Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia最新文献_第9页

Response to the Letter to the Editor from authors Dawn Sheppard and Dr Muhammed Aslam Nasir 对作者Dawn Sheppard和muhammad Aslam Nasir博士给编辑的信的回应。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.001

José M. Gómez-Silvestre , Ana García-Fernández , José Ignacio Redondo , María de Los Reyes Marti-Scharhausen , Ariel Cañón , Eva Z. Hernández , Agustín Martínez , David McCallum Neilson , Jaime Viscasillas

引用次数: 0

Misconceptions in this retrospective study: computed tomography assessment of V-Gel Advanced supraglottic airway device placement in cats 本回顾性研究中的误解：计算机断层扫描评估V-Gel高级声门上气道装置在猫中的放置。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.002

Dawn Sheppard, Muhammed A. Nasir

引用次数: 0

A novel extrafascial subscalene brachial plexus block in dogs: reducing hemidiaphragmatic paresis compared with the intrafascial technique 一种新型的筋膜外斜角肌下臂丛阻滞：与筋膜内技术相比，可减轻半膈肌轻瘫。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.011

Santiago E. Fuensalida , Lisa Tarragona , Alfredo Díaz , María Fenranda Sanchez , Ceballos Martin , Pablo A. Donati , Andrea S. Zaccagnini , Samanta Waxman , Christina Montalbano , Vincenzo Rondelli , Diego A. Portela , Pablo E. Otero

Objective

To assess dye solution spread of an ultrasound-guided extrafascial subscalene approach (Esub) to the brachial plexus (BP) in canine cadavers and to compare the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paresis between the Esub and intrafascial subscalene (Isub) approaches in Beagle dogs.

Study design

Descriptive anatomical study (Phase I) and prospective, randomized, blinded, experimental crossover trial (Phase II).

Animals

A total of six canine cadavers and seven adult Beagle dogs.

Methods

Phase I used six adult canine cadavers for anatomical assessment of dye spread after Esub. Phase II involved seven healthy adult Beagle dogs, each receiving Esub and Isub blocks with a 14 day washout in a randomized, crossover design. Both approaches used 0.4 mL kg^–1 of 2% lidocaine. Hemidiaphragmatic paresis was defined as ≥ 25% reduction in hemidiaphragmatic excursion compared with the preprocedural value, while < 25% was classified as no paresis. For the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paresis (a dichotomous variable), exact binomial 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each proportion, and the McNemar test was used for paired comparison. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

In Phase I, dissection confirmed dye accumulation in the lateral layer of the deep cervical fascia along the BP, with no dye in the visceral compartment; the recurrent laryngeal nerve, vagosympathetic trunk, phrenic nerve, and its branches were unstained. In Phase II, the rate of hemidiaphragmatic paresis was 0% (95% CI: 0.3–58%) and 100% (CI 95%: 59–100%) for Esub and Isub approaches, respectively (p = 0.015).

Conclusions

The ultrasound-guided Esub approach successfully confined injectate to the extrafascial plane in cadavers, avoiding spread to the phrenic nerve. In Beagle dogs, Esub significantly reduced the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paresis compared with the Isub approach. Further studies in clinical populations are warranted to confirm these findings and assess long-term outcomes.

