Vision Research最新文献_第2页

Brief memory reactivation may not improve visual perception 短暂记忆再激活可能不会改善视觉感知。

IF 1.5 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108543

Jun-Ping Zhu, Jun-Yun Zhang

Visual perceptual learning often requires a substantial number of trials to observe significant learning effects. Previously Amar-Halpert et al. (2017) have shown that brief reactivation (5 trials/day) is sufficient to improve the performance of the texture discrimination task (TDT), yielding comparable improvements to those achieved through full practice (252 trials/day). The finding is important since it would refine our understanding of learning mechanisms and applications. In the current study, we attempted to replicate these experiments using a larger number of observers and an improved experimental design. Using between-group comparison, we did find significant improvements in the reactivation group and the full-practice group as Amar-Halpert et al. (2017) showed. However, these improvements were comparable to those of the no-reactivation group with no exposure to the TDT task over the same period. Importantly, our within-group comparison showed that both the reactivation and no-reactivation groups exhibited additional significant improvements after further practicing the TDT task for an additional three days, demonstrating that the full-practice effect was significantly superior to the effects of brief memory reactivation or simple test–retest. Besides, when refining the constant stimuli method with fewer stimulus levels and more trials per level, we still observed comparable improvements brought by the reactivation and no-reactivation groups. Therefore, our results suggested that brief memory reactivation may not significantly contribute to the improvement of perceptual learning, and traditional perceptual training could still be a necessary and effective approach for substantial improvements.

视觉感知学习通常需要大量的试验来观察显著的学习效果。此前，Amar-Halpert等人（2017）已经表明，短暂的再激活（5次/天）足以提高纹理识别任务（TDT）的性能，与完全练习（252次/天）所取得的改进相当。这一发现很重要，因为它将完善我们对学习机制和应用的理解。在当前的研究中，我们试图使用更多的观察者和改进的实验设计来重复这些实验。通过组间比较，我们确实发现如Amar-Halpert等人（2017）所示，再激活组和全面练习组有显著改善。然而，这些改善与在同一时期没有接触TDT任务的非再激活组的改善相当。重要的是，我们的组内比较表明，再激活组和非再激活组在进一步练习TDT任务三天后都表现出额外的显著改善，这表明全面练习的效果明显优于短暂记忆再激活或简单测试重测的效果。此外，当我们改进恒定刺激方法时，减少刺激水平，增加每个水平的试验次数，我们仍然观察到再激活组和非再激活组带来的可比性改善。因此，我们的研究结果表明，短暂记忆再激活可能对知觉学习的改善没有显著的贡献，传统的知觉训练仍然是一个必要和有效的方法。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of feedback and task accuracy in serial dependence to orientation 反馈和任务精度对定向序列依赖的影响。

IF 1.5 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108536

Zoë Little , Colin W.G. Clifford

Assimilative serial dependence in perception occurs where responses about a stimulus (e.g., orientation) are biased towards previously seen perceptual information (e.g., the orientation of the stimulus shown on the previous trial). This bias may occur to perceptual information from the previous trial, or to the response or decision made on the previous trial. We asked whether providing response feedback could change the serial dependence effect on the following trial. Twenty-one participants completed a task in which they adjusted an on-screen pointer to reproduce the orientation of a briefly-presented Gabor stimulus. They received feedback about the accuracy of their response that either reflected their actual accuracy or was random. We found significant positive biases to the stimulus and response only when the participant had received positive (“correct!”) feedback on that trial. When the inducer response had been incorrect, the effect was significant only to the response itself and not to the stimulus. Overall, we suggest that our participants demonstrated a bias towards the percept from the previous trial, which is better represented by the response than the stimulus for incorrect trials, and that this effect can be modulated post-perceptually by feedback.

当对刺激的反应（例如，方向）偏向于先前看到的知觉信息（例如，在先前的试验中显示的刺激的方向）时，知觉中的同化序列依赖就会发生。这种偏差可能发生在前一次试验的感知信息上，也可能发生在前一次试验的反应或决定上。我们询问提供应答反馈是否会改变后续试验的序列依赖效应。21名参与者完成了一项任务，他们调整屏幕上的指针来重现一个短暂呈现的Gabor刺激的方向。他们收到了关于他们回答的准确性的反馈，这些反馈要么反映了他们的实际准确性，要么是随机的。我们发现，只有当参与者在试验中得到积极（“正确！”）的反馈时，他们才会对刺激和反应产生显著的积极偏见。当诱导反应不正确时，这种影响只对反应本身有意义，而对刺激没有意义。总的来说，我们认为我们的参与者表现出对先前试验感知的偏见，这种偏见在错误试验的反应中比在刺激中更好地表现出来，并且这种影响可以通过反馈在感知后被调节。

