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Plate scale variation detecting method for LINC-NIRVANA LINC-NIRVANA平板尺度变化检测方法
Zha Yan, C. Arcidiacono, T. Herbst
LINC-NIRVANA is a near-infrared image-plane beam combiner with advanced layer-oriented multi-conjugated adaptive optics (MCAO) for the Large Binocular Telescope. The instrument will combine the lights from the two 8.4 m primary mirrors in “Fizeau” mode in which the wavefronts will interfere in the focal plane, not in the pupil plane, so it is a true imaging instrument. The field of view can be several arcminutes, only limited by the performance of the adaptive optics (AO) system to obtain near-zero aberration wavefronts over large sky angles. However, if the secondary mirrors of the MCAO system have mechanical displacement in a way that would make the plate scale of the two systems change and then may cause variant PSFs and a degradation of the image quality which may affect the fringe tracking performance. Thus it is very important to know whether the plate scale of LN changes or not. To try to compensate for this problem, a plate scale variation detecting method is proposed. The useful information is gotten from the un-overlapping wavefront which is measured by the high wave-front sensor (HWS), and then processed by an algorithm to extract the long-time exposure average value of wavefront tip and tilt which is related to and response to the plate scale change. The simulation study shows that the method is feasible, and the paper gives practical guidelines for the application of plate scale variation detecting for LINC-NIRVANA.
LINC-NIRVANA是一种近红外图像-平面光束组合器,具有先进的层向多共轭自适应光学(MCAO),用于大型双筒望远镜。该仪器将来自两个8.4米主镜的光以“菲索”模式组合在一起,波前将干涉焦平面,而不是瞳孔平面,因此它是一个真正的成像仪器。视场可达数角分,仅受限于自适应光学(AO)系统的性能,无法在大天角上获得接近零像差的波前。但是,如果MCAO系统的副镜发生机械位移,使两个系统的板尺度发生变化,则可能导致psf的变化和图像质量的下降,从而影响条纹跟踪性能。因此,了解LN的板尺度是否发生变化是非常重要的。为了弥补这一问题,提出了一种板尺变化检测方法。从高波前传感器(HWS)测量的无重叠波前中获取有用信息,然后通过一种算法提取与平板尺度变化相关和响应的波前尖端和倾斜的长时间曝光平均值。仿真研究表明,该方法是可行的,为LINC-NIRVANA板尺度变化检测的应用提供了实际指导。
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引用次数: 0
The development of six-channel quantitative real-time PCR filter sets for nucleic acid detection 核酸检测用六通道实时定量PCR过滤装置的研制
Ruisheng Wang, S. Ren, X. Yin, Shuaifeng Zhao, Peng Gao, Jing Ma
Analyzed the technical requirements of filter sets applied in 6-channel Quantitative Real-time PCR nucleic acid detection, and these filters meet the requirements were designed with double sides coating on single glass substrate, while each coating was about 200 layers. These coatings were manufactured on a plasma-assisted reactive magnetic sputtering (PARMS) machine, and the thickness error is less than 0.1%. Finally, the transmittance rates of these 6-channel real-time fluorescence PCR filters are <93%, the cut-off steepness was less than 1%, and the crosstalk was less than 1% in polychromatic fluorescence PCR.
