Offshore wind power plays a crucial role in energy strategies. The results of traditional small-scale physical models may be unreliable when extrapolated to large field scales. This study addressed this limitation by conducting large-scale (1:13) experiments to investigate the scour hole pattern and equilibrium scour depth around both slender and large monopiles under irregular waves. The experiments adopted Keulegan–Carpenter number (NKC) values from 1.01 to 8.89 and diffraction parameter (D/L, where D is the diameter of the monopile, and L is the wave length) values from 0.016 to 0.056. The results showed that changes in the maximum scour location and scour hole shape around a slender monopile were associated with NKC, with differences observed between irregular and regular waves. Improving the calculation of NKC enhanced the accuracy of existing scour formulae under irregular waves. The maximum scour locations around a large monopile were consistently found on both sides, regardless of NKC and D/L, but the scour hole topography was influenced by both parameters. Notably, the scour range around a large monopile was at least as large as the monopile diameter.
{"title":"Large-scale experimental study on scour around both slender and large monopiles under irregular waves","authors":"En-yu Gong , Song-gui Chen , Xin Chen , Da-wei Guan , Jin-hai Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Offshore wind power plays a crucial role in energy strategies. The results of traditional small-scale physical models may be unreliable when extrapolated to large field scales. This study addressed this limitation by conducting large-scale (1:13) experiments to investigate the scour hole pattern and equilibrium scour depth around both slender and large monopiles under irregular waves. The experiments adopted Keulegan–Carpenter number (<em>N</em><sub>KC</sub>) values from 1.01 to 8.89 and diffraction parameter (<em>D</em>/<em>L</em>, where <em>D</em> is the diameter of the monopile, and <em>L</em> is the wave length) values from 0.016 to 0.056. The results showed that changes in the maximum scour location and scour hole shape around a slender monopile were associated with <em>N</em><sub>KC</sub>, with differences observed between irregular and regular waves. Improving the calculation of <em>N</em><sub>KC</sub> enhanced the accuracy of existing scour formulae under irregular waves. The maximum scour locations around a large monopile were consistently found on both sides, regardless of <em>N</em><sub>KC</sub> and <em>D</em>/<em>L</em>, but the scour hole topography was influenced by both parameters. Notably, the scour range around a large monopile was at least as large as the monopile diameter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 369-377"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-15DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.007
Ke Zhang , Zhi-lin Li , Wu-zhi Shi , Ran Tao , Xu Yang , Yi-ming Huang
Understanding the evolution and lag effects of droughts is critical to effective drought warning and water resources management. However, due to limited hydrological data, few studies have examined hydrological droughts and their lag time from meteorological droughts at a daily scale. In this study, precipitation data were collected to calculate the standardized precipitation index (SPI), and runoff data simulated by the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model were utilized to compute the standardized runoff index (SRI). The three-threshold run theory was used to identify drought characteristics in China. These drought characteristics were utilized to investigate spatiotemporal variations, seasonal trends, and temporal changes in areas affected by meteorological and hydrological droughts. Additionally, the interconnections and lag effects between meteorological and hydrological droughts were explored. The results indicated that (1) drought occurred during approximately 28% of the past 34 years in China; (2) drought conditions tended to worsen in autumn and weaken in winter; (3) drought-affected areas shifted from northwest to northeast and finally to southern China; and (4) the correlation between meteorological and hydrological droughts was lower in the northwest and higher in the southeast, with all correlation coefficients exceeding 0.7. The lag times between meteorological and hydrological droughts were longest (5 d) in the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Hai River basins, and shortest (0 d) in the Tarim River Basin. This study provides a scientific basis for effective early warning of droughts.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal changes and interconnections between meteorological and hydrological droughts in China over past 34 years","authors":"Ke Zhang , Zhi-lin Li , Wu-zhi Shi , Ran Tao , Xu Yang , Yi-ming Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the evolution and lag effects of droughts is critical to effective drought warning and water resources management. However, due to limited hydrological data, few studies have examined hydrological droughts and their lag time from meteorological droughts at a daily scale. In this study, precipitation data were collected to calculate the standardized precipitation index (SPI), and runoff data simulated by the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model were utilized to compute the standardized runoff index (SRI). The three-threshold run theory was used to identify drought characteristics in China. These drought characteristics were utilized to investigate spatiotemporal