Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia最新文献

英文中文

The effect of intravenous hydromorphone alone or in combination with midazolam or dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure in dogs 单用氢吗啡酮或联用咪达唑仑或右美托咪定对犬眼压的影响。

IF 1.4 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.11.001

Elhanan Lehmann , Stephanie A. Pumphrey , Jane C. Lindsey , Lois A. Wetmore

Objective

To evaluate the effect of intravenous (IV) hydromorphone alone or in combination with midazolam or dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure (IOP) in dogs.

Study design

Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover study.

Animals

A group of seven healthy, ophthalmologically normal, adult Beagle dogs.

Methods

A total of four IV drug combinations were evaluated: hydromorphone 0.1 mg kg^–1 (H); hydromorphone 0.1 mg kg^–1 and dexmedetomidine 0.001 mg kg^–1 (HD); hydromorphone 0.1 mg kg^–1 and midazolam 0.2 mg kg^–1 (HM2); and hydromorphone 0.1 mg kg^–1 and midazolam 0.4 mg kg^–1 (HM4). Treatment order was randomized, with a 2 week washout period between treatments. IOP and sedation scores were obtained before (T0) and 3, 30, 60, 240 and 480 minutes after drug injection. To account for repeated measurements for each dog across treatments and time points, mixed models were used to compare IOP at T0 by eye and to describe changes from T0 in IOP (averaged across eyes) and sedation scores.

Results

In treatment H, IOP increased significantly from baseline levels [predicted mean increase of 5.5 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.7–7.3] at T3 (p < 0.001) and 2.7 mmHg (95% CI: 0.9–4.5) at T30 (p = 0.005)]. In treatment HD, mean IOP increased from baseline by 2.3 mmHg (95% CI: 0.5–4.1) at T30 (p = 0.014). In treatment HM2, mean IOP increased by 2.5 mmHg (95% CI: 0.2–4.9) at T30 (p = 0.035). In treatment HM4, IOP did not change significantly from baseline at any time point. Sedation scores over time did not differ significantly between treatments.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Injection of IV hydromorphone alone (0.1 mg kg^–1) caused a transient increase in IOP and might not be appropriate if an acute increase in IOP is undesirable. Addition of dexmedetomidine or midazolam to hydromorphone, at the doses studied, appears to attenuate this increase in IOP.

目的：评价氢吗啡酮单用或联用咪达唑仑、右美托咪定对犬眼压的影响。研究设计：前瞻性、随机、盲法、交叉研究。动物：一组7只健康、眼科正常的成年比格犬。方法：对四种静脉联合用药进行评价：氢吗啡酮0.1 mg kg-1 (H)；氢吗啡酮0.1 mg kg-1，右美托咪定0.001 mg kg-1 (HD)；氢吗啡酮0.1 mg kg-1，咪达唑仑0.2 mg kg-1 (HM2)；氢吗啡酮0.1 mg kg-1，咪达唑仑0.4 mg kg-1 （HM4）。治疗顺序随机化，两次治疗之间有2周的洗脱期。分别于用药前（T0）和注射后3、30、60、240、480 min进行IOP和镇静评分。为了解释每只狗在不同治疗和时间点的重复测量，使用混合模型来比较T0时每只眼睛的IOP，并描述从T0开始IOP（双眼平均）和镇静评分的变化。结果：在H治疗组，IOP较基线水平显著增加[预测T3时平均增加5.5 mmHg[95%可信区间（CI）： 3.7-7.3] (p < 0.001)， T30时平均增加2.7 mmHg (95% CI: 0.9-4.5) (p = 0.005)]。在HD治疗组，T30时平均IOP较基线增加2.3 mmHg (95% CI: 0.5-4.1) （p = 0.014）。在HM2治疗组，T30时平均IOP增加2.5 mmHg (95% CI: 0.2-4.9) （p = 0.035）。在HM4治疗组，IOP在任何时间点与基线相比均无显著变化。镇静评分随时间的变化在两种治疗之间没有显著差异。结论和临床意义：单独静脉注射氢吗啡酮（0.1 mg kg-1）可引起短暂性IOP升高，如果不希望急性IOP升高，则可能不合适。在研究的剂量下，将右美托咪定或咪达唑仑添加到氢吗啡酮中，似乎可以减弱IOP的增加。

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引用次数: 0

Preliminary study of intravenous ketamine infusions for the management of chronic pain in dogs

