Vacuum最新文献_第7页

The dependence of vacuum gap breakdown voltage on field emission properties 真空隙击穿电压与场发射特性的关系

IF 3.9 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2026.115107

S.A. Barengolts , Yu.I. Mamontov , I.V. Uimanov , Yu.A. Zemskov

The dielectric strength of high-voltage vacuum gaps is a critical issue in the development and operation of high-power electrophysical devices. It is well known that the onset of a significant field-emission current from the vacuum gap cathode precedes vacuum breakdown. In this study, we investigate the correlation between the static vacuum breakdown voltage and the cathode's field emission properties. We examined a pure copper cathode with dimensions on the order of tens of micrometers. A series of sequential field-emission current-voltage measurements and vacuum breakdown tests were conducted. Additionally, the field-emission orthodoxy factor was calculated. For different cathode surface states, we obtained sets of local electric field enhancement factors, β, emission orthodoxy factors, and breakdown voltages. Assuming a specific breakdown electric field strength and using the determined β values, we estimated breakdown voltage values and compared these with experimentally measured ones. Our analysis revealed that within a particular range of the field-emission orthodoxy factor, the corresponding β values allowed the estimation of the breakdown voltage with approximately 10 % error. These results suggest that it is possible to develop an approach for predicting static vacuum breakdown voltage based solely on the field emission properties of the cathode.

高压真空间隙的介电强度是大功率电物理器件研制和运行中的一个关键问题。众所周知，真空间隙阴极的场发射电流在真空击穿之前就开始了。在本研究中，我们研究了静态真空击穿电压与阴极场发射特性的关系。我们检查了一个纯铜阴极，其尺寸约为几十微米。进行了一系列连续场发射电流电压测量和真空击穿试验。此外，还计算了场发射正统系数。对于不同的阴极表面状态，我们得到了一组局域电场增强因子、β、发射正统因子和击穿电压。假设一个特定的击穿电场强度，并使用确定的β值，我们估计击穿电压值，并将其与实验测量值进行比较。我们的分析表明，在场发射正统系数的特定范围内，相应的β值允许击穿电压的估计误差约为10%。这些结果表明，有可能开发一种仅基于阴极场发射特性来预测静态真空击穿电压的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Design of a novel intersecting-axis meshing Quimby-tooth dry screw vacuum pump 一种新型交叉轴啮合昆比齿干式螺杆泵的设计

IF 3.9 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2026.115121

Dantong Li, Xiaoqian Chen, Kai Ma, Chongzhou Sun, Zhilong He, Chuang Wang, Ziwen Xing

A novel intersecting-axis meshing Quimby-tooth dry screw vacuum pump was proposed in this paper. The mathematical model for generating the geometric structure of intersecting-axis meshing Quimby-tooth screw rotors is established, alongside a geometric characteristic calculation model for this novel screw structure. Two basic design methods for the intersecting-axis meshing Quimby-tooth screw structure are proposed, and their geometric characteristics are analyzed by comparing them with conventional parallel-axis meshing screw rotors, thus revealing the technical potential of this new technology. The proposed geometry generation model is verified by fabricating a prototype of the intersecting-axis meshing screw vacuum pump via 3D printing, while the geometric characteristic analysis model is validated using commercial software. Research results show that intersecting-axis meshing technology can reduce rotor volume by 24 %, leakage channel length by 32 %, and gear meshing velocity by 44.5 %. This study provides fundamental references and insights for the development of next-generation dry screw vacuum pumps, further advancing progress in vacuum acquisition fields.

提出了一种新型的交叉轴啮合昆比齿干式螺杆泵。建立了交叉轴啮合昆比齿螺杆转子几何结构生成的数学模型，并建立了这种新型螺杆结构的几何特性计算模型。提出了两种相交轴啮合昆比齿螺杆结构的基本设计方法，并与传统的平行轴啮合螺杆转子进行了比较，分析了其几何特性，揭示了该新技术的技术潜力。通过3D打印制作交轴啮合螺杆真空泵样机，验证了所提出的几何生成模型，并利用商业软件对几何特性分析模型进行了验证。研究结果表明，采用交轴啮合技术可使转子体积减小24%，泄漏通道长度减小32%，齿轮啮合速度减小44.5%。该研究为下一代干式螺杆真空泵的开发提供了基础参考和见解，进一步推动了真空采集领域的发展。

