Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia最新文献_第10页

Effects of ketamine on the minimum anesthetic concentration of isoflurane in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) 氯胺酮对鸡异氟醚最低麻醉浓度的影响。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.005

André Escobar , Brighton T. Dzikiti , Kurt Roman , Alexandria Rogers , Jill K. Maney

Objective

To assess the effects of two continuous intravenous (IV) infusion dose rates of ketamine on the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in chickens.

Study design

Prospective, randomized, blinded, experimental crossover design.

Animals

A group of eight adult ISA Brown hens weighing 2.1 ± 0.19 kg.

Methods

Anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen and chickens were mechanically ventilated. Body temperature and partial pressure of end-expired carbon dioxide were maintained between 40 and 41 °C and 30 and 40 mmHg (4–5.3 kPa). Isoflurane MAC was determined using electrical stimulation and the bracketing technique. Subsequently, a bolus of low (LD) or high (HD) dose ketamine (5 or 10 mg kg⁻¹ IV) was injected into the brachial vein followed by a constant rate IV infusion (5 or 10 mg kg⁻¹ hour⁻¹, respectively), with a 1 week washout period between treatments. Isoflurane MAC was determined again approximately 1.5 (T1.5) and 3 hours (T3) after bolus injections. Adverse events and time to extubation were recorded. Data analyses consisted of a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MAC data).

Results

Isoflurane MAC was 1.51 ± 0.18% (mean ± standard deviation). Isoflurane MAC at T1.5 and T3 was 1.45 ± 0.16% and 1.53 ± 0.15% (LD) and 1.42 ± 0.24% and 1.46 ± 0.23% (HD). Isoflurane MAC values during LD [(T1.5) p = 0.857 and (T3) p = 0.995] and HD [(T1.5) p = 0.797 and (T3) p = 0.974] ketamine infusion were not different from baseline. Extubation times after isoflurane discontinuation was 12 ± 9 minutes for the LD and 14 ± 5 minutes for the HD treatment. Overall, four animals (both treatments) developed an obstructive mucous plug in the endotracheal tube.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Ketamine did not change isoflurane MAC in chickens. Chickens anesthetized with isoflurane and ketamine should be monitored for endotracheal tube obstruction.

目的：探讨氯胺酮连续两次静脉注射剂量率对鸡异氟醚最低麻醉浓度（MAC）的影响。研究设计：前瞻性、随机、盲法、实验交叉设计。动物：一组8只成年ISA褐鸡，体重2.1±0.19公斤。方法：异氟醚诱导麻醉并维持麻醉，机械通气。体温和呼气末二氧化碳分压分别维持在40 ~ 41℃和30 ~ 40 mmHg （4 ~ 5.3 kPa）之间。采用电刺激法和包套法测定异氟醚的MAC。随后，将低（LD）或高（HD）剂量氯胺酮（5或10 mg kg-1 IV）注射到肱静脉，然后进行等速静脉输注（分别为5或10 mg kg-1小时-1），两次治疗之间有1周的洗脱期。异氟烷MAC在注射后约1.5 （T1.5）和3小时（T3）再次测定。记录不良事件及拔管时间。数据分析包括重复测量的混合效应模型（MAC数据）。结果：异氟烷MAC为1.51±0.18%（平均值±标准差）。T1.5和T3时异氟烷MAC分别为1.45±0.16%和1.53±0.15% （LD）和1.42±0.24%和1.46±0.23% （HD）。在LD [(T1.5) p = 0.857, (T3) p = 0.995]和HD [(T1.5) p = 0.797, (T3) p = 0.974]输注氯胺酮期间异氟烷MAC值与基线无差异。异氟醚停药后，LD拔管时间为12±9分钟，HD为14±5分钟。总的来说，4只动物（两种治疗方法）在气管内管中出现了阻塞性粘液堵塞。结论及临床意义：氯胺酮对鸡异氟醚MAC无影响。用异氟醚和氯胺酮麻醉的鸡应监测气管内管阻塞情况。

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引用次数: 0

Radiation exposure during ultrasound- and fluoroscopy-guided spinal interventional pain management procedures in dogs: a retrospective analysis in a single institution 在超声和透视引导下犬脊柱介入疼痛管理过程中的辐射暴露：单一机构的回顾性分析。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.004

Roger Medina-Serra , Eliseo Belda , Patricia López-Abradelo , Aurora Zoff , Sandra Sanchís-Mora

Objective

To quantify C-arm–registered radiation exposure during ultrasound- and fluoroscopy-guided spinal interventional pain management in dogs, and to measure operator-based radiation levels to identify discrepancies between delivered and received dose.

Study design

A retrospective observational study.

Animals

A total of 82 canine spinal interventional pain management procedures performed at a single referral institution.

