Pub Date : 2021-02-17DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2021.60.11-20
M. Al-Azzazy
The life history and predation rate of Neoseiulus barkeri (Phytoseiidae) feeding on Colomerus vitis (Eriophyidae), Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae) and Brevipalpus lewisi (Tenuipalpidae) were determined in the laboratory at constant temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 °C, relative humidity of 50 ± 5 % and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (light:dark). Within the temperature range studied, the increase of temperature from 25-35 °C led to a shortened development period and an increased total predation rate and reproduction. Survival during immature stages development surpassed 94 % at all the temperatures from 25 to 35 °C. The highest fecundity (59.50, 48.25 and 35.30 eggs per female) was recorded at 35 °C, while the minimum (40.25, 31.00 and 20.50 eggs per female) was at 25 °C when N. barkeri fed on C. vitis, T. urticae and B. lewisi, respectively. It is demonstrated in the life table parameters that when the predatory mite N. barkeri is fed on C. vitis, the highest reproduction rates (rm = 0.195, 0.210 and 0.232 females/female/day) are obtained, while feeding on B. lewisi gave the minimum of reproduction rates (rm = 0.095, 0.105 and 0.115) at 25 °C, 30 °C and 35 °C, respectively. The population of N. barkeri multiplied 20.45, 22.63 and 24.89 times in a generation time of 16.80, 14.75 and 12.50 days when fed on C. vitis at the same temperatures mentioned above, respectively, while N. barkeri multiplied 10.70, 12.88 and 14.36 times in a generation time of 23.20, 21.11 and 18.08 days when fed on B. lewisi at the same temperatures, respectively. This shows that N. barkeri is a promising control agent for C. vitis, T. urticae and B. lewisi on grape trees.
{"title":"Biological performance of the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Phytoseiidae): a candidate for controlling of three mite species infesting grape trees","authors":"M. Al-Azzazy","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2021.60.11-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2021.60.11-20","url":null,"abstract":"The life history and predation rate of Neoseiulus barkeri (Phytoseiidae) feeding on Colomerus vitis (Eriophyidae), Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae) and Brevipalpus lewisi (Tenuipalpidae) were determined in the laboratory at constant temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 °C, relative humidity of 50 ± 5 % and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (light:dark). Within the temperature range studied, the increase of temperature from 25-35 °C led to a shortened development period and an increased total predation rate and reproduction. Survival during immature stages development surpassed 94 % at all the temperatures from 25 to 35 °C. The highest fecundity (59.50, 48.25 and 35.30 eggs per female) was recorded at 35 °C, while the minimum (40.25, 31.00 and 20.50 eggs per female) was at 25 °C when N. barkeri fed on C. vitis, T. urticae and B. lewisi, respectively. It is demonstrated in the life table parameters that when the predatory mite N. barkeri is fed on C. vitis, the highest reproduction rates (rm = 0.195, 0.210 and 0.232 females/female/day) are obtained, while feeding on B. lewisi gave the minimum of reproduction rates (rm = 0.095, 0.105 and 0.115) at 25 °C, 30 °C and 35 °C, respectively. The population of N. barkeri multiplied 20.45, 22.63 and 24.89 times in a generation time of 16.80, 14.75 and 12.50 days when fed on C. vitis at the same temperatures mentioned above, respectively, while N. barkeri multiplied 10.70, 12.88 and 14.36 times in a generation time of 23.20, 21.11 and 18.08 days when fed on B. lewisi at the same temperatures, respectively. This shows that N. barkeri is a promising control agent for C. vitis, T. urticae and B. lewisi on grape trees.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"87 1","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77463049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-02DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.181-190
M. C. Ramos, F. Toda
The aim of this research was to predict the changes in vine phenology under future climate change of two red varieties, cultivated under rainfed conditions, and how grape composition can be affected. The research was conducted in Rioja Designation of Origin (DOCa), a viticultural area located in north central Spain, where red varieties represent near 90 % of the cultivated vineyards. The research focuses on 'Tempranillo' and 'Grenache', which represent about 85 % and 10 %, respectively, of cultivated red varieties in the area. The analysis included data related to vineyards located at different elevations and with different climatic conditions, recorded during the period 2008-2018. Phenological dates related to separated flowers (stage H), veraison (stage M) and maturity of the two varieties as well as the grape composition during the ripening period and at maturity were evaluated. The future scenarios were based on the predicted temperature and precipitation changes under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios –RCP4.5 and RCP8.5-, which were simulated with an ensemble of models. Projections for 2050 and 2070 were made based on the observed phenological dates and the heat accumulation needed to reach each stage along the growing cycle. An advance of all phenological stages was projected, higher for veraison and maturity than for the earlier stages, and without large differences between both varieties but with differences at different elevations. Veraison is expected to be advanced up to 11 days for 2050 and up to 12 days for 2070 under the RCP4.5 scenario, while under the RCP8.5 scenario, the advance by 2070 could be up to 20 days for both varieties. For maturity, the advance could be up to 27 days for 'Tempranillo' and 25 days for 'Grenache', with differences between the cooler and the warmer areas. These changes resulted in a shortening of the periods between phenological stages, giving rise to maturity under warmer conditions. Based on the variability of grape composition observed in the warmer in relation to cooler years, and on the relationship with climate variables, a decrease in acidity as well as a reduction in the content of total anthocyanins is expected for both varieties, which may be higher for 'Grenache' than for 'Tempranillo'.
