Pub Date : 2020-07-30DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.101-103
J. García, R. Peiró, F. Martínez-Gil, J. Soler, C. Jiménez, A. Yuste, C. Xirivella, C. Gisbert
In this work we report new findings related to the recovery of old vines in The Comunitat Valenciana (Spain), where great diversity of grapevines varieties was present prior the phylloxera arrival. New accessions of old varieties previously recovered by our group and in risk of disappearance were located. Accessions with new SSR profiles were also found and, in some cases, could be ascribed to old grapevine ampelonyms; new synonymies were also detected. Chlorotypes were determined in the recovered germplasm. Several actions for the preservation of the recovered accessions have been initiated.
{"title":"Recovering old grapevine varieties","authors":"J. García, R. Peiró, F. Martínez-Gil, J. Soler, C. Jiménez, A. Yuste, C. Xirivella, C. Gisbert","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.101-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.101-103","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we report new findings related to the recovery of old vines in The Comunitat Valenciana (Spain), where great diversity of grapevines varieties was present prior the phylloxera arrival. New accessions of old varieties previously recovered by our group and in risk of disappearance were located. Accessions with new SSR profiles were also found and, in some cases, could be ascribed to old grapevine ampelonyms; new synonymies were also detected. Chlorotypes were determined in the recovered germplasm. Several actions for the preservation of the recovered accessions have been initiated.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"101-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83697457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-30DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.105-109
N. Karavin, I. Batın
This study aimed to determine the variation in metal resorption, mobilization and accumulation in various parts of Vitis vinifera L. In contrast to N and P, the metal resorption is undesirable for plants. Root, stem, tendril, leaf and fruit samples were collected in green and senescence periods. Metal concentrations were determined by ICP-OES. Resorption efficiency and proficiency values of metals were calculated. Results showed Cr toxicity in organs of Vitis vinifera. All the metals mobilized among organs. Except Mn and Pb, resorption occurred for metals in various organs. Results indicated that metals were resorbed from various organs and accumulated in other plant tissues, especially in roots and leaves. Mn and Pb weren't reabsorbed from any organ and tended to accumulate especially in leaves. Due to leaf abscission, high metal content in senescent leaves is good for growth of V. vinifera and harmful for sustainability of soil and ecosystems.
{"title":"Resorption, mobilization and accumulation of metals in different parts of Vitis vinifera L.","authors":"N. Karavin, I. Batın","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.105-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.105-109","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the variation in metal resorption, mobilization and accumulation in various parts of Vitis vinifera L. In contrast to N and P, the metal resorption is undesirable for plants. Root, stem, tendril, leaf and fruit samples were collected in green and senescence periods. Metal concentrations were determined by ICP-OES. Resorption efficiency and proficiency values of metals were calculated. Results showed Cr toxicity in organs of Vitis vinifera. All the metals mobilized among organs. Except Mn and Pb, resorption occurred for metals in various organs. Results indicated that metals were resorbed from various organs and accumulated in other plant tissues, especially in roots and leaves. Mn and Pb weren't reabsorbed from any organ and tended to accumulate especially in leaves. Due to leaf abscission, high metal content in senescent leaves is good for growth of V. vinifera and harmful for sustainability of soil and ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"105-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76183681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.127-132
G. Deza-Borau, M. L. Peschiutta, V. D. Brito, V. Usseglio, M. Zunino, J. Zygadlo
The mealybug species, Planococcus ficus Signoret (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a pest that mainly affects grapevine plantations (Vitis vinifera L.), causing huge economic losses in the world. The numerous problems caused by the use of synthetic pesticides on the environment and human health have motivated the development and implementation of natural pesticides. The objective of this work was to develop effective and efficient contact bioinsecticide formulations for the control of P. ficus in vineyards. Anti-mealybug formulations were developed using (R)-(+)-pulegone as an active principle, TWEEN® 20 and soy lecithin powder as surfactants, and limonene and diatomaceous earth (DE) as insect waxy layer reducers. The insecticidal properties of formulations against vine mealybugs and their grapevine leaf phytotoxicity were evaluated in laboratory conditions. Pulegone+DE+Lecithin and Pulegone+Limonene+DE+Lecithin formulations showed the highest mortality rates of P. ficus (more than 70 % mortality) at 24 h and 48 h of treatment. This high mortality is probably due to an interaction between pulegone, DE and soy lecithin that allows more molecular mobility and increases the efficiency of the active substance, making it enter and act on the insect. In conclusion, the Pulegone+DE+Lecithin and Pulegone+Limonene+DE+Lecithin formulations can be an efficient tool for the organic control of P. ficus in vineyards.