IF 1.4 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.11.016

L. Fry , J. Rychel , C. Tearney , A. Guedes

引用次数: 0

Characterization of a pig model for critical respiratory depression induced by opioid overdose

IF 1.4 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.11.021

E. Hatschbach , M. Raleigh , D. Hicks , S. Winston , C. Baehr , M. Pravetoni , A. Guedes

引用次数: 0

Effect of oral clonazepam and trazodone on tranquilization in pigs: A randomized, placebo-controlled, masked, cross-over study

IF 1.4 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.11.019

C. Hampton , L. Vanecek , G. Bussieres , C. Smith , Z. Xiaojuan , G. Shanks , R. Seddighi , J. Smith , P. Mulon , S. Kleine

引用次数: 0

The sedative effect of intravenous butorphanol in dogs with intracranial space occupying lesions or indicators of intracranial hypertension 静脉注射丁托啡诺对颅内占位性病变或颅内高压指标犬的镇静作用。

IF 1.4 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.11.006

Emma Sansby , Colin J. Driver , Karla Borland , Imogen Schofield , Joanne Michou

Objective

To determine whether dogs with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-determined intracranial space occupying lesions (MRI-iSOLs) or intracranial hypertension (MRI-ICH) had greater sedation scores and quicker onset of recumbency following premedication with intravenous (IV) butorphanol in comparison with dogs which had normal MRI findings.

Study design

Prospective, observational study.

Animals

A total of 53 dogs presenting for brain MRI were included.

Methods

Each dog was sedated with 0.2 mg kg^–1 butorphanol IV, and the quality of sedation and the onset of recumbency were scored before drug administration and every 5 minutes after IV butorphanol administration for 15 minutes using a modified sedation scale. The maximum sedation score was 18, and onset of recumbency was recorded when a dog lay down without the ability to stand. Each MRI was assessed for the presence or absence of MRI-iSOL and MRI-ICH using T2-weighted sequences. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test or the chi-square test.

Results

Dogs with MRI-iSOL had significantly higher median sedation scores than dogs without MRI-iSOL (12 versus 5, respectively) 15 minutes after butorphanol administration (T15, p < 0.01). A greater number of dogs with MRI-ICH achieved recumbency (n = 9/10; 90%) than those without MRI-ICH (n = 20/43; 46.5%; p = 0.01).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

When intracranial disease is suspected, the administration of butorphanol as a premedicant for anaesthesia could be used to predict the presence of MRI-iSOL and MRI-ICH. If a dog becomes recumbent or has a sedation score > 10 within 15 minutes of butorphanol administration, the animal should be treated with an anaesthesia protocol adapted to the presence of ICH.

目的：研究磁共振成像（MRI）确定的颅内占位性病变（MRI- isols）或颅内高压（MRI- ich）犬在静脉注射布托啡诺后，与MRI正常犬相比，是否有更高的镇静评分和更快的平卧时间。研究设计：前瞻性观察性研究。动物：共包括53只接受脑MRI检查的狗。方法：采用改良的镇静评分法，分别在给药前、静脉注射布托啡诺15分钟后每隔5分钟对镇静质量和平卧时间进行评分。镇静评分最高为18分，当狗躺下而不能站立时，记录平躺的开始。使用t2加权序列评估每台MRI是否存在MRI- isol和MRI- ich。数据分析采用Wilcoxon秩和检验或卡方检验。结果：布托啡诺给药15分钟后，MRI-iSOL组狗的中位镇静评分明显高于未MRI-iSOL组狗（分别为12分和5分）（T15, p < 0.01）。更多的MRI-ICH犬实现了平卧(n = 9/10；90%)比未行MRI-ICH的患者(n = 20/43；46.5%;P = 0.01)。结论及临床意义：当怀疑颅内疾病时，布托啡诺作为麻醉前用药可用于预测MRI-iSOL和MRI-ICH的存在。如果狗在布托啡诺给药15分钟内变得平躺或镇静评分为bbbb10，则应采用适合脑出血存在的麻醉方案。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of acepromazine on the cardiovascular effects of dobutamine in isoflurane-anaesthetised horses premedicated with romifidine 乙丙嗪对异氟醚麻醉马预先注射罗米非定后多巴酚丁胺心血管效应的影响。

IF 1.4 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.10.141

Adrian M. Wong , Mara F. Schier , Giselle Hosgood , Eleanor Drynan , Anthea L. Raisis

Objective

To explore the influence of acepromazine on the cardiovascular effects of dobutamine in isoflurane-anaesthetised horses premedicated with romifidine.

