on dislocation strengthening and precipitation strengthening, in which the D022 or L12-γ′ phases exhibit more significantly precipitation strengthening effect but is difficult to guarantee ductility. The localized grain boundary discontinuous precipitation detrimentally affect both the tensile strength and ductility.
But the nano-lamellar discontinuous precipitation is beneficial to the strength-ductility trade off when it occupies the entirely Cu matrix. This work establishes a robust foundation for the microstructural optimization and multi-component design of Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy.
{"title":"Unveiling microstructural evolution and its effect on mechanical performance in a Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy","authors":"Zhumin Li , Leyang Xi , Wangyang Xue , Yuehong Zheng , Jiansheng Li , Wei Jiang , Ao Meng , Tong Liu , Luwei Liu , Yu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy exhibits profoundly potential as a new environmental-friendly conductive elastic material. In this work, the formation and growth mechanism of discontinuous precipitation, as well as its effect on mechanical properties of Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy are systematically studied. The investigation indicated that the discontinuous precipitation does easily initiate from random grain boundaries but showing opposite result for Σ3 boundaries. The lower frequency Σ3 boundaries relatively, the more intense the solute diffusion, resulting in a higher volume fraction of discontinuous precipitation. The increasing aging temperature and time will accelerate the grain boundary discontinuous reaction, and the fine-grained samples exhibit a higher volume fraction of discontinuous precipitates and smaller lamellar spacing due to the more nucleation sites and increased interfacial energy. The strengthening mechanism of Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy mainly focus on dislocation strengthening and precipitation strengthening, in which the D0<sub>22</sub> or L1<sub>2</sub>-γ′ phases exhibit more significantly precipitation strengthening effect but is difficult to guarantee ductility. The localized grain boundary discontinuous precipitation detrimentally affect both the tensile strength and ductility.</div><div>But the nano-lamellar discontinuous precipitation is beneficial to the strength-ductility trade off when it occupies the entirely Cu matrix. This work establishes a robust foundation for the microstructural optimization and multi-component design of Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 113864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113875
Tai-Dan Chen , Jin-He Wang , Jiu-Yu Ji , Xun Zhou , Shaohui Zhang , Yue Tai , Kun Zhou
Inorganic–organic hybrid materials based on polyoxometalates (POMs) owing to their structural characteristics have potential applications in many fields including optics, electronics, and catalysis and so on. Two inorganic-organic hybrid compounds {[Cu(pyr)2]4(SiW12O40)}n (1) and {[Ag(pyr)2]4(SiW12O40)}n (2) (pyr = pyrazole) were synthesized by the assembly of [SiW12O40]4- as the inorganic structural unit, the N-containing heterocyclic pyr as the organic ligand, and Cu+/Ag+ as the linkers under hydrothermal conditions. One dimensional (1D) chain 1 and two dimensional (2D) layer 2 were effectively confirmed through X-ray diffraction techniques and etc. Their photo-thermal equilibrium temperatures were 76.6 °C and 35.4 °C, and the superior photo-thermal performance of 1 to that of 2 may be attributed to their absorption intensities at 532 nm. Compound 1 photocatalyzed the degradation of MB, and compound 2 mainly adsorbed MB, well explaining their structure-activity relationship. In addition, both 1 and 2 have good electrocatalytic activity towards sodium nitrite.
