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Development of reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification assay for visual detection of Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) 逆转录环介导等温扩增目测葡萄斑疹病毒(GFkV)方法的建立
Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2018.57.125-128
M. Almasi
Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) produces a ubiquitous disease, latent in grapevine causing simple or complex infections with other more dangerous viruses. The aim of the present study is to detect GFkV through application of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay; its efficiency has been contrasted with other procedures such as Double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) and RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The coat protein (CP) gene of the virus is basically used for designing the primers. Using hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) Dye, RT-LAMP was placed in a water bath after the optimization was done. In order to detect GFkV easily and rapidly, a new immunocapture (IC)-RT-LAMP assay was developed as well; it was further compared with other assays. The results show RT-LAMP is an advantageous method because it is highly sensitive, quite cheap, user-friendly, and safe; in addition, it is performed quickly by visual detection and does not require RNA extraction (in IC-RT-LAMP).
葡萄斑疹病毒(GFkV)产生一种普遍存在的疾病,潜伏在葡萄中,引起与其他更危险的病毒的简单或复杂感染。本研究的目的是通过应用逆转录环介导的等温扩增(RT-LAMP)法检测GFkV;并与双抗体夹心ELISA (DAS-ELISA)和rt -聚合酶链反应(PCR)等方法进行了比较。病毒外壳蛋白(CP)基因主要用于设计引物。采用羟基酚蓝(HNB)染料,优化后将RT-LAMP置于水浴中。为了方便、快速地检测GFkV,还建立了一种新的免疫捕获(IC)-RT-LAMP检测方法;并与其他检测方法进行比较。结果表明,RT-LAMP具有灵敏度高、价格便宜、操作方便、安全等优点;此外,它可以通过视觉检测快速完成,不需要RNA提取(在IC-RT-LAMP中)。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of salinity tolerance of "Vitis vinifera" 'Thompson Seedless' transformed with "AtNHX1" “AtNHX1”转化“葡萄”‘Thompson无籽’耐盐性分析
Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2018.57.143-150
M. Venier, C. Agüero, A. Bermejillo, M. Filippini, M. Hanana, M. Walker, E. Blumwald, A. Dandekar
Several transgenic plant species expressing AtNHX1, coding for a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter from Arabidopsis thaliana, have shown their ability to cope with salinity. The aim of this study was to analyze the response of Vitis vinifera cv. 'Thompson Seedless' transformed with AtNHX1 to salt stress, using soil substrate or hydroponic media, and to compare the response with untransformed 'Thompson Seedless' and allegedly tolerant 'Criolla' cultivars: 'Pedro Gimenez' and 'Criolla Chica'. 'Thompson Seedless' embryogenic calli were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying AtNHX1 under the control of CaMV 35S promoter. Transgenic and untransformed plants were grown in a greenhouse under hydroponics or in pots with soil, and were subjected to increasing concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) up to 150 mM for a period of 7 weeks. Growth and toxicity symptoms were less affected in transgenics as compared to the untransformed grapevines, and transgenic lines had higher shoot length, leaf area and dry weights at the end of the experiment. Root concentrations of Na in transgenics were similar or lower than that observed in untransformed genotypes. Growth impairment and toxicity symptoms were observed in all genotypes under both conditions, but effects were more severe in plants growing with hydroponic culture. Potassium content and shoot to root dry weight ratio decreased with NaCl in hydroponics but not in pots. 'Criolla' cultivars grew less than the other genotypes, although 'Pedro Gimenez' always exhibited highest shoot/root ratios.
