Wiadomosci lekarskie最新文献

Objective: Aim: To investigate the levels and indicators of professional deformation in instructor-officers with different service experience as a negative factor in their professional health.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The research, which was conducted in 2022-2023, involved 136 instructor-officers of the National Academy of Internal Affairs aged 25-55 years with different service experience (up to 5 years - 21 people, 5-10 years - 45 people, 10-15 years - 42 people, over 15 years - 28 people).

Results: Results: The dynamics of the levels of professional deformation in instructor-officers of higher educational institutions depending on the experience of their service activities have been determined, and the peculiarities of the manifestation of key professional and psychological indicators that affect their professional health in the course of their service activities have been revealed.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Professional deformation can be manifested at the initial, middle, and deep levels. The experience of service activities makes adjustments to the formation of professional deformation in instructor-officers because deformational changes in personality occur under the constant influence of the conditions of the profession. With the increase in experience, they become more adapted to stressful phenomena and tense situations of service activities, but the degree of desire to change the type of activity increases. The decrease in proactive attitude and selectivity of contacts during the performance of professional tasks is often accompanied by exhaustion, which indicates a progressive tendency to the development of deformational changes in instructor-officers.

Objective: Aim: To determine the current prevalence of female infertility and characterize and identify risk factors associated with infertility in Ukraine.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2023 in twelve medical centers from nine regions of Ukraine. Definitions of infertility were adapted from the World Health Organization. According to the data collected from questionnaire, participants were divided into infertile and fertile groups and analyzed associated factors.

Results: Results: Among all the 7,618 participants in this study, the prevalence of female infertility was 24.3%. The prevalence of primary infertility was 5.9%, and the prevalence of secondary infertility was 18.4%. In logistic multivariate regression analyses, female infertility was associated with age of women (p<0.001), age of first sexual intercourse (p<0.001), history of gynecological surgery (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.001), age of marriage (p<0.001), decreased ovarian reserve (DOR) (p=0.006), family history of infertility (p<0.001), history of cervicitis (p=0.007), history of surgical abortion (p<0.001), history of endometritis (p=0.027), bacterial vaginosis (p=0.023), and aerobic vaginitis (< 0.001).

Conclusion: Conclusions: Our data suggest a high prevalence of female infertility in Ukraine. The prevalence of secondary infertility was higher than primary infertility. Age of women, age of first sexual intercourse, history of gynecological surgery, marital status, age of marriage, DOR, family history of infertility, history of cervicitis, history of surgical abortion, history of endometritis, bacterial vaginosis, and aerobic vaginitis were associated with infertility.

Objective: Aim: To investigate the impact of kettlebell strength training on the health and physical readiness of female cadets during martial law training.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The research involved 60 female cadets, 30 each in the experimental (EG) and the control (CG) groups. The EG cadets were engaged in kettlebell exercises during the hours of their sporting and mass participation activities, while the CG cadets were engaged according to the traditional methodology. The health status was assessed by anthropometry and cardiovascular system indicators; physical readiness - by the results of 100 meter run, push-ups, and 1 km run.

Results: Results: It was found that at the end of the research, most indicators of health and physical readiness in female cadets engaged in kettlebell exercises were significantly better than those who were engaged in physical exercises according to the traditional methodology. The most pronounced effect of strength loads was found on the development of strength qualities, stabilization of body weight, and improvement of the functional capabilities of the cardiovascular system. In the 4th semester, the female cadets of the EG showed significantly better than in the CG indicators of BMI, SI, heart rate recovery time, LPH, results in push-ups, and 1 km run.

Conclusion: Conclusions: It is proved that strength loads in exercises with kettlebells, having several positive features, effectively impact the state of health and development of motor skills in female cadets, as well as contribute to the formation of an aesthetic physique and weight loss.