{"title":"Projecting changes in phenology and grape composition of 'Tempranillo' and 'Grenache' varieties under climate warming in Rioja DOCa","authors":"M. C. Ramos, F. Toda","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.181-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.181-190","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to predict the changes in vine phenology under future climate change of two red varieties, cultivated under rainfed conditions, and how grape composition can be affected. The research was conducted in Rioja Designation of Origin (DOCa), a viticultural area located in north central Spain, where red varieties represent near 90 % of the cultivated vineyards. The research focuses on 'Tempranillo' and 'Grenache', which represent about 85 % and 10 %, respectively, of cultivated red varieties in the area. The analysis included data related to vineyards located at different elevations and with different climatic conditions, recorded during the period 2008-2018. Phenological dates related to separated flowers (stage H), veraison (stage M) and maturity of the two varieties as well as the grape composition during the ripening period and at maturity were evaluated. The future scenarios were based on the predicted temperature and precipitation changes under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios –RCP4.5 and RCP8.5-, which were simulated with an ensemble of models. Projections for 2050 and 2070 were made based on the observed phenological dates and the heat accumulation needed to reach each stage along the growing cycle. An advance of all phenological stages was projected, higher for veraison and maturity than for the earlier stages, and without large differences between both varieties but with differences at different elevations. Veraison is expected to be advanced up to 11 days for 2050 and up to 12 days for 2070 under the RCP4.5 scenario, while under the RCP8.5 scenario, the advance by 2070 could be up to 20 days for both varieties. For maturity, the advance could be up to 27 days for 'Tempranillo' and 25 days for 'Grenache', with differences between the cooler and the warmer areas. These changes resulted in a shortening of the periods between phenological stages, giving rise to maturity under warmer conditions. Based on the variability of grape composition observed in the warmer in relation to cooler years, and on the relationship with climate variables, a decrease in acidity as well as a reduction in the content of total anthocyanins is expected for both varieties, which may be higher for 'Grenache' than for 'Tempranillo'.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"181-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79788864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.149-153
G. Nicolini, L. Tonidandel, A. Barbero, M. Paolini, E. Celotti, M. Bottura, T. Román
The effect of ripeness on the concentration of polyfunctional thiol precursors was investigated in 'Gewurztraminer' juices in two vintages characterised by very different climate conditions. An incremental trend of glutathionyl-3-mercaptohexan-1-ol and cysteinyl-3-mercaptohexan-1-ol during ripening was observed. The increase in the last phase of maturation was noticeable in both vintages. The concentration of 4-S-glutathionyl-4-methylpentan-2-one and 4-S-cysteinyl-4-methylpentan-2-one was confirmed to be low in 'Gewurztraminer', although the latter was found at quantifiable levels in a couple of samples. The management of the harvest date appears to be highly important in order to exploit the potential grapefruit-like note related to polyfunctional thiols of little aromatic GWT wines, particularly in case of challenging vintage years.