variations, seasonal trends, and temporal changes in areas affected by meteorological and hydrological droughts. Additionally, the interconnections and lag effects between meteorological and hydrological droughts were explored. The results indicated that (1) drought occurred during approximately 28% of the past 34 years in China; (2) drought conditions tended to worsen in autumn and weaken in winter; (3) drought-affected areas shifted from northwest to northeast and finally to southern China; and (4) the correlation between meteorological and hydrological droughts was lower in the northwest and higher in the southeast, with all correlation coefficients exceeding 0.7. The lag times between meteorological and hydrological droughts were longest (5 d) in the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Hai River basins, and shortest (0 d) in the Tarim River Basin. This study provides a scientific basis for effective early warning of droughts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 274-287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-15DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.005
Davide Palma , Kevin U. Antela , Alessandra Bianco Prevot , M. Luisa Cervera , Angel Morales-Rubio , Roberto Sáez-Hernández
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a revolutionizing problem-solver across various domains, including scientific research. Its application to chemical processes holds remarkable potential for rapid optimization of protocols and methods. A notable application of AI is in the photo-Fenton degradation of organic compounds. Despite the high novelty and recent surge of interest in this area, a comprehensive synthesis of existing literature on AI applications in the photo-Fenton process is lacking. This review aims to bridge this gap by providing an in-depth summary of the state-of-the-art use of artificial neural networks (ANN) in the photo-Fenton process, with the goal of aiding researchers in the water treatment field to identify the most crucial and relevant variables. It examines the types and architectures of ANNs, input and output variables, and the efficiency of these networks. The findings reveal a rapidly expanding field with increasing publications highlighting AI's potential to optimize the photo-Fenton process. This review also discusses the benefits and drawbacks of using ANNs, emphasizing the need for further research to advance this promising area.
{"title":"Artificial neural networks applied to photo-Fenton process: An innovative approach to wastewater treatment","authors":"Davide Palma , Kevin U. Antela , Alessandra Bianco Prevot , M. Luisa Cervera , Angel Morales-Rubio , Roberto Sáez-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is a revolutionizing problem-solver across various domains, including scientific research. Its application to chemical processes holds remarkable potential for rapid optimization of protocols and methods. A notable application of AI is in the photo-Fenton degradation of organic compounds. Despite the high novelty and recent surge of interest in this area, a comprehensive synthesis of existing literature on AI applications in the photo-Fenton process is lacking. This review aims to bridge this gap by providing an in-depth summary of the state-of-the-art use of artificial neural networks (ANN) in the photo-Fenton process, with the goal of aiding researchers in the water treatment field to identify the most crucial and relevant variables. It examines the types and architectures of ANNs, input and output variables, and the efficiency of these networks. The findings reveal a rapidly expanding field with increasing publications highlighting AI's potential to optimize the photo-Fenton process. This review also discusses the benefits and drawbacks of using ANNs, emphasizing the need for further research to advance this promising area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 324-334"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-15DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.006
Rair Solis Jacome , Thomaz Anchieta , Bruno M. Brentan , Manuel Herrera , Xitlali Delgado Galvan , Jose Antonio Arciniega Nevarez , Jesus Mora Rodriguez
As urban areas expand and water demand intensifies, the need for efficient and reliable water distribution systems becomes increasingly critical. A widely used infrastructure management approach involves partitioning water distribution networks (WDNs) into district metered areas (DMAs). However, suboptimal designs of DMA partitioning can lead to inefficiencies and increased costs. This study presents a core-periphery-informed approach for DMA design that explicitly utilises the natural division between a densely connected core and a sparsely connected periphery. Incorporating this structural framework enhances network resilience, improves water pressure stability, and optimises boundary device placement. The proposed core-periphery-informed DMA design integrates hydraulic and topological analyses to identify central and peripheral network areas, applies a community structure detection algorithm conditioned by these areas, and uses an optimisation model to determine the optimal placement of boundary devices, enhancing network resilience and reducing costs. When applied to the Modena WDN in Italy, this approach demonstrates improved pressure stability and significant cost reductions compared to traditional methods. Overall, the findings highlight the practical benefits of the core-periphery-based DMA design, offering a scalable and data-driven solution for urban water distribution systems.