Objective: Aim: To evaluate the functional connection and the bioelectrical state of the m.masseter and m. sternocleidomastoid using functional tests before and after treatment.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 21 individuals with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Examinations were carried out before and after treatment using repositioning splint therapy and in seated/standing positions.

Results: Results: M. masseter - p=0.072 before treatment and p=0.821 after treatment. Symmetry is also maintained after treatment. After treatment, a significant difference is noted at the level of significance p<0.001 for the right chewing muscle. In seated and standing positions before treatment did not reveal a statistically significant difference (p=0.07, p=0.143) and after (p=0.272, p=0.623).M. sternocleidomastoid- p<0.001 when comparing right and left sides. After treatment, there was no difference between the right and left sides (p=0.169). No statistical difference was found when assessing indicators separately for the right and left muscles in seated and standing positions (p=0.304, p=0.611, p=0.089, p=0.869). When comparing the bioelectric potentials of the right muscle before, after treatment, a statistically significant difference was found p=0.001.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Biostatistical analysis of the indicators of bioelectrical activity of m. masseter and sternocleidomastoid indicates no changes in muscle microvolt indicators with changes in body position in patients. However, repositioning splint therapy is associated with reduced muscle tone in initially more spasmodic muscles. It is worth noting that the symmetry of interaction between muscles improves.

Objective: Aim: To compare X-ray signs in different gestational and body weight groups of patients with NEC.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study, enrolling 52 preterm newborns with symptoms of NEC regardless of onset time, who underwent treatment at Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Municipal Non-commercial enterprise "City Children Hospital №2", Odesa. The patients were split into 3 clinical groups: very preterm newborns (VPN), moderately preterm newborns (MPN), and moderately preterm newborns with intrauterine growth restriction (MPN+IUGR).

Results: Results: In the VPN group NEC was diagnosed at stage II (58,82±12,30) % and III (41,18±12,30) % by Bell MJ, р>0,05. In the group MPN+IUGR, NEC stage II (33,33±14,21) % and stage III (66,66 ±14,21) %, р>0,05, were equally observed. In the MPN group, NEC was diagnosed at stage I (41,67±10,28) % and II (58,33±10,28) %, р>0,05, without prevalence of any. Also only localized forms were observed. In VPN, we observed localized forms in most cases, while diffuse forms were diagnosed in (11,76±8,05) % cases, р<0,05. In the MPN+IUGR group, we found diffuse form of the NEC in half of the cases - (50,00±15,08) %. In the VPN and MPN+IUGR groups, NEC developed at 13,23±0,39 and 14,33±1,19 days, respectively. However, in MPN without IUGR, NEC developed at 17,75±0,55 days, significantly later than in the MPN+IUGR group, р<0,05.

Conclusion: Conclusions: We have described distinct features of NEC in MPN with IUGR. Compared to MPN without IUGR, NEC had more severe course and earlier manifestation in such neonates.

Objective: Aim: To explore the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic aspects of diffuse familial adenomatous polyposis in childhood. This objective is accomplished through an extensive review of recent literature, and the presentation of case report from our clinical practice.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: We analyzed 75 scientific papers, the findings of which have been documented in the PubMed database. Our search criteria included keywords such as ≪diffuse familial adenomatous intestinal polyposis,≫ ≪children,≫ and ≪diagnosis.≫ Then we conducted a second-stage analysis that involved a detailed review of a practical case - the medical records of inpatient Kh.V. who had been diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The analysis of the literature data is consistent with the findings from our clinical observations of familial adenomatous polyposis in a patient with complicated family anamnesis. It is worth noting that clinical features do not significantly differ across various types of polyposis. In cases of suspected familial adenomatous polyposis in adolescents, genetic testing is crucial.

Objective: Aim: To summarize the experience of providing dental medical care under general anesthesia to children from different regions of Ukraine during the martial law, taking into account the factors affecting the choice of optimal conditions for dental treatment.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Dental treatment under general anesthesia of 1,258 children from different regions of Ukraine has been performed since March 2022. The condition of the teeth (df, df+DMF, DMF) and hygienic state of the oral cavity (OHI-S) were determined. The level of awareness of parents regarding the preservation of children's dental health was studied through a questionnaire.