Study design

Prospective randomised clinical trial.

Animals

A total of 18 horses undergoing elective arthroscopy were enrolled, of which 12 horses requiring dobutamine were included.

Methods

Horses were randomised to receive acepromazine 0.02 mg kg^-1 (Group A+) intravenously (IV) or none (Group A-), 35 minutes before anaesthesia. Horses received xylazine 0.2 mg kg^-1 concurrently to facilitate IV access. Horses were premedicated with romifidine 0.08 mg kg^-1, induced with ketamine 2.2 mg kg^-1 and diazepam 0.08 mg kg^-1 IV, and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Dobutamine infusion was commenced when mean arterial pressure (MAP) was < 60 mmHg. Cardiovascular data were collected prior to dobutamine, and at a target MAP of ≥ 70 mmHg. Dobutamine start time from induction, duration and dose to reach target MAP were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Cardiovascular variables were compared using repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc Fisher’s least significant difference test.

Results

Cardiac index (CI) and its percentage change from baseline were significantly higher at target MAP in group A+ [62.0 (49.9–74.2) mL minute^-1 kg^-1; 42.8 (17.0–68.7) %] than in A- [49.5 (39.6–59.5) mL minute^-1 kg^-1; -4.05 (-21.2–13.0) %] (p = 0.049; p = 0.003). Group A+ required significantly earlier dobutamine [20 (18–25) minutes] than group A- [36 (27–60) minutes] (p = 0.02). Group A+ required significantly higher dobutamine dose [1.5 (1–2.5) μg kg^-1 minute^-1] to reach target MAP than group A- [0.5 (0.5–1) μg kg^-1 minute^-1] (p = 0.009).

Conclusion and clinical relevance

Dobutamine significantly increased MAP and CI following pre-anaesthetic acepromazine sedation, in isoflurane-anaesthetised horses premedicated with romifidine. Without acepromazine, dobutamine increased MAP but not CI. Interactions between acepromazine, romifidine and dobutamine on the cardiovascular system should be considered.

目的：探讨乙酰丙嗪对罗米非定预用药异氟醚麻醉马多巴酚丁胺心血管作用的影响。研究设计：前瞻性随机临床试验。动物：共有18匹马接受选择性关节镜检查，其中12匹马需要多巴酚丁胺。方法：马随机分为两组，麻醉前35分钟静脉注射乙酰丙嗪0.02 mg kg-1 （A+组）或不给药（A-组）。马同时给予噻嗪0.2 mg kg-1以方便静脉注射。用罗米非定0.08 mg kg-1预用药，氯胺酮2.2 mg kg-1和地西泮0.08 mg kg-1 IV诱导，异氟烷氧维持。当平均动脉压(MAP) < 60 mmHg时开始输注多巴酚丁胺。在多巴酚丁胺治疗前收集心血管数据，目标MAP≥70 mmHg。采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较多巴酚丁胺诱导起始时间、持续时间和到达MAP目标的剂量。采用重复测量方差分析和事后Fisher最小显著性差异检验比较心血管变量。结果：A+组心脏指数（CI）及其与基线相比的百分比变化明显高于目标MAP [62.0 (49.9-74.2) mL min -1 kg-1；42.8(17.0-68.7) %]比A- 49.5 (39.6-59.5) mL min -1 kg-1；-4.05 (-21.2-13.0) %] (p = 0.049；P = 0.003)。A+组多巴酚丁胺需要量[20 (18-25)min]明显早于A-组[36 (27-60)min] （p = 0.02）。A+组达到MAP目标所需多巴酚丁胺剂量[1.5 (1-2.5)μ kg-1 min -1]显著高于A-组[0.5 (0.5-1)μ kg-1 min -1] （p = 0.009）。结论及临床意义：多巴酚丁胺显著增加异氟醚麻醉马在麻醉前乙酰丙嗪镇静后的MAP和CI。不加乙酰丙嗪时，多巴酚丁胺增加MAP，但不增加CI。应考虑乙酰丙嗪、罗米定和多巴酚丁胺对心血管系统的相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of body positions and postural maneuvers on cardiac output in normovolemic and hypovolemic dogs undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia

IF 1.4 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.11.030

V. Paranjape , J. Araos , J. Cremer , C. Liu

引用次数: 0

Comparison of two intraoperative lidocaine constant rate infusions (CRI) on cardiopulmonary function and quality of recovery in healthy horses maintained with isoflurane and a CRI of dexmedetomidine for arthroscopic surgery

IF 1.4 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.11.022

A. Henderson, A. Valverde, N. Côté, A. Sanchez, R. Johnson, L. Arroyo

引用次数: 0

The effect of midazolam co-induction on cardiorespiratory variables, myoclonus and etomidate dose requirements in healthy cats.