{"title":"Towards a development of novel bioinsecticides for organic control of Planococcus ficus in vineyards","authors":"G. Deza-Borau, M. L. Peschiutta, V. D. Brito, V. Usseglio, M. Zunino, J. Zygadlo","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.127-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.127-132","url":null,"abstract":"The mealybug species, Planococcus ficus Signoret (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a pest that mainly affects grapevine plantations (Vitis vinifera L.), causing huge economic losses in the world. The numerous problems caused by the use of synthetic pesticides on the environment and human health have motivated the development and implementation of natural pesticides. The objective of this work was to develop effective and efficient contact bioinsecticide formulations for the control of P. ficus in vineyards. Anti-mealybug formulations were developed using (R)-(+)-pulegone as an active principle, TWEEN® 20 and soy lecithin powder as surfactants, and limonene and diatomaceous earth (DE) as insect waxy layer reducers. The insecticidal properties of formulations against vine mealybugs and their grapevine leaf phytotoxicity were evaluated in laboratory conditions. Pulegone+DE+Lecithin and Pulegone+Limonene+DE+Lecithin formulations showed the highest mortality rates of P. ficus (more than 70 % mortality) at 24 h and 48 h of treatment. This high mortality is probably due to an interaction between pulegone, DE and soy lecithin that allows more molecular mobility and increases the efficiency of the active substance, making it enter and act on the insect. In conclusion, the Pulegone+DE+Lecithin and Pulegone+Limonene+DE+Lecithin formulations can be an efficient tool for the organic control of P. ficus in vineyards.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75520925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.133-140
L. Stefanello, R. Schwalbert, A. R. Marques, C. Tarouco, B. B. Vitto, A. V. Krug, J. P. D. Santos, B. P. Galarza, J. Zalamena, H. P. Santos, G. W. Melo, G. Brunetto
The great majority of sandy soils present low nitrogen availability, generally below vines physiological demand, and therefore nitrogen fertilizer application, such as urea, is necessary. However, when urea is applied on the soil surface, the vine can use only a small amount of N. Thus, management strategies such as fertigation can increase N utilization by vine, reflecting in a greater photosynthetic activity and grape yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen supply methods and doses on photosynthetic activity and grape yield of 'Alicante Bouschet' grapevines cultivated in sandy soil. The experiment was carried out in Santana do Livramento, in the southern region of Brazil, in a vineyard planted in 2011. The cultivar was 'Alicante Bouschet' grafted on '1103 Paulsen'. The experimental design was of randomized blocks in a bifactorial arrangement (dose x method). The N source used was urea (45 % N). The 0, 20, 60 and 100 kg N·ha-1 doses were applied on the soil surface, without irrigation (NWI) and via fertigation (NF). Photosynthetic activity, N concentration in leaves and grape yield during two growing seasons were evaluated. The application of N doses in soil increased N concentration in grapevine leaves by up to 53 % in NF and 18 % in NWI methods but did not affect yield. Strong correlations between yield and water use efficiency were also observed, evidencing a certain synchronism between the physiological demand of the grapevine and the offer of the adequate N dose by a more efficient method.