目的：评价超声引导下筋膜外斜角肌下入路（Esub）对犬尸体臂丛（BP）的染色液扩散情况，并比较Beagle犬的Esub和筋膜内斜角肌下入路（Isub）半膈肌性瘫的发生率。研究设计：描述性解剖研究（一期）和前瞻性、随机、盲法、实验性交叉试验（二期）。动物：共有6具犬类尸体和7只成年比格犬。方法：第一阶段用6具成年犬尸体对Esub后的染料扩散进行解剖评估。第二阶段采用随机交叉设计，7只健康成年Beagle犬，每只接受Esub和Isub块，洗脱期为14天。两种方法均使用2%利多卡因0.4 mL kg-1。半膈肌轻瘫定义为与术前相比半膈肌偏移减少≥25%，而< 25%归类为无轻瘫。对于半失语性轻瘫（一个二分类变量）的发生率，计算每个比例的精确二项95%置信区间（CIs），并使用McNemar检验进行配对比较。p < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果：ⅰ期解剖证实沿BP颈深筋膜外侧层有染色堆积，内脏隔室未见染色；喉返神经、迷走交感干、膈神经及其分支未见染色。在II期，Esub和Isub入路的半膈肌麻痹率分别为0% （95% CI: 0.3-58%）和100% (CI 95%: 59-100%) （p = 0.015）。结论：超声引导下的Esub入路成功地将注射限制在尸体的筋膜外平面，避免了扩散到膈神经。在Beagle犬中，与Isub入路相比，Esub显著降低了半膈肌轻瘫的发生率。有必要在临床人群中进一步研究以证实这些发现并评估长期结果。

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引用次数: 0

Air-test for assessing gas exchange and the potential benefit of alveolar recruitment manoeuvre in anaesthetized dogs 评估麻醉犬肺泡恢复运动的气体交换和潜在益处的空气试验。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.010

Ignacio Sández , Pablo A. Donati , Diego A. Portela , Joaquín Araos

Objective

To determine the use of Air-Test in ventilated, anaesthetized dogs for evaluating oxygen uptake and to determine its potential utility in guiding the decision to perform an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre (ARM).

Study design

Retrospective cohort study.

Animals

A total of 25 client-owned dogs undergoing general anaesthesia.

Methods

Dogs were included if volume-controlled ventilation was performed, the dogs underwent an Air-Test and reliable haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO₂) readings ≥ 99% with an inspired oxygen fraction (FiO₂) 0.5 were available. Exclusion criteria included laparoscopic surgery, patient–ventilator asynchrony or haemodynamic instability. The Air-Test consisted of a reduction in FiO₂ to 0.21 for 4 minutes while monitoring SpO₂. A positive Air-Test result was defined as SpO₂ < 96% during this period. Positive cases underwent sustained inflation ARMs with adjustments to positive end-expiratory pressure. Haemodynamic variables, gas exchange and static compliance (C_st) were recorded pre-Air-Test, PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio was calculated offline. Data from dogs with positive and negative Air-Test results were compared and they are shown as mean ± standard deviation; p < 0.05.

Results

Of 835 records, 25 met the inclusion criteria. Positive Air-Tests occurred in 10 dogs (40%) and negative in 15 (60%). The baseline PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio was 364 ± 39.6 mmHg (48.4 ± 5.1 kPa) and 510 ± 65 mmHg (67.8 ± 8.6 kPa) in the Air-Test-positive and -negative animals, respectively (p < 0.001). The C_st and PaO₂/FiO₂ increased significantly after ARM in Air-Test-positive dogs (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). No differences were observed in the remaining variables.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

A positive Air-Test was associated with a lower PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio and in these dogs, an ARM was associated with increased C_st and PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, indicating the potential of this noninvasive technique for assessing oxygenation and monitoring changes in response to ARM in mechanically ventilated dogs.

