Wiadomosci lekarskie最新文献

Objective: Aim: To evaluate subjective distress caused by the invasion and examine the relationship between regional residency and mental health indicators.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Descriptive statistics, a cross-sectional observational analysis. Data were collected through an online questionnaire comprising demographics, anxiety and depression assessment (HADS), and trauma impact evaluation (IES-R). Statistical analysis was conducted using MedStat software, with statistical analysis incorporating descriptive statistics, tests for normality and correlation analysis (Pearson's correlation).

Results: Results: The highest depression (39.36%) and anxiety (48.94%) rates were recorded in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, while the lowest were in Dnipropetrovsk (26%) and Lviv (26.83%) Oblasts. No significant correlation was found between proximity to the frontline and depression (r=0.107, p=0.615) or anxiety (r=-0.106, p=0.622). The highest trauma impact (IES-R) was observed in Kherson (37.14%), Donetsk (36.36%) and Mykolaiv (35.29%) Oblasts. No significant correlation was found between distance from the frontline and the severity of acute stress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (r=-0.307, p=0.145).

Conclusion: Conclusions: Mental health outcomes were not significantly linked to geographical proximity to the frontline. The highest rates of depression and anxiety were found in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, while the most severe trauma impact was observed in Kherson, Donetsk, and Mykolaiv Oblasts.

Objective: Aim: The integration of newly developing technologies is driving a transformative shift in diagnostic medicine by enhancing the speed, accuracy, and personalization of disease diagnosis. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as radiography, histology, and biochemical testing, often face limitations in efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity. This review aims to explore recent advancements in diagnostic tools and techniques.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: This review examines the latest developments in diagnostic medicine, including digital pathology, molecular diagnostics, and wearable technologies. Digital pathology enables the digitization of slides and the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for precise and timely diagnoses, particularly in oncology. Advances in molecular diagnostics, such as genomic and proteomic profiling, are evaluated for their role in improving disease detection and monitoring. The study also highlights emerging trends in telemedicine, personalized medicine, and precision medicine.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Recent technological innovations are revolutionizing diagnostic medicine, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance healthcare delivery. Digital pathology and molecular diagnostics are setting new standards for accuracy and efficiency, while wearable technologies and telemedicine are expanding access to personalized care. These advancements underscore the transformative potential of integrating cutting-edge technologies into diagnostic practices, paving the way for a future of more effective and patient-centered healthcare.

Objective: Aim: To select and analyse the scientific literature on the impact of contraception on women with depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Patients and methods: Material and Methods: A detailed literature analysis was performed using PubMed, WebMD, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The articles and books included were written in English and published between 2011 and 2024. A literature review was conducted in the PubMed, WebMD, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, analysing scientific articles in English from 2011 to 2024. Studies evaluating the relationship between contraceptive use and mental health conditions, including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), were selected. The search combined the following keywords using appropriate Boolean operators (i.e., AND, OR): "contraception", "depression", "bipolar disorder", "schizophrenia", "premenstrual dysphoric disorder", and "mental health".

Conclusion: Conclusions: The impact of hormonal contraception on mental health varies across conditions, making personalized contraceptive counselling essential. Further research is needed to fully understand these complex interactions and develop evidence-based guidelines.

Objective: Aim: To provide a comprehensive historical overview of rabies, with a focus on its early recognition, cultural significance, and advancements in treatment from antiquity to the modern era.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted using electronic databases such as Scopus and PubMed to gather data on rabies incidence, transmission patterns, and public health interventions across various Latin American countries. The search covered publications from 1950 to 2025. The following keywords and their combinations were used: rabies, hydrophobia, Lyssa, Lyssavirus, history of rabies, rabies vaccine, Louis Pasteur, ancient medicine rabies, rabies Greece, canine rabies, public health interventions.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Although significant progress has been made in reducing rabies cases in Latin America through widespread vaccination campaigns and animal control strategies, the disease continues to pose a public health concern in certain areas. This persistence is particularly attributed to challenges in rural and remote regions, bat-mediated transmission, and deficiencies in disease surveillance. Continued investment in preventive measures, public education, and targeted interventions-especially among vulnerable populations-is crucial for achieving the complete elimination of rabies in the region.

Objective: Aim: Aim of the study is analysis of results of diagnostic studies in patients with diseases of thyroid complicated by tracheal compression syndrome which were operated on urgent and immediate indications.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study comprised 167 patients, who were admitted to the clinic of State University ≪Institute of General and Emergency Surgery named after V. T. Zaitsev National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine≫ with thyroid diseases complicated by tracheal compression syndrome. All the patients were operated on by urgent and immediate indications. Condition of thyroid and residual tissue were assessed with the help of ultrasound examination, elastography, gland function according to the level of hormones, the results of histological examination and immunohistochemical studies were also taken into account.

Results: Results: The conducted immunohistochemical studies proved presence of three stages of proliferative activity of the thyroid gland; correlation was established between the characteristics of elastography and markers of proliferative activity. Further tactics of patient's management depends on determination of type of elastogram and degree of proliferative activity of thyroid tissue: referral for dynamic observation or surgical treatment with the selection of the scope of surgical intervention including minimally invasive one.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Diagnostic measures in patients with thyroid diseases complicated by tracheal compression syndrome are aimed first of all at receiving comprehensive data on patient's actual condition and disease to determine optimal treatment tactics and decrease the level of postoperative complications and lethality in surgical interventions performed by urgent and immediate indications.

Objective: Aim: To investigate the need among future doctors of various specialties (medical university students) to study the fundamentals of the organization of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of glaucoma.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A custom-designed questionnaire was used as the research tool. The study materials consisted of data obtained from a survey of senior students at three medical universities in Ukraine. Bibliographic, statistical, and analytical methods were employed in the study.

