Pub Date : 2019-12-13DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.SPECIAL-ISSUE.119-125
E. Franco, E. Herrero, R. López, A. Pavón, J. Usón
The VALOVITIS project aims at improving the competitiveness of the wineries in the Pyrenean piedmont area through innovation and differentiation in a global market. During two consecutive harvests (2016-17), VALOVITIS monitored and characterised the agronomic behaviour of 20 grape varieties in the vineyards of the Germplasm Bank of the Government of Aragon in La Alfranca, Pastriz (Zaragoza). This work also assessed the technological and sensory properties of the wines produced following a basic winemaking protocol. Some of the varieties selected in this project, like the white variety 'Greta' and the red variety 'Parrel', showed a high potential to adapt to arid climates and to produce wines with a singular organoleptic profile.
{"title":"VALOVITIS, the value of minority or endangered vine varieties in the Pyrenean foothills","authors":"E. Franco, E. Herrero, R. López, A. Pavón, J. Usón","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.SPECIAL-ISSUE.119-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.SPECIAL-ISSUE.119-125","url":null,"abstract":"The VALOVITIS project aims at improving the competitiveness of the wineries in the Pyrenean piedmont area through innovation and differentiation in a global market. During two consecutive harvests (2016-17), VALOVITIS monitored and characterised the agronomic behaviour of 20 grape varieties in the vineyards of the Germplasm Bank of the Government of Aragon in La Alfranca, Pastriz (Zaragoza). This work also assessed the technological and sensory properties of the wines produced following a basic winemaking protocol. Some of the varieties selected in this project, like the white variety 'Greta' and the red variety 'Parrel', showed a high potential to adapt to arid climates and to produce wines with a singular organoleptic profile.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"119-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90179491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-13DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.SPECIAL-ISSUE.111-118
D. Marín, R. García, J. Eraso, J. Urrestarazu, C. Miranda, J. Royo, F. J. Abad, L. G. Santesteban
Beyond pest resistance, rootstocks significantly influence the performance of grapevine varieties. However, the effect of the rootstock is strongly affected by its interaction with the environment, and it is therefore necessary to evaluate their influence in a particular terroir. With the aim of evaluating the influence of 12 rootstocks on the agronomic performance of 'Syrah' and 'Tempranillo', a trial was established in 2011 and 2012 in Miranda de Arga (Navarra, Spain), under the typical environmental conditions of the Ebro Valley. Growth and yield, as well as industrial and phenolic maturity parameters were analysed during four consecutive seasons (2015-2018). Most rootstocks showed a similar performance with both varieties, not always following the trends reported in bibliography, which highlights the relevance of studying rootstocks in different conditions. 3309 C was the rootstock conferring the highest vigour, whereas the lowest were provided by 420 A MGt and 'Fercal'. The implications on grape composition were much more diverse, and were partially conditioned by yield. Results were obtained during the four first harvests of the vineyard, and could therefore change to some extent as the vineyard reaches stability.
除了抗虫害外，砧木对葡萄品种的性能也有显著影响。然而，砧木的效果受其与环境的相互作用的强烈影响，因此有必要评估它们在特定风土中的影响。为了评估12种砧木对“西拉”和“丹pranillo”农艺性能的影响，2011年和2012年在西班牙纳瓦拉的Miranda de Arga进行了一项试验，试验条件是埃布罗河谷的典型环境条件。在连续四个季节(2015-2018年)对生长和产量以及工业和酚成熟度参数进行了分析。大多数砧木在两个品种中表现出相似的表现，并不总是遵循参考文献中报道的趋势，这突出了研究不同条件下砧木的相关性。3309 C的活力最高，而420 A MGt和‘Fercal’的活力最低。对葡萄成分的影响更加多样化，部分是由产量决定的。结果是在葡萄园的前四次收获期间获得的，因此随着葡萄园的稳定，可能会在一定程度上发生变化。
{"title":"Evaluation of the agronomic performance of 'Syrah' and 'Tempranillo' when grafted on 12 rootstocks","authors":"D. Marín, R. García, J. Eraso, J. Urrestarazu, C. Miranda, J. Royo, F. J. Abad, L. G. Santesteban","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.SPECIAL-ISSUE.111-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.SPECIAL-ISSUE.111-118","url":null,"abstract":"Beyond pest resistance, rootstocks significantly influence the performance of grapevine varieties. However, the effect of the rootstock is strongly affected by its interaction with the environment, and it is therefore necessary to evaluate their influence in a particular terroir. With the aim of evaluating the influence of 12 rootstocks on the agronomic performance of 'Syrah' and 'Tempranillo', a trial was established in 2011 and 2012 in Miranda de Arga (Navarra, Spain), under the typical environmental conditions of the Ebro Valley. Growth and yield, as well as industrial and phenolic maturity parameters were analysed during four consecutive seasons (2015-2018). Most rootstocks showed a similar performance with both varieties, not always following the trends reported in bibliography, which highlights the relevance of studying rootstocks in different conditions. 3309 C was the rootstock conferring the highest vigour, whereas the lowest were provided by 420 A MGt and 'Fercal'. The implications on grape composition were much more diverse, and were partially conditioned by yield. Results were obtained during the four first harvests of the vineyard, and could therefore change to some extent as the vineyard reaches stability.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"111-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75017286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-13DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.SPECIAL-ISSUE.3-12