目的：确定在通气、麻醉犬中使用Air-Test来评估摄氧量，并确定其在指导决定进行肺泡恢复运动（ARM）方面的潜在效用。研究设计：回顾性队列研究。动物：共有25只客户拥有的狗接受全身麻醉。方法：采用容积控制通气的犬入组，进行空气测试，获得可靠的血红蛋白氧饱和度(SpO2)≥99%，吸入氧分数（FiO2） 0.5。排除标准包括腹腔镜手术、患者-呼吸机不同步或血流动力学不稳定。空气测试包括在监测SpO2的同时将FiO2降低到0.21，持续4分钟。在此期间，空气测试结果为阳性，SpO2 < 96%。阳性病例接受持续的通货膨胀ARMs并调整呼气末正压。记录血液动力学变量、气体交换和静态顺应性（Cst），离线计算PaO2/FiO2比值。对空气测试阳性和阴性犬的数据进行比较，以均数±标准差表示；P < 0.05。结果：835例中，25例符合纳入标准。空气试验阳性10只（40%），阴性15只（60%）。air - test阳性和阴性动物PaO2/FiO2基线比值分别为364±39.6 mmHg（48.4±5.1 kPa）和510±65 mmHg(67.8±8.6 kPa) （p < 0.001）。air - test阳性犬在ARM后Cst和PaO2/FiO2显著升高（p < 0.001和p = 0.02）。其余变量未见差异。结论和临床意义：Air-Test阳性与较低的PaO2/FiO2比值相关，在这些狗中，ARM与Cst和PaO2/FiO2比值升高相关，表明这种无创技术在机械通气犬中评估氧合和监测ARM反应变化的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Blind digital orotracheal intubation in two dogs with difficult glottis visualization 盲指口气管插管治疗两只声门显像困难的狗。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.009

Hyunseok Kim , Won-gyun Son , Inhyung Lee

This report describes two cases of dogs in which a blind digital intubation technique was successfully used to manage difficult airways. A 9-year-old, 4.9 kg castrated male Poodle dog with history of cough and submandibular subcutaneous mass and a 13-year-old, 5.7 kg castrated male Poodle dog with dyspnoea and stridor were referred for computed tomography. In both dogs, a mass obstructing the glottis was identified following induction of anaesthesia, rendering it impossible to visualize the airway with laryngoscope use. Oxygen supplementation by face mask was ineffective and hypoxaemia worsened during repeated attempts to secure the airway. To facilitate digital intubation, the operator’s nondominant index finger was introduced into the mouth, displacing the mass to access the epiglottis and palpate the glottis. The endotracheal tube was then inserted into the trachea with digital guidance, resulting in successfully secured airways in both dogs. Digitally facilitated intubation has not been described in detail or studied in small animal practice, although the technique is performed in larger animal species and in human medicine. As digital palpation provides tactile perception of key structures, blind digital intubation can be a valuable approach to facilitate intubation in dogs when direct visualization is obscured and endoscopy equipment not readily available.

本报告描述了两个案例，其中盲数字插管技术被成功地用于管理困难的气道。1例9岁4.9公斤阉割雄性贵宾犬，有咳嗽和下颌下皮下肿块病史；1例13岁5.7公斤阉割雄性贵宾犬，有呼吸困难和喘声。在这两只狗中，在麻醉诱导后发现了一个阻塞声门的肿块，使得使用喉镜无法看到气道。面罩补充氧气无效，在多次尝试保护气道时低氧血症恶化。为了方便手指插管，将操作者的非优势食指引入口腔，将肿块移位至会厌并触诊声门。然后在数字引导下将气管内管插入气管，成功地固定了两只狗的气道。数字辅助插管尚未在小动物实践中详细描述或研究，尽管该技术在大型动物物种和人类医学中进行。由于数字触诊提供了关键结构的触觉感知，当直接可视化模糊且内窥镜设备不容易获得时，盲式数字插管可以成为方便狗插管的一种有价值的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of approach, volume and morphometry on dye spread to the quadratus lumborum plane in canine cadavers 入路、体积和形态学对犬腰方肌平面染料扩散的影响。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.007

Marco Aurélio Camargo Fontanela , Marina Moresco , Gilberto Serighelli-Júnior , Marcello Machado , Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira , Juan Carlos Duque Moreno

Objective

To compare dye spread after injection in the quadratus lumborum plane (QLP) via transmuscular and lateral approaches with different volumes in canine cadavers.

Study design

Cadaveric, experimental, prospective study.

Animals

A group of 58 canine cadavers.