绝大多数沙质土壤氮素利用率低，通常低于葡萄的生理需求，因此氮肥的施用，如尿素，是必要的。然而，当土壤表面施用尿素时，葡萄只能利用少量的氮，因此，施肥等管理策略可以提高葡萄对氮的利用，体现在更高的光合活性和葡萄产量上。本试验旨在研究不同施氮方式和施氮剂量对沙质土壤中“阿利坎特·布舍特”葡萄光合活性和产量的影响。该实验在巴西南部地区的桑塔纳做利夫拉曼托的一个2011年种植的葡萄园中进行。该品种是‘Alicante Bouschet’嫁接在‘1103 Paulsen’上。实验设计采用双因子随机分组(剂量x法)。施氮源为尿素(45% N)。0、20、60和100 kg N·ha-1分别施于土壤表面，不灌水(NWI)和经施肥(NF)。对两个生长季节的光合活性、叶片氮浓度和葡萄产量进行了评价。土壤施氮量使葡萄叶片氮浓度在NF法和NWI法分别提高53%和18%，但不影响产量。产量与水分利用效率之间也存在很强的相关性，这表明葡萄的生理需求与以更有效的方法提供充足的氮剂量之间存在一定的同步性。
{"title":"Photosynthetic activity and grape yield of 'Alicante Bouschet' (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines submitted to nitrogen supply methods and doses","authors":"L. Stefanello, R. Schwalbert, A. R. Marques, C. Tarouco, B. B. Vitto, A. V. Krug, J. P. D. Santos, B. P. Galarza, J. Zalamena, H. P. Santos, G. W. Melo, G. Brunetto","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.133-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.133-140","url":null,"abstract":"The great majority of sandy soils present low nitrogen availability, generally below vines physiological demand, and therefore nitrogen fertilizer application, such as urea, is necessary. However, when urea is applied on the soil surface, the vine can use only a small amount of N. Thus, management strategies such as fertigation can increase N utilization by vine, reflecting in a greater photosynthetic activity and grape yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen supply methods and doses on photosynthetic activity and grape yield of 'Alicante Bouschet' grapevines cultivated in sandy soil. The experiment was carried out in Santana do Livramento, in the southern region of Brazil, in a vineyard planted in 2011. The cultivar was 'Alicante Bouschet' grafted on '1103 Paulsen'. The experimental design was of randomized blocks in a bifactorial arrangement (dose x method). The N source used was urea (45 % N). The 0, 20, 60 and 100 kg N·ha-1 doses were applied on the soil surface, without irrigation (NWI) and via fertigation (NF). Photosynthetic activity, N concentration in leaves and grape yield during two growing seasons were evaluated. The application of N doses in soil increased N concentration in grapevine leaves by up to 53 % in NF and 18 % in NWI methods but did not affect yield. Strong correlations between yield and water use efficiency were also observed, evidencing a certain synchronism between the physiological demand of the grapevine and the offer of the adequate N dose by a more efficient method.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"133-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83541446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-07DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.91-92
S. Müllner, Franco Röckel, E. Maul, E. Zyprian
Introduction: The unfortunate introduction of the pathogens Erypsiphe necator (Schwein.) Burr. (Oidium, powdery mildew), Daktulosphaïra vitifoliae Fitch (Phylloxera) and Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & Curt.) Berl. & de Toni (downy mildew) to European viticulture during the 19th century caused West European grapevine breeders to seek for resistance traits. Initially, they investigated interspecific crosses between Vitis vinifera and American Vitis species like V. rupestris or V. riparia (Maul et al. 2019) in searching for resistant hybrids. In Eastern Europe, e.g. Serbia and Hungary, breeders used different genetic resources in their efforts to improve disease resistance. Especially the Asian species V. amurensis Rupr., the Amur grape, was a popular choice for interspecific crosses. Up to date, 71 different V. amurensis descendants and interspecific hybrids between V. amurensis and V. vinifera are reported (Maul et al. 2019). The Amur grape was preferred for breeding not only because of its valuable downy mildew resistance, but also due to its frost tolerance. V. amurensis is adapted to the cold climate of the East Asian region, ranging from Siberia via China to Japan (Wan et al. 2008, koleda 1975). Three different P. viticola resistance loci originating from V. amurensis germplasm (Rpv8, Rpv10, Rpv12) have recently been identified (BlaSi et al. 2011, SchWander 2012, Venuti et al. 2013). In eastern grapevine breeding the Rpv12-carrying genotype 28/19# (Hungary) was crossed and the hybrids were backcrossed with V. vinifera genotypes (koleda 1975, Venuti et al. 2013). A combination of several loci (stacking of loci) is desirable for sustainable maintenance of the resistance trait (Zini et al. 2019). The P. viticola resistance factor Rpv12 is therefore combined with Rpv10 and Rpv3 alleles (the latter from American sources) in grapevine breeding. To accelerate this process, the pedigree of Rpv12 resistance carriers was checked based on molecular (SSR) markers.
