Wiadomosci lekarskie最新文献

Objective: Aim: To evaluate the serum and urine levels of MMP-2 in children with nephrotic syndrome.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Pediatric Nephrology consultation Clinic in Al Imamain Kadhimain Medical City, Ibn Balady Children and Maternity Hospital, Child Central Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq and Children Welfare Teaching Hospital/Medical City Complex from 1st of November 2021 to 31th of March 2022 and included 60 Patients who are children with NS , and 60 healthy children age and sex matched as a control group Patients with NS were admitted to pediatric ward or attending the pediatric Nephrology clinic.

Results: Results: found there was no significant difference in age and gender between the three groups, healthy controls, SSNS and SRNS However, SRNS had significantly higher mean SBP and DBP (123.0±15.79 mmHg and 79.97±12.44mmHg, respectively) than either SSNS patients (109.58±13.08 mmHg and 73.5±11.31mmHg, respectively) or controls (99.75±9.23 mmHg and 65.58±5.83 mmHg, respectively).

Conclusion: Conclusions: there was no significant difference in age and gender between the three groups, healthy controls, SSNS and SRNS However, SRNS had significantly higher mean SBP and DBP, However , ACE, cyclosporine and MMF were more common among patients with SRNS For MMP-2 the results found serum MMP-2 and urine MMP-2 was significantly higher in SSNS patients SRNS patients.

Objective: Aim: The objective of this literature review was to determine the current aspects of the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of uterine leiomyoma in women of reproductive age.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Pubmed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were used to search for materials on current aspects of the clinic, diagnosis, and treatment of uterine leiomyoma in women of reproductive age.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Women who have a pregnancy in the background of leiomyomas of the uterus, constitute a high-risk group for the occurrence of obstetric and perinatal complications, therefore, in the most dangerous periods of pregnancy, hospitalization in a specialized obstetrical hospital is recommended. It is advisable to exclude the tactics of passive surveillance of women of childbearing age with leiomyoma of the uterus. Women of childbearing age with leiomyoma of the uterus are recommended to carry out organ-preserving operations in the volume of leiomyomectomy in order to preserve the reproductive function of the woman.

Objective: Aim: To analyze the impact of nutrients and food components on a person's psychological state and to justify the need to study nutrition among general medical students and future medical psychologists.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Collection, critical, constructive analysis of scientific literature. Analysis of psychosomatic and somatopsychological disorders associated with nutrition.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Nutrition is the cornerstone of health, harmonious physical and mental development of the individual. Therefore, doctors, including medical psychologistsmust must know the composition and the main therapeutic, dietary, and parapharmacological properties of food products and spices, and their impact on somatic health and the psychological status of patients. This knowledge is a prerequisite for a high professional level and the possibilities of alimentary prevention and parapharmacological, non-medication correction. The study of nutrition deepens knowledge of the basics of rational nutrition for a healthy person, lays the foundations of propaedeutics of dietetics and psychonutritionology, and takes into account modern scientific developments and achievements of medical science.

Objective: Aim: To evaluate the neuromuscular and occlusal characteristics of the dentition in patients with complete tooth loss in one of the jaws who were fitted with temporary fixed prosthetic structures for immediate loading of dental implants.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Using the method of synchromyography (Teethan system), functional parameters was analyzed in three groups of patients: with structures based on a cast beam, with a welded beam, and with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

Results: Results: The results emphasize the importance of choosing the type of temporary structure depending on the functional requirements, patient characteristics, and long-term prospects for adaptation.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of choosing the type of construction to ensure effective rehabilitation of patients with complete loss of teeth in one of the jaws and prevention of possible complications. The researchers recommend using cast or welded beams to achieve optimal long-term clinical results.