几个表达AtNHX1的转基因植物物种,编码来自拟南芥的液泡Na+/H+反转运蛋白,已经显示出它们应对盐度的能力。本研究的目的是分析葡萄的反应。使用土壤基质或水培培养基,用AtNHX1改造“汤普森无籽”,以适应盐胁迫,并与未改造的“汤普森无籽”和据称耐受的“Criolla”品种:“Pedro Gimenez”和“Criolla Chica”进行比较。在CaMV 35S启动子的控制下,用携带AtNHX1的农杆菌转化Thompson无核胚性愈伤组织。转基因植株和未转基因植株分别在温室水培或有土盆栽中生长,并在7周内不断增加氯化钠(NaCl)浓度至150 mM。与未转化的葡萄相比,转基因葡萄的生长和毒性症状受到的影响较小,并且在试验结束时转基因葡萄的茎长、叶面积和干重更高。与未转化的基因型相比,转基因植株的根内钠浓度相似或更低。在两种条件下,所有基因型均出现生长损伤和毒性症状,但水培影响更为严重。在水培条件下,NaCl处理降低了钾含量和茎根干重比,而在盆栽条件下则没有。‘Criolla’品种的生长低于其他基因型,尽管‘Pedro Gimenez’总是表现出最高的茎/根比。
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引用次数: 6
Genetic inter-relationships among Chinese wild grapes based on SRAP marker analyses 基于SRAP标记分析的中国野生葡萄遗传亲缘关系
Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2018.57.151-157
Xutong Zhang, Peijie Gong, Y. Shi, Yuejin Wang, Chaohong Zhang
Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to assess genetic inter-relationships among 39 grape genotypes. These included 22 indigenous Chinese grape species/varieties, the north American V. riparia and the European V. vinifera L. 'Thompson seedless' and 'Pinot noir'. Of the 72 SRAP primer combinations tested, 25 primers generated 135 reliable bands, with an average of 5.52 bands per primer pair. Further analysis shows that 106 of 135 bands were generated by 25 polymorphic primer pairs, with a polymorphism efficiency of 79 %. The similarity coefficients of SRAP polymorphism varied from 0.463 to 0.981 among the genotypes analysed. A dendrogram analysis divided the 39 Vitis accessions into 21 groups with similarity coefficients of 0.83. It reveals broadly similar genetic relationships among the genotypes examined to those previously determined using classical taxonomic methods. Our results define V. heyneana subsp. ficifolia and V. baihensis as subspecies of V. heyneana and V. bashanica, respectively. We question the placement of V. davidii var. cyanocarpa and V. davidii var. ningqiangensis as varieties in V. davidii.
利用序列相关扩增多态性(SRAP)标记对39个葡萄基因型间的遗传关系进行了评价。其中包括22个中国本土葡萄品种、北美的riparia葡萄和欧洲的vinifera葡萄。“汤普森无籽”和“黑皮诺”。在测试的72对SRAP引物组合中,25对引物产生135条可靠条带,平均每对引物产生5.52条可靠条带。进一步分析表明,25对多态性引物共产生135个条带中的106个,多态性效率为79%。SRAP多态性相似系数在0.463 ~ 0.981之间变化。通过树形图分析将39份葡萄属材料分为21个类群,类群相似性系数为0.83。它揭示了基因型之间的遗传关系与以前使用经典分类学方法确定的基因型之间的遗传关系大致相似。我们的结果定义了V. heyneana亚种。分别作为海叶和巴沙叶的亚种。我们质疑大卫草品种蓝笛草和宁强大卫草作为大卫草品种的位置。
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引用次数: 4
Correlation between the microscopy and qPCR methods (SYBR Green) to detect and quantify Rhizophagus irregularis in grapevine roots 葡萄根部不规则食根菌的显微镜检测与qPCR方法(SYBR Green)的相关性研究
Pub Date : 2018-07-06 DOI: 10.5073/vitis.2018.57.111-117
K. Labonova, M. Sineux, O. Zekri
For an easier identification and quantification of R. irregularis in grapevine, a molecular tool was developed so that each DNA concentration calculated would relate to the degree of root system colonization. To correlate the results obtained by qPCR and microscopy, a different approach for the visualization technique was chosen. It combined the detailed standard method of evaluation on microscopic slides with the global magnifying glass evaluation method in the grids. The global assessment sampling was closer to the qPCR sampling that was made on a representative fraction of the whole root system. This fact became the base of successful correlation between microscopy and qPCR. The result of these measures were the attribution of an average qPCR value to each level of colonization defined as five different classes. Around 0.66 ng·µL-1, the DNA concentration corresponded to the first contacts between the fungus and the grapevine roots (class M1), while around 42 ng·µL-1 it accounted for the beginning of the mycorrhizal symbiosis (class M2). A satisfactory mycorrhization level could be concluded from a 258 ng·µL-1 DNA concentration (class M3), while all values above 563 ng·µL-1 (class M4) showed a full mycorrhization level. The development of this qPCR tool allowed the fast and accurate evaluation of the mycorrhization level in the root system without having to realize any microscopic observation.