导读:不幸的引入了病原体埃及绦虫(施魏因)。毛刺。(Oidium，白粉病)，Daktulosphaïra vitifoliae Fitch (Phylloxera)和Plasmopara viticola (Berk。& Curt)。Berl。霜霉病在19世纪传入欧洲葡萄栽培，导致西欧葡萄育种者寻求抗霉特性。最初，他们研究了葡萄品种与美洲葡萄品种(如V. rupestris或V. riparia)之间的种间杂交(Maul et al. 2019)，以寻找抗性杂交品种。在东欧，例如塞尔维亚和匈牙利，育种者利用不同的遗传资源努力提高抗病能力。特别是亚洲品种紫斑莲。阿穆尔葡萄是种间杂交的普遍选择。迄今为止，已经报道了71种不同的amurensis后代以及amurensis和V. vinifera之间的种间杂交(Maul et al. 2019)。阿穆尔葡萄是首选的育种品种，不仅因为它具有宝贵的抗霜霉病能力，而且还因为它的耐寒性。金银花适应东亚地区的寒冷气候，从西伯利亚经中国到日本(Wan et al. 2008, koleda 1975)。最近已经鉴定出三种不同的葡萄假单胞菌抗性位点(Rpv8、Rpv10、Rpv12)，这些抗性位点来自于葡萄假单胞菌的种质资源(BlaSi et al. 2011, SchWander 2012, Venuti et al. 2013)。在东部葡萄育种中，将携带rpv12基因型28/19#(匈牙利)进行杂交，并将杂交种与葡萄球菌基因型回交(koleda 1975, Venuti et al. 2013)。多个基因座的组合(基因座的堆叠)对于持续维持抗性性状是理想的(Zini et al. 2019)。因此，在葡萄育种中，葡萄单抗因子Rpv12与Rpv10和Rpv3等位基因(后者来自美国)结合在一起。为了加快这一过程，利用分子标记对Rpv12抗性载体的家系进行了检测。
{"title":"'Kunbarat' and 'Kunleany' – full not half-siblings","authors":"S. Müllner, Franco Röckel, E. Maul, E. Zyprian","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.91-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.91-92","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The unfortunate introduction of the pathogens Erypsiphe necator (Schwein.) Burr. (Oidium, powdery mildew), Daktulosphaïra vitifoliae Fitch (Phylloxera) and Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & Curt.) Berl. & de Toni (downy mildew) to European viticulture during the 19th century caused West European grapevine breeders to seek for resistance traits. Initially, they investigated interspecific crosses between Vitis vinifera and American Vitis species like V. rupestris or V. riparia (Maul et al. 2019) in searching for resistant hybrids. In Eastern Europe, e.g. Serbia and Hungary, breeders used different genetic resources in their efforts to improve disease resistance. Especially the Asian species V. amurensis Rupr., the Amur grape, was a popular choice for interspecific crosses. Up to date, 71 different V. amurensis descendants and interspecific hybrids between V. amurensis and V. vinifera are reported (Maul et al. 2019). The Amur grape was preferred for breeding not only because of its valuable downy mildew resistance, but also due to its frost tolerance. V. amurensis is adapted to the cold climate of the East Asian region, ranging from Siberia via China to Japan (Wan et al. 2008, koleda 1975). Three different P. viticola resistance loci originating from V. amurensis germplasm (Rpv8, Rpv10, Rpv12) have recently been identified (BlaSi et al. 2011, SchWander 2012, Venuti et al. 2013). In eastern grapevine breeding the Rpv12-carrying genotype 28/19# (Hungary) was crossed and the hybrids were backcrossed with V. vinifera genotypes (koleda 1975, Venuti et al. 2013). A combination of several loci (stacking of loci) is desirable for sustainable maintenance of the resistance trait (Zini et al. 2019). The P. viticola resistance factor Rpv12 is therefore combined with Rpv10 and Rpv3 alleles (the latter from American sources) in grapevine breeding. To accelerate this process, the pedigree of Rpv12 resistance carriers was checked based on molecular (SSR) markers.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"91-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78139270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-07DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.63-69
M. Molnar, R. Voegele, M. Fischer
The anamorphic fungus Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch), related to Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) such as "Petri disease" and Esca, was originally restricted to the Mediterranean area but can now be found worldwide. GTDs are the most destructive diseases in vineyards causing high losses every year. As there are no effective fungicides available it is important to understand the epidemiology of this fungus. To investigate the occurrence and distribution of Pch in the field, spore traps were placed in two selected vineyards located at the Julius Kuhn-Institut (JKI) in Siebeldingen, Germany, for three consecutive years. Plots were planted with cultivars 'Chardonnay' and the fungus resistant cultivar 'Phoenix'. Analysis of the traps was performed by a specifically developed nested-PCR approach. As a result it was proven that Pch is present in the vineyards throughout the whole year, including wintertime. The occurrence of Pch conidia during the winter months is a central issue as the annual pruning of vines is done in the winter season and pruning wounds are supposed to be the main entry point for this pathogen. During the three year survey also symptom appearance, both chronic and apoplectic, on leaves as well as weather conditions have been recorded. Symptoms were evident in both vineyards; however, no clear correlation was obtained between symptoms and spore flight. High temperatures combined with low humidity may have a negative impact on spore dispersal, while cold temperatures such as in wintertime have no negative effect on the appearance of spores.