Methods

Radiation data [dose–area product (Gy·cm²) and absorbed dose (mGy)] were collected from a mobile C-arm fluoroscopy system for procedures conducted from September 2020 to August 2024. Effective dose (mSv) was calculated using a standard conversion factor applied to dose–area product (Gy·cm²). Operator exposure was monitored via thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) placed at chest level and at the C-arm arc. TLD readings were retrieved quarterly through the Public Health England/UK Health Security Agency databases. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess normality, and data were expressed as median (minimum–maximum) or mean ± standard deviation, as appropriate.

Results

The median absorbed dose for all spinal interventions was 3.97 (0.07–25.8) mGy. The corresponding median dose–area product and effective dose was 0.63 (0.01–4.12) Gy·cm² and 0.15 (0.002–0.95) mSv, respectively. Procedural radiation exposure lay near the lower end of reported human ranges and operator TLD readings remained below detection thresholds despite cumulative procedural doses exceeding these levels.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Ultrasound- and fluoroscopy-guided spinal interventional pain management in dogs resulted in relatively low radiation exposure levels for both animals and operators. Incorporating ultrasound aligns with the ‘as low as reasonably achievable’ principle, helping reduce fluoroscopy time and associated risks. These findings support the development of targeted radiation safety protocols for veterinary interventional procedures and underscore the importance of continued operator training and dosimetry monitoring.

目的：量化超声和透视引导下犬脊柱介入性疼痛治疗期间c臂记录的辐射暴露，并测量操作人员的辐射水平，以确定传递剂量和接收剂量之间的差异。研究设计：回顾性观察性研究。动物：在单一转诊机构共进行了82例犬脊柱介入疼痛管理手术。方法：收集2020年9月至2024年8月在移动c臂透视系统中进行手术的辐射数据[剂量面积积（Gy·cm2）和吸收剂量（mGy）]。有效剂量（mSv）是通过应用于剂量面积积（Gy·cm2）的标准转换因子计算的。通过放置在胸部和c臂弧线处的热释光剂量计（tld）监测操作人员的暴露情况。TLD读数每季度通过英国公共卫生部/英国卫生安全局数据库检索一次。采用Shapiro-Wilk检验评估正态性，数据以中位数（最小-最大）或平均值±标准差（视情况而定）表示。结果：所有脊柱干预的中位吸收剂量为3.97 (0.07-25.8)mGy。相应的中位剂量面积积和有效剂量分别为0.63 (0.01-4.12)Gy·cm2和0.15 (0.002-0.95)mSv。程序性辐射暴露接近报告的人体范围的下限，尽管累积程序性剂量超过这些水平，但操作人员的TLD读数仍低于检测阈值。结论和临床意义：超声和透视引导下的犬脊柱介入疼痛治疗对动物和操作人员的辐射暴露水平都相对较低。结合超声符合“尽可能低”的原则，有助于减少透视时间和相关风险。这些发现支持了兽医介入手术的靶向辐射安全规程的制定，并强调了持续对操作人员进行培训和剂量学监测的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to inspired oxygen fraction and dynamic compliance following anesthetic induction for predicting postanesthetic hypoxemia in dogs 评估麻醉诱导后动脉血氧分压与吸入氧分数之比及动态顺应性预测犬麻醉后低氧血症。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.003

Minha Kim, Taehoon Sung, Changhoon Nam, Inhyung Lee, Won-gyun Son

Objective

To evaluate correlation between postanesthetic induction ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to inspired oxygen fraction (PaO₂:FIO₂) and dynamic compliance (C_dyn) with postanesthetic hypoxemia [PaO₂ < 80 mmHg (10.7 kPa)] in mechanically ventilated dogs, and to compare PaO₂:FIO₂ and C_dyn for predicting postanesthetic hypoxemia.

Study design

Retrospective, single-cohort, observational study.

Animals

A total of 168 dogs anesthetized with isoflurane under pressure-controlled ventilation.

Methods

Postinduction arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis was performed 5–40 minutes postintubation and following postextubation (room-air). C_dyn values were matched to the nearest postinduction ABG measurement (within 15 minutes). PaO₂:FIO₂ and C_dyn values were categorized using thresholds of 300 mmHg (40.0 kPa) and 400 mmHg (53.3 kPa), and 1.0 and 1.5 mL cmH₂O⁻¹ kg^-1. Linear-by-linear association was used to evaluate PaO₂:FIO₂ and C_dyn with the prevalence of postanesthetic hypoxemia. Diagnostic accuracy of these variables was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Optimal cut-off values for distinguishing hypoxemia were determined using the empirical quantile bootstrap method (fixed sensitivity of 95%).

Results

Postanesthetic hypoxemia was observed in 22/168 dogs. Lower postinduction PaO₂:FIO₂ (p = 0.033) and C_dyn (p = 0.002) values were associated with a significantly higher prevalence of postanesthetic hypoxemia. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PaO₂:FIO₂ {0.696 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.599–0.807]} and C_dyn [0.716 (95% CI 0.602–0.824)] exhibited good (AUC 0.6–0.7) to satisfactory (AUC 0.7–0.8) diagnostic accuracy, with no significant difference between variables (p = 0.432). Optimal cut-off values were 332.80 mmHg (44.4 kPa) (95% CI 274.41–374.52 mmHg, 36.6–49.9 kPa) for PaO₂:FIO₂ and 1.01 (95% CI 0.86–1.13) mL cmH₂O⁻¹ kg^-1 for C_dyn.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Postanesthetic hypoxemia was more frequently observed in dogs with low postinduction PaO₂:FIO₂ and C_dyn. These variables had good to satisfactory diagnostic accuracy.