IF 1.4 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.12.009

Samantha M Gieger, Stephanie Cj Keating, Danielle E Strahl-Heldreth, Felipe Martins, Gene Pavlovsky, Patricia M Oba, Kelly S Swanson

Objective: To evaluate dose requirements of etomidate for endotracheal intubation, with or without midazolam co-induction, and to describe induction quality and associated cardiorespiratory variables in healthy cats.

Study design: Randomized prospective experimental study.

Animals: A group of 24 adult neutered cats (17 females, seven males).

Methods: Cats were premedicated with intramuscular butorphanol (0.4 mg kg^-1) and alfaxalone (2 mg kg^-1), and anesthesia was induced with etomidate following midazolam (0.3 mg kg^-1) or physiologic saline (0.06 mL kg^-1) intravenously. Heart rate, respiratory rate (f_R) and arterial blood pressure were measured following premedication, at co-induction, after etomidate administration, and after orotracheal intubation and compared using repeated-measures anova. Pre- and post-etomidate blood samples were assessed for the presence of hemolysis. Etomidate dose requirements and prevalence of myoclonus were compared with Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Fisher's test. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant.

Results: Mean ± standard deviation etomidate doses required for orotracheal intubation were 0.84 ± 0.26 and 1.39 ± 0.33 mg kg^-1 for midazolam and saline co-induction, respectively (p = 0.001). The presence of myoclonus at sedated baseline, co-induction and etomidate was 6/12, 8/12 and 9/12 in the saline group, respectively, and 10/12, 2/12 and 0/12 in the midazolam group. The prevalence of myoclonus was lower in the midazolam group after co-induction and etomidate injection (p = 0.036 and p < 0.001, respectively). Cardiorespiratory variables did not differ between groups at any time point. Compared with baseline, f_R decreased in both groups after etomidate injection and intubation. Hemolysis was observed in all post-etomidate plasma samples.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: Etomidate, with or without midazolam co-induction, provides acceptable cardiovascular function in premedicated healthy cats. Midazolam reduces etomidate requirements for orotracheal intubation and improves induction quality in cats premedicated with intramuscular butorphanol-alfaxalone.

{"title":"The effect of midazolam co-induction on cardiorespiratory variables, myoclonus and etomidate dose requirements in healthy cats.","authors":"Samantha M Gieger, Stephanie Cj Keating, Danielle E Strahl-Heldreth, Felipe Martins, Gene Pavlovsky, Patricia M Oba, Kelly S Swanson","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate dose requirements of etomidate for endotracheal intubation, with or without midazolam co-induction, and to describe induction quality and associated cardiorespiratory variables in healthy cats.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Randomized prospective experimental study.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>A group of 24 adult neutered cats (17 females, seven males).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cats were premedicated with intramuscular butorphanol (0.4 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) and alfaxalone (2 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>), and anesthesia was induced with etomidate following midazolam (0.3 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) or physiologic saline (0.06 mL kg<sup>-1</sup>) intravenously. Heart rate, respiratory rate (f<sub>R</sub>) and arterial blood pressure were measured following premedication, at co-induction, after etomidate administration, and after orotracheal intubation and compared using repeated-measures anova. Pre- and post-etomidate blood samples were assessed for the presence of hemolysis. Etomidate dose requirements and prevalence of myoclonus were compared with Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Fisher's test. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean ± standard deviation etomidate doses required for orotracheal intubation were 0.84 ± 0.26 and 1.39 ± 0.33 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> for midazolam and saline co-induction, respectively (p = 0.001). The presence of myoclonus at sedated baseline, co-induction and etomidate was 6/12, 8/12 and 9/12 in the saline group, respectively, and 10/12, 2/12 and 0/12 in the midazolam group. The prevalence of myoclonus was lower in the midazolam group after co-induction and etomidate injection (p = 0.036 and p < 0.001, respectively). Cardiorespiratory variables did not differ between groups at any time point. Compared with baseline, f<sub>R</sub> decreased in both groups after etomidate injection and intubation. Hemolysis was observed in all post-etomidate plasma samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Etomidate, with or without midazolam co-induction, provides acceptable cardiovascular function in premedicated healthy cats. Midazolam reduces etomidate requirements for orotracheal intubation and improves induction quality in cats premedicated with intramuscular butorphanol-alfaxalone.</p>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of rocuronium in sevoflurane-anesthetized Thoroughbred horses.