Results: Results: Overall, 80% of medical students believe that knowledge of the discipline "Ophthalmology" is necessary for future physicians of all specialties. 75% of respondents rated the scope and quality of ophthalmology knowledge received during the pre-graduation stage at 3-5 points on a 5-point scale. One-third of students rated their knowledge of the organization of ophthalmologic care and the prevention of eye diseases at 3 points. More than 80% of students highly valued the importance of future physicians of all specialties being knowledgeable about modern approaches to glaucoma prevention and the factors influencing its development. However, while there is general understanding among future physicians about the need to know the current algorithm of actions when glaucoma or pseudoexfoliation syndrome is suspected, knowledge of modern treatment approaches for glaucoma patients is not deemed necessary by all. 75% of students plan to apply their knowledge of glaucoma prevention in their future practice, but they do not intend to carry out preventive activities aimed at preventing the development of glaucoma.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Overall, 70-80% of the surveyed medical students recognize the importance of ophthalmology knowledge. However, their assessment of the volume and quality of their own knowledge was not sufficiently high. Future physicians understand the importance of being informed about risk factors for glaucoma and its prevention. Evaluations of the need for in-depth knowledge of modern treatment approaches for glaucoma patients or the organization of glaucoma prevention were more reserved. Sixth-year students and medical interns feel uncertain about their theoretical and practical knowledge of ophthal-mology. Educators teaching the "Ophthalmology" discipline should clearly demonstrate the relevance and value of ophthalmological knowledge for various medical specialties, especially for family physicians.

Objective: Aim: To determine the peculiarities of changes in the levels of B vitamins and their dependence on body mass index (BMI) in patients with GERD and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MDAFLD).

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: 112 patients with GERD were examined. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 50 patients with GERD, and group 2 consisted of 62 patients with GERD in combination with MDAFLD. The level of homocysteine and B vitamins in the blood serum was determined.

Results: Results: At patients group 1 were diagnosed the decreased levels of B6 and B12 in blood serum against a background of a slight increase in homocysteine levels in blood serum (up to 17.9±0.7 umol/l - p<0.05). In patients in group 2, a significant decrease in all B vitamins examined in the blood serum was found, accompanied by a significant increase in homocysteine levels (2.4 times - p<0.01).

Conclusion: Conclusions: In the vast majority of patients with GERD and MDAFLD, an increase in BMI was found, namely, overweight in 25.8% (p < 0.01) of patients and grade I obesity (in 37.1% of patients - p < 0.001). In patients with GERD and MDAFLD, a significant decrease in serum levels of B vitamins (B1, B3, B6, B9, B12) was found, which correlates negatively with overweight and obesity in these patients.

Across the world, the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is increasing, establishing it as one of the most prevalent cancers originating in the oral cavity. Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) and Estrogen Receptor beta (ERβ) expression were identified and analyzed in normal oral mucosa as well as in squamous cell carcinoma. On a molecular level, estrogens and progestogens, as steroid hormones, influence various biological processes, including reproduction and behavior, by binding to their intracellular receptors. Hypotheses suggest that oral cavity malignancies could be hormonally induced. Periodontal inflammation, mediated by TREM-1, IL-1β, and reduced salivary antibacterial function during hormonal fluctuations, is important in evaluation of etiology of oral cancers and is correlated to hormonal levels. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling activates ERα through phosphorylation, increasing its transcriptional activity and promoting cell proliferation. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) offers both hormonal and non-hormonal treatments, with concerns about overprescription and potential off-label use. In this literature review we aimed to analyze whether there is a link between MHT which consists of estrogen or both estrogen and progesterone and oral cancer risk. A review of the scientific literature covering the years 2018-2025 was carried out, whether estrogens, identified as carcinogens, may be suggested as the potential therapeutic target for OSCC in the future, similar to their well grounded role in the standard management of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

Objective: Aim: To summarize the key factors driving E.coli resistance in Europe, with reference to global data and the One Health context.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted based on 14 peer-reviewed articles and institutional reports addressing resistance mechanisms and the epidemiology of E. coli strains in Europe and globally.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Resistance in E. coli is driven by complex, cross-sectoral dynamics. Effective containment strategies should include rational antibiotic use in primary care, restrictions on veterinary antimicrobial use, improved diagnostics, modernized wastewater infrastructure, and inclusion of travel history in AMR risk assessments. The persistent detection of blaCTX-M and mcr-1 in all reservoirs highlights the need for a unified One Health approach.

Objective: Aim: To identify factors associated with the risk of developing abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A retrospective single-center cohort study of 106 patients with SAP, complicated by ACS (n=32) and without the given complication (n=74). The first stage included an intergroup comparison of 28 clinical-laboratory indicators recorded during the early stages of the disease. The second and third stages consisted of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of the variables selected over the first stage, developing a prediction model, and evaluating its characteristics.

Results: Results: Statistically significant difference between the groups was found for the following 14 indicators: BMI, Glasgow Coma Scale score, visceral obesity index, CRP level, radiological signs of paresis, pleural effusion, fluid collections in the retroperitoneal space, daily fluid balance, pain intensity according to the NPRS scale, the total score on the Marshall and BISAP scales, early persistent SIRS, APP and RFG levels (p<0.05). The given factors were identified as independent risk factors for ACS development: daily fluid balance, pain intensity (NPRS), retroperitoneal fluid collections, early persistent SIRS, and elevated WHR. The developed logistic model demonstrated high discriminatory ability: AUC = 0.92, sensitivity - 94%, specificity - 81%.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The developed model can enable patient stratification and targeted correction of potentially modifiable ACS risk factors in the early stages of SAP.