E. Pérez-Álvarez, J. M. Martínez-Vidaurre, E. García-Escudero, T. Garde-Cerdán
Amino acids are the main grape nitrogen compounds and the principal source of N for yeasts, being precursors of several volatile compounds. Therefore, N compound concentrations in musts can affect sensorial characteristics of wines. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of N-NO3- and N-NH4+ contents from different soils on profile and content of amino acids in 'Tempranillo' grapes. In order to determine this soil influence on must quality, three plots were selected in AOC Rioja, classified as Fluventic Haploxerepts, Typic Calcixerepts, and Petrocalcic Palexerolls. The results showed that amino acids and yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) content allowed us to differentiate samples from the three soils, and in each soil type, samples of each season. In general, must contents of total amino acids and some of them, as alanine, threonine, and tyrosine, were more influenced by soil type; YAN, proline, histidine, serine, and glycine concentrations mainly depended on the interaction soil-vintage. In conclusion, free amino acids concentration could be a tool to differentiate musts coming from different soils.
{"title":"Amino acids content in 'Tempranillo' must from three soil types over four vintages","authors":"E. Pérez-Álvarez, J. M. Martínez-Vidaurre, E. García-Escudero, T. Garde-Cerdán","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.SPECIAL-ISSUE.3-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.SPECIAL-ISSUE.3-12","url":null,"abstract":"Amino acids are the main grape nitrogen compounds and the principal source of N for yeasts, being precursors of several volatile compounds. Therefore, N compound concentrations in musts can affect sensorial characteristics of wines. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of N-NO3- and N-NH4+ contents from different soils on profile and content of amino acids in 'Tempranillo' grapes. In order to determine this soil influence on must quality, three plots were selected in AOC Rioja, classified as Fluventic Haploxerepts, Typic Calcixerepts, and Petrocalcic Palexerolls. The results showed that amino acids and yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) content allowed us to differentiate samples from the three soils, and in each soil type, samples of each season. In general, must contents of total amino acids and some of them, as alanine, threonine, and tyrosine, were more influenced by soil type; YAN, proline, histidine, serine, and glycine concentrations mainly depended on the interaction soil-vintage. In conclusion, free amino acids concentration could be a tool to differentiate musts coming from different soils.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"3-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78881573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-13DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.SPECIAL-ISSUE.69-75
Maria Kyraleou, E. Gkanidi, S. Koundouras, S. Kallithraka
Tannins are located in skins and seeds and are responsible for important sensory and quality attributes of red grapes and wines, such as astringency, bitterness and colour stability. However, little is known regarding Greek Vitis vinifera varieties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the grape phenolic content and to present data that may contribute to the development of suitable winemaking techniques for these varieties. In this study berry attributes, skin and seed content of tannins and antioxidant capacity from five Greek Vitis vinifera varieties, namely 'Mavrotragano', 'Mandilaria', 'Kotsifali', 'Agiorgitiko' and 'Xinomavro' were analyzed. Significant differences were observed in berry weight and the distribution of berry component mass in mature berries, among the different varieties. 'Mandilaria' and 'Kotsifali' had the heavier berries while the higher contribution of skins and seeds in berry was observed in 'Agiorgitiko' and 'Mavrotragano' grapes respectively. According to the results, the higher content of seed tannins in berries was determined in 'Mandilaria' and the lower in 'Kotsifali'. Finally, varieties with high concentrations of tannins, 'Mandilaria' and 'Mavrotragano', also demonstrated significant high values of antioxidant capacity.