Methods

Cadavers were classified by body mass as small (S, < 10 kg), medium (M, 10–20 kg) or large (L, > 20 kg). Morphometric data (mass, body condition score, axial length, abdominal and thoracic circumference) were recorded. Ultrasound-guided QLP injections with 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 mL kg^–1 of 0.1% methylene blue were performed via transmuscular or lateral approaches on both hemiabdomens. Craniocaudal and dorsoventral dye spread, the number of stained ventral branches of thoracolumbar spinal nerves (VBSNs) and whether the sympathetic trunk was stained were evaluated. Technique and dissection times, along with visibility scores for reference structures, needle and the injected solution within the QLP were recorded. Statistical analysis included two-way analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis, Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests, with significance set at p < 0.050.

Results

Morphometric variables influenced only the craniocaudal spread (p < 0.001). Craniocaudal spread did not differ significantly between approaches (p = 0.766) but was significantly influenced by volume (p < 0.002). However, greater craniocaudal spread did not result in an increased number of stained VBSNs (p = 0.488). The number of VBSNs stained was lower with 0.15 mL kg^–1 (p < 0.013), with no differences observed between 0.3 and 0.6 mL kg^–1 (p = 0.488). The most frequently stained VBSNs were L2, L3 and L1, in that order.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

There were no significant differences in dye spread between transmuscular and lateral approaches. Injectate volume affects spread, but volumes > 0.3 mL kg^–1 do not increase the number of stained VBSNs. Morphometric variables do not affect the number of stained VBSNs.

目的：比较不同体积犬腰方肌入路和外侧入路注射后染料在腰方肌平面的扩散情况。研究设计：尸体性、实验性、前瞻性研究。动物：一组58具狗的尸体。方法：将尸体按体重分为小（S, < 10 kg）、中（M, 10 ~ 20 kg）、大（L, bb0 ~ 20 kg）。记录形态计量学数据（体重、身体状况评分、轴长、胸腹围）。超声引导下，经肌肉或外侧入路在双半腹注射0.1%亚甲基蓝0.15、0.3和0.6 mL kg-1的QLP。观察脑侧和背腹侧染色扩散、胸腰段脊神经腹侧支染色数量及交感神经干染色情况。记录技术和解剖时间，以及参考结构、针头和QLP内注射溶液的可见性评分。统计分析采用双向方差分析、Kruskal-Wallis检验、Pearson相关检验和多元回归检验，显著性p < 0.050。结果：形态计量学变量仅影响颅足部扩散（p < 0.001）。不同入路间颅-掌部扩散无显著差异（p = 0.766），但受容积影响显著（p < 0.002）。然而，更大的颅趾扩散并没有导致VBSNs染色数量的增加（p = 0.488）。在0.15 mL kg-1时，染色的VBSNs数量较低（p < 0.013）， 0.3 mL kg-1与0.6 mL kg-1无差异（p = 0.488）。最常染色的vbsn依次为L2、L3和L1。结论及临床意义：经肌入路和外侧入路在染料扩散方面无显著差异。注射体积影响扩散，但体积> 0.3 mL kg-1不增加染色的vbsn数量。形态学变量不影响染色的vbsn数量。

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引用次数: 0

Ephedrine overdose in a cat 猫体内麻黄碱过量。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.008

Matthew Gurney, Elspeth Lederer, Tristan Merlin

引用次数: 0

Repeated balanced anesthesia in a juvenile sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) for diagnostic imaging and orthopedic interventions in a hospital setting 反复平衡麻醉的幼貂羚羊（黑斑羚）诊断成像和矫形干预在医院设置。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.006

Chelsea Conner , Mauricio L. Lepiz , Courtney Baetge , Alexis Fichtel , Kati G. Glass , Keila K. Ida