目的：评价机械通气犬麻醉后动脉血氧分压与吸入氧分数的诱导比（PaO2:FIO2）和动态顺应性（Cdyn）与麻醉后低氧血症[PaO2 < 80 mmHg (10.7 kPa)]的相关性，并比较PaO2:FIO2和Cdyn对麻醉后低氧血症的预测价值。研究设计：回顾性、单队列、观察性研究。动物：168只狗在压力控制通气下用异氟烷麻醉。方法：插管后5 ~ 40分钟及拔管后（室内空气）行诱导后动脉血气（ABG）分析。将Cdyn值与诱导后最近的ABG测量值（15分钟内）匹配。PaO2:FIO2和Cdyn的阈值分别为300 mmHg （40.0 kPa）和400 mmHg (53.3 kPa)， 1.0 mL和1.5 mL cmh20 -1 kg-1。采用线性逐线性关系评价PaO2:FIO2和Cdyn与麻醉后低氧血症的发生率。使用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析评估这些变量的诊断准确性。采用经验分位数自举法（固定灵敏度为95%）确定区分低氧血症的最佳截止值。结果：22/168只狗出现麻醉后低氧血症。诱导后较低的PaO2:FIO2 （p = 0.033）和Cdyn （p = 0.002）值与麻醉后低氧血症的发生率显著升高相关。PaO2:FIO2{0.696[95%可信区间（CI）： 0.599 ~ 0.807]}和Cdyn [0.716 (95% CI 0.602 ~ 0.824)]的诊断准确率为良好（AUC 0.6 ~ 0.7）至满意（AUC 0.7 ~ 0.8），变量间无显著差异（p = 0.432）。PaO2:FIO2的最佳临界值为332.80 mmHg (44.4 kPa) (95% CI 274.41-374.52 mmHg, 36.6-49.9 kPa)， Cdyn的最佳临界值为1.01 mL cmh20 -1 kg-1 （95% CI 0.86-1.13）。结论及临床意义：诱导后PaO2:FIO2和Cdyn较低的犬更容易出现麻醉后低氧血症。这些变量具有良好到令人满意的诊断准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Relationship between ejection fraction and shortening fraction in dogs, and diagnostic accuracy of shortening fraction in identifying normal and abnormal ventricular contraction 犬射血分数与缩短分数的关系及缩短分数对正常和异常心室收缩的诊断准确性。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.06.012

Manuel Martin-Flores , Mark Rishniw

Objective

To examine the relationship between shortening fraction and ejection fraction, and to calculate the diagnostic performance of shortening fraction in identifying normal, subnormal and supranormal ejection fractions in dogs.

Study design

Reanalysis of prospective data.

Animal population

A group of 224 dogs; 86 healthy, 96 with mitral valve disease, and 42 with other cardiac pathologies.

Methods

Echocardiographic cineloops of right parasternal short- and long-axis (RPSA and RPLA) and left apical four-chamber (LA4C) views were analyzed by five experienced echocardiographers. Ejection fraction was measured using the Simpson’s method of discs from RPLA and LA4C, and shortening fraction from RPSA with M-mode. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of shortening fraction for identifying a low, normal, or high ejection fraction for each volumetric method, and the diagnostic performance of the LA4C volumetric method against the RPLA volumetric method, were calculated.

Results

Sensitivity and specificity to detect low ejection fraction were 92% and 93% (RPLA) and 71% and 91% (LA4C). The positive and negative predictive values for low ejection fraction were 55% and 99% (RPLA) and 46% and 97% (LA4C).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Shortening fraction was a robust indicator of ejection fraction in dogs, with high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of decreased left ventricular systolic function. Given its simplicity and despite its limitations, shortening fraction might be a valuable tool during perianesthetic examinations of dogs.

目的：探讨缩短分数与射血分数的关系，并计算缩短分数对犬射血分数正常、亚正常和异常的诊断价值。研究设计：重新分析前瞻性数据。动物种群：224只狗一组；86人健康，96人患有二尖瓣疾病，42人患有其他心脏疾病。方法：由5名经验丰富的超声心动图医师对右胸骨旁短轴和长轴（RPSA和RPLA）和左心尖四室（LA4C）的超声心动图进行分析。采用辛普森法测定RPLA和LA4C椎间盘的射血分数，用m -模式测定RPSA的缩短分数。计算了各种容积法鉴别低、正常或高射血分数的敏感性、特异性、缩短分数阳性预测值和阴性预测值，以及LA4C容积法相对于RPLA容积法的诊断性能。结果：RPLA检测低射血分数的灵敏度和特异性分别为92%和93%，LA4C检测低射血分数的灵敏度和特异性分别为71%和91%。低射血分数的阳性预测值为55%和99% (RPLA)，阴性预测值为46%和97% （LA4C）。结论及临床意义：缩短分数是狗射血分数的一个可靠指标，对于检测左心室收缩功能下降具有很高的敏感性和特异性。由于它的简单和尽管其局限性，缩短分数可能是一个有价值的工具，在围麻醉检查的狗。