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引用次数: 0

One-step to extract elemental arsenic from highly toxic hazardous arsenic waste 一步法从剧毒有害砷废物中提取元素砷

IF 3.9 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2026.115104

Jiarong Li , Jinbo Zhai , Guozheng Zha , Wenlong Jiang , Baoqiang Xu , Dachun Liu , Bin Yang

Arsenic (As), commonly present in sulfides, oxides, and metal compounds like copper, cobalt, nickel, and lead, poses significant environmental and health hazards. Effective arsenic waste management is essential for pollution control and resource recovery. While vacuum distillation and graded condensation have been studied individually, this study introduces an integrated approach that combines single-step vacuum distillation with a multistage fractional condensation system based on molecular mean free path (MFP) principles. This method enables simultaneous recovery of elemental arsenic and enrichment of lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and silver (Ag) from highly toxic waste. By aligning condenser spacing with arsenic's MFP, the system enhances selective volatilization, differing from earlier empirical or single-stage designs. The approach was validated through theoretical analysis, CFD simulations, and experiments. At 500 °C and 10 Pa for 60 min, it achieved 99.1 % pure crude arsenic recovery, increased lead content from 37.55 % to 72.2 %, and reached 97.82 % arsenic removal efficiency. CFD results revealed detailed temperature and vapor flow patterns, closely matching experimental outcomes and confirming effectiveness. This clean, one-step process provides an economically feasible solution for arsenic removal and valuable metal concentration, with potential applicability to other complex waste streams.

砷（As）通常存在于硫化物、氧化物和铜、钴、镍和铅等金属化合物中，对环境和健康造成重大危害。有效的砷废物管理对污染控制和资源回收至关重要。虽然真空蒸馏和分级冷凝已经分别进行了研究，但本研究介绍了一种基于分子平均自由程（MFP）原理将单步真空蒸馏与多级分馏冷凝系统相结合的综合方法。这种方法可以同时从剧毒废物中回收砷元素和富集铅（Pb）、铋（Bi）和银（Ag）。通过将冷凝器间距与砷的MFP对齐，该系统增强了选择性挥发，不同于早期的经验或单级设计。通过理论分析、CFD仿真和实验验证了该方法的有效性。在500℃、10 Pa、60 min条件下，粗砷回收率达到99.1%，铅含量由37.55%提高到72.2%，砷的去除率达到97.82%。CFD结果显示了详细的温度和蒸汽流动模式，与实验结果非常吻合，证实了其有效性。这种清洁的一步法为除砷和有价金属浓度提供了经济可行的解决方案，并有可能适用于其他复杂的废物流。

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引用次数: 0

Intact electroadhesive performance under 10 keV electron irradiation in high vacuum 高真空下10kev电子辐照下完整的电粘接性能

IF 3.9 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2026.115098

Wenhe Liao , Bingrui Li , Wei Tian , Jinjun Duan , Jiaming Zhang , Yunfei Miao , Zhengwei Wang , Zichao Chen

Electroadhesion exhibits exceptional environmental adaptability and precise controllability, making it highly promising for space applications such as robotic manipulators, orbital debris capture, and on-orbit satellite servicing. Nevertheless, the fundamental adhesion mechanisms under high-vacuum electron irradiation remain inadequately characterized, and the electron charging effect may adversely impact the electroadhesive force, which severely limits its implementation in extraterrestrial environment. This study employs dielectric polarization theory coupled with three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to demonstrate that incident electrons deposit only in the superficial layer (≤2 μm depth) of dielectric coatings and target substrates, with negligible penetration to actuation electrodes. Such localized deposition induces minimal variations in interfacial potential (ΔV < 45 V) and electrostatic field distribution (variation <5.2 %), thereby preserving electroadhesive functionality. Experimental validation under simulated space conditions (electron energy: 10 keV) in a high-vacuum chamber (base pressure: 10⁻⁴ Pa) reveals: a) Consistent operational integrity of the electroadhesion pad (EA pad); b) Sustained adhesive force stability (>0.3 N/cm²) with minimal fluctuation (<11 %). These findings establish critical criteria for electroadhesion in space applications.