在气候条件非常不同的两个年份中，研究了成熟度对“酒浆”果汁中多功能硫醇前体浓度的影响。在成熟过程中，谷胱甘肽-3-巯基己烷-1-醇和半胱氨酸-3-巯基己烷-1-醇呈增加趋势。这两个年份在成熟的最后阶段都有明显的增加。4- s -谷胱甘肽-4-甲基戊烷-2- 1和4- s -半胱氨酸-4-甲基戊烷-2- 1的浓度被证实在“Gewurztraminer”中很低，尽管后者在几个样品中被发现具有可量化的水平。采收日期的管理似乎是非常重要的，以开发潜在的葡萄柚的味道，与多功能性硫醇的小芳香GWT葡萄酒，特别是在具有挑战性的年份。
{"title":"Ripening effect on the concentration of polyfunctional thiol precursors in 'Gewürztraminer'","authors":"G. Nicolini, L. Tonidandel, A. Barbero, M. Paolini, E. Celotti, M. Bottura, T. Román","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.149-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.149-153","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of ripeness on the concentration of polyfunctional thiol precursors was investigated in 'Gewurztraminer' juices in two vintages characterised by very different climate conditions. An incremental trend of glutathionyl-3-mercaptohexan-1-ol and cysteinyl-3-mercaptohexan-1-ol during ripening was observed. The increase in the last phase of maturation was noticeable in both vintages. The concentration of 4-S-glutathionyl-4-methylpentan-2-one and 4-S-cysteinyl-4-methylpentan-2-one was confirmed to be low in 'Gewurztraminer', although the latter was found at quantifiable levels in a couple of samples. The management of the harvest date appears to be highly important in order to exploit the potential grapefruit-like note related to polyfunctional thiols of little aromatic GWT wines, particularly in case of challenging vintage years.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"98 1","pages":"149-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79247880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.163-168
P. Abbal, A. Vernhet, E. Abi-Habib, S. Carrillo, M. Ducasse, C. Legrand
The mechanical strength or firmness of a fruit is considered an important parameter to characterise its state of ripeness or conservation, as well as other parameters such as sugar level or color. The mechanical hardness of grapes influences the integrity and sanitary quality of the harvest. In this study, the mechanical characteristics of grapevine berries were studied at harvest time in order to determine their rheological properties (firmness and hardness of the berry skin) during alcoholic fermentation. Special indexes were defined measuring the energy needed to crush the berries to 50 % of their initial diameter, and applied successively to two different varieties. The entire berry firmness and the skin hardness were both different. Mechanical indexes linked to grape firmness were defined. Using these indexes, a significant effect on the firmness behavior due to variety was recorded: the skin of 'Grenache Noir' was found firmer and harder than 'Carignan Noir'. Furthermore, during the alcoholic fermentation, no change in skin hardness was observed for both varieties, despite changes in the composition of the must. These results give new information on mechanical properties of berries and could be used as an aid in the winemaking process. Indeed, they would probably help the winemaker to better choose the type of fermentation and maceration adapted to his grapes according to the type of wine he wishes to produce.
{"title":"Mechanical tests and definition of new indexes of grape berry firmness. Evolution of berry skin hardness during alcoholic fermentation","authors":"P. Abbal, A. Vernhet, E. Abi-Habib, S. Carrillo, M. Ducasse, C. Legrand","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.163-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.163-168","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical strength or firmness of a fruit is considered an important parameter to characterise its state of ripeness or conservation, as well as other parameters such as sugar level or color. The mechanical hardness of grapes influences the integrity and sanitary quality of the harvest. In this study, the mechanical characteristics of grapevine berries were studied at harvest time in order to determine their rheological properties (firmness and hardness of the berry skin) during alcoholic fermentation. Special indexes were defined measuring the energy needed to crush the berries to 50 % of their initial diameter, and applied successively to two different varieties. The entire berry firmness and the skin hardness were both different. Mechanical indexes linked to grape firmness were defined. Using these indexes, a significant effect on the firmness behavior due to variety was recorded: the skin of 'Grenache Noir' was found firmer and harder than 'Carignan Noir'. Furthermore, during the alcoholic fermentation, no change in skin hardness was observed for both varieties, despite changes in the composition of the must. These results give new information on mechanical properties of berries and could be used as an aid in the winemaking process. Indeed, they would probably help the winemaker to better choose the type of fermentation and maceration adapted to his grapes according to the type of wine he wishes to produce.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"163-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76615392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.169-180
M. Betancur-Agudelo, E. Meyer, P. E. Lovato
Soils in old vineyards in southern Brazil have high copper accumulation due to fungicide applications over the years, which can affect physiology and growth of young grapevine plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alleviate toxic effects of metals and increase photosynthesis and plant growth. We evaluated whether inoculation with Rhizophagus clarus (Rh) from a mining area or with a trap-culture-enriched AMF community (Tc) isolated from a high-copper vineyard soil, improved growth and photosynthesis in grapevine rootstocks planted in young ( 60 years) vineyards soils of Vale da Uva Goethe, SC, Brazil. Mycorrhizal colonization was higher in grapevines installed in young vineyard soil than those planted in old vineyard soil. Plants grew more in the old vineyard soil than in the soil from a young vineyard, and that was related to plant nutrient concentration in the soil. In both soils, Tc-inoculated grapevines had higher photosynthetic activity, while those inoculated with R. clarus had higher carbon assimilation. In conclusion, grapevines showed a positive response to AMF inoculation in different soil conditions, and the native AMF community from high copper soils are promising for inoculation of grapevines.