{"title":"Tannin content and antioxidant capacity of five Greek red grape varieties","authors":"Maria Kyraleou, E. Gkanidi, S. Koundouras, S. Kallithraka","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.SPECIAL-ISSUE.69-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.SPECIAL-ISSUE.69-75","url":null,"abstract":"Tannins are located in skins and seeds and are responsible for important sensory and quality attributes of red grapes and wines, such as astringency, bitterness and colour stability. However, little is known regarding Greek Vitis vinifera varieties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the grape phenolic content and to present data that may contribute to the development of suitable winemaking techniques for these varieties. In this study berry attributes, skin and seed content of tannins and antioxidant capacity from five Greek Vitis vinifera varieties, namely 'Mavrotragano', 'Mandilaria', 'Kotsifali', 'Agiorgitiko' and 'Xinomavro' were analyzed. Significant differences were observed in berry weight and the distribution of berry component mass in mature berries, among the different varieties. 'Mandilaria' and 'Kotsifali' had the heavier berries while the higher contribution of skins and seeds in berry was observed in 'Agiorgitiko' and 'Mavrotragano' grapes respectively. According to the results, the higher content of seed tannins in berries was determined in 'Mandilaria' and the lower in 'Kotsifali'. Finally, varieties with high concentrations of tannins, 'Mandilaria' and 'Mavrotragano', also demonstrated significant high values of antioxidant capacity.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84917848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-13DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.SPECIAL-ISSUE.49-58
E. González-Fernández, A. Piña-Rey, M. Fernández-González, F. J. Rodríguez-Rajo
An integrated powdery mildew management strategy to identify the principal moments of secondary Erysiphe necator conidia dispersal in a vineyard based on aerobiological, phenological and meteorological data was developed. An adaptation of the physiological P-days model was conducted to obtain a descriptive equation for the prediction of the advantageous meteorological conditions for Erysiphe necator conidia dispersal in the vineyards of the Ribeiro Designation of Origin area. Moreover, a regression model was developed to predict the conidia concentration as a function of the weather and aerobiological variables with the highest influence on airborne E. necator spores. Additionally, phenological observations were conducted during the vegetative cycle of Vitis vinifera, with the aim to identify the most susceptible phenological stages to powdery mildew infection by relating them with the detected atmospheric spore concentrations. The study was carried out from 2008 to 2018 in an experimental vineyard. The E. necator spores were trapped using a Lanzoni VPPS-2000 sampler and the phenological observations were conducted following the BBCH standardized scale. The highest total fungal spore amount per season in the atmosphere of the vineyard was detected in 2013 with 4828 spores m-3, while the lowest amount was recorded in 2009 with 883 spores m-3. In general, the highest daily airborne spore concentrations were detected during the Flowering (stage 6) or in the previous and next stages, whereas the maximum total spore amount by stage was recorded during Development of Fruits (stage 7). The proposed threshold of P-days for potential secondary infections in the Ribeiro D.O. ranges from 120 to 160 P-days. The combination of aerobiological, phenological and meteorological data provides us a useful tool for the knowledge of the Erysiphe necator conidia dispersal behaviour bringing agricultural practices closer to a sustainable system.