The drug protocol and complications of 10 episodes of balanced anesthesia over 50 days for diagnostic imaging and orthopedic procedures in a captive female sable antelope are described. The antelope was initially admitted for lameness assessment of the right thoracic limb and admitted a second time for further lameness evaluation (right thoracic and pelvic limbs). Age and body weight ranged 5–6 months and 40–47 kg, respectively, between admissions. For the first anesthetic (day 1), after 4–6 hours of fasting (free access to water), the antelope was administered intramuscular medetomidine–vatinoxan (0.02 mg kg^–1), midazolam (0.3 mg kg^–1), ketamine (2 mg kg^–1) and butorphanol (0.2 mg kg^–1). Orotracheal intubation was performed 13 minutes after injection and followed by 45 minutes of sevoflurane (approximately 1% expired concentration; Fe′Sevo). Naloxone, atipamezole and flumazenil were administered to hasten recovery. For the nine additional anesthetics (days 35–50), intravenous premedication [midazolam (0.1–0.2 mg kg^–1), combined with butorphanol (0.17 mg kg^–1) for the second anesthetic] and anesthetic induction [ketamine (1.7–3.0 mg kg^–1) and propofol (0.7–2.7 mg kg^–1)] were followed by sevoflurane for maintenance (Fe′Sevo 1.22–2.17% for 40–90 minutes), delivered through an endotracheal tube (8.0–8.5 mm internal diameter). Tracheal extubation was performed 3–18 minutes after sevoflurane discontinuation. Morphine (0.1–0.2 mg kg^–1) and saline (6–10 mL) were injected once daily through an epidural catheter (days 38–47). Complications during anesthesia included hypercapnia (10/10 anesthetics), hypothermia (9/10), hypotension (8/10), hypoglycemia (1/10), ruminal tympany (1/10) and regurgitation (1/10). Owing to the lack of response to treatment and grave prognosis, euthanasia was performed. Postmortem findings included chronic-active fibrinosuppurative polyarthritis of the right femoropatellar and metacarpophalangeal joints, necrosuppurative pyelitis and laryngeal petechiation. This case is described as a resource for anesthesia of juvenile antelopes in a hospital setting.

本文描述了一只圈养雌性黑貂羚羊在50天内进行诊断成像和矫形手术的10次平衡麻醉的药物方案和并发症。羚羊最初因右胸肢跛行评估而入院，第二次入院进一步跛行评估（右胸肢和骨盆肢）。入院期间年龄和体重分别为5-6个月和40-47公斤。第一次麻醉（第1天），在禁食（自由饮水）4-6小时后，羚羊肌肉注射美托咪定-瓦替诺散（0.02 mg kg-1）、咪达唑仑（0.3 mg kg-1）、氯胺酮（2 mg kg-1）和丁托啡诺（0.2 mg kg-1）。注射后13分钟进行气管插管，随后给予七氟醚45分钟(约1%过期浓度；菲'Sevo)。给予纳洛酮、阿替帕唑和氟马西尼以加速恢复。另外9种麻醉（d 35-50），静脉预用药[咪达唑仑（0.1-0.2 mg kg-1）联合布托啡诺（0.17 mg kg-1）作为第二种麻醉]和麻醉诱导[氯胺酮（1.7-3.0 mg kg-1）和异丙酚（0.7-2.7 mg kg-1）]后，七氟醚维持（Fe'Sevo 1.22-2.17%，持续40-90分钟），经气管插管（8.0-8.5 mm内径）给药。七氟醚停药后3-18分钟拔管。吗啡（0.1 ~ 0.2 mg kg-1）和生理盐水（6 ~ 10 mL）经硬膜外导管每日注射1次（第38 ~ 47天）。麻醉期间的并发症包括高碳酸血症（10/10麻药）、低体温（9/10）、低血压（8/10）、低血糖（1/10）、瘤胃鼓室（1/10）和反流（1/10）。由于治疗效果不佳且预后不佳，我们选择了安乐死。尸检结果包括右股髌骨和跖指关节慢性活动性纤维化脓性多发性关节炎，坏死性化脓性肾盂炎和喉点。这个案例被描述为在医院设置麻醉的幼羚羊资源。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of ketamine on the minimum anesthetic concentration of isoflurane in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) 氯胺酮对鸡异氟醚最低麻醉浓度的影响。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.005

André Escobar , Brighton T. Dzikiti , Kurt Roman , Alexandria Rogers , Jill K. Maney

Objective

To assess the effects of two continuous intravenous (IV) infusion dose rates of ketamine on the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in chickens.