Objective: Aim: To investigate the role and prospects of microbial environmental monitoring in a healthcare facility, to evaluate strategies for controlling microbial contamination, to identify the species composition of microorganisms and factors that pose a threat to creating a safe environment in the facility.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of microbiological monitoring at a 200-bed healthcare facility (2020-2023) was conducted. Over 15,500 swab samples were collected from high-touch surfaces. Microorganism cultivation followed standard methods, with fungi grown on Sabouraud medium. Procedures complied with DSTU EN ISO 15189:2015 standards. The statistical reliability of relative indicators was calculated using a formula that included the standard error calculation.

Results: Results: Microorganisms were detected in 0.8-1.9% of samples, with 162 positive environmental tests during the observation period. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (37±3.5%), followed by Enterococcus spp. (28.4±3.2%) and Escherichia coli (16.1±2.8%). The surgical department showed the highest contamination rate (43.2±3.8%), with medical equipment in treatment rooms accounting for 61.8±3.8% of positive results.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The findings confirm that healthcare environments act as reservoirs for pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The surgical department exhibited the highest microbial burden, emphasizing the need for stricter infection control in high-risk areas. The predominance of Staphylococcus highlights its role in surgical site infections, with contaminated medical equipment serving as a key transmission factor. Strengthening disinfection protocols and routine monitoring is essential to mitigate microbial contamination risks. The implementation of microbial monitoring in Ukraine depends on national standards. Routine sampling is not mandatory, with most hospitals conducting surface monitoring only during outbreaks, limiting systematic infection control efforts.

Artificial intelligence plays an increasingly important role in modern dentistry, offering the possibility of precise and quick diagnostic image analysis and supporting the process of pathology detection.

Aim: The study aims to discuss the use of artificial intelligence in caries detection, with an emphasis on radiographs and intraoral imaging analysis, and to assess the potential of this technology in the quality and efficiency of dental diagnostics improvement.

Methods: A review of the scientific literature covering the years 2015-2024 was carried out, analyzing the results of studies on the effectiveness of artificial intelligence algorithms in caries detection. Publications evaluating parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, and precision compared to traditional diagnostic methods were included.

Results: AI algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks, present high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in caries detection, often outperforming traditional methods in detecting early lesions. The use of artificial intelligence standardizes the diagnosis, shortens the time of analysis, and reduces errors caused by a subjective clinical assessment. Major limitations include the need for high-quality training data, implementation costs, and challenges associated with technology acceptance.

Conclusions: Artificial intelligence has the potential to significantly improve caries detection, offering precision, efficiency, and algorithms standardization. However, taking full advantage of its capabilities requires further research, standardization of algorithms, andappropriate adaptation of the clinical environment.

Objective: Aim: The selection and experimental verification of plants that have antibacterial, soothing, and iodine-enriching activity to form the phyto-aid kit in the shelter conditions.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Antibacterial activity was studied using the disco-diffusion methods. The iodine strip method was used for iodine deficiency research. To study the anxiolytic effect of plants, the Spielberger-Khanin method was used. Statistical analysis was performed using JASP software.

Results: Results: Among the iodine-containing plants, Xanthium strumarium and Potentilla alba showed the greatest antibacterial activity. Studies of juices and fruits of fruit plants revealed the strongest antibacterial effect from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis. When comparing the iodine-enriching function of the group of iodine-containing plants, all the studied plants showed iodine-enriching activity, with a slight priority from Zostera marina and Lemna minor. Anxiolytic activity in the conditions of a shelter was also demonstrated by all the studied plants in the following decreasing order, namely Valeriana officinalis, Crataegus ucrainica.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The use of the studied plants in a shelter phyto-aid kit contributes to a more comfortable and safe stay for people in the shelter.

Objective: Aim: to determine the frequency and peculiarities of the clinical course of GD in patients with MAFLD depending on body mass index (BMI).

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: 324 patients with MAFLD were examined. At the first stage of the study, the frequency of GD in patients with MAFLD was determined. At the second stage of the study, the features of the clinical course of GD in patients with MAFLD were assessed.