{"title":"Relationship between ejection fraction and shortening fraction in dogs, and diagnostic accuracy of shortening fraction in identifying normal and abnormal ventricular contraction","authors":"Manuel Martin-Flores , Mark Rishniw","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the relationship between shortening fraction and ejection fraction, and to calculate the diagnostic performance of shortening fraction in identifying normal, subnormal and supranormal ejection fractions in dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Reanalysis of prospective data.</div></div><div><h3>Animal population</h3><div>A group of 224 dogs; 86 healthy, 96 with mitral valve disease, and 42 with other cardiac pathologies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Echocardiographic cineloops of right parasternal short- and long-axis (RPSA and RPLA) and left apical four-chamber (LA4C) views were analyzed by five experienced echocardiographers. Ejection fraction was measured using the Simpson’s method of discs from RPLA and LA4C, and shortening fraction from RPSA with M-mode. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of shortening fraction for identifying a low, normal, or high ejection fraction for each volumetric method, and the diagnostic performance of the LA4C volumetric method against the RPLA volumetric method, were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sensitivity and specificity to detect low ejection fraction were 92% and 93% (RPLA) and 71% and 91% (LA4C). The positive and negative predictive values for low ejection fraction were 55% and 99% (RPLA) and 46% and 97% (LA4C).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>Shortening fraction was a robust indicator of ejection fraction in dogs, with high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of decreased left ventricular systolic function. Given its simplicity and despite its limitations, shortening fraction might be a valuable tool during perianesthetic examinations of dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":"52 6","pages":"Pages 899-902"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rocuronium and sugammadex in neonatal and juvenile foals 罗库溴铵和糖马酮在新生马驹和幼马驹中的应用。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.06.010

Manuel Martin-Flores, Joaquin Araos, Robin D. Gleed

引用次数: 0

The effects of a long-duration intravenous infusion of detomidine, with and without vatinoxan, on equine energy metabolism and urine composition 长时间静脉输注德托咪定对马能量代谢和尿液成分的影响。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.06.011

Noora Jantunen , Marja Raekallio , Bartlomiej Obrochta , Heidi Tapio , Luis Gracia Calvo , Rebecca Rivera Pöyhönen , Kati Hagman , Ninja Karikoski

Objective

To assess the effects of a 4 hour detomidine constant rate infusion (CRI) with and without a vatinoxan CRI on energy metabolism and urine composition.

Study design

Randomized, blinded, crossover study.

Animals

Eight Finnhorses, 587 (550–620) kg [median (range)] and 13 (4–16) years old.

Methods

Horses were administered an intravenous (IV) detomidine loading dose (0.01 mg kg^-1) followed by 240 minutes CRI (0.015 mg kg^-1 hour^-1) (DET) and the same detomidine protocol combined with an IV vatinoxan loading dose (0.15 mg kg^-1) and CRI (0.05 mg kg hour^-1) (DET+VAT). Blood samples for glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acid (sNEFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate (sBHB) concentrations were collected during and for 240 minutes after CRI. Urine samples for glucose and sodium concentrations were collected at the end of CRI. Data were analysed using repeated measures ANCOVA and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

Blood glucose concentrations were significantly higher during CRI with DET compared with DET+VAT (all p < 0.001). Median insulin concentration was significantly lower during CRI with DET compared with DET+VAT (p = 0.012–0.018) and peaked at the end of follow-up period. With DET+VAT CRI, sBHB and sNEFA were significantly higher compared with DET (p < 0.001–0.002, p < 0.001–0.007). Urination was more frequent during DET CRI than with DET+VAT (p = 0.020). Glucosuria was more profound with DET [6.3 (2.4–11.1) mmol L^-1] than with DET+VAT [0.1 (0.0–3.1) mmol L^-1] (p = 0.012). More sodium was excreted into urine with DET [49.0 (22–66) mmol L^-1] than with DET+VAT [27.0 (8–43) mmol L^-1] (p = 0.012).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Vatinoxan alleviated detomidine-induced hypoinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia and diminished urination frequency, glucosuria, and natriuresis during and after a 4 hour CRI. Vatinoxan may be beneficial during standing sedation with alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists.