电粘附表现出卓越的环境适应性和精确的可控性，使其在机器人操纵器、轨道碎片捕获和在轨卫星服务等空间应用中具有很高的前景。然而，高真空电子辐照下的基本粘附机制尚不清楚，电子充电效应可能对电粘附力产生不利影响，严重限制了其在地外环境中的应用。本研究采用介电极化理论结合三维粒子池（PIC）模拟，证明入射电子仅沉积在介质涂层和目标衬底的浅层（≤2 μm深度），对驱动电极的穿透可以忽略不计。这种局部沉积导致界面电位（ΔV < 45 V）和静电场分布（变化<； 5.2%）的最小变化，从而保持电粘合功能。在高真空室（基压：10−4 Pa）模拟空间条件下（电子能量：10 keV）的实验验证表明：a)电粘附垫（EA垫）具有一致的操作完整性；b)持续的粘附力稳定性（>0.3 N/cm2），波动最小（< 11%）。这些发现为空间应用中的电粘附建立了关键标准。

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引用次数: 0

Promoting strength-ductility synergy by heterogeneous grain structure in a zirconium-alloyed Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steel 锆合金Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢的非均相组织促进强度-塑性协同作用

IF 3.9 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2026.115094

Yuheng Wang, Runze Yu, Fengchao An, Suotao Wang, Hao Wang, Zibo Zhao, Hongpu Yue, Tianxiang Gao, Junting Luo, Junsong Zhang, Riping Liu

Heterostructures, particularly dual-phase heterostructures, often lead to hetero-interfacial stress concentration, and ultimately premature failure, though they benefit from heterogeneous deformation. Addressing the challenge of strain localization and hetero-interfacial cracking, a single-phase heterogeneous grain structure is designed through tuning zirconium (Zr) content and employing precise thermo-mechanical treatment. As Zr content increases to 0.50 wt %, a single-phase bimodal grain structure is successfully engineered, including soft coarse grain zones (∼5 μm in size and 65 % in area) and hard fine grain zones (∼1 μm in size and 35 % in area). Such bimodal heterostructure is mainly ascribed to the retarding effect of recrystallization, due to the drag effect of Zr atoms and Zener pinning of ZrC. The synergistic effects of microstructural heterogeneity and ZrC precipitation enhance the strengths. Furthermore, multistage deformation mechanisms, involving heterogeneous deformation-induced hardening, dislocation slip and nanotwinning, enable the strain hardening capability and ductility.

异质结构，特别是双相异质结构，通常会导致异质界面应力集中，最终导致过早破坏，尽管它们受益于非均质变形。针对应变局部化和异质界面开裂的难题，通过调整锆（Zr）含量和采用精密热处理，设计了单相非均质晶粒结构。当Zr含量增加到0.50 wt %时，成功地设计了单相双峰晶结构，包括软粗晶区（尺寸~ 5 μm，面积65%）和硬细晶区（尺寸~ 1 μm，面积35%）。这种双峰异质结构主要是由于Zr原子的阻力作用和ZrC的齐纳钉扎作用对再结晶的阻碍作用。微观组织非均质性和ZrC析出的协同作用增强了材料的强度。此外，非均匀变形诱发硬化、位错滑移和纳米孪晶等多阶段变形机制使材料具有应变硬化能力和延性。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the rare earth phases, crystal textures and mechanical properties of pulsed laser welded Mg-5Al-2Gd-0.5Mn alloy weld 脉冲激光焊接Mg-5Al-2Gd-0.5Mn合金焊缝稀土相、晶构及力学性能研究

IF 3.9 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2026.115099

Bangfu Zhang , Xiaobin Zhang , Pengfei Zhao , Shuwang Bian , Kanglin Ke , Weifeng Xie

Due to the relatively low strength and plasticity of magnesium alloy welding joints, RE elements can enhance the strength and plasticity of magnesium alloys. Based on this, a rolled-state Mg-5Al-2Gd-0.5Mn rare earth magnesium alloy was developed and welded using pulsed laser welding technology. The research results indicate that the tensile strength reaches as high as 263.5 MPa, the fracture type is ductile fracture. Inside the grains, the main phase is the sub - micron - sized Al₂Gd phase. Near the grain boundaries, it is mainly the nano - sized Al₈Mn₄Gd phase, and at the grain boundaries, both phases coexist. During the growth process of the rare – earth (RE) phases, the intra - granular RE phases act as heterogeneous nucleation sites, and the grain - boundary RE phases absorb the Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase to form a polycrystalline phase at the grain boundaries. Their combined effect refines the grains. After forming, the intra - granular RE phases connect to form a strong pinning effect, which hinders the dislocation slip and shares more stress for the matrix. Meanwhile, the RE phases at the grain boundaries reduce the segregation of impurities and strengthen the grain boundaries.