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引用次数: 0

Attention modulates subjective time perception across eye movements 注意通过眼动调节主观时间感知。

IF 1.5 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108540

Chuyao Yan , Hao Wang , Xueyan Jiang , Zhiguo Wang

Prior research has established that actions, such as eye movements, influence time perception. However, the relationship between pre-saccadic attention, which is often associated with eye movement, and subjective time perception is not explored. Our study examines the impact of pre-saccadic attention on the subjective experience of time during eye movements, particularly focusing on its influence on subjective time perception at the saccade target. Participants were presented with two clocks featuring spinning hands, positioned at distinct locations corresponding to fixation and the saccade target. They were required to report the perceived time of these clocks across the eye movements, enabling us to measure and compare both the perceived and actual timing at these specific clock locations. In Experiment 1, we observed that participants tended to report the timing of their eyes’ arrival at the target location as occurring slightly ahead of the actual time. In contrast, in Experiment 2, when participants divert their attention to the fixation clock prior to the imperative saccade, this perceptual bias diminishes. These results indicate that subjective time perception is strongly impacted by attentional conditions across the two experiments. Together, these findings offer further evidence for the notion that stable time perception during eye movements is not solely an inherent property of the eye movement system but also encompasses other cognitive mechanisms, such as attention.

Statement of relevance

While we often remain unaware of the frequent saccades (rapid eye movements) we make, they have a profound impact on our perception of the world and the flow of time. Nevertheless, the connection between pre-saccadic attention, often associated with eye movements, and our subjective perception of time remains largely unexplored. In our research, we investigated the relationship between attention and our subjective experience of time. Our findings revealed the crucial role of attention, serving as a bridge between the physical movements of our eyes and our internal sense of temporal continuity. In essence, although previous studies have demonstrated the impact of eye movements on time perception, our current study emphasizes the critical influence of attention during the preparatory phase of saccades on the subjective experience of time during eye movements.

先前的研究已经证实，眼球运动等行为会影响时间感知。然而，眼动前注意与主观时间感知之间的关系尚未得到探讨。本研究探讨了眼球运动过程中，跳眼前注意对主观时间体验的影响，尤其关注其对跳眼目标主观时间感知的影响。研究人员向参与者展示了两个带有旋转指针的时钟，它们分别位于注视和扫视目标的不同位置。他们被要求通过眼动报告这些时钟的感知时间，使我们能够测量和比较这些特定时钟位置的感知时间和实际时间。在实验1中，我们观察到参与者倾向于报告他们的眼睛到达目标位置的时间略早于实际时间。相比之下，在实验2中，当参与者在命令性扫视之前将注意力转移到注视时钟上时，这种感知偏差减弱了。这些结果表明，主观时间感知在两个实验中都受到注意条件的强烈影响。总之，这些发现为以下观点提供了进一步的证据：眼球运动过程中的稳定时间感知不仅是眼动系统的固有属性，还包括其他认知机制，如注意力。相关性陈述：虽然我们经常没有意识到我们频繁的扫视（快速眼球运动），但它们对我们对世界和时间流逝的感知产生了深远的影响。然而，眼动前注意力（通常与眼球运动有关）与我们对时间的主观感知之间的联系在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在我们的研究中，我们调查了注意力和我们对时间的主观体验之间的关系。我们的研究结果揭示了注意力的关键作用，它是我们眼睛的物理运动和我们内心对时间连续性的感觉之间的桥梁。从本质上讲，虽然以往的研究已经证明了眼球运动对时间感知的影响，但我们目前的研究强调了扫视准备阶段的注意力对眼球运动过程中主观时间体验的关键影响。

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引用次数: 0

Scene complexity and the detail trace of human long-term visual memory 场景复杂性与人类长期视觉记忆的细节痕迹。

IF 1.5 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108525

Cameron Kyle-Davidson, Oscar Solis, Stephen Robinson, Ryan Tze Wang Tan, Karla K. Evans