目的：探讨替替诺散等速输注（CRI）和不输注替替诺散等速输注（CRI）对能量代谢和尿液组成的影响。研究设计：随机、盲法、交叉研究。动物：8匹芬兰马，587（550-620）公斤[中位数（范围）],13（4-16）岁。方法：给马静脉注射（IV）托托咪定负荷剂量（0.01 mg kg-1），随后240分钟进行CRI (0.015 mg kg-1小时-1)(DET)，同样的托托咪定方案联合静脉注射瓦替诺珊负荷剂量（0.15 mg kg-1）和CRI (0.05 mg kg-1小时-1)（DET+VAT）。血液中葡萄糖、胰岛素、非酯化脂肪酸（sNEFA）和β-羟基丁酸（shbhb）浓度在CRI期间和CRI后240分钟采集。在CRI结束时收集尿液葡萄糖和钠浓度样本。数据分析采用重复测量ANCOVA和Wilcoxon符号秩检验。结果：与DET+VAT相比，DET合并CRI时血糖浓度显著升高（p < 0.001）。与DET+VAT相比，DET联合CRI期间胰岛素浓度中位数显著降低（p = 0.012-0.018），并在随访结束时达到峰值。DET+VAT组CRI、shbhb、sNEFA均显著高于DET组（p < 0.001 ~ 0.002, p < 0.001 ~ 0.007）。DET CRI组尿频明显高于DET+VAT组（p = 0.020）。DET组[6.3 (2.4-11.1)mmol L-1]比DET+VAT组[0.1 (0.0-3.1)mmol L-1]血糖水平更高（p = 0.012）。DET组尿钠排泄量[49.0 (22-66)mmol -1]高于DET+VAT组[27.0 (8-43)mmol -1] （p = 0.012）。结论和临床意义：Vatinoxan减轻了德托咪定诱导的低胰岛素血症和高血糖，减少了4小时CRI期间和之后的排尿频率、血糖和尿钠。Vatinoxan在使用α 2-肾上腺素受体激动剂进行站立镇静时可能是有益的。

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引用次数: 0

A comparison of a transdermal eutectic lidocaine/prilocaine cream and subcutaneous lidocaine injection prior to jugular vein catheterization in horses: a randomized crossover study 马颈静脉置管前经皮共溶利多卡因/普利卡因乳膏和皮下利多卡因注射的比较：一项随机交叉研究。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.06.009

Biancia Amiet , Joanne Rainger , Steven Zedler , Allison Stewart , Solomon Woldeyohannes , Wendy Goodwin

Objective

To compare horses’ aversive behavioural responses to the application of 5% prilocaine/lidocaine eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA) cream versus subcutaneous infiltration of 2% lidocaine, followed by jugular vein catheterization.

Study design

Blinded, randomized study.

Animals

A group of 26 university-owned research horses.

Methods

Each horse received both treatments at opposite jugular sites with ≥ 12 hours between procedures. One randomly assigned jugular site received 1 g cm^-2 of 5% EMLA cream 60 minutes before catheterization, while the contralateral site received 1.5 mL of 2% lidocaine subcutaneously 15 minutes prior. A 14 gauge catheter was introduced percutaneously and maintained for 20 minutes. A total of four blinded evaluators scored aversive behaviours during treatment application and catheterization using a simple descriptive scale (SDS). Treatment sites were assessed for erythema, blanching, or pain immediately after application and at 20 minutes and 24 hours post-catheter removal. Stratified multivariate Mann–Whitney U tests compared SDS values with significance at p < 0.05.

Results

Horses showed significantly lower SDS scores during EMLA application versus lidocaine injection (0.3 ± 0.3 and 0.5 ± 0.4, respectively; p = 0.012). However, during catheterization, horses treated with lidocaine had lower SDS scores than those treated with EMLA (0.4 ± 0.4 and 0.8 ± 0.5, respectively; p = 0.006), although this difference was not significant when corrected for catheter placement side (p = 0.077). Neither treatment caused adverse effects at application sites.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The application of 5% EMLA cream was well tolerated in horses and may provide an alternative to subcutaneous infiltration of lidocaine prior to jugular vein catheterization in horses.

目的：比较5%普丙卡因/利多卡因共溶局部麻醉（EMLA）乳膏与2%利多卡因皮下浸润后颈静脉置管对马的厌恶行为反应。研究设计：盲法、随机研究。动物：一组26只大学拥有的研究用马。方法：每匹马在颈静脉相对部位接受两种治疗，疗程间隔≥12小时。一个随机指定的颈静脉部位在置管前60分钟接受1 g cm-2 5% EMLA乳膏，而对侧部位在置管前15分钟皮下接受1.5 mL 2%利多卡因。经皮引入14号导管并维持20分钟。共有四名盲法评估者使用简单描述性量表（SDS）对治疗应用和置管期间的厌恶行为进行评分。治疗部位在应用后立即、导管拔出后20分钟和24小时评估是否有红斑、焯水或疼痛。分层多变量Mann-Whitney U检验比较SDS值，p < 0.05为显著性。结果：与利多卡因注射组相比，EMLA组马的SDS评分显著降低（分别为0.3±0.3和0.5±0.4,p = 0.012）。然而，在置管期间，使用利多卡因治疗的马的SDS评分低于使用EMLA治疗的马（分别为0.4±0.4和0.8±0.5;p = 0.006），尽管在导管放置侧校正后这种差异不显着（p = 0.077）。两种治疗均未在应用部位产生不良反应。结论和临床意义：5% EMLA乳膏在马的耐受性良好，可能是在马颈静脉置管前皮下浸润利多卡因的替代方法。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of early and late time-controlled adaptive ventilation on pulmonary gas exchange in anesthetized horses 早、晚时控适应性通气对麻醉马肺气体交换的影响。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.06.007