Results: Results: The analysis of the results of ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity indicates a high incidence of GD in patients with MAFLD, namely in 117 (36.1 %) patients. In accordance with the aim of our study, patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (n=117) included patients with MAFLD and GD; group II included patients with MAFLD without GD (n=207). In patients with MAFLD and grade II obesity, mainly calculi larger than 10.0 mm were diagnosed. In patients with normal body weight, as well as with excessive body weight, calculi up to 5.0 mm in size are more often detected.

Conclusion: Conclusions: In 36.1 % of patients with MAFLD, gallbladder disease was detected. In patients with MAFLD, with the progression of obesity, a decrease in the size of gallstones was found.

Objective: Aim: To study the effect of native and UV-activated GdYVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles in different concentrations on the histological and biochemical indicators of kidney function.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Male rats (6 groups) were orally administered a colloidal solution of nanoparticles at doses of 50, 100, and 200 μg/kg body weight (native and UV-activated). An intact animal group was included. Each group contained 6 individuals. Pathohistological examination of kidney tissue and biochemical analysis of blood and kidney tissue homogenate were performed. Statistical analysis was done using the Mann-Whitney test.

Results: Results: Yellow granules were found in the glomerular tissue and tubular epithelium of rats. Volume voids were seen in the renal cortex with a medium-sized renal artery. As nanoparticle doses increased, the number of functioning glomeruli decreased, and both atrophic and hypertrophic glomeruli with hyperplasia of capillaries appeared. Higher doses were associated with increased transamidinase activity, von Willebrand factor, creatinine, and urea levels in blood serum, along with a decrease in ATP and total protein in kidney tissue. UV pre-irradiation of nanoparticles enhanced dystrophy, tissue death, and glomerular atrophy, with more pronounced biochemical shifts.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Pathohistological and biochemical analysis showed that oral administration of GdYVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles caused kidney damage, worsening with increased doses. UV-activated nanoparticles exacerbated renal damage.

Objective: Aim: The aim of the study was to identify the morphological features of brown adipose tissue in an experimental model of PCOS under intermittent cold exposure.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 40 immature female WAG rats, aged 27 days and weighing 80-90 g, which were divided into five groups (eight animals per group). Group 1 consisted of intact rats. Group 2 included rats that received daily subcutaneous injections of 0.2 ml of purified and sterilized olive oil for 25 days. Group 3 consisted of rats subjected to intermittent cold exposure for 25 days. Group 4 included rats in which dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS was modeled. Group 5 consisted of rats that, in addition to intermittent cold exposure, received DHEA administration. Rats in groups 1-5 were removed from the experiment on day 26 by cervical dislocation. The material for morphological study was brown adipose tissue, which was cut from the interscapular region during the autopsy of animals. Histological, morphometric and statistical research methods were used.

Results: Results: During the survey microscopy of the slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin, brown adipose tissue from the interscapular region of rats in all groups was characterized by the presence of parenchyma and stroma. Depending on the number of lipid droplets, all adipocytes were classified into three categories: adipocytes containing up to 5 lipid droplets (type 1 adipocytes); adipocytes containing 5-10 lipid droplets (type 2 adipocytes); and adipocytes containing more than 10 lipid droplets (type 3 adipocytes). Brown adipose tissue in DHEA-induced PCOS was characterized by a decrease in the number of type 3 adipocytes and an increase in the number of type 1 adipocytes; a reduction in adipocyte area, and an increase in adipocyte nuclear area. Under intermittent cold exposure and during DHEA administration combined with intermittent cold exposure, brown adipose tissue was characterized by a decrease in the number of type 1 and type 2 adipocytes and an increase in the number of type 3 adipocytes; a reduction in adipocyte area; an increase in adipocyte nuclear area; and an increase in the number of blood vessels in the stroma.

Conclusion: Conclusions: In DHEA-induced PCOS, under intermittent cold exposure, and during DHEA administration combined with intermittent cold exposure, activation of brown adipose tissue in the interscapular region is observed, with the degree of activation being minimally, moderately, and maximally expressed, respectively.