分析了用于6通道定量实时PCR核酸检测的滤光片的技术要求,满足要求的滤光片设计为单层玻璃基板双面涂布,每次涂布约200层。这些涂层是在等离子体辅助反应磁溅射(PARMS)机上制备的,厚度误差小于0.1%。最后,6通道实时荧光PCR滤镜的透光率<93%,截止陡峭度小于1%,多色荧光PCR串扰小于1%。
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引用次数: 1
Study on the cooling method of deformable mirror under laser irradiation 激光辐照下变形镜冷却方法的研究
Yao-ping Zhang, Z. Lv, Guo-yun Long, Hong Zhou, Lin Cheng
The deformable mirrors are becoming more and more important in laser systems. As the laser power increases, the deformation of the thin mirror also increases under laser irradiation. In this paper, to reduce the temperature rising, several cooling methods were proposed. These methods include air knife cooling, pole heads cooling, PZTs + pole heads cooling, Cu columns implanted around PZTs cooling, and PZTs inter-infill cooling. This paper mainly calculated the cooling effect of these cooling methods on the deformable mirrors under laser irradiation. In addition, the different cooling media such as water and air was also studied. Based on the results, we found the air cooling effect is poor, and water cooling effect is obvious. The cooling effect of adding heat-conducting sheets and Cu columns is not obvious. It has a good cooling effect when adding a heat-conducting Cu block with the same honeycomb shape as PZTs on the back of the mirror, and the temperature rising can be reduced from 7.46 °C to 2.96 °C. These calculations are valuable for the application of deformable mirror cooling.
可变形反射镜在激光系统中占有越来越重要的地位。随着激光功率的增大,薄反射镜在激光照射下的变形也增大。为了降低温升,本文提出了几种冷却方法。这些方法包括气刀冷却、极头冷却、PZTs +极头冷却、PZTs周围植入铜柱冷却和PZTs内部填充冷却。本文主要计算了这些冷却方法在激光照射下对变形镜的冷却效果。此外,还对不同的冷却介质如水和空气进行了研究。结果表明,风冷效果较差,水冷效果明显。添加导热片和铜柱的冷却效果不明显。在镜面背面加入与PZTs相同蜂窝状的导热铜块,冷却效果良好,温升可由7.46℃降至2.96℃。这些计算结果对可变形镜面冷却的应用有一定的参考价值。
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引用次数: 0
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V/Inconel718 functionally graded materials by directed laser deposition 激光定向沉积Ti6Al4V/Inconel718功能梯度材料的组织与力学性能
Chenchen Song, S. Yuan, F. Niu, Tengda Di, G. Ma, Dongjiang Wu
Ti6Al4V/Inconel 718 functionally graded material combines the advantages of the two materials, it can fully meet the requirements of high temperature resistance, high strength and light weight in the extremely harsh environment of aerospace. Ti6Al4V/ Inconel 718 functional gradient materials were prepared by directed laser deposition. Scanning electron microscopy and electron probe micro-analysis were used to observe the microstructure and element distribution of functional gradient samples. The mechanical properties of the functionally graded sample were measured by Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the interface between Ti6Al4V and Inconel 718 is cleavage fracture, and the cleavage fracture is related to the formation and concentration of Ti2Ni, NiTi and Ni3Ti intermetallic compounds. A well-formed gradient sample is prepared by using gradient transition. Through the effective gradient transition form(100%Ti6Al4V- 90%Ti6Al4V/10% Inconel 718-80% Ti6Al4V/20% Inconel 718-100% Inconel 718), the element inhomogeneity at the interface is alleviated and a good metallurgical bond is formed. Along the gradient direction, the microhardness gradually increases with the increase of Inconel 718, reaching the maximum of 811HV. The reason for the increase in hardness is related to solid solution and precipitation strengthening of Ti2Ni intermetallic compounds.