由于镁合金焊接接头强度和塑性相对较低，稀土元素可以提高镁合金的强度和塑性。在此基础上，研制了轧制态Mg-5Al-2Gd-0.5Mn稀土镁合金，并采用脉冲激光焊接技术进行焊接。研究结果表明，拉伸强度高达263.5 MPa，断裂类型为韧性断裂。晶粒内部的主要相为亚微米大小的Al2Gd相。在晶界处主要为纳米Al8Mn4Gd相，在晶界处两相并存。在稀土相生长过程中，晶内稀土相作为非均相成核位点，晶界稀土相吸收Mg17Al12相，在晶界处形成多晶相。它们的共同作用使晶粒更加精细。形成后，颗粒内稀土相相互连接，形成较强的钉住作用，阻碍了位错滑移，为基体分担了较大的应力。同时，晶界处的稀土相减少了杂质的偏析，强化了晶界。

{"title":"Study on the rare earth phases, crystal textures and mechanical properties of pulsed laser welded Mg-5Al-2Gd-0.5Mn alloy weld","authors":"Bangfu Zhang , Xiaobin Zhang , Pengfei Zhao , Shuwang Bian , Kanglin Ke , Weifeng Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2026.115099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2026.115099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the relatively low strength and plasticity of magnesium alloy welding joints, RE elements can enhance the strength and plasticity of magnesium alloys. Based on this, a rolled-state Mg-5Al-2Gd-0.5Mn rare earth magnesium alloy was developed and welded using pulsed laser welding technology. The research results indicate that the tensile strength reaches as high as 263.5 MPa, the fracture type is ductile fracture. Inside the grains, the main phase is the sub - micron - sized Al<sub>2</sub>Gd phase. Near the grain boundaries, it is mainly the nano - sized Al<sub>8</sub>Mn<sub>4</sub>Gd phase, and at the grain boundaries, both phases coexist. During the growth process of the rare – earth (RE) phases, the intra - granular RE phases act as heterogeneous nucleation sites, and the grain - boundary RE phases absorb the Mg<sub>17</sub>Al<sub>12</sub> phase to form a polycrystalline phase at the grain boundaries. Their combined effect refines the grains. After forming, the intra - granular RE phases connect to form a strong pinning effect, which hinders the dislocation slip and shares more stress for the matrix. Meanwhile, the RE phases at the grain boundaries reduce the segregation of impurities and strengthen the grain boundaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 115099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polygons-assembled ZnO flower-like microparticles: easy fabrication, photoluminescence and tribocatalytic properties 多边形组装的ZnO花状微粒：易于制造、光致发光和摩擦催化性能

IF 3.9 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2026.115100

George Tzvetkov, Nina Kaneva, Evelina Vassileva, Tony Spassov

Novel hierarchically-structured ZnO microflowers (<5 μm) have been successfully prepared via rapid drop-by-drop precipitation method. The as-prepared microstructures possess high crystallinity, surface area of 24 m²g^-1 and optical band gap of 3.29 ± 0.03 eV. Also, they demonstrated intense yellow-green photoluminescence emission at room temperature, due to the abundant oxygen vacancy defects (V_O, V_O⁺ and V_O⁺⁺). The tribocatalytic properties of the microflowers were evaluated through degradation of Ciprofloxacin antibiotic at dark conditions. The as-prepared material showed very favorable catalytic activity, which led to 91.6 ± 1.1 % degradation of the pollutant within 480 min in typical pseudo-first-order kinetics. Scavenger tests identified superoxide radicals as the main active species in the catalytic process. Finally, ZnO microflowers displayed good recyclability, maintaining 90.2 ± 1.9 % drug degradation over three cycles. The ZnO microarchitectures observed in this work are considered as a promising cost-effective and environmentally benign material for future optoelectronic and tribocatalytic applications.

