Wiadomosci lekarskie最新文献

Objective: Aim: To evaluate subjective distress caused by the invasion and examine the relationship between regional residency and mental health indicators.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Descriptive statistics, a cross-sectional observational analysis. Data were collected through an online questionnaire comprising demographics, anxiety and depression assessment (HADS), and trauma impact evaluation (IES-R). Statistical analysis was conducted using MedStat software, with statistical analysis incorporating descriptive statistics, tests for normality and correlation analysis (Pearson's correlation).

Results: Results: The highest depression (39.36%) and anxiety (48.94%) rates were recorded in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, while the lowest were in Dnipropetrovsk (26%) and Lviv (26.83%) Oblasts. No significant correlation was found between proximity to the frontline and depression (r=0.107, p=0.615) or anxiety (r=-0.106, p=0.622). The highest trauma impact (IES-R) was observed in Kherson (37.14%), Donetsk (36.36%) and Mykolaiv (35.29%) Oblasts. No significant correlation was found between distance from the frontline and the severity of acute stress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (r=-0.307, p=0.145).

Conclusion: Conclusions: Mental health outcomes were not significantly linked to geographical proximity to the frontline. The highest rates of depression and anxiety were found in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, while the most severe trauma impact was observed in Kherson, Donetsk, and Mykolaiv Oblasts.

Objective: Aim: The integration of newly developing technologies is driving a transformative shift in diagnostic medicine by enhancing the speed, accuracy, and personalization of disease diagnosis. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as radiography, histology, and biochemical testing, often face limitations in efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity. This review aims to explore recent advancements in diagnostic tools and techniques.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: This review examines the latest developments in diagnostic medicine, including digital pathology, molecular diagnostics, and wearable technologies. Digital pathology enables the digitization of slides and the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for precise and timely diagnoses, particularly in oncology. Advances in molecular diagnostics, such as genomic and proteomic profiling, are evaluated for their role in improving disease detection and monitoring. The study also highlights emerging trends in telemedicine, personalized medicine, and precision medicine.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Recent technological innovations are revolutionizing diagnostic medicine, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance healthcare delivery. Digital pathology and molecular diagnostics are setting new standards for accuracy and efficiency, while wearable technologies and telemedicine are expanding access to personalized care. These advancements underscore the transformative potential of integrating cutting-edge technologies into diagnostic practices, paving the way for a future of more effective and patient-centered healthcare.

Objective: Aim: To select and analyse the scientific literature on the impact of contraception on women with depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Patients and methods: Material and Methods: A detailed literature analysis was performed using PubMed, WebMD, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The articles and books included were written in English and published between 2011 and 2024. A literature review was conducted in the PubMed, WebMD, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, analysing scientific articles in English from 2011 to 2024. Studies evaluating the relationship between contraceptive use and mental health conditions, including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), were selected. The search combined the following keywords using appropriate Boolean operators (i.e., AND, OR): "contraception", "depression", "bipolar disorder", "schizophrenia", "premenstrual dysphoric disorder", and "mental health".

Conclusion: Conclusions: The impact of hormonal contraception on mental health varies across conditions, making personalized contraceptive counselling essential. Further research is needed to fully understand these complex interactions and develop evidence-based guidelines.

Objective: Aim: To provide a comprehensive historical overview of rabies, with a focus on its early recognition, cultural significance, and advancements in treatment from antiquity to the modern era.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted using electronic databases such as Scopus and PubMed to gather data on rabies incidence, transmission patterns, and public health interventions across various Latin American countries. The search covered publications from 1950 to 2025. The following keywords and their combinations were used: rabies, hydrophobia, Lyssa, Lyssavirus, history of rabies, rabies vaccine, Louis Pasteur, ancient medicine rabies, rabies Greece, canine rabies, public health interventions.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Although significant progress has been made in reducing rabies cases in Latin America through widespread vaccination campaigns and animal control strategies, the disease continues to pose a public health concern in certain areas. This persistence is particularly attributed to challenges in rural and remote regions, bat-mediated transmission, and deficiencies in disease surveillance. Continued investment in preventive measures, public education, and targeted interventions-especially among vulnerable populations-is crucial for achieving the complete elimination of rabies in the region.