为了更容易地鉴定和定量葡萄藤中的不规则葡萄球菌,开发了一种分子工具,使每个DNA浓度计算与根系定植程度相关。为了将qPCR和显微镜获得的结果联系起来,选择了一种不同的可视化技术方法。将显微镜载玻片的详细标准评价方法与网格中的全局放大镜评价方法相结合。全局评估取样更接近于对整个根系的代表性部分进行的qPCR取样。这一事实成为显微镜与qPCR成功关联的基础。这些测量的结果是将平均qPCR值归因于定义为五个不同类别的每个定殖水平。DNA浓度约为0.66 ng·µL-1,对应于真菌与葡萄根(M1类)的第一次接触,而DNA浓度约为42 ng·µL-1,对应于菌根共生(M2类)的开始。258 ng·µL-1 (M3类)的DNA浓度为满意菌根水平,563 ng·µL-1 (M4类)以上的DNA浓度为完全菌根水平。该qPCR工具的开发可以快速准确地评估根系菌根化水平,而无需进行任何显微镜观察。
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引用次数: 1
Grapevine breeding under climate change: Applicability of a molecular marker linked to véraison 气候变化下的葡萄育种:一种与变异有关的分子标记的适用性
Pub Date : 2018-07-06 DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2018.57.119-123
E. Zyprian, R. Eibach, O. Trapp, F. Schwander, R. Töpfer
Viticulture is of high economic value. Traditional grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) are used in adaptation to the climatic conditions from Northern to Southern European growing areas. However, the recent trend of global warming causes quality deficits due to a shift of the plant's development to earlier times in the year. As a consequence, premature ripening happens under warm temperatures and interferes with the balanced accumulation of sugars, acids, aroma profiles and berry coloration. Modern grapevine breeding is challenged to include the ripening behavior as an important trait (besides pathogen resistance and other characteristics) into the development of novel cultivars well suited for sustainable viticulture. Breeders nowadays apply molecular markers to follow the introgression of desired traits on the genetic level. Previous work has identified a molecular tag on grapevine chromosome 16 strongly linked to the time of veraison, the start of the second phase of berry ripening, in a segregating cross population. In this study we analyzed the transferability of this marker to a set of 36 grapevine cultivars commonly used in German viticulture. Association analysis verified the predictive character of the time point of veraison for maturation time and confirmed the diagnostic potential of the veraison-linked marker in this extended set of cultivars.