Caterina Vicenti , Marta Cercone , Gary Nieman , Nader M. Habashi , Penny Andrews , Joshua Satalin , Pamela Velarde , Katharyn J. Mitchell , Elizabeth Williams Louie , Victoria Albano , Haider Ali , Andrea King , Francesco Staffieri , Robin Gleed , Alex Bukoski , Klaus Hopster , David Hodgson , Andy Adler , Manuel Martin-Flores , Joaquin Araos

Objective

To compare early versus late time-controlled adaptive ventilation (TCAV) for setting airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) on arterial oxygenation in dorsally recumbent anesthetized horses.

Study design

A crossover, nonrandomized, experimental study.

Animals

Six healthy adult horses.

Methods

Each horse underwent two anesthetics: 1) volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) began for 30 minutes before switching to APRV using the TCAV method (late TCAV, TCAV_L); and 2) ventilation began immediately with TCAV (early TCAV, TCAV_E). The study lasted 180 minutes, with arterial blood gases and respiratory mechanics recorded at T0 and every 30 minutes. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) was performed at T0, T30, T90 and T180 to calculate mid-cranial regional ventilation. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used for comparisons. Lung ultrasound (LUS) images were obtained from three horses at baseline (before anesthesia) and at T30, T60, T120 and T180 during each crossover to calculate a mid-caudal LUS score. No statistical analysis was performed on ultrasound data.

Results

TCAV_E showed significantly higher partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO₂/FiO₂) than TCAV_L, whereas TCAV did not significantly affect it compared with VCV in the TCAV_L group. TCAV_E resulted in significantly higher tidal volumes (V_T)than TCAV_L, whereas in the TCAV_L group, TCAV reduced V_T compared with VCV. No significant differences were found in respiratory system compliance or airway driving pressure. Both TCAV_E and TCAV_L significantly improved dorsal lung ventilation on EIT, but TCAV_L failed to reverse caudal atelectasis and consolidation seen on LUS, whereas TCAV_E appeared to prevent it.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

TCAV_E improved oxygenation and regional ventilation, whereas TCAV_L failed to improve respiratory mechanics or oxygenation compared with VCV.

目的：比较早期和晚期时间控制适应性通气（TCAV）对背卧麻醉马动脉氧合的影响。研究设计：交叉、非随机、实验性研究。动物：六匹健康的成年马。方法：每匹马采用两种麻醉方式：1)容量控制通气（VCV）开始30分钟，然后使用TCAV方法切换到APRV（晚期TCAV， TCAVL）；2) TCAV后立即开始通气（早期TCAV， TCAVE）。研究持续了180分钟，在10点和每30分钟记录一次动脉血气和呼吸力学。在T0， T30， T90和T180进行电阻抗断层扫描（EIT）计算颅中区域通气。采用双向重复测量方差分析进行比较。在基线（麻醉前）和每次交叉的T30、T60、T120和T180时获得三匹马的肺超声（LUS）图像，计算尾侧中期LUS评分。超声资料未作统计学分析。结果：TCAVE组动脉血氧分压（PaO2/FiO2）明显高于TCAVL组，而TCAVL组动脉血氧分压（PaO2/FiO2）与VCV相比无明显差异。TCAVE导致的潮气量（VT）明显高于TCAVL，而在TCAVL组，TCAV与VCV相比降低了VT。两组在呼吸系统顺应性和气道驱动压力方面无显著差异。TCAVE和TCAVL均能显著改善EIT患者的背侧肺通气，但TCAVL未能逆转LUS患者的尾侧肺不张和实变，而TCAVE似乎能预防这种情况。结论和临床意义：与VCV相比，TCAVE改善了氧合和局部通气，而TCAVL未能改善呼吸力学或氧合。