Study design

Prospective, randomized, blinded, experimental crossover design.

Animals

A group of eight adult ISA Brown hens weighing 2.1 ± 0.19 kg.

Methods

Anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen and chickens were mechanically ventilated. Body temperature and partial pressure of end-expired carbon dioxide were maintained between 40 and 41 °C and 30 and 40 mmHg (4–5.3 kPa). Isoflurane MAC was determined using electrical stimulation and the bracketing technique. Subsequently, a bolus of low (LD) or high (HD) dose ketamine (5 or 10 mg kg⁻¹ IV) was injected into the brachial vein followed by a constant rate IV infusion (5 or 10 mg kg⁻¹ hour⁻¹, respectively), with a 1 week washout period between treatments. Isoflurane MAC was determined again approximately 1.5 (T1.5) and 3 hours (T3) after bolus injections. Adverse events and time to extubation were recorded. Data analyses consisted of a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MAC data).

Results

Isoflurane MAC was 1.51 ± 0.18% (mean ± standard deviation). Isoflurane MAC at T1.5 and T3 was 1.45 ± 0.16% and 1.53 ± 0.15% (LD) and 1.42 ± 0.24% and 1.46 ± 0.23% (HD). Isoflurane MAC values during LD [(T1.5) p = 0.857 and (T3) p = 0.995] and HD [(T1.5) p = 0.797 and (T3) p = 0.974] ketamine infusion were not different from baseline. Extubation times after isoflurane discontinuation was 12 ± 9 minutes for the LD and 14 ± 5 minutes for the HD treatment. Overall, four animals (both treatments) developed an obstructive mucous plug in the endotracheal tube.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Ketamine did not change isoflurane MAC in chickens. Chickens anesthetized with isoflurane and ketamine should be monitored for endotracheal tube obstruction.

目的：探讨氯胺酮连续两次静脉注射剂量率对鸡异氟醚最低麻醉浓度（MAC）的影响。研究设计：前瞻性、随机、盲法、实验交叉设计。动物：一组8只成年ISA褐鸡，体重2.1±0.19公斤。方法：异氟醚诱导麻醉并维持麻醉，机械通气。体温和呼气末二氧化碳分压分别维持在40 ~ 41℃和30 ~ 40 mmHg （4 ~ 5.3 kPa）之间。采用电刺激法和包套法测定异氟醚的MAC。随后，将低（LD）或高（HD）剂量氯胺酮（5或10 mg kg-1 IV）注射到肱静脉，然后进行等速静脉输注（分别为5或10 mg kg-1小时-1），两次治疗之间有1周的洗脱期。异氟烷MAC在注射后约1.5 （T1.5）和3小时（T3）再次测定。记录不良事件及拔管时间。数据分析包括重复测量的混合效应模型（MAC数据）。结果：异氟烷MAC为1.51±0.18%（平均值±标准差）。T1.5和T3时异氟烷MAC分别为1.45±0.16%和1.53±0.15% （LD）和1.42±0.24%和1.46±0.23% （HD）。在LD [(T1.5) p = 0.857, (T3) p = 0.995]和HD [(T1.5) p = 0.797, (T3) p = 0.974]输注氯胺酮期间异氟烷MAC值与基线无差异。异氟醚停药后，LD拔管时间为12±9分钟，HD为14±5分钟。总的来说，4只动物（两种治疗方法）在气管内管中出现了阻塞性粘液堵塞。结论及临床意义：氯胺酮对鸡异氟醚MAC无影响。用异氟醚和氯胺酮麻醉的鸡应监测气管内管阻塞情况。