采用快速滴滴沉淀法成功制备了新型的5 μm ZnO微花。所制备的微结构具有较高的结晶度，比表面积为24 m2g-1，光学带隙为3.29±0.03 eV。由于含有丰富的氧空位缺陷（VO、VO+和VO++），在室温下表现出强烈的黄绿色光致发光。通过暗条件下对环丙沙星抗生素的降解，评价了微花的摩擦催化性能。所制备的材料表现出良好的催化活性，在典型的准一级动力学下，在480 min内对污染物的降解率为91.6±1.1%。清道夫试验确定超氧自由基是催化过程中的主要活性物质。最后，ZnO微花具有良好的可回收性，在3个循环中保持90.2±1.9%的药物降解率。在这项工作中观察到的ZnO微结构被认为是一种具有成本效益和环境友好的材料，可用于未来的光电和摩擦催化应用。

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引用次数: 0

The synthesis and oxidation resistance of Mo2TiAlC2 with TiC as Ti source 以TiC为钛源的Mo2TiAlC2的合成及其抗氧化性能

IF 3.9 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2026.115097

Bin Zhang, Yibo Di, Miao Zhang, Yukai Chang, Libo Wang, Aiguo Zhou

Mo₂TiAlC₂ is a novel MAX phase. Generally, the synthesis of Mo₂TiAlC₂ require Ti powders as Ti source. In this paper, TiC powders were used as Ti source to synthesize highly pure Mo₂TiAlC₂, at 1500 °C for 72 h or at 1600 °C for 3 h. As the Ti source, TiC can directly participate in the formation reaction, significantly improving the reaction kinetics, effectively lowering the synthesis temperature, and enabling the successful preparation of single-phase Mo₂TiAlC₂ at 1500 °C. Thereafter, the oxidation resistance of Mo₂TiAlC₂ was characterized. Based on thermal analysis, the oxidation of Mo₂TiAlC₂ proceeds in three distinct steps: first, partial oxidation of Mo₂TiAlC₂ initiates at 420 °C, generating MoO₃, Al₂(MoO₄)₃, and TiC; subsequently, between 520 °C and 715 °C, Mo₂TiAlC₂ and the TiC formed in first step are completely oxidized, yielding MoO₃, Al₂(MoO₄)₃, and TiO₂; finally, above 870 °C, Al₂(MoO₄)₃ decomposes and MoO₃ are volatized, resulting in TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ as the final oxidation products. The unique oxidation intermediates—MoO₃, Al₂(MoO₄)₃, and TiC—endow Mo₂TiAlC₂ with significant potential for applications in the field of tribology.

Mo2TiAlC2是一种新型的MAX相。一般来说，合成Mo2TiAlC2需要Ti粉作为Ti源。本文采用TiC粉末作为Ti源，在1500℃下反应72 h或1600℃下反应3 h，合成了高纯的Mo2TiAlC2。作为Ti源，TiC可以直接参与生成反应，显著提高了反应动力学，有效降低了合成温度，在1500℃下成功制备了单相Mo2TiAlC2。随后，对Mo2TiAlC2的抗氧化性能进行了表征。基于热分析，Mo2TiAlC2的氧化过程分为三个不同的步骤：首先，Mo2TiAlC2在420℃开始部分氧化，生成MoO3、Al2(MoO4)3和TiC；随后，在520 ~ 715℃之间，Mo2TiAlC2和第一步生成的TiC完全氧化，生成MoO3、Al2(MoO4)3和TiO2；最后，在870℃以上，Al2(MoO4)3分解，MoO3挥发，生成TiO2和Al2O3作为最终氧化产物。独特的氧化中间体- moo3， Al2(MoO4)3和tic -赋予Mo2TiAlC2在摩擦学领域具有巨大的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Design and performance of a lightweight, high power density permanent magnet Hall thruster 轻量化、高功率密度永磁霍尔推力器的设计与性能

IF 3.9 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2026.115095

Zijian Liu , Zijie Li , Zhihao Liu , Yong Wang , Rui Ding , Dezhi Sun , Chao Song , Yongjie Ding

The rapid deployment of commercial mega-constellations has created an urgent demand for electric propulsion systems that combine lightweight design with high power density. Although permanent magnet Hall thrusters have become one of the main practical solutions, they face a critical thermal-magnetic conflict: increasing power density exacerbates heat accumulation, leading to irreversible demagnetization due to the intrinsic thermal sensitivity of the permanent magnets. To address this fundamental challenge, this paper proposes a novel thermal management architecture based on the HEP-1350PM V2 thruster as the platform. The design replaces traditional structures with a lightweight 7075 aluminum alloy frame and integrates a black anodized radiator to form a low-thermal-resistance conduction path, significantly enhancing heat conduction and radiation capabilities. This approach effectively overcomes thermal bottlenecks, enabling stable operation under high thermal loads. Experimental results demonstrate that the thruster can reach thermal equilibrium across a wide power range from 200 W to 2 kW. Its peak total efficiency reaches 63.3 % with xenon propellant and 50.2 % with krypton propellant, while its power-to-weight ratio reaches 1.11 kW/kg, three times that of the SPT-100 thruster.