{"title":"Comparison of early and late time-controlled adaptive ventilation on pulmonary gas exchange in anesthetized horses","authors":"Caterina Vicenti , Marta Cercone , Gary Nieman , Nader M. Habashi , Penny Andrews , Joshua Satalin , Pamela Velarde , Katharyn J. Mitchell , Elizabeth Williams Louie , Victoria Albano , Haider Ali , Andrea King , Francesco Staffieri , Robin Gleed , Alex Bukoski , Klaus Hopster , David Hodgson , Andy Adler , Manuel Martin-Flores , Joaquin Araos","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare early <em>versus</em> late time-controlled adaptive ventilation (TCAV) for setting airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) on arterial oxygenation in dorsally recumbent anesthetized horses.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A crossover, nonrandomized, experimental study.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Six healthy adult horses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Each horse underwent two anesthetics: 1) volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) began for 30 minutes before switching to APRV using the TCAV method (late TCAV, TCAV<sub>L</sub>); and 2) ventilation began immediately with TCAV (early TCAV, TCAV<sub>E</sub>). The study lasted 180 minutes, with arterial blood gases and respiratory mechanics recorded at T0 and every 30 minutes. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) was performed at T0, T30, T90 and T180 to calculate mid-cranial regional ventilation. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used for comparisons. Lung ultrasound (LUS) images were obtained from three horses at baseline (before anesthesia) and at T30, T60, T120 and T180 during each crossover to calculate a mid-caudal LUS score. No statistical analysis was performed on ultrasound data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TCAV<sub>E</sub> showed significantly higher partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO<sub>2</sub>/F<span>i</span>O<sub>2</sub>) than TCAV<sub>L</sub>, whereas TCAV did not significantly affect it compared with VCV in the TCAV<sub>L</sub> group. TCAV<sub>E</sub> resulted in significantly higher tidal volumes (V<sub>T</sub>)than TCAV<sub>L</sub>, whereas in the TCAV<sub>L</sub> group, TCAV reduced V<sub>T</sub> compared with VCV. No significant differences were found in respiratory system compliance or airway driving pressure. Both TCAV<sub>E</sub> and TCAV<sub>L</sub> significantly improved dorsal lung ventilation on EIT, but TCAV<sub>L</sub> failed to reverse caudal atelectasis and consolidation seen on LUS, whereas TCAV<sub>E</sub> appeared to prevent it.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>TCAV<sub>E</sub> improved oxygenation and regional ventilation, whereas TCAV<sub>L</sub> failed to improve respiratory mechanics or oxygenation compared with VCV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":"52 6","pages":"Pages 810-820"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sedative and cardiovascular effects of premedication with acepromazine, methadone and dexmedetomidine in sevoflurane-anaesthetized dogs 乙酰丙嗪、美沙酮和右美托咪定对七氟醚麻醉犬的镇静和心血管作用。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.06.008

Mihaela Klasić , Alenka Seliškar , Kristina Rakinić , Manica Ipavec , Jerneja Sredenšek , Katerina Tomsič

Objective

To evaluate the sedative and cardiovascular effects of premedication with acepromazine, methadone and dexmedetomidine or acepromazine and methadone in sevoflurane-anaesthetized dogs.

Study design

A randomized, blinded, prospective clinical study.

Animals

A total of 38 client-owned healthy dogs scheduled for elective surgery.

Methods

Dogs were randomly assigned to intramuscular premedication with acepromazine (0.01 mg kg^-1), methadone (0.3 mg kg^-1) and dexmedetomidine (1.5 μg kg^-1) (Ace/D group) or with acepromazine (0.01 mg kg^-1) and methadone (0.3 mg kg^-1) (Ace group). The anaesthetist who performed the observations and anaesthesia was blinded to the group. Sedation was scored at 5, 10 and 15 minutes after premedication and postoperatively every hour until discharge, starting 30 minutes after extubation. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen and air. Body temperature, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f_R), direct arterial blood pressure, end-tidal sevoflurane, end-tidal carbon dioxide (Pe´CO₂) and oxygen saturation were recorded at 5 minute intervals. The normality of data distribution was assessed with the Shapiro–Wilk test. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups, and effect size was calculated in cases of statistical significance (p < 0.05).

Results

Dogs in the Ace/D group had significantly higher sedation scores 10 minutes after premedication (p = 0.02). The propofol induction doses were significantly lower in the Ace/D group (p = 0.001). During anaesthesia, dogs in the Ace/D group had significantly higher Pe´CO₂ values (p = 0.03), but no significant differences in blood pressure, HR and f_R were observed between the groups. Significantly fewer dogs in the Ace/D group required rescue analgesia with fentanyl (p = 0.04) during surgery (three in Ace/D and nine in Ace group).

Conclusions

Low-dose dexmedetomidine improved preoperative sedation and intraoperative analgesia and reduced the induction dose of propofol in dogs premedicated with acepromazine and methadone.