Humans can remember a vast amount of scene images; an ability often attributed to encoding only low-fidelity gist traces of a scene. Instead, studies show a surprising amount of detail is retained for each scene image allowing them to be distinguished from highly similar in-category distractors. The gist trace for images can be relatively easily captured through both computational and behavioural techniques, but capturing detail is much harder. While detail can be broadly estimated at the categorical level (e.g. man-made scenes more complex than natural), there is a lack of both ground-truth detail data at the sample level and a way to operationalise it for measurement purposes. Here through three different studies, we investigate whether the perceptual complexity of scenes can serve as a suitable analogue for the detail present in a scene, and hence whether we can use complexity to determine the relationship between scene detail and visual long term memory for scenes. First we examine this relationship directly using the VISCHEMA datasets, to determine whether the perceived complexity of a scene interacts with memorability, finding a significant positive correlation between complexity and memory, in contrast to the hypothesised U-shaped relation often proposed in the literature. In the second study we model complexity via artificial means, and find that even predicted measures of complexity still correlate with the overall ground-truth memorability of a scene, indicating that complexity and memorability cannot be easily disentangled. Finally, we investigate how cognitive load impacts the influence of scene complexity on image memorability. Together, findings indicate complexity and memorability do vary non-linearly, but generally it is limited to the extremes of the image complexity ranges. The effect of complexity on memory closely mirrors previous findings that detail enhances memory, and suggests that complexity is a suitable analogue for detail in visual long-term scene memory.

人类可以记住大量的场景图像；这种能力通常被认为是对场景的低保真主要痕迹进行编码。相反，研究表明，每个场景图像保留了惊人数量的细节，使它们与高度相似的类别内干扰物区分开来。通过计算和行为技术可以相对容易地捕获图像的主要轨迹，但捕获细节要困难得多。虽然细节可以在分类水平上大致估计（例如，人造场景比自然场景更复杂），但在样本水平上缺乏真实的细节数据，也缺乏将其用于测量目的的操作方法。在这里，我们通过三个不同的研究，探讨场景的感知复杂性是否可以作为场景中存在的细节的合适模拟，从而我们是否可以使用复杂性来确定场景细节与场景视觉长期记忆之间的关系。首先，我们直接使用VISCHEMA数据集检查这种关系，以确定场景的感知复杂性是否与记忆相互作用，发现复杂性和记忆之间存在显著的正相关关系，与文献中经常提出的假设u型关系相反。在第二项研究中，我们通过人工手段对复杂性进行建模，并发现即使预测的复杂性度量仍然与场景的整体真实记忆性相关，这表明复杂性和记忆性不容易分开。最后，我们研究了认知负荷如何影响场景复杂性对图像记忆的影响。总之，研究结果表明复杂性和可记忆性确实呈非线性变化，但通常仅限于图像复杂性范围的极端情况。复杂性对记忆的影响与先前的研究结果非常相似，即细节可以增强记忆，这表明复杂性是视觉长期场景记忆中细节的合适类比。

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引用次数: 0

Short-term visual adaptation to body shape induces sustained aftereffect on body size estimation 对体型的短期视觉适应对体型估计产生持续的后效。

IF 1.5 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108538

Xiaohui Sang , Xue Dong , Min Bao

Visual adaptation to thin or large bodies was found to shift the subjective body normality towards the adapting body shape. Here we investigated the persistency of such adaptation effect by tracking the timecourse of decay of short-term body size adaptation in young healthy Chinese women. Participants adapted to contracted or expanded body images of unfamiliar female volunteers with a top-up paradigm. Their subjective point of normal body size (PNS) was measured before, immediately after and 10/20/30 min after adaptation. The results showed that about 12 min of adaptation to contracted or expanded body stimuli could shift participants’ estimations of body normality towards the adapting body shape, with the effect sustaining for more than 30 min after the end of adaptation. In addition, by fitting the timecourse of decay of adaptation with the exponential, power or logarithmic functions, we found that the recovery of body size adaptation effect could be best described with the logarithmic models. These findings indicated that short-term exposure to distorted body shapes of other people could lead to a lingering bias on body size estimation.