{"title":"Effect of environmental conditions and phenology in the dispersal of secondary Erysiphe necator conidia in a vineyard","authors":"E. González-Fernández, A. Piña-Rey, M. Fernández-González, F. J. Rodríguez-Rajo","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.SPECIAL-ISSUE.49-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.SPECIAL-ISSUE.49-58","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated powdery mildew management strategy to identify the principal moments of secondary Erysiphe necator conidia dispersal in a vineyard based on aerobiological, phenological and meteorological data was developed. An adaptation of the physiological P-days model was conducted to obtain a descriptive equation for the prediction of the advantageous meteorological conditions for Erysiphe necator conidia dispersal in the vineyards of the Ribeiro Designation of Origin area. Moreover, a regression model was developed to predict the conidia concentration as a function of the weather and aerobiological variables with the highest influence on airborne E. necator spores. Additionally, phenological observations were conducted during the vegetative cycle of Vitis vinifera, with the aim to identify the most susceptible phenological stages to powdery mildew infection by relating them with the detected atmospheric spore concentrations. The study was carried out from 2008 to 2018 in an experimental vineyard. The E. necator spores were trapped using a Lanzoni VPPS-2000 sampler and the phenological observations were conducted following the BBCH standardized scale. The highest total fungal spore amount per season in the atmosphere of the vineyard was detected in 2013 with 4828 spores m-3, while the lowest amount was recorded in 2009 with 883 spores m-3. In general, the highest daily airborne spore concentrations were detected during the Flowering (stage 6) or in the previous and next stages, whereas the maximum total spore amount by stage was recorded during Development of Fruits (stage 7). The proposed threshold of P-days for potential secondary infections in the Ribeiro D.O. ranges from 120 to 160 P-days. The combination of aerobiological, phenological and meteorological data provides us a useful tool for the knowledge of the Erysiphe necator conidia dispersal behaviour bringing agricultural practices closer to a sustainable system.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85467884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-29DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.141-149
M. Fischer
Three rootstock mother blocks, planted with cultivars SO4 (planted 2004), 125AA (2005) and 5BB (2005), and located in southwestern Germany were examined for the existence of grapevine trunk disease (GTD) pathogens and related internal and external symptoms between 2011 and 2017. Frequency of leaf symptoms ranged from 0.2 % in six-year old blocks to appr. 1.5 % in 12-year-old blocks. While the typical "tiger stripe pattern" was less common, the majority of affected leaves was characterized by irregularly arranged necrotic spots spread over the leaf surface. Irrespective of leaf symptoms, in cross sections of 9-12 year old vines all sampled trunks (n ≥ 20 for each block) showed the typical GTD symptoms in the wood, with symptoms prevalent in the trunk head compared to the middle section and the basis of trunks. Pathogens were isolated from all trunks, with Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fmed), Cadophora luteo-olivacea (Clo), Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch), Eutypa lata (Elata), and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (Pal) being the most common. Other GTD species included Cadophora cf. novi-eboraci (new for German viticulture), Diaporthe eres, D. nobilis (new for German viticulture), D. rudis (new for German viticulture), Eutypa laevata (new for German viticiculture), Ilyonectria europaea, I. liriodendri, and Pestalotiopsis sp. The significance of the once found Sarocladium strictum remains unclear. GTD species were revealed from all sampled trunk parts, with maximum diversity and overall frequency in the trunk head. Further species, not related to GTDs, existed in all parts of the trunk. GTD pathogens were also demonstrated for all shoots (two shoots each of ten vines SO4, 125AA and 5BB, with five vines each externally symptomatic and non-symptomatic), but mostly could be detected by molecular means only. Clo, Pch, and Pal were the predominant species in shoots; further GTD species were Ilyonectria europaea, I. liriodendri, and Phaeoacremonium angustius.
{"title":"Grapevine trunk diseases in German viticulture. III. Biodiversity and spatial distribution of fungal pathogens in rootstock mother plants and possible relation to leaf symptoms","authors":"M. Fischer","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.141-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.141-149","url":null,"abstract":"Three rootstock mother blocks, planted with cultivars SO4 (planted 2004), 125AA (2005) and 5BB (2005), and located in southwestern Germany were examined for the existence of grapevine trunk disease (GTD) pathogens and related internal and external symptoms between 2011 and 2017. Frequency of leaf symptoms ranged from 0.2 % in six-year old blocks to appr. 1.5 % in 12-year-old blocks. While the typical \"tiger stripe pattern\" was less common, the majority of affected leaves was characterized by irregularly arranged necrotic spots spread over the leaf surface. Irrespective of leaf symptoms, in cross sections of 9-12 year old vines all sampled trunks (n ≥ 20 for each block) showed the typical GTD symptoms in the wood, with symptoms prevalent in the trunk head compared to the middle section and the basis of trunks. Pathogens were isolated from all trunks, with Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fmed), Cadophora luteo-olivacea (Clo), Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch), Eutypa lata (Elata), and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (Pal) being the most common. Other GTD species included Cadophora cf. novi-eboraci (new for German viticulture), Diaporthe eres, D. nobilis (new for German viticulture), D. rudis (new for German viticulture), Eutypa laevata (new for German viticiculture), Ilyonectria europaea, I. liriodendri, and Pestalotiopsis sp. The significance of the once found Sarocladium strictum remains unclear. GTD species were revealed from all sampled trunk parts, with maximum diversity and overall frequency in the trunk head. Further species, not related to GTDs, existed in all parts of the trunk. GTD pathogens were also demonstrated for all shoots (two shoots each of ten vines SO4, 125AA and 5BB, with five vines each externally symptomatic and non-symptomatic), but mostly could be detected by molecular means only. Clo, Pch, and Pal were the predominant species in shoots; further GTD species were Ilyonectria europaea, I. liriodendri, and Phaeoacremonium angustius.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"os-39 1","pages":"141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87226072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-29DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.159-169
V. D. Galdo, A. C. Correia, A. Jordão, J. Ricardo-da-Silva
Today, there is a restricted knowledge about the potential impact of the use of different wood chip species on the white wine aging process. This lack of knowledge is even greater when wood species are used in blends of different species. Thus, the aim was to carry out a comparative analysis of the impact of different blends of wood chip species, involving oak and cherry wood, on different phenolic and color parameters, browning potential index and sensory profile of a white wine during the aging process. During the aging time studied, the use of wood chips induced an increase of wine phenolic content and color intensity, particularly in wines aged in contact with cherry wood chips alone or in blends with oak wood chips. A similar tendency was also detected for browning potential index. Regarding the sensorial results, the use of different wood chip species has an impact on the increase of "woody aroma" for the wines aged with oak wood chip species and also an increase of "body" and "astringency" descriptors for the wines aged with oak chips alone or blended with cherry chips. This work advances our understanding of the impact of different wood chip species separately or by the use of blends on white wine quality.