Ti6Al4V/Inconel 718功能级配材料结合了两种材料的优点,能够充分满足航空航天等极端恶劣环境下对耐高温、高强度、轻量化的要求。采用激光定向沉积法制备了Ti6Al4V/ Inconel 718功能梯度材料。采用扫描电镜和电子探针微观分析对功能梯度样品的微观结构和元素分布进行了观察。用维氏硬度计测定了功能分级试样的力学性能。结果表明:Ti6Al4V与Inconel 718的界面为解理断裂,解理断裂与Ti2Ni、NiTi和Ni3Ti金属间化合物的形成和浓度有关;利用梯度跃迁制备了形状良好的梯度样品。通过有效的梯度转变形式(100%Ti6Al4V- 90%Ti6Al4V/10% Inconel 718-80% Ti6Al4V/20% Inconel 718-100% Inconel 718),缓解了界面处元素的不均匀性,形成了良好的金相结合。随着Inconel 718含量的增加,显微硬度沿梯度方向逐渐增大,达到最大值811HV。硬度提高的原因与Ti2Ni金属间化合物的固溶和析出强化有关。
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引用次数: 0
An investigation of error compensation for a 6-DoF industrial robot based on neural network and stiffness modelling 基于神经网络和刚度建模的六自由度工业机器人误差补偿研究
Xu Huang, L. Kong, Min Xu
With the development of intelligent manufacturing, the role of industrial robots is becoming more and more important. However, the relatively low absolute positioning accuracy limits industrial robot application in high precision manufacturing. The main reason for the low positioning accuracy of industrial robots comes from the series configuration and insufficient stiffness, which leads to large motion errors. This paper proposed an error compensation method based on BP neural network combined with industrial robot stiffness model. Firstly, the relationship between the joint angles, the space stiffness and the error of the industrial robot is established through the stiffness model. Then, the neural network training set was constructed based on the experimental data and the simulation data from the established stiffness model. Finally, based on the training results of BP neural network, the spatial positioning error of the 6-DOF industrial robot was measured and compensated. Experimental results show that the error compensation method based on BP neural network increases the position accuracy by 95%, and the spatial position error is reduced to less than 0.005mm. This validates that the working performance and accuracy of the industrial robot can be improved, which is helpful for the further application of industrial robot in precision machining and measurement.
随着智能制造的发展,工业机器人的作用越来越重要。然而,相对较低的绝对定位精度限制了工业机器人在高精度制造中的应用。工业机器人定位精度低的主要原因是系列配置和刚度不足,导致运动误差大。提出了一种基于BP神经网络结合工业机器人刚度模型的误差补偿方法。首先,通过刚度模型建立工业机器人关节角、空间刚度与误差之间的关系;然后,根据建立的刚度模型的实验数据和仿真数据构建神经网络训练集;最后,基于BP神经网络的训练结果,测量并补偿六自由度工业机器人的空间定位误差。实验结果表明,基于BP神经网络的误差补偿方法使定位精度提高了95%,空间定位误差减小到0.005mm以内。验证了工业机器人的工作性能和精度可以得到提高,有助于工业机器人在精密加工和测量领域的进一步应用。
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引用次数: 0
Plasmonic metasurfaces for far-and near-field orbital angular momentum manipulation 用于远场和近场轨道角动量操纵的等离子体超表面
Yihua Bai, Haoran Lv, J. Yao, Yuanjie Yang
Optical beam carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM) exhibits profound potential in optical communications, micromanipulation and other related fields due to its helical wavefront. However, complex configuration of manipulating optical vortices have hindered the realization of nanophotonic systems. Recently, owing to the ultrathin structure, plasmonic metasurfaces based on abrupt phase shift have aroused appreciable interest. In this paper, we introduce a multifunctional device that integrates a focusing apparatus and an orbital angular momentum generator by the use of the plasmonic metasurfaces. This metasurface combining Archimedean spirals and spatially variant nanoslits achieves plasmonic focusing and an optical needle in the near- and far-field, respectively. Moreover, generation of optical vortex beams is shown in the far- and near-field simultaneously, where light field can be arbitrarily manipulated. We expect this work to have further applications in integrated photonic systems.