巴西南部老葡萄园的土壤由于多年施用杀菌剂而具有高铜积累，这可能影响年轻葡萄植株的生理和生长。丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)减轻金属的毒性作用，促进光合作用和植物生长。我们评估了接种来自矿区的根噬菌(Rh)或从高铜葡萄园土壤中分离的富含诱杀培养的AMF群落(Tc)是否能改善巴西Vale da Uva Goethe年轻(60年)葡萄园土壤中种植的葡萄砧木的生长和光合作用。种植在年轻葡萄园土壤中的葡萄菌根定植量高于种植在老葡萄园土壤中的葡萄。植物在老葡萄园土壤中比在新葡萄园土壤中生长得多，这与土壤中植物养分浓度有关。在两种土壤中，接种了tc的葡萄具有更高的光合活性，而接种了红曲霉的葡萄具有更高的碳同化能力。综上所述，葡萄在不同土壤条件下对AMF接种均表现出积极响应，高铜土壤的原生AMF群落具有接种葡萄的良好前景。
{"title":"Growth, heavy metal uptake, and photosynthesis in 'Paulsen 1103' (Vitis berlandieri x rupestris) grapevine rootstocks inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from vineyard soils with high copper contents","authors":"M. Betancur-Agudelo, E. Meyer, P. E. Lovato","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.169-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.169-180","url":null,"abstract":"Soils in old vineyards in southern Brazil have high copper accumulation due to fungicide applications over the years, which can affect physiology and growth of young grapevine plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alleviate toxic effects of metals and increase photosynthesis and plant growth. We evaluated whether inoculation with Rhizophagus clarus (Rh) from a mining area or with a trap-culture-enriched AMF community (Tc) isolated from a high-copper vineyard soil, improved growth and photosynthesis in grapevine rootstocks planted in young ( 60 years) vineyards soils of Vale da Uva Goethe, SC, Brazil. Mycorrhizal colonization was higher in grapevines installed in young vineyard soil than those planted in old vineyard soil. Plants grew more in the old vineyard soil than in the soil from a young vineyard, and that was related to plant nutrient concentration in the soil. In both soils, Tc-inoculated grapevines had higher photosynthetic activity, while those inoculated with R. clarus had higher carbon assimilation. In conclusion, grapevines showed a positive response to AMF inoculation in different soil conditions, and the native AMF community from high copper soils are promising for inoculation of grapevines.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"169-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83897669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.155-162
X. Pan, Ming-Quan Yuan, Jing-Chao Chen, Man Yu, J. Qu, Fang Liu, S. Xiang, You-yong Zhu, Ming-Zhi Yang
The potential for endophytes to initiate changes in host secondary metabolism has been well documented. However, the mechanisms underlying endophyte-plant metabolic interactions are still poorly understood. Here, we analysed the effects of fungal endophytes on the metabolite profiles of grape cells from two cultivars: 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (CS) and 'Rose honey' (RH). Our results clearly showed that co-culture with endophytic fungi greatly modified the metabolic profiles in grape cells of both varieties. Treatments with endophytic fungal strains caused the numbers of detected metabolites to vary from 10 to 19 in CS cells and from 8 to 14 in RH cells. In addition, 5 metabolites were detected in all CS cell samples, while 4 metabolites were detected in all RH cell samples. Some endophytic fungal strains could even introduce novel metabolites into the co-cultured grape cells. The metabolic profiles of grape leaves shaped by endophytic fungi exhibited host selectivity and fungal strain specificity. In this assay, the fungal strains RH32 (Alternaria sp.) and MDR36 (Colletotrichum sp.) triggered an increased response of the detected metabolites, including the greatest increase in the metabolite contents in grape cells of both cultivars. No obvious effects in terms of metabolite numbers and contents in grape cells when co-cultured with fungal strains RH7 (Epicoccum sp.) and RH48 (Colletotrichum sp.) were observed. The results of this experiment suggest that endophytic fungi could be used to control the metabolic profiles of grapes and thus increase grape quality.