{"title":"Blends of wood chips from oak and cherry: impact on the general phenolic parameters and sensory profile of a white wine during the aging process","authors":"V. D. Galdo, A. C. Correia, A. Jordão, J. Ricardo-da-Silva","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.159-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.159-169","url":null,"abstract":"Today, there is a restricted knowledge about the potential impact of the use of different wood chip species on the white wine aging process. This lack of knowledge is even greater when wood species are used in blends of different species. Thus, the aim was to carry out a comparative analysis of the impact of different blends of wood chip species, involving oak and cherry wood, on different phenolic and color parameters, browning potential index and sensory profile of a white wine during the aging process. During the aging time studied, the use of wood chips induced an increase of wine phenolic content and color intensity, particularly in wines aged in contact with cherry wood chips alone or in blends with oak wood chips. A similar tendency was also detected for browning potential index. Regarding the sensorial results, the use of different wood chip species has an impact on the increase of \"woody aroma\" for the wines aged with oak wood chip species and also an increase of \"body\" and \"astringency\" descriptors for the wines aged with oak chips alone or blended with cherry chips. This work advances our understanding of the impact of different wood chip species separately or by the use of blends on white wine quality.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"159-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87235926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-29DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.123-130
M. H. Rahman, M. Hanif, K. Shah, B. Ahmad, Xiping Wang
Berries of 41 Vitis genotypes were evaluated for resistance to B. cinerea. Evaluation revealed that four genotypes were highly resistant (HR), eight resistant (R), eighteen susceptible (S) and eleven highly susceptible (HS). We further evaluated HR genotype 'Dong fang zhi xing' and HS genotype 'Gold finger' by comparing the fungal growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses, jasmonic acid (JA) levels, anti-oxidants, e.g., Peroxidase (POD), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Malondialhydrate (MDA) content changes after infection with B. cinerea. Our results confirmed that the elevated resistance of 'Dong fang zhi xing' was due to weak fungal development, low ROS production, timely elevation of anti-oxidative functions, and high JA levels. Moreover, HS 'Gold finger' infection was severe and sustained ROS production which may be due to its relatively unchanged anti-oxidative activities and low JA level. Our results could help grape breeders to select suitable germplasm for future research work.