This study validates the effectiveness of the proposed architecture, providing a thermal management strategy for future high-power, lightweight space propulsion systems.

商业巨型星座的快速部署对结合轻量化设计和高功率密度的电力推进系统产生了迫切的需求。尽管永磁霍尔推进器已成为主要的实用解决方案之一，但它们面临着一个关键的热磁冲突：功率密度的增加加剧了热量的积累，导致永磁体固有的热敏性导致不可逆的退磁。为了解决这一根本性的挑战，本文提出了一种基于HEP-1350PM V2推进器作为平台的新型热管理架构。设计采用轻质7075铝合金框架取代传统结构，并集成黑色阳极化散热器，形成低热阻传导路径，显著增强导热辐射能力。这种方法有效地克服了热瓶颈，使高热负荷下的稳定运行成为可能。实验结果表明，该推进器在200 ~ 2 kW的功率范围内均能达到热平衡。氙推进剂和氪推进剂的峰值总效率分别达到63.3%和50.2%，功率重量比达到1.11 kW/kg，是SPT-100推进器的3倍。该研究验证了所提出架构的有效性，为未来的大功率、轻型空间推进系统提供了一种热管理策略。

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引用次数: 0

First-principles study of efficient solid-state hydrogen storage materials XSc3H8 (X = Rb and Cs) 高效固态储氢材料XSc3H8 （X = Rb和Cs）的第一性原理研究

IF 3.9 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2026.115088

Ziyan Dai , Saifei Wang , Xueli Xiang , Yan Chen , Shanjun Chen , Weibin Zhang

The structural, mechanical, hydrogen storage, optical, electronic, dynamic, and thermodynamic characteristics of XSc₃H₈ (X = Rb and Cs) compounds are investigated via first-principles calculations. The negative formation energies of RbSc₃H₈ (−0.55 eV/atom) and CsSc₃H₈ (−0.46 eV/atom) confirm their thermodynamic stability. The absence of imaginary frequencies in the phonon spectra verifies the dynamic stability of both compounds. The mechanical stability of RbSc₃H₈ and CsSc₃H₈ is validated by the elastic constants that meet the Born stability criteria. RbSc₃H₈ and CsSc₃H₈ exhibit gravimetric hydrogen storage capacities of 3.53 wt% and 2.92 wt%, respectively. The hydrogen desorption temperatures are 402.80 K for RbSc₃H₈ and 339.01 K for CsSc₃H₈, which are suitable for H₂ desorption. The mechanical properties indicate that RbSc₃H₈ exhibits brittle characteristics, whereas CsSc₃H₈ displays ductility, and both materials exhibit anisotropic characteristics. The analysis of electronic band structures reveals that these hydrides display metallic properties. Their optical characteristics indicate that they are materials with high polarizability. Our research suggests that RbSc₃H₈ exhibits greater potential as a hydrogen storage material due to its superior gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity, making it particularly suitable for weight-sensitive applications such as mobile hydrogen storage. While CsSc₃H₈ offers advantages in low-temperature applications owing to its lower desorption temperature.

通过第一性原理计算研究了XSc3H8 （X = Rb和Cs）化合物的结构、力学、储氢、光学、电子、动力学和热力学特性。RbSc3H8 （- 0.55 eV/原子）和CsSc3H8 （- 0.46 eV/原子）的负形成能证实了它们的热力学稳定性。声子谱中不存在虚频率，证实了这两种化合物的动态稳定性。RbSc3H8和CsSc3H8的弹性常数满足Born稳定性准则，验证了它们的力学稳定性。RbSc3H8和CsSc3H8的重量储氢量分别为3.53 wt%和2.92 wt%。RbSc3H8的脱氢温度为402.80 K， CsSc3H8的脱氢温度为339.01 K。力学性能表明，RbSc3H8表现出脆性特征，CsSc3H8表现出延性特征，两种材料均表现出各向异性特征。电子能带结构分析表明，这些氢化物具有金属性质。它们的光学特性表明它们是具有高极化率的材料。我们的研究表明，RbSc3H8作为一种储氢材料表现出更大的潜力，因为它具有优越的重量储氢能力，使其特别适合于重量敏感的应用，如移动储氢。而CsSc3H8由于其较低的解吸温度，在低温应用中具有优势。

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引用次数: 0