葡萄栽培具有很高的经济价值。传统葡萄品种(Vitis vinifera L.)用于适应北欧到南欧种植区的气候条件。然而,最近全球变暖的趋势导致质量下降,因为植物的发展转移到一年中的早些时候。因此,过早成熟发生在温暖的温度下,并干扰糖、酸、香气和浆果颜色的平衡积累。现代葡萄育种面临的挑战是将成熟行为作为一个重要的性状(除了抗病原菌和其他特性)纳入适合可持续葡萄栽培的新品种的开发中。现在的育种家利用分子标记在遗传水平上跟踪所需性状的渗入。先前的工作已经在一个分离的杂交群体中发现了葡萄16号染色体上的一个分子标签,它与变异时间密切相关,变异时间是浆果成熟第二阶段的开始。在本研究中,我们分析了该标记在36个德国葡萄栽培常用葡萄品种上的可转移性。关联分析验证了变异时间点对成熟时间的预测特性,证实了变异连锁标记在该扩展品种集中的诊断潜力。
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引用次数: 9
Spur pruning leads to distinctly different phenolic profiles of base sparkling wines than cane pruning 马刺修剪导致明显不同的酚profile的基础起泡酒比甘蔗修剪
Pub Date : 2018-07-05 DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2018.57.103-109
Joanna E. Jones, Fiona Kerslake, R. Dambergs, D. Close
Winter pruning is the principal method for regulating yield in viticulture. The aim of this work was to investigate the effectiveness of cane and spur pruning on yield, and on grape and wine composition. Cane and spur pruning were investigated in Vitis vinifera L. 'Pinot noir' and 'Chardonnay' vertically-shoot-positioned vines over three seasons. Effects on vine carbohydrates, yield components, leaf area, grape and base wine composition were determined. The canopies of spur pruned vines established more rapidly than cane pruned vines in the 2009/10 season, for both 'Pinot noir' and 'Chardonnay'. The canopies were denser under spur pruning than cane pruning. Pruning treatment had no effect on total yield for either cultivar in any of the three seasons. Total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity were unaffected by pruning treatment, except in 2012 where TSS and pH were higher for spur pruned 'Chardonnay' vines. Apart from spur pruned 'Pinot noir' vine wood being higher in starch in the winter of 2011, overwintering starch and soluble sugar concentrations were not different between pruning treatments for 'Pinot noir' and 'Chardonnay'. Although not different in yield or basic fruit composition, fruit from spur pruned vines resulted in distinctly different phenolic profiles of base wines, with cane pruning appearing to negatively impact on the low molecular weight phenolics in the wine. The results presented here provide confidence that quality is not lessened, in fact could be improved, by shifting from the industry norm of cane to spur pruning for sparkling wine production in cool climates.
冬季修剪是葡萄栽培中调节产量的主要方法。本研究的目的是研究甘蔗和马刺修剪对产量以及葡萄和葡萄酒成分的影响。对葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)的甘蔗和鞭毛修剪进行了研究。“黑皮诺”(Pinot noir)和“霞多丽”(Chardonnay)在三个季节里垂直种植葡萄藤。测定了对葡萄碳水化合物、产量成分、叶面积、葡萄和底酒成分的影响。在2009/10年度,无论是“黑皮诺”还是“霞多丽”,刺状修剪的葡萄冠层比甘蔗修剪的葡萄冠层建立得更快。短枝修剪比甘蔗修剪树冠密度大。在三个季节中,修剪处理对两个品种的总产量均无影响。总可溶性固结物(TSS)和可滴定酸度不受修剪处理的影响,除了2012年,“霞多丽”(Chardonnay)的TSS和pH值更高。2011年冬季,除了“黑比诺”短枝枝的淀粉含量较高外,“黑比诺”和“霞多丽”的越冬淀粉和可溶性糖浓度在修剪处理之间没有差异。虽然在产量和基本果实组成上没有差异,但修剪后的果实对基础酒的酚类物质分布有明显的影响,而修剪后的藤对酒中的低分子量酚类物质有负面影响。这里提出的结果提供了信心,质量没有降低,实际上可以提高,从甘蔗的行业规范转变为刺激修剪起泡酒生产在凉爽的气候。
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引用次数: 6
Molecular characterization of table grape varieties preserved in the Rancho de la Merced Grapevine Germplasm Bank (Spain) 西班牙Rancho de la Merced葡萄种质库保存的鲜食葡萄品种的分子特性
Pub Date : 2018-06-29 DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2018.57.93-101
A. J. Cantizano, A. Luján, R. Arroyo-García
A collection of 317 table-grape accessions preserved in the Vitis Germplasm Bank at the Rancho de la Merced (IFAPA, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain) were genotyped at 20 microsatellite loci. A total of 264 different genotypes were obtained. Among them, 66 are presented for the first time. Twenty-one accession names are considered new synonyms, fourteen homonyms and 48 can be considered as "denomination mistakes" in the Rancho de la Merced collection.