携带轨道角动量的光束由于其螺旋波前特性,在光通信、微操作等相关领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而,复杂的光学旋涡操纵结构阻碍了纳米光子系统的实现。近年来,由于其超薄的结构,基于突变相移的等离子体超表面引起了人们极大的兴趣。本文介绍了一种利用等离子体超表面将聚焦装置和轨道角动量发生器集成在一起的多功能装置。该超表面结合了阿基米德螺旋和空间变化的纳米狭缝,分别在近场和远场实现了等离子体聚焦和光学针。此外,在远场和近场同时产生光涡旋光束,其中光场可以任意操纵。我们期望这项工作在集成光子系统中有进一步的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Controller design for the sub-axis of large aperture telescope base on fast observation target 基于快速观测目标的大口径望远镜子轴控制器设计
Rongqi Ma, Yunxia Xia, Xiang Liu, Liangzhu Yuan, Jiaming Lei, ZhiWeng Wang, Jia-guang Yuan, Tong Zhang, Chunsheng Xiang, Qiang Wang, Chuanxin Luo, Yongmei Huang, Y. Tan, Q. Bao, G. Ren
Compound axis servomechanism (CAS) is the most popular form of structure used in the large aperture telescope (LAT) system in the last few decades. In the control system of the CAS, the sub-axis which is driven by a fast-steering mirror (FSM) plays a decisive role in observation target tracking. In this paper, the kinetic dynamic of fast observation target (FOT) is analyzed by the time-frequency spectrum method. A sub-axis controller base on the FOT’s kinetic dynamic is proposed to improve the tracking performance of the CAS system. Traditional double-loop control is applied in sub-axis control. The inner loop is designed to provide a large bandwidth to cope with the FOT. As for the outer loop, a new control approach that is PIPI double integrations control is introduced to achieve a better tracking performance for the FOT. Additionally, the relationship between time delay and bandwidth of the LAT system is analyzed to demonstrate that the time delay is the main restriction to further improve the bandwidth of a CCD-based sub-axis controller. The theory and the simulation result indicate the proposed approach can improve the tracking performance of the LAT system to a certain extent, but still not sufficient when it comes to the FOT.
复合轴伺服机构(CAS)是近几十年来在大口径望远镜(LAT)系统中应用最广泛的结构形式。在CAS的控制系统中,由快速转向镜驱动的子轴对观测目标的跟踪起着决定性的作用。本文采用时频谱法对快速观测目标的动力学特性进行了分析。为了提高CAS系统的跟踪性能,提出了一种基于FOT动力学特性的子轴控制器。在分轴控制中采用传统的双环控制。内环的设计是为了提供大带宽来应对FOT。对于外环,引入了PIPI双积分控制的新控制方法,使ft具有更好的跟踪性能。此外,分析了LAT系统的时延与带宽的关系,表明时延是进一步提高基于ccd的子轴控制器带宽的主要制约因素。理论和仿真结果表明,该方法可以在一定程度上提高LAT系统的跟踪性能,但对于FOT来说仍然不够。
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引用次数: 0
Optical mirror surface shape on-site measurement based on reverse Hartmann test 基于反哈特曼试验的光学镜面形状现场测量
Bowen Xu, Shanshan Wang, Ci Song, Yinlong Hou, Feng Shi, Q. Hao
High-precision optical systems are increasingly being used in military, civil and aerospace fields. Computer numerical control small grinding head grinding technology, performing as an efficient ultra-precision machining method, has been widely used in the field of mirror processing and manufacturing. High-precision detection of the surface shape is a key step to ensure the quality of the precision processing of optical mirrors. This can be quickly and effectively achieved by on-site measurement, therefore improving processing efficiency. A method called reverse Hartmann test was proposed for ultra-precision grinding machine tools. This method not only ensures high detection accuracy, but also has the advantages of simple structure, high detection efficiency, and strong robust ability, which can be used to perform the on-site measurement inside the grinding machine tools. According to the application conditions, the actual reverse Hartmann surface shape on-site detection system was built inside the small grinding head machine tools, and the on-site measurement of the 250mm flat mirror was completed within 3 minutes. The surface shape measurement repeatability was better than λ/37, which proved the efficiency and feasibility of reverse Hartmann test shape on-site detection system.