{"title":"Grapevine trunk disease in German viticulture IV. Spreading of spores of the Esca related fungus Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and the occurrence of foliar Esca-symptoms in German vineyards","authors":"M. Molnar, R. Voegele, M. Fischer","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.63-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.63-69","url":null,"abstract":"The anamorphic fungus Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch), related to Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) such as \"Petri disease\" and Esca, was originally restricted to the Mediterranean area but can now be found worldwide. GTDs are the most destructive diseases in vineyards causing high losses every year. As there are no effective fungicides available it is important to understand the epidemiology of this fungus. To investigate the occurrence and distribution of Pch in the field, spore traps were placed in two selected vineyards located at the Julius Kuhn-Institut (JKI) in Siebeldingen, Germany, for three consecutive years. Plots were planted with cultivars 'Chardonnay' and the fungus resistant cultivar 'Phoenix'. Analysis of the traps was performed by a specifically developed nested-PCR approach. As a result it was proven that Pch is present in the vineyards throughout the whole year, including wintertime. The occurrence of Pch conidia during the winter months is a central issue as the annual pruning of vines is done in the winter season and pruning wounds are supposed to be the main entry point for this pathogen. During the three year survey also symptom appearance, both chronic and apoplectic, on leaves as well as weather conditions have been recorded. Symptoms were evident in both vineyards; however, no clear correlation was obtained between symptoms and spore flight. High temperatures combined with low humidity may have a negative impact on spore dispersal, while cold temperatures such as in wintertime have no negative effect on the appearance of spores.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"63-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76117384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-07DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.85-89
A. Gallmetzer, G. Innerebner, C. Roschatt, Y. Reyes-Domínguez
In South Tyrol the population of Scaphoideus titanus, the vector of Grapevine Flavescence doree phytoplasma (FD), has been steadily increasing since 2010. The present work provides an overview of the monitoring activity of Scaphoideus titanus in South Tyrolean vineyards coupled with the description of a sensitive and reliable detection method of FD in the insect vector. We have developed an endogenous control of Scaphoideus titanus to be used in a multiplex real-time PCR, amplifying the map gene of FD phytoplasma. We present evidence on the performance of this new vector reference and its compatibility with FD detection.