{"title":"Inorganic–organic hybrids based on Keggin-type polyoxometalate@Cu/Ag for degradation/absorption of methylene blue and electrocatalytic property","authors":"Tai-Dan Chen , Jin-He Wang , Jiu-Yu Ji , Xun Zhou , Shaohui Zhang , Yue Tai , Kun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inorganic–organic hybrid materials based on polyoxometalates (POMs) owing to their structural characteristics have potential applications in many fields including optics, electronics, and catalysis and so on. Two inorganic-organic hybrid compounds {[Cu(pyr)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>4</sub>(SiW<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub>)}<sub><em>n</em></sub> (<strong>1</strong>) and {[Ag(pyr)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>4</sub>(SiW<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub>)}<sub><em>n</em></sub> (<strong>2</strong>) (pyr = pyrazole) were synthesized by the assembly of [SiW<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> as the inorganic structural unit, the N-containing heterocyclic pyr as the organic ligand, and Cu<sup>+</sup>/Ag<sup>+</sup> as the linkers under hydrothermal conditions. One dimensional (1D) chain <strong>1</strong> and two dimensional (2D) layer <strong>2</strong> were effectively confirmed through X-ray diffraction techniques and etc. Their photo-thermal equilibrium temperatures were 76.6 °C and 35.4 °C, and the superior photo-thermal performance of <strong>1</strong> to that of <strong>2</strong> may be attributed to their absorption intensities at 532 nm. Compound <strong>1</strong> photocatalyzed the degradation of MB, and compound <strong>2</strong> mainly adsorbed MB, well explaining their structure-activity relationship. In addition, both <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> have good electrocatalytic activity towards sodium nitrite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 113875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding process is effective for constructing stacked structures in advanced packaging, as it allows for multiple reflow cycles without remelting. However, the various reflows can cause phase transformations, leading to internal stress-induced voids. Thus, the stability of IMC phases is particularly challenged in 3D stacking structures. Common configurations include Cu/Sn/Cu and Cu/Ni/Sn/Cu. Although Ni improves the stability of the Cu6Sn5 phase, phase transformation to Cu3Sn can still occur, compromising reliability. This study investigates microstructure stability by doping Zn into the Cu/Sn-3.5Ag/Ni system across five reflow cycles. Results demonstrate that Cu-15Zn/Sn-3.5Ag/Ni microbumps reduce void formation and ensuring the phase stability of the (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Zn)5 to maintain the microstructure stability. The Zn addition inhibits the Cu3Sn layer, while optimizing grain size and orientation of (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Zn)5. (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Zn)5 also exhibits increased hardness and reduced modulus (Er). These findings provide critical insights for designing sub-10-μm scale TLP-bonded microbumps in advanced packaging.
{"title":"Microstructural stability enhancement and mechanical reinforcement of TLP-bonded Cu/Sn-3.5Ag/Cu microbumps under multiple reflow cycles through Zn Alloying and Ni substrate integration","authors":"Yin-Ku Lee, Yun-Chen Chan, Zih-Yu Wu, Su-Yueh Tsai, Shou-Yi Chang, Jenq-Gong Duh","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding process is effective for constructing stacked structures in advanced packaging, as it allows for multiple reflow cycles without remelting. However, the various reflows can cause phase transformations, leading to internal stress-induced voids. Thus, the stability of IMC phases is particularly challenged in 3D stacking structures. Common configurations include Cu/Sn/Cu and Cu/Ni/Sn/Cu. Although Ni improves the stability of the Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> phase, phase transformation to Cu<sub>3</sub>Sn can still occur, compromising reliability. This study investigates microstructure stability by doping Zn into the Cu/Sn-3.5Ag/Ni system across five reflow cycles. Results demonstrate that Cu-15Zn/Sn-3.5Ag/Ni microbumps reduce void formation and ensuring the phase stability of the (Cu,Ni)<sub>6</sub>(Sn,Zn)<sub>5</sub> to maintain the microstructure stability. The Zn addition inhibits the Cu<sub>3</sub>Sn layer, while optimizing grain size and orientation of (Cu,Ni)<sub>6</sub>(Sn,Zn)<sub>5</sub>. (Cu,Ni)<sub>6</sub>(Sn,Zn)<sub>5</sub> also exhibits increased hardness and reduced modulus (E<sub>r</sub>). These findings provide critical insights for designing sub-10-μm scale TLP-bonded microbumps in advanced packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 113855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113848
Zhiyuan Liu , Rongwei Zha , Zhangjie Tan , Sisheng Liu , Qingjun Hao , Cheng Lei , Du Wang
Nickel (Ni) alloys are widely used in aerospace and nuclear power applications due to their excellent high-temperature performance, corrosion resistance, and fatigue strength. However, the Ni alloy prolonged exposure to extreme conditions, such as high-temperature vapor and alternating cyclic loads, often faced with challenges such as fatigue failure, corrosion and wear. These issues necessitate post-treatment techniques to enhance surface properties, ensuring the reliability and stability of critical structures and components. This study explores the application of laser shock peening (LSP) for refining the microstructure and improving the mechanical properties of Ni alloy (Inconel 690). Experimental results demonstrate LSP effectively improves surface microstructure (∼400 μm), specially forming fine-grained layer (∼150 μm), increases surface hardness by 21.6 % (from 185(±1.32) HV to 225(±7.57) HV), and introduces a compressive residual stress of −319(±50) MPa. Furthermore, a simulation model was developed using finite element method (FEM) and molecular dynamics (MD) to link microstructure and mechanical properties through strain rate, revealing the formation mechanism of fine grain layers and twin crystal. This work provides a theoretical method for the LSP treatment in Ni alloys, and offers simulation framework for investigating the connection between microstructure and mechanical properties in laser surface engineering technologies.