对保存在Rancho de la Merced (IFAPA, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain)葡萄种质库中的317份鲜食葡萄进行了20个微卫星位点的基因分型。共获得264个不同的基因型。其中,首次亮相的有66个。在Rancho de la Merced收藏中,21个加入名称被认为是新的同义词,14个同音异义,48个可以被认为是“命名错误”。
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引用次数: 8
Volatile compounds and phenolic composition of skins and seeds of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes under different deficit irrigation regimes 赤霞珠葡萄皮和种子在不同亏缺灌溉制度下的挥发性化合物和酚类成分
Pub Date : 2018-06-29 DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2018.57.83-91
M. J. García-Esparza, I. Abrisqueta, I. Escriche, D. Intrigliolo, I. Alvarez, V. Lizama
Aroma compounds and skin and seed polyphenols are determinants of wine composition. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different post-veraison deficit irrigation strategies on volatile profile and the chemical composition of grape skin and seeds in a 'Cabernet Sauvignon' vineyard in Valencia (Spain). Besides a non-irrigated regime (rainfed), irrigation treatments consisted of replacing 25, 50 and 75 % of the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETC). When compared to rainfed vines, watering during post-veraison at 75 % of the ETC, decreased concentrations of alcohols but increased those of aldehydes such as hexanal, related to herbaceous (non-desirable) aromas in wines. Irrigating at 25 % or 50 % of ETC resulted in similar concentrations of grape volatile compounds than rainfed vines. There was also a general trend in a reduction in skin to flesh ratio as irrigation regime increased. The concentration of skin anthocyanins and tannins increased with water applications, but seed tannins decreased in the most irrigated regimes. This suggests different effects of water stress on skin and seed polyphenol synthesis and accumulation. For the tannin content, water stress provoked higher tannin mean degree polymerization values, which positively affect must astringency. Under the experimental conditions of the present study, watering at 50 % ETC during post-veraison is the recommended irrigation strategy for optimizing grape composition and improving yield in comparison with rainfed vines.
香气化合物、果皮和种子多酚是葡萄酒成分的决定因素。本研究的目的是确定不同改种后亏缺灌溉策略对西班牙巴伦西亚赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon)葡萄园葡萄皮和种子挥发性特征和化学成分的影响。除了非灌溉制度(雨养),灌溉处理包括替代25%、50%和75%的作物估算蒸散量(ETC)。与雨养葡萄藤相比,在转化后以75%的ETC浇水,降低了酒精浓度,但增加了醛类物质的浓度,如己醛,这与葡萄酒中的草本(不理想的)香气有关。以25%或50%的ETC灌溉导致的葡萄挥发性化合物浓度与雨养葡萄相似。随着灌溉制度的增加,皮肉比也有降低的一般趋势。果皮中花青素和单宁的浓度随着水分的增加而增加,而种子中单宁的浓度在大多数灌溉条件下下降。这说明水分胁迫对果皮和种子多酚的合成和积累有不同的影响。在单宁含量方面,水分胁迫导致单宁平均聚合度升高,对单宁收敛性有积极影响。在本研究的试验条件下,与雨养葡萄相比,改良后以50% ETC灌水是优化葡萄成分和提高产量的推荐灌溉策略。
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引用次数: 19
Comprehensive evaluation of heat resistance in 68 Vitis germplasm resources 68份葡萄种质资源耐热性综合评价
Pub Date : 2018-04-23 DOI: 10.5073/VITIS.2018.57.75-81
Q. Zha, X. Xi, Yani He, A. Jiang
Temperature is a crucial factor limiting plant growth. Grapevine is frequently subjected to high temperature during its maturation stage, and this seriously influences grape growth and development. Here, we selected 68 grapevine varieties and examined the heat damage index, relative electrolyte leakage, and Fv/Fm after exposure to 50 °C. 'Red Seedless', 'Hong Yuli', 'At Suma', 'Hupei 3#', and 'Tamina' were tolerant to high-temperature stress; however, 'Brazil', 'Shenfeng', 'Gold Finger', 'Heimeixiang', 'Kaiji', and 'Zuijinxiang' varieties were sensitive to high-temperature stress and died after exposure to 50 °C. Our findings provide a valuable insight into resistance breeding programs for grapevine.