IF 1.4 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.12.006

Kazumichi Kodaira, Masashi Kakizaki, Shun-Ichi Nagata, Hirotaka Ode, Atsushi Okano, Norihisa Tamura, Fumiaki Mizobe, Yoshikazu Matsuda, Shinjiro Kurimoto, Hiroko Aida

Objective: To investigate the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of rocuronium administered by bolus injection to sevoflurane-anesthetized horses.

Study design: Prospective, experimental, crossover study.

Animals: Five healthy adult Thoroughbred horses (body mass 368-470 kg, three females and two males).

Methods: Each horse was anesthetized twice with sevoflurane and assigned to be administered rocuronium bromide intravenously: 0.2 mg kg^-1 (R02) or 0.4 mg kg^-1 (R04). There was a minimum 2 week washout period between experiments. During anesthesia, the peroneal nerve was stimulated (train-of-four) and neuromuscular function was assessed with acceleromyography. Plasma rocuronium concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data are presented as mean ± standard deviation and were statistically compared between R02 and R04 with a Student's paired t-test. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: Complete neuromuscular blockade was observed in all horses. The duration of action was significantly shorter for R02 (42.5 ± 11.2 minutes) than for R04 (67.0 ± 17.8 minutes, p = 0.003). Plasma concentrations of rocuronium showed a biphasic elimination pattern. Systemic clearance was significantly higher for R04 (2.12 ± 1.15 mL minute^-1 kg^-1) than for R02 (1.07 ± 0.46 mL minute^-1 kg^-1, p = 0.034). Mean residence time was significantly shorter for R04 (109 ± 73.1 minutes) than for R02 (183 ± 64.6 minutes, p = 0.015).

Conclusions and clinical relevance: Rocuronium induced complete neuromuscular blockade with both R02 and R04, and exhibited a dose-dependent duration of action. Significantly higher systemic clearance and shorter mean residence time for the high dose (R04) were observed compared with the low dose (R02). The prolonged clearance of rocuronium in horses contributed to its extended duration of action in this species.

{"title":"Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of rocuronium in sevoflurane-anesthetized Thoroughbred horses.","authors":"Kazumichi Kodaira, Masashi Kakizaki, Shun-Ichi Nagata, Hirotaka Ode, Atsushi Okano, Norihisa Tamura, Fumiaki Mizobe, Yoshikazu Matsuda, Shinjiro Kurimoto, Hiroko Aida","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of rocuronium administered by bolus injection to sevoflurane-anesthetized horses.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective, experimental, crossover study.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Five healthy adult Thoroughbred horses (body mass 368-470 kg, three females and two males).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Each horse was anesthetized twice with sevoflurane and assigned to be administered rocuronium bromide intravenously: 0.2 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> (R02) or 0.4 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> (R04). There was a minimum 2 week washout period between experiments. During anesthesia, the peroneal nerve was stimulated (train-of-four) and neuromuscular function was assessed with acceleromyography. Plasma rocuronium concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data are presented as mean ± standard deviation and were statistically compared between R02 and R04 with a Student's paired t-test. Significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Complete neuromuscular blockade was observed in all horses. The duration of action was significantly shorter for R02 (42.5 ± 11.2 minutes) than for R04 (67.0 ± 17.8 minutes, p = 0.003). Plasma concentrations of rocuronium showed a biphasic elimination pattern. Systemic clearance was significantly higher for R04 (2.12 ± 1.15 mL minute<sup>-1</sup> kg<sup>-1</sup>) than for R02 (1.07 ± 0.46 mL minute<sup>-1</sup> kg<sup>-1</sup>, p = 0.034). Mean residence time was significantly shorter for R04 (109 ± 73.1 minutes) than for R02 (183 ± 64.6 minutes, p = 0.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Rocuronium induced complete neuromuscular blockade with both R02 and R04, and exhibited a dose-dependent duration of action. Significantly higher systemic clearance and shorter mean residence time for the high dose (R04) were observed compared with the low dose (R02). The prolonged clearance of rocuronium in horses contributed to its extended duration of action in this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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