{"title":"Microstructural deformation behavior of laser shock peening Ni alloys: Experimental and molecular dynamics simulation investigations","authors":"Zhiyuan Liu , Rongwei Zha , Zhangjie Tan , Sisheng Liu , Qingjun Hao , Cheng Lei , Du Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel (Ni) alloys are widely used in aerospace and nuclear power applications due to their excellent high-temperature performance, corrosion resistance, and fatigue strength. However, the Ni alloy prolonged exposure to extreme conditions, such as high-temperature vapor and alternating cyclic loads, often faced with challenges such as fatigue failure, corrosion and wear. These issues necessitate post-treatment techniques to enhance surface properties, ensuring the reliability and stability of critical structures and components. This study explores the application of laser shock peening (LSP) for refining the microstructure and improving the mechanical properties of Ni alloy (Inconel 690). Experimental results demonstrate LSP effectively improves surface microstructure (∼400 μm), specially forming fine-grained layer (∼150 μm), increases surface hardness by 21.6 % (from 185(±1.32) HV to 225(±7.57) HV), and introduces a compressive residual stress of −319(±50) MPa. Furthermore, a simulation model was developed using finite element method (FEM) and molecular dynamics (MD) to link microstructure and mechanical properties through strain rate, revealing the formation mechanism of fine grain layers and twin crystal. This work provides a theoretical method for the LSP treatment in Ni alloys, and offers simulation framework for investigating the connection between microstructure and mechanical properties in laser surface engineering technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 113848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113859
Bin Li , Yubing Xia , Haonan Li , Mengya Chen , Zhongyuan Wu , Xiaohua Tan , Hui Xu
FeCoNiCuAl high-entropy alloy films (HEAFs) were prepared by direct current magnetron sputtering. The magnetic properties, corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution and microstructure of the as-deposited and annealed HEAFs were investigated. The results indicated that the as-deposited HEAFs had an amorphous structure. With the increase of annealing temperature, the HEAFs gradually crystallized and the coercivity increased. The as-deposited HEAF had better corrosion resistance than the bulk FeCoNiCuAl high-entropy alloy (HEA), and the Icorr value was 1.41 × 10−6A/cm2. The improved corrosion performance is mainly due to the homogeneity of the composition. After annealing, (Cu, Ni)-rich precipitates appeared in the HEAFs, and the quantity and size of the precipitates increased with increasing annealing temperature. Annealing treatment significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of the HEAFs. After annealing at 673 K, the optimal Icorr of HEAF was 2.74 × 10−7 A/cm2, which was better than the 304 stainless steel, FeSiB amorphous alloy, some HEAFs, etc. The mechanism of corrosion resistance improvement of the HEAFs after annealing treatment was discussed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Good corrosion resistance results from high valence oxides and stable passivation films. This work not only provides direction for the enhancement of corrosion resistance of HEA magnetic films, but also provides candidate materials for magnetic film sensors in harsh environments.