Results: Results: An unsatisfactory oral hygiene, a high level of caries were found in the vast majority of children. The highest df was observed in the group of children aged 3 to 6 years (7.14±0.33), which is significantly higher than in the group of children under 3 years of age (4.32±1.04, p≤0.05). The worst oral hygiene was observed in children aged 6-12 years (OHI-S 2.62±0.32). An insufficient level of awareness of parents and children regarding dental health was revealed. A total of 1,712 operations under general anesthesia were performed. The majority of patients could not regularly appear for follow-up examinations due to the forced departure from the country.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The organization of dental treatment under general anesthesia allows solving a number of problems of dental care for children during the war.

Objective: Aim: To review the publications subject to the problem of COVID-19 associated anosmia incidence in pediatric patients as well as its pathogenesis, diagnostics, treatment and recovery. The peculiarity of pediatric COVID-19 anosmia is due to children accounting for very low percentage of COVID-19 patients (comparing to one in adults), mostly with milder course of the disease. Awareness of anosmia and its proper diagnostics is crucial in children and adolescents, considering it can be the only manifestation in COVID-19 positive pediatric patients.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: In order to achieve this goal a meta-analysis of information from databases followed by statistical processing and generalisation of the obtained data was carried out.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Publications on COVID-19 anosmia in children and adolescents are less numerous than those concerning adult patients, so it is important to use every single trustworthy one. Anosmia/ageusia may be the only symptom, early identifier and the strongest predictor of COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients. Prospects for further scientific researches. Further researches regarding differential diagnostics of COVID-19 and other infections, including seasonal influenza, manifesting with both olfactory and taste dysfunction as well as anosmia diagnostics in children and adolescents with autistic spectrum and different types of mental disorders are possible.

Objective: Aim: To compare the effectiveness of end-range mobilization and therapeutic exercises, used in combination with ischemic compression, on disability and pain indicators among patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint and thoracic myofascial pain syndrome.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study involved 68 patients. Goniometry of the shoulder joint, assessment of pain in myofascial trigger points, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index questionnaire were used before and after physical therapy. The duration of physical therapy comprised 3 weeks. Physical therapy of the first group of patients consisted of end-range mobilization and ischemic compression. Patients of the second group performed therapeutic exercises and ischemic compression.

Results: Results: Both groups demonstrated positive dynamics of shoulder joint mobility, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index and pain in trigger points. However, the final results of the studied indicators were better in the first group of patients.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Physical therapy based on the combination of end-range mobilization and ischemic compression had a more positive impact on disability and pain indicators for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint and myofascial pain syndrome as compared to the combination of therapeutic exercises and ischemic compression.

Objective: Aim: The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of occupational hygiene procedures for microbiological and cytological contents of periodontal pockets.

Patients and methods: Material and Methods: Cytological and microbiological content of the periodontal pockets before treatment and after professional hygiene procedures including scaling with hand instruments and root cementum polishing have been investigated in patients with periodontitis.

Results: Results: According to obtained data it can be resumed that in periodontitis patients with the depth of pockets 3-5,5 mm before professional hygiene all the pockets contain great number of Cocci, Spirochetes, Candida Albicans, Flagellated rods and Protozoa species. It was proved by revealing of small amount of Polymorphonuclear leukocytes with active phagocytosis. After scaling and planing of the roots, a decrease in the number of Protozoa and Candida Albicans was observed in 97% and 72% of the investigated cells, respectively.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Cytological and microbiological content of periodontal pockets before treatment and after professional hygiene procedures including scaling and root planning testify to the level of local protective mechanisms, especially process of phagocytosis and virulence of microbial species in periodontal pockets.