{"title":"Dynamics of Scaphoideus titanus population in southern South Tyrol (Italy) and detection of Grapevine Flavescence Dorée phytoplasma in the insect with a multiplex real-time PCR","authors":"A. Gallmetzer, G. Innerebner, C. Roschatt, Y. Reyes-Domínguez","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.85-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.85-89","url":null,"abstract":"In South Tyrol the population of Scaphoideus titanus, the vector of Grapevine Flavescence doree phytoplasma (FD), has been steadily increasing since 2010. The present work provides an overview of the monitoring activity of Scaphoideus titanus in South Tyrolean vineyards coupled with the description of a sensitive and reliable detection method of FD in the insect vector. We have developed an endogenous control of Scaphoideus titanus to be used in a multiplex real-time PCR, amplifying the map gene of FD phytoplasma. We present evidence on the performance of this new vector reference and its compatibility with FD detection.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"85-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75452440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-07DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.71-76
Y. Pushpavathi, J. Satisha, K. Shivashankara, G. Satisha, S. Sriram, M. Reddy
Influence of different sources of potassium and their method of application was studied on incidence of downy mildew infection in grape leaves of 'Sharad Seedless' (syn: 'Kishmish Chorni'). The total phenolic content and individual phenolic acids were analysed from healthy and downy mildew infected leaves of 'Sharad Seedless' and the degree of downy mildew infection was well correlated with potassium content in the petioles. Different sources and method of potassium application had significant effect on Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity and preformed phenols in healthy vines. Significant increase in PAL enzyme activity, total phenols and individual phenolic acids was registered with increase in disease severity. Magnitude of percent change in PAL enzyme activity and total phenolic content was highest in vines with maximum disease infection. Among the phenolic acids, o-Coumaric acid, p-Coumaric acid have a definite role in disease resistance. We could also observe the variation in disease severity in vines which received different sources of potassium which was supplied in different quantities whether through soil and/or through fertigation.
{"title":"Potassium fertilization in relation to downy mildew disease incidence in grape leaves","authors":"Y. Pushpavathi, J. Satisha, K. Shivashankara, G. Satisha, S. Sriram, M. Reddy","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.71-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.71-76","url":null,"abstract":"Influence of different sources of potassium and their method of application was studied on incidence of downy mildew infection in grape leaves of 'Sharad Seedless' (syn: 'Kishmish Chorni'). The total phenolic content and individual phenolic acids were analysed from healthy and downy mildew infected leaves of 'Sharad Seedless' and the degree of downy mildew infection was well correlated with potassium content in the petioles. Different sources and method of potassium application had significant effect on Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity and preformed phenols in healthy vines. Significant increase in PAL enzyme activity, total phenols and individual phenolic acids was registered with increase in disease severity. Magnitude of percent change in PAL enzyme activity and total phenolic content was highest in vines with maximum disease infection. Among the phenolic acids, o-Coumaric acid, p-Coumaric acid have a definite role in disease resistance. We could also observe the variation in disease severity in vines which received different sources of potassium which was supplied in different quantities whether through soil and/or through fertigation.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84112315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-07DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.77-83
V. Dumas, N. Saurin, A. Destrac-Irvine, S. Dedet, M. Veyret, C. Marchal, H. Ojeda, C. Leeuwen, É. Duchêne
Currently, for monitoring the ripening of grape berries, different devices are used to produce the juices to be analysed. Crushing the berries is a key step that determines the quantity of juice extracted and may impact it composition. The effect of different devices on analytical parameters of the musts produced were compared in this study. Samples from four grape varieties ('Cabernet-Sauvignon', 'Ekigaina', 'Marselan' and 'Vermentino'), showing a variability of berry size and precocity, were crushed using six different devices (ASieves, Bag mixer®, Crusher, Manual, TPress and Blender). Whatever the pressing equipment, sugar concentrations of the must were not modified by the extraction method, unlike other parameters. pH and titratable acidity were slightly impacted by the crushing method without changing the ranking of the varieties. However, potassium concentrations were more impacted by the pressing method. Differences in mechanical forces applied to skins and seeds according to the pressing equipment used may release more or less potassium. This study clearly discarded a complete grinding of the samples for grape ripening monitoring: this method strongly modified the potassium content and, consequently, the pH and the titratable acidity of the musts.