{"title":"The study on the magnetic FeCoNiCuAl high-entropy alloy film with excellent corrosion resistance","authors":"Bin Li , Yubing Xia , Haonan Li , Mengya Chen , Zhongyuan Wu , Xiaohua Tan , Hui Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>FeCoNiCuAl high-entropy alloy films (HEAFs) were prepared by direct current magnetron sputtering. The magnetic properties, corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution and microstructure of the as-deposited and annealed HEAFs were investigated. The results indicated that the as-deposited HEAFs had an amorphous structure. With the increase of annealing temperature, the HEAFs gradually crystallized and the coercivity increased. The as-deposited HEAF had better corrosion resistance than the bulk FeCoNiCuAl high-entropy alloy (HEA), and the <em>I</em><sub><em>corr</em></sub> value was 1.41 × 10<sup>−6</sup>A/cm<sup>2</sup>. The improved corrosion performance is mainly due to the homogeneity of the composition. After annealing, (Cu, Ni)-rich precipitates appeared in the HEAFs, and the quantity and size of the precipitates increased with increasing annealing temperature. Annealing treatment significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of the HEAFs. After annealing at 673 K, the optimal <em>I</em><sub><em>corr</em></sub> of HEAF was 2.74 × 10<sup>−7</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>, which was better than the 304 stainless steel, FeSiB amorphous alloy, some HEAFs, etc. The mechanism of corrosion resistance improvement of the HEAFs after annealing treatment was discussed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Good corrosion resistance results from high valence oxides and stable passivation films. This work not only provides direction for the enhancement of corrosion resistance of HEA magnetic films, but also provides candidate materials for magnetic film sensors in harsh environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 113859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113874
Feilong Wang , Shuo Wang , Zhiyu Chi , Junbo Niu , Xinghong Zhang , Jinbao Huang , Xinxin Ma
In this study, the efficacy of Cr/CrxN multilayer films, fabricated on 8Cr4Mo4V bearing steel substrates via Plasma-Based Ion Implantation and Deposition (PBIID) technique, was thoroughly examined. Utilizing a multifunctional coating apparatus, the surface engineering process was optimized for efficiency and precision, yielding controllable periodic Cr/CrxN films. Characterizations conducted with XPS, XRD, and TEM disclosed a 'stacked' stratified film structure that resonates with the process periodicity, characterized by a 17 nm cycle and consisting of dispersed nanocrystalline (Cr, CrN, and Cr2N). These multilayer structures markedly enhanced the corrosion resistance of the material, with the treated 8Cr4Mo4V specimens demonstrating a corrosion current density of 2.47 × 10−7 A cm−2, which is an order of magnitude reduction compared to the original sample of 7.60 × 10−6 A cm−2. A series equivalent circuit model was developed to simulate the corrosion dynamics. The nitridation effect induced by ion implantation was instrumental in attaining a surface nanohardness of 19 GPa, approximately doubling the original hardness, while also achieving a coating-substrate adhesion force of 105 mN due to the peening effect. This method can be applied to improve the corrosion resistance life of precision parts, especially complex parts.
在本研究中，采用等离子体离子注入沉积（PBIID）技术在8Cr4Mo4V轴承钢衬底上制备了Cr/CrxN多层膜，并对其性能进行了深入研究。利用多功能镀膜装置，优化了表面工程工艺的效率和精度，获得了可控的Cr/CrxN周期膜。通过XPS、XRD和TEM进行表征，发现了一种与工艺周期共振的“堆叠”层状膜结构，其特征为17 nm周期，由分散的纳米晶体（Cr、CrN和Cr2N）组成。这些多层结构显著提高了材料的耐腐蚀性，处理后的8Cr4Mo4V样品的腐蚀电流密度为2.47 × 10−7 a cm−2，与原始样品的7.60 × 10−6 a cm−2相比，降低了一个数量级。建立了串联等效电路模型来模拟腐蚀动力学。离子注入诱导的氮化效应有助于获得19 GPa的表面纳米硬度，大约是原始硬度的两倍，同时由于强化效应，涂层与基体的附着力达到105 mN。该方法可用于提高精密零件，特别是复杂零件的耐腐蚀寿命。
{"title":"Study on the properties of Cr/CrxN films prepared by magnetron sputtering and ion implantation alternately","authors":"Feilong Wang , Shuo Wang , Zhiyu Chi , Junbo Niu , Xinghong Zhang , Jinbao Huang , Xinxin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the efficacy of Cr/Cr<sub>x</sub>N multilayer films, fabricated on 8Cr4Mo4V bearing steel substrates via Plasma-Based Ion Implantation and Deposition (PBIID) technique, was thoroughly examined. Utilizing a multifunctional coating apparatus, the surface engineering process was optimized for efficiency and precision, yielding controllable periodic Cr/Cr<sub>x</sub>N films. Characterizations conducted with XPS, XRD, and TEM disclosed a 'stacked' stratified film structure that resonates with the process periodicity, characterized by a 17 