Objective: Aim: Aim of the study is analysis of results of diagnostic studies in patients with diseases of thyroid complicated by tracheal compression syndrome which were operated on urgent and immediate indications.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study comprised 167 patients, who were admitted to the clinic of State University ≪Institute of General and Emergency Surgery named after V. T. Zaitsev National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine≫ with thyroid diseases complicated by tracheal compression syndrome. All the patients were operated on by urgent and immediate indications. Condition of thyroid and residual tissue were assessed with the help of ultrasound examination, elastography, gland function according to the level of hormones, the results of histological examination and immunohistochemical studies were also taken into account.

Results: Results: The conducted immunohistochemical studies proved presence of three stages of proliferative activity of the thyroid gland; correlation was established between the characteristics of elastography and markers of proliferative activity. Further tactics of patient's management depends on determination of type of elastogram and degree of proliferative activity of thyroid tissue: referral for dynamic observation or surgical treatment with the selection of the scope of surgical intervention including minimally invasive one.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Diagnostic measures in patients with thyroid diseases complicated by tracheal compression syndrome are aimed first of all at receiving comprehensive data on patient's actual condition and disease to determine optimal treatment tactics and decrease the level of postoperative complications and lethality in surgical interventions performed by urgent and immediate indications.

Objective: Aim: Design, synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of new series of Isatin-Naiflumic acid derivatives as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A molecular docking study was performed to assess the binding affinities of the synthesized compounds toward the kinase domains of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. The compounds were synthesized through the esterification process of Niflumic acid, followed by treating the obtained ethyl ester compound with hydrazine monohydrate to form the Niflumic acid hydrazide compound. This compound was further reacted with six Isatin derivatives utilizing the ketone-amine condensation reaction to form the final six Schiff base compounds.

Results: Results: The synthesized compounds (I-VI) showed optimum binding affinity (S. score) values ranging from -9.1782 to -9.5120 Kcal/mol and precise binding mode (RMSD) values ranging from 1.0608 to 1.8914 with the active kinase site of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (PDB code: 4AG8). At the same time, the cytotoxicity results showed an optimum inhibitory effect (20.87 μM to 78.48 μM) against the A549 (non-small cell lung cancer) and a safer effect (175.49 μM to 280.27 μM) against the MRC-5 (normal lung tissue cells). In contrast to the reference drug (Sunitinib).

Conclusion: Conclusions: The new synthesized compounds (I-VI) are potent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, inhibiting cell proliferation, angiogenesis and exhibiting promising anticancer agents.

Objective: Aim: To assess the potential impact of mine water contamination on the increased risk of malignant neoplasms among the population of an industrially affected region of Ukraine (Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Basin).

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Hygienic, epidemiological and statistical methods of research were used in the study. The study of mine water was conducted using samples obtained from 63 points representing the main mining horizons of the Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Basin (Ukraine), using the following indicators: dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand over 5 days (BOD₅), hydrogen index (pH), suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), dry residue, chlorides, sulfates, ammonium nitrogen, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, oil products, total iron, and phenols.

Results: Results: Laboratory analysis of mine water revealed that the concentrations of several substances exceeded permissible levels. The integral pollution coefficients suggested the water to be extremely polluted, and the ecological state of the environment as critical. The risk of malignant neoplasms in the Kryvyi Rih industrial region was 25,054 (95% CI 25,010-25,098). Teenagers aged 15-17 had the highest risk of developing malignant neoplasms (OR 16,310 [95% CI 5,927-44,888]). Children under the age of 14 ranked second (OR 5,528 [95% CI 3,423-8,925]). Adults (≥18 years old) had a lower risk of malignant neoplasms (OR 2,461 [95% CI 2,309-2,622]). Children and adolescents were more affected than adults, i.e. the etiologic fraction of mine water pollution in the development of malignant neoplasms was 81,9% and 94,3%, respectively (vs. 59,6% in adults).

Conclusion: Conclusions: Considering the extremely polluted state of mine waters in the industrially affected region of Ukraine, and assessing the related malignant neoplasm risks in the context of public health, the development of innovative preventive strategies and methodologies is required, taking into account all relevant determinants, including environmental factors.