温度是限制植物生长的一个重要因素。葡萄在成熟阶段经常受到高温的影响,这严重影响了葡萄的生长发育。在这里,我们选择了68个葡萄品种,研究了暴露于50°C后的热损伤指数、相对电解质泄漏和Fv/Fm。‘红无籽’、‘红玉梨’、‘At Suma’、‘湖北3号’和‘Tamina’耐高温胁迫;然而,‘巴西’、‘神峰’、‘金手指’、‘黑美香’、‘凯吉’和‘醉金香’品种对高温胁迫敏感,暴露在50℃后死亡。我们的发现为葡萄藤的抗性育种计划提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 6
Shikimic acid concentration in white wines produced with different processing protocols from fungus-resistant grapes growing in the Alps 在阿尔卑斯山生长的抗真菌葡萄用不同的加工方案生产的白葡萄酒中的莽草酸浓度
Pub Date : 2018-04-17 DOI: 10.5073/vitis.2018.57.41-46
T. Román, G. Nicolini, L. Barp, M. Malacarne, F. Tait, R. Larcher
Shikimic acid (SHA) has been used for years as variety marker in fraud control, especially for 'Pinot Noir', 'Pinot Gris' and 'Pinot Blanc' with very low amounts. Until now no data for the hybrid grapes 'Bronner', 'Helios', 'Johanniter', 'Muscaris', 'Solaris' and 'Souvignier Gris' from the Viticultural Institute of Freiburg (Germany) were published. These white varieties with resistance against downy and powdery mildew are increasingly planted in some Alpine Italian regions. Data obtained from white wines of different vintages and vineyards in Trentino by HPLC showed that 'Johanniter' had the highest average content of SHA, while 'Solaris' and 'Muscaris' had much lower levels. These data are compared with previously published data for Italian wines of 19 white varieties and new data for 'Muller-Thurgau' and 'Yellow Muscat' wines. For a subset of 10 grape batches the influence of four different winemaking protocols on the amount of SHA was investigated. Increasing levels were found in the expected order from direct pressing to pressing of crushed-destemmed grapes (+28 %), short maceration of crushed-destemmed grapes before pressing (+37 %) and a 7-day skin-contact fermentation (+107 %).
莽草酸(SHA)多年来一直被用作欺诈控制的品种标记,特别是对于“黑皮诺”,“灰皮诺”和“白皮诺”的含量非常低。到目前为止,还没有来自德国弗莱堡葡萄栽培研究所的杂交葡萄“Bronner”、“Helios”、“Johanniter”、“Muscaris”、“Solaris”和“Souvignier Gris”的数据发表。这些抗霜霉病和白粉病的白色品种越来越多地种植在意大利的一些阿尔卑斯地区。通过HPLC法对Trentino不同年份和葡萄园的白葡萄酒进行分析,结果表明,“Johanniter”的平均SHA含量最高,而“Solaris”和“Muscaris”的平均SHA含量要低得多。这些数据与之前公布的意大利19种白葡萄酒的数据以及“穆勒-图尔高”和“黄色马斯喀特”葡萄酒的新数据进行了比较。对10个葡萄批次的一个子集,四种不同的酿酒工艺对SHA量的影响进行了研究。从直接压榨到压榨压榨去皮葡萄(+ 28%),压榨前对去皮葡萄进行短时间浸渍(+ 37%)和7天的皮肤接触发酵(+ 107%)的预期顺序依次增加。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research
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