研究发现，对瘦或大身体的视觉适应使主观身体常态向适应体型转变。本研究通过追踪中国年轻健康女性短期体型适应衰退的时间过程，探讨了这种适应效应的持久性。参与者适应了不熟悉的女性志愿者的收缩或扩大的身体图像。分别在适应前、适应后和适应后10/20/30 min测量受试者的主观正常体型点（PNS）。结果表明，约12分钟的身体收缩或扩张刺激适应可以使被试对身体正常状态的估计向适应体型的方向转变，这种影响在适应结束后持续30分钟以上。此外，通过指数函数、幂函数和对数函数对适应衰减的时间过程进行拟合，发现对数模型最能描述体型适应效应的恢复。这些发现表明，短期接触他人扭曲的体型可能会导致对体型估计的挥之不去的偏见。

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引用次数: 0

Theory of morphodynamic information processing: Linking sensing to behaviour 形态动力信息处理理论：将感知与行为联系起来

IF 1.5 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108537

Mikko Juusola , Jouni Takalo , Joni Kemppainen , Keivan Razban Haghighi , Ben Scales , James McManus , Alice Bridges , HaDi MaBouDi , Lars Chittka

The traditional understanding of brain function has predominantly focused on chemical and electrical processes. However, new research in fruit fly (Drosophila) binocular vision reveals ultrafast photomechanical photoreceptor movements significantly enhance information processing, thereby impacting a fly’s perception of its environment and behaviour. The coding advantages resulting from these mechanical processes suggest that similar physical motion-based coding strategies may affect neural communication ubiquitously. The theory of neural morphodynamics proposes that rapid biomechanical movements and microstructural changes at the level of neurons and synapses enhance the speed and efficiency of sensory information processing, intrinsic thoughts, and actions by regulating neural information in a phasic manner. We propose that morphodynamic information processing evolved to drive predictive coding, synchronising cognitive processes across neural networks to match the behavioural demands at hand effectively.

对脑功能的传统理解主要集中在化学和电过程上。然而，一项关于果蝇双眼视觉的新研究表明，超快的光感受器运动显著增强了信息处理，从而影响了果蝇对环境和行为的感知。这些机械过程产生的编码优势表明，类似的基于物理运动的编码策略可能无处不在地影响神经通信。神经形态动力学理论认为，神经元和突触水平上的快速生物力学运动和微观结构变化通过阶段性地调节神经信息，提高了感觉信息处理、内在思想和行动的速度和效率。我们提出，形态动力学信息处理进化为驱动预测编码，同步跨神经网络的认知过程，以有效地匹配手头的行为需求。

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引用次数: 0

The Polar Saccadic Flow model: Re-modeling the center bias from fixations to saccades

IF 1.5 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108546

Rotem Mairon, Ohad Ben-Shahar

Research indicates that a significant component of human eye movement behavior constitutes a set of consistent biases independent of visual content, the most well-known of which is the central bias. While all prior art focuses on representing saccadic motion and biases in Cartesian retinotopic coordinates, here we propose the Polar Saccadic Flow model, a novel approach for modeling saccades’ space-dependent biases in a polar representation. By breaking saccades into orientation and amplitude, the Polar Saccadic Flow model enables more accurate modeling of these components, leading also to a better understanding of the saccadic bias. Moreover, the polar representation also uncovers hitherto unknown patterns and biases in eye movement data, allowing for a more detailed and nuanced analysis of saccadic behavior. These findings have implications for the study of human visual perception, can help to develop more accurate eye movement models, and also may improve eye tracking technologies.

引用次数: 0

Testing the memory encoding cost theory using the multiple cues paradigm

IF 1.5 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108552

Jian Li , Huixin Song , Xiaoqi Huang , Yingtao Fu , Chenxiao Guan , Luo Chen , Mowei Shen , Hui Chen

Recent developments have introduced the Memory Encoding Cost (MEC) theory to explain the role of attention in exogenous spatial cueing effects. According to this theory, the cost effect (when comparing invalid to neutral cues) arises from attentional suppression resulting from memory encoding of the cue. Conversely, the benefit effect (when comparing valid to neutral cues) is thought to result from a combination of attentional facilitation caused by the cue and encoding-related attentional suppression. This study tests the MEC theory by investigating whether encoding-induced cost increases as the number of cues presented increases. In Experiment 1, participants identified a target letter, which was occasionally preceded by one or three exogenous cues. The results showed that multiple cues resulted in a larger cost effect and a smaller (or even reversed) benefit effect compared to a single cue. This asymmetry between cost and benefit effects was consistently observed across experiments, even when controlling for factors like forward masking and target salience in Experiment 2, or using placeholders as in prior research in Experiment 3. These findings are more consistent with the MEC theory than with traditional attention models. In conclusion, our results provide strong support for the MEC theory, highlighting the importance of both attentional facilitation and encoding-induced suppression in explaining exogenous spatial cueing effects.