Objective: Aim: To determine the soluble of TIM-3 levels and how a variation in the -574 locus gene in the TIM-3 gene's promotor region contributes to SLE.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: 180 participants participated in the current study: 90 SLE patients and 90 clearly healthy controls (HCs) from October 2024 to February 2025. These subjects selected from Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq. Participant's genomic DNA was collected from blood sample. Every sample was diagnosed with SLE. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to determine the quantity of soluble TIM-3 (sTIM-3) in the serum of SLE and HC patients. The TIM-3 gene's rs10515746 gene fragment, which corresponds to the -574 locus, was amplified and genotyped using the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR).

Results: Results: Patients had significantly higher TIM-3 levels (median = 396.5 ng/ml, range = 198-698 ng/ml), than controls (median of 1618 ng/ml and a range of 1306-1999 ng/ml). The GT-TT genotypes were more prevalent in patients than controls (98.89% vs. 93.33%), with a significant difference (OR= 6.36, 95%CI= 0.75-53.92). At the allelic level, compared to controls, patients' frequencies of the mutant allele (T) were noticeably higher (90.56% vs. 79.44%) (OR=2.15, 95%CI= 1.15-4.03, p=0.016).

Conclusion: Conclusions: Individuals with SLE have significantly higher levels of soluble TIM-3, which suggests that the protein has a role in the pathophysiology of the condition and that the T allele of rs10515746 is a risk factor for SLE.

Objective: Aim: To investigate the need among future doctors of various specialties (medical university students) to study the fundamentals of the organization of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of glaucoma.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A custom-designed questionnaire was used as the research tool. The study materials consisted of data obtained from a survey of senior students at three medical universities in Ukraine. Bibliographic, statistical, and analytical methods were employed in the study.

Results: Results: Overall, 80% of medical students believe that knowledge of the discipline "Ophthalmology" is necessary for future physicians of all specialties. 75% of respondents rated the scope and quality of ophthalmology knowledge received during the pre-graduation stage at 3-5 points on a 5-point scale. One-third of students rated their knowledge of the organization of ophthalmologic care and the prevention of eye diseases at 3 points. More than 80% of students highly valued the importance of future physicians of all specialties being knowledgeable about modern approaches to glaucoma prevention and the factors influencing its development. However, while there is general understanding among future physicians about the need to know the current algorithm of actions when glaucoma or pseudoexfoliation syndrome is suspected, knowledge of modern treatment approaches for glaucoma patients is not deemed necessary by all. 75% of students plan to apply their knowledge of glaucoma prevention in their future practice, but they do not intend to carry out preventive activities aimed at preventing the development of glaucoma.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Overall, 70-80% of the surveyed medical students recognize the importance of ophthalmology knowledge. However, their assessment of the volume and quality of their own knowledge was not sufficiently high. Future physicians understand the importance of being informed about risk factors for glaucoma and its prevention. Evaluations of the need for in-depth knowledge of modern treatment approaches for glaucoma patients or the organization of glaucoma prevention were more reserved. Sixth-year students and medical interns feel uncertain about their theoretical and practical knowledge of ophthal-mology. Educators teaching the "Ophthalmology" discipline should clearly demonstrate the relevance and value of ophthalmological knowledge for various medical specialties, especially for family physicians.

Objective: Aim: To determine the peculiarities of changes in the levels of B vitamins and their dependence on body mass index (BMI) in patients with GERD and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MDAFLD).

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: 112 patients with GERD were examined. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 50 patients with GERD, and group 2 consisted of 62 patients with GERD in combination with MDAFLD. The level of homocysteine and B vitamins in the blood serum was determined.

Results: Results: At patients group 1 were diagnosed the decreased levels of B6 and B12 in blood serum against a background of a slight increase in homocysteine levels in blood serum (up to 17.9±0.7 umol/l - p<0.05). In patients in group 2, a significant decrease in all B vitamins examined in the blood serum was found, accompanied by a significant increase in homocysteine levels (2.4 times - p<0.01).

Conclusion: Conclusions: In the vast majority of patients with GERD and MDAFLD, an increase in BMI was found, namely, overweight in 25.8% (p < 0.01) of patients and grade I obesity (in 37.1% of patients - p < 0.001). In patients with GERD and MDAFLD, a significant decrease in serum levels of B vitamins (B1, B3, B6, B9, B12) was found, which correlates negatively with overweight and obesity in these patients.