{"title":"Core-periphery structure for district metered area partitioning in urban water distribution systems","authors":"Rair Solis Jacome , Thomaz Anchieta , Bruno M. Brentan , Manuel Herrera , Xitlali Delgado Galvan , Jose Antonio Arciniega Nevarez , Jesus Mora Rodriguez","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As urban areas expand and water demand intensifies, the need for efficient and reliable water distribution systems becomes increasingly critical. A widely used infrastructure management approach involves partitioning water distribution networks (WDNs) into district metered areas (DMAs). However, suboptimal designs of DMA partitioning can lead to inefficiencies and increased costs. This study presents a core-periphery-informed approach for DMA design that explicitly utilises the natural division between a densely connected core and a sparsely connected periphery. Incorporating this structural framework enhances network resilience, improves water pressure stability, and optimises boundary device placement. The proposed core-periphery-informed DMA design integrates hydraulic and topological analyses to identify central and peripheral network areas, applies a community structure detection algorithm conditioned by these areas, and uses an optimisation model to determine the optimal placement of boundary devices, enhancing network resilience and reducing costs. When applied to the Modena WDN in Italy, this approach demonstrates improved pressure stability and significant cost reductions compared to traditional methods. Overall, the findings highlight the practical benefits of the core-periphery-based DMA design, offering a scalable and data-driven solution for urban water distribution systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 262-273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.004
Limin Teng , Takahiro Watari , Mami Nagai , Nur Adlin , Penpicha Satanwat , Masashi Hatamoto , Takashi Yamaguchi
Maintaining low nitrate concentrations in aquaponic systems is crucial for improving water quality and maximizing the growth efficiency of fish and vegetables. Downflow hanging sponge (DHS) and upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactors have shown potential for wastewater treatment, but their use in aquaponic systems is relatively underexplored, particularly for overall performance and efficiency. In this study, a DHS reactor was coupled with a denitrifying USB reactor in an aquaponic system comprising Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC). The USB reactor achieved a nitrate removal rate of 80.8% ± 20.5%. The specific growth rate of tilapia was 6.11% per day from day 16 to day 30. On day 45, kale growth achieved stem lengths of (4.1 ± 1.2) cm, root lengths of (12.2 ± 6.0) cm, and leaf counts of (6.3 ± 2.0) leaves per plant. Changes in the microbial communities within the reactors positively contributed to denitrification, resulting in a nitrogen utilization efficiency of 88.3%. The DHS–USB aquaponic system effectively maintained optimal water quality and stable parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature). It regulated ammonia levels well and achieved 80.8% ± 20.5% removal rates for nitrite and nitrate after day 10. Microbial analysis highlighted significant shifts in the microbial communities within the DHS and USB reactors, underscoring their critical roles in nitrification and denitrification. Therefore, the DHS–USB aquatic system has the potential to improve agricultural production efficiency and promote sustainable development.
在水培系统中保持低硝酸盐浓度对改善水质和最大限度地提高鱼和蔬菜的生长效率至关重要。下流悬挂海绵反应器（DHS）和上流污泥毯反应器（USB）已经显示出废水处理的潜力，但它们在水共生系统中的应用相对来说还没有得到充分的探索，特别是在整体性能和效率方面。在本研究中，在尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）和甘蓝（Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC）组成的水共生系统中，将DHS反应器与反硝化USB反应器耦合。USB反应器的硝酸盐去除率为80.8%±20.5%。第16 ~ 30天罗非鱼的特定生长率为6.11% / d。第45天，羽衣甘蓝的茎长为（4.1±1.2）cm，根长为（12.2±6.0）cm，单株叶片数为（6.3±2.0）片。反应器内微生物群落的变化对反硝化有积极的促进作用，氮利用效率为88.3%。DHS-USB水培系统有效地保持了最佳水质和稳定的参数（pH、溶解氧和温度）。对氨氮有较好的调节作用，第10天对亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的去除率达到80.8%±20.5%。微生物分析强调了DHS和USB反应器内微生物群落的显著变化，强调了它们在硝化和反硝化中的关键作用。因此，DHS-USB水产系统具有提高农业生产效率、促进可持续发展的潜力。
{"title":"Performance evaluation of downflow hanging sponge–upflow sludge blanket system for Oreochromis niloticus–Brassica oleracea aquaponic system","authors":"Limin Teng , Takahiro Watari , Mami Nagai , Nur Adlin , Penpicha Satanwat , Masashi Hatamoto , Takashi Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maintaining low nitrate concentrations in aquaponic systems is crucial for improving water quality and maximizing the growth efficiency of fish and vegetables. Downflow hanging sponge (DHS) and upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactors have shown potential for wastewater treatment, but their use in aquaponic systems is relatively underexplored, particularly for overall performance and efficiency. In this study, a DHS reactor was coupled with a denitrifying USB reactor in an aquaponic system comprising Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) and kale (<em>Brassica oleracea</em> L. var. <em>acephala</em> DC). The USB reactor achieved a nitrate removal rate of 80.8% ± 20.5%. The specific growth rate of tilapia was 6.11% per day from day 16 to day 30. On day 45, kale growth achieved stem lengths of (4.1 ± 1.2) cm, root lengths of (12.2 ± 6.0) cm, and leaf counts of (6.3 ± 2.0) leaves per plant. Changes in the microbial communities within the reactors positively contributed to denitrification, resulting in a nitrogen utilization efficiency of 88.3%. The DHS–USB aquaponic system effectively maintained optimal water quality and stable parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature). It regulated ammonia levels well and achieved 80.8% ± 20.5% removal rates for nitrite and nitrate after day 10. Microbial analysis highlighted significant shifts in the microbial communities within the DHS and USB reactors, underscoring their critical roles in nitrification and denitrification. Therefore, the DHS–USB aquatic system has the potential to improve agricultural production efficiency and promote sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 345-353"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.03.002
Dhanush Bhamitipadi Suresh, Daniel Wood, Yaqing Jin
The sedimentary bed morphology modulated by the wake flow of a wall-mounted flexible aquatic vegetation blade across various structural aspect ratios (AR = l/b, where l and b are the length and width of the blade, respectively) and incoming flow velocities was experimentally investigated in a water channel. A surface scanner was implemented to quantify bed topography, and a tomographic particle image velocimetry system was used to characterize the three-dimensional wake flows. The results showed that due to the deflection of incoming flow, the velocity magnitude increased at the lateral sides of the blade, thereby producing distinctive symmetric scour holes in these regions. The normalized morphology profiles of the sedimentary bed, which were extracted along the streamwise direction at the location of the maximum erosion depth, exhibited a self-similar pattern that closely followed a sinusoidal wave profile. The level of velocity magnitude enhancement was highly correlated to the postures of the flexible blade. At a given flow velocity, the blade with lower aspect ratios exhibited less significant deformation, causing more significant near-bed velocity enhancement in the wake deflection zone and therefore leading to higher erosion volumes. Further investigation indicated that when the blade underwent slight deformation, the larger velocity enhancement close to the bed can be attributed to more significant flow deflection effects at the lateral sides of the blade and stronger flow mixing with high momentum flows away from the bed. Supported with measurements, a basic formula was established to quantify the shear stress acting on the sedimentary bed as a function of incoming flow velocity and blade aspect ratio.
{"title":"Sedimentary bed morphology in the wake of flexible aquatic vegetation","authors":"Dhanush Bhamitipadi Suresh, Daniel Wood, Yaqing Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sedimentary bed morphology modulated by the wake flow of a wall-mounted flexible aquatic vegetation blade across various structural aspect ratios (<em>A</em><sub>R</sub> = <em>l</em>/<em>b</em>, where <em>l</em> and <em>b</em> are the length and width of the blade, respectively) and incoming flow velocities was experimentally investigated in a water channel. A surface scanner was implemented to quantify bed topography, and a tomographic particle image velocimetry system was used to characterize the three-dimensional wake flows. The results showed that due to the deflection of incoming flow, the velocity magnitude increased at the lateral sides of the blade, thereby producing distinctive symmetric scour holes in these regions. The normalized morphology profiles of the sedimentary bed, which were extracted along the streamwise direction at the location of the maximum erosion depth, exhibited a self-similar pattern that closely followed a sinusoidal wave profile. The level of velocity magnitude enhancement was highly correlated to the postures of the flexible blade. At a given flow velocity, the blade with lower aspect ratios exhibited less significant deformation, causing more significant near-bed velocity enhancement in the wake deflection zone and therefore leading to higher erosion volumes. Further investigation indicated that when the blade underwent slight deformation, the larger velocity enhancement close to the bed can be attributed to more significant flow deflection effects at the lateral sides of the blade and stronger flow mixing with high momentum flows away from the bed. Supported with measurements, a basic formula was established to quantify the shear stress acting on the sedimentary bed as a function of incoming flow velocity and blade aspect ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 354-368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Membrane filtration technology has been widely utilized for microalgae harvesting due to its stability and high efficiency. However, this technology faces challenges posed by membrane fouling caused by algal cells and extracellular organic matter (EOM), which are significantly influenced by membrane material and pore size. This study compared the fouling behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes and ceramic membranes with similar pore sizes (0.20 μm and 0.16 μm, respectively) during the filtration of Microcystis aeruginosa. The ceramic