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引用次数: 0

Coloured overlays improve reading speed and reading experience in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome

IF 1.5 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108550

Kajsa Gode , Sarah Weström , Jan Johansson

High prevalences of visual dysfunction and reading-related symptoms have been found in patients with rehabilitation needs after COVID-19 infection. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of coloured overlays on reading speed and reading experience. Twenty-nine patients (45.2 ± 11.3 years) with reading- and vision-related impairments after Covid-19 infection were included. Symptoms were assessed with the Visual Discomfort Scale and Mental Fatigue Scale. A visual function assessment was performed by a licensed optometrist. Coloured overlays were tried out individually and the Wilkins Rate of Reading test was used to measure the effect on reading speed in words per minute (wpm). The mean reading speed with overlays was 133.1 ± 37.2 and 124.9 ± 39.6 wpm without (t = 3.7, df = 28, p < 0.01). Fifteen patients (51.7 %) read faster by median 9.9 % (5.0–70.8 %). Most of the patients (83.3 %) experienced positive visuo-perceptual effects when using the overlay. A high prevalence of visual function problems was found. The Visual Discomfort Scale score was positively correlated with Mental Fatigue Scale score (r = 0.67, p < 0.01) and improvement in reading speed (r = 0.48, p = 0.03). The overlays showed promise as a means for alleviating visual discomfort and improve reading speed. Additional findings suggest that interventions targeting visual function and mental fatigue also need to be considered. The improvement in reading with the overlays and its positive correlation with visual discomfort score seem consistent with the attribution of reading difficulty and perceptual distortion to cortical hyperexcitability, a feature that have been indicated after Covid-19.

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引用次数: 0

Number is more than meets the eye: Unveiling segmentation mechanisms in numerosity perception with visual illusions

IF 1.5 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108547

Andrea Adriano , Michaël Vande Velde

Animals and humans possess an adaptive ability to rapidly estimate approximate numerosity, yet the visual mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. Evidence suggests that approximate numerosity relies on segmented perceptual units modulated by grouping cues, with perceived numerosity decreasing when objects are connected by irrelevant lines, independent of low-level features. However, most studies have focused on physical objects.

Illusory contours (ICs) are powerful tools for exploring visual segmentation mechanisms, as “illusory” objects exhibit perceptual biases (e.g., tilt aftereffect) similar to real objects, suggesting shared processing mechanisms. To investigate whether approximate numerosity perception of ICs is influenced by connectedness, we conducted a psychophysical forced-choice task. Participants compared Ehrenstein-like ICs ensembles of varying numerosities interspersed with four task-irrelevant lines. We manipulated the number of connected pairs (0, 2, or 4) by aligning lines with the ICs-triggering gaps, while controlling low-level features across conditions. Our results revealed a monotonic underestimation of numerosity as connections increased, with constant precision reflecting Weber-like encoding. Reaction times proportionally increased with connectedness, suggesting an underlying recurrent neural mechanism. These findings demonstrate that ICs ensembles are subject to the same connectedness effect as real objects, supporting a shared visual mechanism for numerosity extraction.

This work highlights the parallels between real and illusory object processing and provides insights into segmentation mechanisms relevant to models of artificial intelligence and visual perception.

动物和人类都具有快速估计近似数值的适应能力，但人们对这一过程的视觉机制仍然知之甚少。有证据表明，近似数值依赖于由分组线索调节的分段感知单元，当物体被无关的线段连接时，感知到的数值会降低，这与低级特征无关。然而，大多数研究都集中在实物上。虚幻轮廓（IC）是探索视觉分割机制的有力工具，因为 "虚幻 "物体会表现出与真实物体类似的知觉偏差（如倾斜后效），这表明它们具有共同的处理机制。为了研究集成电路的近似数字感知是否受连接性的影响，我们进行了一项心理物理强迫选择任务。受试者比较了穿插着四条与任务无关的线的不同数字度的艾伦斯坦集成电路组合。我们通过将线条与集成电路触发间隙对齐来操纵连接对的数量（0、2 或 4），同时控制不同条件下的低级特征。我们的结果表明，随着连接的增加，对数字的低估呈单调趋势，而精确度的恒定则反映了韦伯式编码。反应时间随着连接度的增加而成正比增加，这表明存在潜在的递归神经机制。这些研究结果表明，集成电路集合与真实物体具有相同的连通性效应，从而支持了数字提取的共同视觉机制。这项研究强调了真实物体和虚幻物体处理过程之间的相似性，并为人工智能和视觉感知模型相关的分割机制提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0