{"title":"Diverse and strain-specific metabolites patterns induced by fungal endophytes in grape cells of different varieties","authors":"X. Pan, Ming-Quan Yuan, Jing-Chao Chen, Man Yu, J. Qu, Fang Liu, S. Xiang, You-yong Zhu, Ming-Zhi Yang","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.155-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.155-162","url":null,"abstract":"The potential for endophytes to initiate changes in host secondary metabolism has been well documented. However, the mechanisms underlying endophyte-plant metabolic interactions are still poorly understood. Here, we analysed the effects of fungal endophytes on the metabolite profiles of grape cells from two cultivars: 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (CS) and 'Rose honey' (RH). Our results clearly showed that co-culture with endophytic fungi greatly modified the metabolic profiles in grape cells of both varieties. Treatments with endophytic fungal strains caused the numbers of detected metabolites to vary from 10 to 19 in CS cells and from 8 to 14 in RH cells. In addition, 5 metabolites were detected in all CS cell samples, while 4 metabolites were detected in all RH cell samples. Some endophytic fungal strains could even introduce novel metabolites into the co-cultured grape cells. The metabolic profiles of grape leaves shaped by endophytic fungi exhibited host selectivity and fungal strain specificity. In this assay, the fungal strains RH32 (Alternaria sp.) and MDR36 (Colletotrichum sp.) triggered an increased response of the detected metabolites, including the greatest increase in the metabolite contents in grape cells of both cultivars. No obvious effects in terms of metabolite numbers and contents in grape cells when co-cultured with fungal strains RH7 (Epicoccum sp.) and RH48 (Colletotrichum sp.) were observed. The results of this experiment suggest that endophytic fungi could be used to control the metabolic profiles of grapes and thus increase grape quality.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"155-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91161542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.141-147
H. Sarikhani, H. Delgarm, S. Mansouri
Low winter temperatures are one of the limiting factors of grape production worldwide. This study was undertaken to inquire about the effects of postharvest early defoliation on the cold hardiness of grapevine. The grapevines samples, cv. Sultana, were defoliated at two stages (10 and 25 days after harvest), and then they were compared with natural leaf fall. Cane samples were collected in December 2017 and February 2018, and analyzed in terms of water content, soluble carbohydrate, and proline concentrations in both bud and cane tissues. The samples were then subjected to freezing treatments i. e. -8, -12, -15, -18, -21, and -24 °C for evaluating the levels of cold hardiness. Based on these results, early defoliation reduced proline and soluble carbohydrate concentrations but increased the water content compared to the control. Leaf removal also decreased abscisic acid concentration in the bud samples. Investigation of cold hardiness by electrolyte leakage and tetrazolium staining examinations showed that the defoliation decreased cold hardiness. Results demonstrated that leaf removal between the growing season and the beginning of the acclimation stage decreased the metabolite concentration in buds and canes and resulted to a reduction of cold hardiness.