目的：探讨乙酰丙嗪、美沙酮和右美托咪定或乙酰丙嗪和美沙酮对七氟醚麻醉犬的镇静和心血管作用。研究设计：随机、盲法、前瞻性临床研究。动物：总共有38只客户拥有的健康狗计划进行选择性手术。方法：将狗随机分为肌前注射乙酰丙嗪（0.01 mg kg-1）、美沙酮（0.3 mg kg-1）、右美托咪定（1.5 μg kg-1）（Ace/D组）和乙酰丙嗪（0.01 mg kg-1）、美沙酮（0.3 mg kg-1）（Ace组）两组。进行观察和麻醉的麻醉师对小组是不知情的。在给药前5分钟、10分钟和15分钟以及术后每小时进行一次镇静评分，直到拔管后30分钟开始出院。麻醉由异丙酚诱导，七氟醚在氧气和空气中维持。每隔5分钟记录体温、心率（HR）、呼吸频率（fR）、直动脉血压、潮末七氟醚、潮末二氧化碳（Pe´CO2）和血氧饱和度。采用Shapiro-Wilk检验评估数据分布的正态性。组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验，有统计学意义（p < 0.05）者计算效应量。结果：Ace/D组狗在用药前10分钟镇静评分显著高于对照组（p = 0.02）。Ace/D组丙泊酚诱导剂量显著降低（p = 0.001）。麻醉期间，Ace/D组狗的Pe´CO2值显著升高（p = 0.03），但两组间血压、HR和fR无显著差异。Ace/D组术中需要芬太尼镇痛的犬明显减少（Ace/D组3只，Ace组9只）（p = 0.04）。结论：低剂量右美托咪定改善了术前镇静和术中镇痛，降低了丙泊酚诱导剂量。

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引用次数: 0

Pharmacokinetics and behavioural effects of a single oral dose of trazodone in rabbits 单次口服曲唑酮在家兔体内的药代动力学和行为效应。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.06.006

Adalaïs Gibert , Ryota Watanabe , Marta Garbin , Tristan Juette , Francis Beaudry , Marion Desmarchelier , Inga-Catalina Cruz Benedetti

Objective

To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single oral dose of trazodone in laboratory rabbits.

Study design

Randomised, blinded, Latin-square study.

Animals

A group of eight healthy, juvenile, female New Zealand White rabbits.

Methods

Auricular venous catheters were placed in six rabbits before oral trazodone (20 mg kg^–1) administration. Blood was sampled immediately before and at 15 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours after treatment. Trazodone plasma concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. A group of eight rabbits were equipped with accelerometers (activity) and video recorded. They randomly received one of three treatments: oral trazodone (20 mg kg^–1; TRAZ), placebo (corn oil base; PLAC) or no treatment (CONTR) with a 3 day washout period between treatments. Exploring, grooming, resting, vigilance, hiding and ingesting behaviours were evaluated for 10 hours (0–2, 2–4, 4–6, 6–8 and 8–10 hours).

Results

Mean maximum plasma concentration, 6592.6 ± 586.5 ng mL^–1, was 0.3 ± 0.11 hours after treatment. Mean half-life was 3.24 ± 0.36 hours and area under the curve from zero to infinity 25,412.5 ± 5420.9 ng mL^–1 hour^–1. Activity was higher in TRAZ and PLAC than CONTR at 0–2 hours, with TRAZ exploring more. Hiding was reduced in TRAZ versus CONTR (0–2 hours and 4–6 hours) and versus PLAC (0–6 hours). Resting increased in TRAZ versus PLAC (2–4 hours) and CONTR (4–6 hours); PLAC rested less at 2–4 hours than at 8–10 hours. Vigilance tended to be lower in TRAZ versus CONTR. Food intake decreased in TRAZ at 2–4 hours. Grooming varied over time.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Trazodone-treated animals showed reduced activity, less hiding and more resting than PLAC and decreased food intake 2–4 hours post-treatment.

目的：评价单次口服曲唑酮在家兔体内的药动学和药效学。研究设计：随机、盲法、拉丁方研究。动物：一群8只健康的幼年雌性新西兰白兔。方法：6只家兔在口服曲唑酮（20mg kg-1）前放置耳静脉导管。在治疗前、15分钟和30分钟以及治疗后1、2、4、8、12、18和24小时采集血样。采用高效液相色谱-质谱法测定曲唑酮血药浓度。一组8只兔子配备了加速度计（活动）并记录了视频。他们随机接受三种治疗中的一种：口服曲唑酮（20 mg kg-1； TRAZ），安慰剂（玉米油基；placc）或不治疗（CONTR），治疗之间有3天的洗脱期。10小时（0-2、2-4、4-6、6-8和8-10小时）评估探索、梳理、休息、警戒、躲藏和摄食行为。结果：治疗后0.3±0.11 h血药浓度平均最高为6592.6±586.5 ng mL-1。平均半衰期为3.24±0.36小时，曲线下面积为25,412.5±5420.9 ng mL-1 hour-1。在0-2小时，TRAZ和placc的活性高于contrr， TRAZ探索更多。与对照组（0-2小时和4-6小时）和对照组（0-6小时）相比，TRAZ组的隐藏程度有所降低。与plac2 -4小时和contr4 -6小时相比，TRAZ的静息时间增加；2-4小时的休息时间少于8-10小时。与对照组相比，TRAZ的警惕性往往较低。在2-4小时内，TRAZ的食物摄入量减少。打扮随着时间的推移而变化。结论及临床意义：治疗后2-4小时，曲唑酮治疗的动物活性降低，躲藏更少，休息时间更长，食物摄入量减少。

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引用次数: 0