高精度光学系统越来越多地应用于军事、民用和航空航天领域。计算机数控小磨头磨削技术作为一种高效的超精密加工方法,在镜面加工制造领域得到了广泛的应用。曲面形状的高精度检测是保证光学反射镜精密加工质量的关键环节。这可以通过现场测量快速有效地实现,从而提高加工效率。提出了一种超精密磨削机床的反向哈特曼试验方法。该方法不仅保证了较高的检测精度,而且结构简单,检测效率高,鲁棒性强,可用于磨削机床内部的现场测量。根据应用条件,在小磨头机床内部搭建实际反哈特曼面形现场检测系统,在3分钟内完成250mm平面镜的现场测量。表面形状测量的重复性优于λ/37,证明了反哈特曼测试形状现场检测系统的有效性和可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of wheel polishing technology based on industrial robot 基于工业机器人的车轮抛光技术研究
Yongsheng Yao, Qixin Li, Le Shen, Jiao-teng Ding, ZHEN YA Ma, XueWu Fan
In this paper, industrial robot is used as motion carrier and self-developed flexible wheel tool is used as polishing tool to realize low-cost, high-efficiency, and high-precision optical processing. Firstly, the mapping formula between the workpiece coordinates and the road point coordinates is deduced, and the position and posture data required for robot programming are obtained. Secondly, a new type of wheel polishing tool is designed, which controls the polishing pressure through a pneumatic floating structure to ensure the stability of the removal function. Finally, an off-axis paraboloid of φ345mm was processed using this technology. After three times of processing for 10 hours, the surface error converged from PV-2.111λ, RMS-0.249λ to PV-0.119λ, RMS-0.01λ. PV and RMS converged by 94% and 96%, respectively. This proves that the technology has the advantages of high efficiency and high precision, and is expected to be widely used in the field of precision optical processing.
本文以工业机器人为运动载体,采用自主研发的柔性轮式刀具作为抛光工具,实现了低成本、高效率、高精度的光学加工。首先推导了工件坐标与道路点坐标的映射公式,得到了机器人编程所需的位置和姿态数据;其次,设计了一种新型轮式抛光工具,通过气动浮动结构控制抛光压力,保证去除功能的稳定性。最后,利用该工艺加工了φ345mm的离轴抛物面。经过3次加工10小时后,表面误差从PV-2.111λ、RMS-0.249λ收敛到PV-0.119λ、RMS-0.01λ。PV和RMS分别收敛94%和96%。这证明了该技术具有高效率、高精度的优点,有望在精密光学加工领域得到广泛应用。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling and analysis of surface roughness in fused silica by CO2 laser smoothing CO2激光光滑法对熔融石英表面粗糙度的建模与分析
Xinyu Luo, Wei Yang, Yaguo Li
The research of CO2 laser smoothing fused silica to achieve smooth surface was investigated by simulations and experiments. Micro-flow smoothing of fused silica was numerically simulated. In the experiments, the influence of processing parameters, such as P (laser power), v (scanning velocity) and d (scanning path pitch) were taken into account on surface roughness (Ra) after laser irradiation. The results show that the roughness is rapidly reduced from 183.6nm to 14.27nm under P=35W, v=0.2mm/s, d=1.0mm, and thus the smooth surface is obtained. On the other hand, the raster structure will appear on the surface at inappropriate parameters (P=30W or v=0.5mm/s or d=2.0mm). The surface roughness highly influenced by raster structure ranges from ~40nm to ~140nm, 140.9nm for P=30W, 71.6nm for v=0.5mm/s, 41.3nm for d=2.0mm.
通过仿真和实验研究了CO2激光光顺熔融二氧化硅以获得光滑表面的方法。对熔融石英的微流动平滑进行了数值模拟。实验中考虑了P(激光功率)、v(扫描速度)和d(扫描路径间距)等工艺参数对激光辐照后表面粗糙度Ra的影响。结果表明:当P=35W, v=0.2mm/s, d=1.0mm时,表面粗糙度从183.6nm迅速降低到14.27nm,获得了光滑的表面;另一方面,在不合适的参数(P=30W或v=0.5mm/s或d=2.0mm)下,表面会出现光栅结构。光栅结构对表面粗糙度的影响范围为~40nm ~ ~140nm, P=30W时为140.9nm, v=0.5mm/s时为71.6nm, d=2.0mm时为41.3nm。
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引用次数: 0
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International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies (AOMATT)
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