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引用次数: 0

Radiation exposure during ultrasound- and fluoroscopy-guided spinal interventional pain management procedures in dogs: a retrospective analysis in a single institution 在超声和透视引导下犬脊柱介入疼痛管理过程中的辐射暴露：单一机构的回顾性分析。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.004

Roger Medina-Serra , Eliseo Belda , Patricia López-Abradelo , Aurora Zoff , Sandra Sanchís-Mora

Objective

To quantify C-arm–registered radiation exposure during ultrasound- and fluoroscopy-guided spinal interventional pain management in dogs, and to measure operator-based radiation levels to identify discrepancies between delivered and received dose.

Study design

A retrospective observational study.

Animals

A total of 82 canine spinal interventional pain management procedures performed at a single referral institution.

Methods

Radiation data [dose–area product (Gy·cm²) and absorbed dose (mGy)] were collected from a mobile C-arm fluoroscopy system for procedures conducted from September 2020 to August 2024. Effective dose (mSv) was calculated using a standard conversion factor applied to dose–area product (Gy·cm²). Operator exposure was monitored via thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) placed at chest level and at the C-arm arc. TLD readings were retrieved quarterly through the Public Health England/UK Health Security Agency databases. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess normality, and data were expressed as median (minimum–maximum) or mean ± standard deviation, as appropriate.

Results

The median absorbed dose for all spinal interventions was 3.97 (0.07–25.8) mGy. The corresponding median dose–area product and effective dose was 0.63 (0.01–4.12) Gy·cm² and 0.15 (0.002–0.95) mSv, respectively. Procedural radiation exposure lay near the lower end of reported human ranges and operator TLD readings remained below detection thresholds despite cumulative procedural doses exceeding these levels.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Ultrasound- and fluoroscopy-guided spinal interventional pain management in dogs resulted in relatively low radiation exposure levels for both animals and operators. Incorporating ultrasound aligns with the ‘as low as reasonably achievable’ principle, helping reduce fluoroscopy time and associated risks. These findings support the development of targeted radiation safety protocols for veterinary interventional procedures and underscore the importance of continued operator training and dosimetry monitoring.

目的：量化超声和透视引导下犬脊柱介入性疼痛治疗期间c臂记录的辐射暴露，并测量操作人员的辐射水平，以确定传递剂量和接收剂量之间的差异。研究设计：回顾性观察性研究。动物：在单一转诊机构共进行了82例犬脊柱介入疼痛管理手术。方法：收集2020年9月至2024年8月在移动c臂透视系统中进行手术的辐射数据[剂量面积积（Gy·cm2）和吸收剂量（mGy）]。有效剂量（mSv）是通过应用于剂量面积积（Gy·cm2）的标准转换因子计算的。通过放置在胸部和c臂弧线处的热释光剂量计（tld）监测操作人员的暴露情况。TLD读数每季度通过英国公共卫生部/英国卫生安全局数据库检索一次。采用Shapiro-Wilk检验评估正态性，数据以中位数（最小-最大）或平均值±标准差（视情况而定）表示。结果：所有脊柱干预的中位吸收剂量为3.97 (0.07-25.8)mGy。相应的中位剂量面积积和有效剂量分别为0.63 (0.01-4.12)Gy·cm2和0.15 (0.002-0.95)mSv。程序性辐射暴露接近报告的人体范围的下限，尽管累积程序性剂量超过这些水平，但操作人员的TLD读数仍低于检测阈值。结论和临床意义：超声和透视引导下的犬脊柱介入疼痛治疗对动物和操作人员的辐射暴露水平都相对较低。结合超声符合“尽可能低”的原则，有助于减少透视时间和相关风险。这些发现支持了兽医介入手术的靶向辐射安全规程的制定，并强调了持续对操作人员进行培训和剂量学监测的重要性。

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