{"title":"Physiological impacts of early defoliation on the cold hardiness of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) 'Sultana'","authors":"H. Sarikhani, H. Delgarm, S. Mansouri","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.141-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.141-147","url":null,"abstract":"Low winter temperatures are one of the limiting factors of grape production worldwide. This study was undertaken to inquire about the effects of postharvest early defoliation on the cold hardiness of grapevine. The grapevines samples, cv. Sultana, were defoliated at two stages (10 and 25 days after harvest), and then they were compared with natural leaf fall. Cane samples were collected in December 2017 and February 2018, and analyzed in terms of water content, soluble carbohydrate, and proline concentrations in both bud and cane tissues. The samples were then subjected to freezing treatments i. e. -8, -12, -15, -18, -21, and -24 °C for evaluating the levels of cold hardiness. Based on these results, early defoliation reduced proline and soluble carbohydrate concentrations but increased the water content compared to the control. Leaf removal also decreased abscisic acid concentration in the bud samples. Investigation of cold hardiness by electrolyte leakage and tetrazolium staining examinations showed that the defoliation decreased cold hardiness. Results demonstrated that leaf removal between the growing season and the beginning of the acclimation stage decreased the metabolite concentration in buds and canes and resulted to a reduction of cold hardiness.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"101 1","pages":"141-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91331834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-30DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.93-100
G. Damasco, D. Delpiano, R. Larcher, T. Nardin, M. Perra, G. Lovicu
The stone artefact in the hut γ of the NuragheGenna Maria, object of this study, is part of a compound still unpublished today and dated to the Nuragic period. It was found during a 1991 excavation, revealing a situation unchanged since the collapse occurred between the 10th and 9th century B.C., thus preserving the situation at the time of the collapse to this day. The presence of tartaric acid - the marker considered to determinate the presence of wines or products deriving from grapes - has been determined using HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-HQOMS. So the findings under examination, together with the overall evaluation of the archaeological aspects examined, suggests to positively consider the stone artifact as a "laccus" (the latin word for wine presses, still used in the Sardinian language today ) for grape crushing. The internal slope of the floor of the "laccus" allowed the extraction of juice with rapid separation of juice from berry skins. The presence in Sardinia of a large number of "stone wine presses" ("palmenti" in Italian) such as that of the Nuraghe Genna Maria studied in this article, brings a contribution to their dating and confirm the existence of an oenological industry on the island in the Archaic period (9th-10th century B.C.).
{"title":"Confirming the function of a Final Bronze Age wine processing site in the Nuraghe Genna Maria in Villanovaforru (South Sardinia)","authors":"G. Damasco, D. Delpiano, R. Larcher, T. Nardin, M. Perra, G. Lovicu","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.93-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.93-100","url":null,"abstract":"The stone artefact in the hut γ of the NuragheGenna Maria, object of this study, is part of a compound still unpublished today and dated to the Nuragic period. It was found during a 1991 excavation, revealing a situation unchanged since the collapse occurred between the 10th and 9th century B.C., thus preserving the situation at the time of the collapse to this day. \u0000The presence of tartaric acid - the marker considered to determinate the presence of wines or products deriving from grapes - has been determined using HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-HQOMS. So the findings under examination, together with the overall evaluation of the archaeological aspects examined, suggests to positively consider the stone artifact as a \"laccus\" (the latin word for wine presses, still used in the Sardinian language today ) for grape crushing. The internal slope of the floor of the \"laccus\" allowed the extraction of juice with rapid separation of juice from berry skins. \u0000The presence in Sardinia of a large number of \"stone wine presses\" (\"palmenti\" in Italian) such as that of the Nuraghe Genna Maria studied in this article, brings a contribution to their dating and confirm the existence of an oenological industry on the island in the Archaic period (9th-10th century B.C.).","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89808598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-30DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.117-126
Zeyu Xiao, Kerry DeGaris, T. Baby, Suzanne McLoughlin, B. Holzapfel, R. Walker, L. Schmidtke, S. Rogiers
Potassium is the most abundant cation in grape berries. It has important roles in grapevine physiology and winemaking. This study investigates the feasibility of using rootstocks to lower berry potassium concentrations ([K]) in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevines. The ultimate target is to achieve lower pH and higher titratable acidity (TA) in grape juice so as to bring down the cost of acid adjustment during winemaking. The specific objective here is to provide new insights into the potential of particular rootstocks to modify K uptake by 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevines and their partitioning and accumulation into grape berries. The vineyard soils of a replicated rootstock trial located in the Limestone Coast of South Australia were characterised. Petiole, berry and juice nutrient content were assessed at oenological maturity of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grown on eight different rootstocks. Rootstock had an impact on cations of the vegetative tissue of 'Cabernet Sauvignon', with Merbein 5512 having the lowest petiole [K]. The concentrations of major cations in the berry were, however, not altered by rootstock. While no particular rootstock stood out in limiting 'Cabernet Sauvignon' berry K accumulation, berries grown on the 'Borner' rootstock tended to have slightly lower concentrations (< 10 %) relative to vines on their own roots. Across the rootstocks, juice pH tended to increase with greater juice [K], while juice TA tended to decrease with greater juice [K]. It was found that juice TA was higher for the rootstocks 140 Ruggeri and 110 Richter, and juice pH tended to be lower for the rootstocks 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri, Merbein 5512 and Merbein 5489. There was no effect of rootstock on total soluble solids.