membrane exhibited a lower transmembrane pressure (TMP) growth rate and reduced accumulation of surface foulants compared to the PVDF membrane, indicating its greater suitability for filtering algae-laden water. Further investigations employed membranes fabricated from aluminum oxide powders with grain sizes of 1 μm, 3 μm, 8 μm, and 10 μm, corresponding to membrane pore sizes of 0.08 μm, 0.16 μm, 0.66 μm, and 0.76 μm, respectively, to assess the impact of pore size on ceramic membrane fouling. The results revealed that increasing membrane pore size significantly lowered the TMP growth rate and reduced the irreversibility of membrane fouling. The extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (XDLVO) analysis indicated that large pore sizes enhanced repulsion between the ceramic membrane and algal foulants, further alleviating membrane fouling. This investigation offers new insights into optimizing membrane material and pore size for efficient filtration of algae-laden water.
{"title":"Effect of membrane material and pore size on membrane fouling during filtration of algae-laden water","authors":"Shan-shan Gao, Xin-hong Zhang, Ming-yue Geng, Jia-yu Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane filtration technology has been widely utilized for microalgae harvesting due to its stability and high efficiency. However, this technology faces challenges posed by membrane fouling caused by algal cells and extracellular organic matter (EOM), which are significantly influenced by membrane material and pore size. This study compared the fouling behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes and ceramic membranes with similar pore sizes (0.20 μm and 0.16 μm, respectively) during the filtration of <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em>. The ceramic membrane exhibited a lower transmembrane pressure (TMP) growth rate and reduced accumulation of surface foulants compared to the PVDF membrane, indicating its greater suitability for filtering algae-laden water. Further investigations employed membranes fabricated from aluminum oxide powders with grain sizes of 1 μm, 3 μm, 8 μm, and 10 μm, corresponding to membrane pore sizes of 0.08 μm, 0.16 μm, 0.66 μm, and 0.76 μm, respectively, to assess the impact of pore size on ceramic membrane fouling. The results revealed that increasing membrane pore size significantly lowered the TMP growth rate and reduced the irreversibility of membrane fouling. The extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (XDLVO) analysis indicated that large pore sizes enhanced repulsion between the ceramic membrane and algal foulants, further alleviating membrane fouling. This investigation offers new insights into optimizing membrane material and pore size for efficient filtration of algae-laden water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 335-344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-16DOI: 10.1016/S1674-2370(25)00012-2
{"title":"Thanks to our academic editors and peer reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1674-2370(25)00012-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1674-2370(25)00012-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"Page I"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.01.001
Xun Wang , Huai-yu Cao , Jia-wen Gan , Tang Liu , Pei-fang Wang , Qiu-sheng Yuan , Xiao-lei Xing , Cheng-gong Du , Yu-ran Zheng , Yun-xin Liu
Reservoirs play a critical role in addressing water resources challenges. However, their vertical influence on the assembly mechanisms of different microbial communities, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, remains unclear. This study examined the vertical diversity patterns of abundant and rare subcommunities of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in an urban reservoir, using water depth as a geographical gradient and employing high-throughput sequencing. The impact of vertical environmental heterogeneity on community structure was quantified, and key drivers of these dynamics were identified. The results indicated that the urban reservoir exhibited statistically significant differences in the vertical distribution of water temperature and oxidation/reduction potential. The α-diversity of the abundant subcommunity displayed an opposing vertical pattern compared to that of the rare subcommunity, while the β-diversity for both subcommunities of prokaryotes and eukaryotes increased with water depth. Moreover, the distinct diversity patterns of abundant and rare subcommunities were associated with environmental heterogeneity and species adaptability. Notably, the β-diversity of the rare subcommunity of eukaryotes was primarily driven by species turnover in surface water, whereas nestedness became the dominant factor in deeper water. Furthermore, eukaryotic microbes exhibited a more pronounced response to changes in water depth than prokaryotes, consistent with the importance of heterogeneous selection to the eukaryotic community. Water temperature significantly affected the community composition of all groups, highlighting its importance in shaping community dynamics. This study provides valuable insights into the vertical distribution and assembly mechanisms of microbial communities in urban reservoirs, contributing to the protection and management of aquatic ecosystems under river regulation.