nm cycle and consisting of dispersed nanocrystalline (Cr, CrN, and Cr<sub>2</sub>N). These multilayer structures markedly enhanced the corrosion resistance of the material, with the treated 8Cr4Mo4V specimens demonstrating a corrosion current density of 2.47 × 10<sup>−7</sup> A cm<sup>−2</sup>, which is an order of magnitude reduction compared to the original sample of 7.60 × 10<sup>−6</sup> A cm<sup>−2</sup>. A series equivalent circuit model was developed to simulate the corrosion dynamics. The nitridation effect induced by ion implantation was instrumental in attaining a surface nanohardness of 19 GPa, approximately doubling the original hardness, while also achieving a coating-substrate adhesion force of 105 mN due to the peening effect. This method can be applied to improve the corrosion resistance life of precision parts, especially complex parts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 113874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113861
Liu Xiaofeng, Hu Baofa, Zhuang Jiafu, Chu Ruobo, Su Zhicong, Xie Qinglai
The oxygen barrier test of plastic film is an important step in the sealing and preservation process of food and drugs, and the system leakage is pivotal factor of the test device that affecting the efficiency and accuracy. In order to reduce the impact of system leakage on the oxygen barrier detection of plastic film, a test device with an auxiliary seal on the outer layer is designed by using series dual sealing structure technology. Based on the molecular flow states hypothesis, according to the conservation of gas throughput and the invariance of flow resistance, a mathematical model and simulation platform for permeability test of flexible packaging materials with high barrier with outer auxiliary sealing chamber and forward leakage are established. By using Laplace transform method, the analytical solutions and corresponding characteristics of the pressure and leakage rate changes in the inner and outer sealing chamber are discussed, and the equivalent test time expression of the forward leakage test device is derived. The simulation and measured results show that the equivalent test time of the test device with the outer auxiliary sealing chamber is much longer than 24 h, and the test results of the pressure change of the inner sealing chamber are the same as the ideal leak-free system. Compared with the single sealing structure test device, the test error of the same high barrier film permeability test is negligible. By using the test device with an auxiliary sealing chamber, the oxygen barrier property can be accurately measured without any leak measurement and correction.
{"title":"Molecular flow model of gas transmission rate test device with auxiliary chamber for high barrier film","authors":"Liu Xiaofeng, Hu Baofa, Zhuang Jiafu, Chu Ruobo, Su Zhicong, Xie Qinglai","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oxygen barrier test of plastic film is an important step in the sealing and preservation process of food and drugs, and the system leakage is pivotal factor of the test device that affecting the efficiency and accuracy. In order to reduce the impact of system leakage on the oxygen barrier detection of plastic film, a test device with an auxiliary seal on the outer layer is designed by using series dual sealing structure technology. Based on the molecular flow states hypothesis, according to the conservation of gas throughput and the invariance of flow resistance, a mathematical model and simulation platform for permeability test of flexible packaging materials with high barrier with outer auxiliary sealing chamber and forward leakage are established. By using Laplace transform method, the analytical solutions and corresponding characteristics of the pressure and leakage rate changes in the inner and outer sealing chamber are discussed, and the equivalent test time expression of the forward leakage test device is derived. The simulation and measured results show that the equivalent test time of the test device with the outer auxiliary sealing chamber is much longer than 24 h, and the test results of the pressure change of the inner sealing chamber are the same as the ideal leak-free system. Compared with the single sealing structure test device, the test error of the same high barrier film permeability test is negligible. By using the test device with an auxiliary sealing chamber, the oxygen barrier property can be accurately measured without any leak measurement and correction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 113861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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