{"title":"Using rootstocks to lower berry potassium concentrations in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevines","authors":"Zeyu Xiao, Kerry DeGaris, T. Baby, Suzanne McLoughlin, B. Holzapfel, R. Walker, L. Schmidtke, S. Rogiers","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.117-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.117-126","url":null,"abstract":"Potassium is the most abundant cation in grape berries. It has important roles in grapevine physiology and winemaking. This study investigates the feasibility of using rootstocks to lower berry potassium concentrations ([K]) in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevines. The ultimate target is to achieve lower pH and higher titratable acidity (TA) in grape juice so as to bring down the cost of acid adjustment during winemaking. The specific objective here is to provide new insights into the potential of particular rootstocks to modify K uptake by 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevines and their partitioning and accumulation into grape berries. \u0000The vineyard soils of a replicated rootstock trial located in the Limestone Coast of South Australia were characterised. Petiole, berry and juice nutrient content were assessed at oenological maturity of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grown on eight different rootstocks. Rootstock had an impact on cations of the vegetative tissue of 'Cabernet Sauvignon', with Merbein 5512 having the lowest petiole [K]. The concentrations of major cations in the berry were, however, not altered by rootstock. While no particular rootstock stood out in limiting 'Cabernet Sauvignon' berry K accumulation, berries grown on the 'Borner' rootstock tended to have slightly lower concentrations (< 10 %) relative to vines on their own roots. \u0000Across the rootstocks, juice pH tended to increase with greater juice [K], while juice TA tended to decrease with greater juice [K]. It was found that juice TA was higher for the rootstocks 140 Ruggeri and 110 Richter, and juice pH tended to be lower for the rootstocks 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri, Merbein 5512 and Merbein 5489. There was no effect of rootstock on total soluble solids.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"90 1","pages":"117-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79950450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-30DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.111-116
D. Goszczynski
RT-PCR amplicons of dsRNA isolated from various grapevines, which were used in the experiments of transmission of 'Shiraz' disease (SD) from 'Cinsaut Blanc' clone P163/12 to SD-susceptible 'Merlot' and 'Shiraz' using mealybug Planococcus ficus and grafting were investigated. The amplicons were generated in RT-PCR based on virus-specific or random hexamers oligonucleotide primers. Standard molecular techniques and high-throughput sequencing (HTS), respectively, were applied. The results supported the hypothesis that GVA M5v variant present in 'Cinsaut Blanc' P163/12, which is a member of group II of GVA variants associated with SD, is crucial for developing this disease. HTS data did not reveal any other grapevine viruses besides GLRaV-3 and GVA in SD-affected grapevines, except for GVE which, however, was not present in all diseased plants.
{"title":"Accumulated data and results from the recent study of dsRNA isolated from grapevines used in experiments of insect and graft transmission of 'Shiraz' disease","authors":"D. Goszczynski","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.111-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.111-116","url":null,"abstract":"RT-PCR amplicons of dsRNA isolated from various grapevines, which were used in the experiments of transmission of 'Shiraz' disease (SD) from 'Cinsaut Blanc' clone P163/12 to SD-susceptible 'Merlot' and 'Shiraz' using mealybug Planococcus ficus and grafting were investigated. The amplicons were generated in RT-PCR based on virus-specific or random hexamers oligonucleotide primers. Standard molecular techniques and high-throughput sequencing (HTS), respectively, were applied. The results supported the hypothesis that GVA M5v variant present in 'Cinsaut Blanc' P163/12, which is a member of group II of GVA variants associated with SD, is crucial for developing this disease. HTS data did not reveal any other grapevine viruses besides GLRaV-3 and GVA in SD-affected grapevines, except for GVE which, however, was not present in all diseased plants.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"111-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90978913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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