{"title":"In vitro evaluation of berries of various Vitis genotypes for disease resistance to Botrytis cinerea","authors":"M. H. Rahman, M. Hanif, K. Shah, B. Ahmad, Xiping Wang","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.123-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.123-130","url":null,"abstract":"Berries of 41 Vitis genotypes were evaluated for resistance to B. cinerea. Evaluation revealed that four genotypes were highly resistant (HR), eight resistant (R), eighteen susceptible (S) and eleven highly susceptible (HS). We further evaluated HR genotype 'Dong fang zhi xing' and HS genotype 'Gold finger' by comparing the fungal growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses, jasmonic acid (JA) levels, anti-oxidants, e.g., Peroxidase (POD), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Malondialhydrate (MDA) content changes after infection with B. cinerea. Our results confirmed that the elevated resistance of 'Dong fang zhi xing' was due to weak fungal development, low ROS production, timely elevation of anti-oxidative functions, and high JA levels. Moreover, HS 'Gold finger' infection was severe and sustained ROS production which may be due to its relatively unchanged anti-oxidative activities and low JA level. Our results could help grape breeders to select suitable germplasm for future research work.","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"70 1","pages":"123-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90766547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-29DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.131-139
F. Toda, M. C. Ramos
The objective of this research was to analyse the variability on phenology and berry composition of 'Tempranillo' among different elevations and different climatic conditions. The study was conducted on 'Tempranillo' vineyards located in Rioja DOCa at elevations between 367 and 650 m a.s.l. Phenology and the evolution of berry composition during ripening, related to pH, total acidity, malic acid, total anthocyanins, total polyphenols index, colour intensity and sugar content were analysed for the period 2008-2018 at each elevation. The weather conditions recorded during the period of study were evaluated. The results indicate that, on average, differences between the analysed elevations of up to 21 days existed in the dates in which the maturity was reached, being the differences higher in the years with extreme conditions (very wet or dry and very hot or cool). The comparative analysis among elevations and in years with differences in temperature and in precipitation allowed knowing the differences in the vine response under different climatic conditions. From this analysis some conclusions may be extracted that may be useful for police makers to define new planting areas in which less imbalanced situations may occur under warm conditions.
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Pub Date : 2019-10-29DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.151-152
A. Perko, A. Ivančič, S. Vršič
Introduction: The Vitis seeds generally have very low germination rates unless endodormancy has been overcome (ellis et al. 1983). Seed dormancy in grape is often attributed to a thick and tough seed coat that can be a mechanical barrier to germination (Conner 2008). In general, seed dormancy removal is achieved by cold stratification of seeds in a period of 3 to 4 months, although in many V. vinifera L. cultivars, this treatment results in only modest germination percentages (selim et al. 1981, ellis et. al. 1983). Other reasons for poor germination can be incomplete physiological maturity (not fully developed endosperm and embryo, when seeds are harvested too early), inappropriate germination technique and/or unfavourable weather conditions during vegetation. The rate and dynamics of seed germination varies considerably depending on the species. The germination rates of V. vinifera and V. labrusca L. are generally lower than 30 %, whereas the germination rates of V. rupestris Scheele, V. riparia Michx. and V. acerifolia Raf. are ranging from 40 % to almost 100 % (rombough 2002).
简介:葡萄种子通常发芽率很低，除非克服了内休眠(ellis et al. 1983)。葡萄的种子休眠通常归因于厚而坚韧的种皮，它可以成为发芽的机械屏障(Conner 2008)。一般来说，通过在3至4个月的时间内对种子进行冷分层来消除种子休眠，尽管在许多葡萄品种中，这种处理只能产生适度的发芽率(selim et al. 1981, ellis et al. 1983)。发芽差的其他原因可能是生理成熟不完全(胚乳和胚胎未完全发育，当种子收获过早时)，不适当的发芽技术和/或植被期不利的天气条件。种子萌发的速率和动态因物种而异。葡萄芽孢霉和labrusca L.的发芽率普遍低于30%，而紫芽孢霉、riparia Michx.的发芽率普遍低于30%。和荆芥。从40%到几乎100%不等(2002年)。
{"title":"Testing different methods of grape seed germination","authors":"A. Perko, A. Ivančič, S. Vršič","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.151-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2019.58.151-152","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Vitis seeds generally have very low germination rates unless endodormancy has been overcome (ellis et al. 1983). Seed dormancy in grape is often attributed to a thick and tough seed coat that can be a mechanical barrier to germination (Conner 2008). In general, seed dormancy removal is achieved by cold stratification of seeds in a period of 3 to 4 months, although in many V. vinifera L. cultivars, this treatment results in only modest germination percentages (selim et al. 1981, ellis et. al. 1983). Other reasons for poor germination can be incomplete physiological maturity (not fully developed endosperm and embryo, when seeds are harvested too early), inappropriate germination technique and/or unfavourable weather conditions during vegetation. The rate and dynamics of seed germination varies considerably depending on the species. The germination rates of V. vinifera and V. labrusca L. are generally lower than 30 %, whereas the germination rates of V. rupestris Scheele, V. riparia Michx. and V. acerifolia Raf. are ranging from 40 % to almost 100 % (rombough 2002).","PeriodicalId":23613,"journal":{"name":"Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"151-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74234424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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