{"title":"Abundant and rare subcommunity assemblages of prokaryotes and eukaryotes controlled by vertical environmental heterogeneity in an urban reservoir","authors":"Xun Wang , Huai-yu Cao , Jia-wen Gan , Tang Liu , Pei-fang Wang , Qiu-sheng Yuan , Xiao-lei Xing , Cheng-gong Du , Yu-ran Zheng , Yun-xin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reservoirs play a critical role in addressing water resources challenges. However, their vertical influence on the assembly mechanisms of different microbial communities, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, remains unclear. This study examined the vertical diversity patterns of abundant and rare subcommunities of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in an urban reservoir, using water depth as a geographical gradient and employing high-throughput sequencing. The impact of vertical environmental heterogeneity on community structure was quantified, and key drivers of these dynamics were identified. The results indicated that the urban reservoir exhibited statistically significant differences in the vertical distribution of water temperature and oxidation/reduction potential. The α-diversity of the abundant subcommunity displayed an opposing vertical pattern compared to that of the rare subcommunity, while the β-diversity for both subcommunities of prokaryotes and eukaryotes increased with water depth. Moreover, the distinct diversity patterns of abundant and rare subcommunities were associated with environmental heterogeneity and species adaptability. Notably, the β-diversity of the rare subcommunity of eukaryotes was primarily driven by species turnover in surface water, whereas nestedness became the dominant factor in deeper water. Furthermore, eukaryotic microbes exhibited a more pronounced response to changes in water depth than prokaryotes, consistent with the importance of heterogeneous selection to the eukaryotic community. Water temperature significantly affected the community composition of all groups, highlighting its importance in shaping community dynamics. This study provides valuable insights into the vertical distribution and assembly mechanisms of microbial communities in urban reservoirs, contributing to the protection and management of aquatic ecosystems under river regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 312-323"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2024.08.003
Yan-tao Zhu , Chong-shi Gu , Mihai A. Diaconeasa
Deformation monitoring is a critical measure for intuitively reflecting the operational behavior of a dam. However, the deformation monitoring data are often incomplete due to environmental changes, monitoring instrument faults, and human operational errors, thereby often hindering the accurate assessment of actual deformation patterns. This study proposed a method for quantifying deformation similarity between measurement points by recognizing the spatiotemporal characteristics of concrete dam deformation monitoring data. It introduces a spatiotemporal clustering analysis of the concrete dam deformation behavior and employs the support vector machine model to address the missing data in concrete dam deformation monitoring. The proposed method was validated in a concrete dam project, with the model error maintaining within 5%, demonstrating its effectiveness in processing missing deformation data. This approach enhances the capability of early-warning systems and contributes to enhanced dam safety management.
{"title":"A missing data processing method for dam deformation monitoring data using spatiotemporal clustering and support vector machine model","authors":"Yan-tao Zhu , Chong-shi Gu , Mihai A. Diaconeasa","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deformation monitoring is a critical measure for intuitively reflecting the operational behavior of a dam. However, the deformation monitoring data are often incomplete due to environmental changes, monitoring instrument faults, and human operational errors, thereby often hindering the accurate assessment of actual deformation patterns. This study proposed a method for quantifying deformation similarity between measurement points by recognizing the spatiotemporal characteristics of concrete dam deformation monitoring data. It introduces a spatiotemporal clustering analysis of the concrete dam deformation behavior and employs the support vector machine model to address the missing data in concrete dam deformation monitoring. The proposed method was validated in a concrete dam project, with the model error maintaining within 5%, demonstrating its effectiveness in processing missing deformation data. This approach enhances the capability of early-warning systems and contributes to enhanced dam safety management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 417-424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号