{"title":"Influence of grape juice extraction methods on basic analytical parameters","authors":"V. Dumas, N. Saurin, A. Destrac-Irvine, S. Dedet, M. Veyret, C. Marchal, H. Ojeda, C. Leeuwen, É. Duchêne","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.77-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.77-83","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, for monitoring the ripening of grape berries, different devices are used to produce the juices to be analysed. Crushing the berries is a key step that determines the quantity of juice extracted and may impact it composition. The effect of different devices on analytical parameters of the musts produced were compared in this study. Samples from four grape varieties ('Cabernet-Sauvignon', 'Ekigaina', 'Marselan' and 'Vermentino'), showing a variability of berry size and precocity, were crushed using six different devices (ASieves, Bag mixer®, Crusher, Manual, TPress and Blender). Whatever the pressing equipment, sugar concentrations of the must were not modified by the extraction method, unlike other parameters. pH and titratable acidity were slightly impacted by the crushing method without changing the ranking of the varieties. However, potassium concentrations were more impacted by the pressing method. Differences in mechanical forces applied to skins and seeds according to the pressing equipment used may release more or less potassium. This study clearly discarded a complete grinding of the samples for grape ripening monitoring: this method strongly modified the potassium content and, consequently, the pH and the titratable acidity of the musts.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89527582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-07DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.49-52
C. Linder, J. Rösti, F. Lorenzini, Pascale Deneulin, R. Badertscher, P. Kehrli
Drosophila suzukii is a very polyphagous species that can also tack and develop in a great variety of grape cultivars. In Switzerland, the control of D. suzukii mainly relies on prophylactic measures and kaolin, a white inert aluminosilicate mineral who's particles stick to the leaf surface and form a physical barrier that help to reduce ovipositions by the pest. Here we present a synthesis of our recent insights on the efficacy of kaolin against D. suzukii as well as on the chemical and sensory properties of the wines vinified from kaolin treated grapes. In autumn 2016, kaolin (Surround WP®) was applied in 23 field trials on various cultivars located in various winegrowing regions of Switzerland. Overall, kaolin achieved an average efficiency of 54 % and no significant differences could be observed between kaolin applications at 1 % and 2 % with 56.8 % and 57.1 % efficacy, respectively. At the higher concentration, the preventive and curative strategy were also nearly as effective with efficacies at 67.4 % and 50.3 %, respectively. In addition, a field experiment was set up on the red grape cultivar 'Mara' in 2015. This experiment revealed that three applications of kaolin at 1 % or 2 % did neither affect fermentation nor the usual chemical properties of kaolin treated wines compared to the untreated control. However, aluminum concentration within wines increased with the applied dosage of kaolin but the measured aluminum levels were 38-times lower than the maximal German threshold of 8 mg·L-1. Moreover, tasters were also not able to distinguish the aroma and the taste of wines processed from kaolin treated grapes from the untreated control. We therefore conclude that kaolin applications are effective against D. suzukii and do not cause any major risks to the environment, to wine quality and to human health.
{"title":"Efficacy of kaolin treatments against Drosophila suzukii and their impact on the composition and taste of processed wines","authors":"C. Linder, J. Rösti, F. Lorenzini, Pascale Deneulin, R. Badertscher, P. Kehrli","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.49-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2020.59.49-52","url":null,"abstract":"Drosophila suzukii is a very polyphagous species that can also tack and develop in a great variety of grape cultivars. In Switzerland, the control of D. suzukii mainly relies on prophylactic measures and kaolin, a white inert aluminosilicate mineral who's particles stick to the leaf surface and form a physical barrier that help to reduce ovipositions by the pest. Here we present a synthesis of our recent insights on the efficacy of kaolin against D. suzukii as well as on the chemical and sensory properties of the wines vinified from kaolin treated grapes. In autumn 2016, kaolin (Surround WP®) was applied in 23 field trials on various cultivars located in various winegrowing regions of Switzerland. Overall, kaolin achieved an average efficiency of 54 % and no significant differences could be observed between kaolin applications at 1 % and 2 % with 56.8 % and 57.1 % efficacy, respectively. At the higher concentration, the preventive and curative strategy were also nearly as effective with efficacies at 67.4 % and 50.3 %, respectively. In addition, a field experiment was set up on the red grape cultivar 'Mara' in 2015. This experiment revealed that three applications of kaolin at 1 % or 2 % did neither affect fermentation nor the usual chemical properties of kaolin treated wines compared to the untreated control. However, aluminum concentration within wines increased with the applied dosage of kaolin but the measured aluminum levels were 38-times lower than the maximal German threshold of 8 mg·L-1. Moreover, tasters were also not able to distinguish the aroma and the taste of wines processed from kaolin treated grapes from the untreated control. We therefore conclude that kaolin applications are effective against D. suzukii and do not cause any major risks to the environment, to wine quality and to human health.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"49-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72958072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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