Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108683
Wiktor F. Młynarski
Populations of sensory neurons are not homogeneous. Even neighboring neurons located in the same brain area can process identical stimuli in significantly different ways. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are a prominent example of such heterogeneity — they exhibit diverse properties whose computational role and purpose remain mysterious. In this review, we explore normative theories of neural computation that attempt to explain the origins and role of functional variability in the retina. We first express a general mathematical formulation of normative theories of neural computation and identify components of these theories that can explain the heterogeneity of sensory populations. We then organize existing theoretical studies of retinal coding according to the factors they highlight as explanations of the computational diversity in the retina — the beginning of the visual hierarchy.
{"title":"Origins and objectives of computational diversity in sensory populations","authors":"Wiktor F. Młynarski","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Populations of sensory neurons are not homogeneous. Even neighboring neurons located in the same brain area can process identical stimuli in significantly different ways. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are a prominent example of such heterogeneity — they exhibit diverse properties whose computational role and purpose remain mysterious. In this review, we explore normative theories of neural computation that attempt to explain the origins and role of functional variability in the retina. We first express a general mathematical formulation of normative theories of neural computation and identify components of these theories that can explain the heterogeneity of sensory populations. We then organize existing theoretical studies of retinal coding according to the factors they highlight as explanations of the computational diversity in the retina — the beginning of the visual hierarchy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 108683"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108707
Narumi Ogawa , Isamu Motoyoshi
Humans not only perceive material properties of natural surfaces but also evaluate their affective qualities, such as pleasantness or unpleasantness. Recent psychophysical studies suggest that such emotional impressions can arise directly from low-level image statistics, independent of object recognition. To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying these immediate affective responses, we recorded visual evoked potentials (VEPs) while participants viewed 150 images of natural surfaces varying in affective valence. We identified occipital VEP components emerging around 100–150 ms after stimulus onset that were significantly correlated with subjective unpleasantness ratings. Moreover, these unpleasantness-related VEPs were accurately predicted by a linear combination of VEP components associated with a small set of diagnostic image statistics. Our findings indicate that early visual cortical activity encodes image features that give rise to unpleasant affective responses, supporting the notion that rapid, low-level visual processing can directly contribute to the emotional evaluation of visual textures and materials.
{"title":"Rapid cortical responses to the unpleasantness of natural surfaces and their relationship to image statistics","authors":"Narumi Ogawa , Isamu Motoyoshi","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humans not only perceive material properties of natural surfaces but also evaluate their affective qualities, such as pleasantness or unpleasantness. Recent psychophysical studies suggest that such emotional impressions can arise directly from low-level image statistics, independent of object recognition. To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying these immediate affective responses, we recorded visual evoked potentials (VEPs) while participants viewed 150 images of natural surfaces varying in affective valence. We identified occipital VEP components emerging around 100–150 ms after stimulus onset that were significantly correlated with subjective unpleasantness ratings. Moreover, these unpleasantness-related VEPs were accurately predicted by a linear combination of VEP components associated with a small set of diagnostic image statistics. Our findings indicate that early visual cortical activity encodes image features that give rise to unpleasant affective responses, supporting the notion that rapid, low-level visual processing can directly contribute to the emotional evaluation of visual textures and materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 108707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Contextual feedback in object recognition: A biologically inspired computational model and human behavioral study” [Vision Res. 237 (2025) 108679]","authors":"Elahe Soltandoost , Karim Rajaei , Reza Ebrahimpour","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108698","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 108698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108677
D. Schluppeck , D. Arnoldussen , Z. Hussain , J. Besle , S.T. Francis , P.V. McGraw
Amblyopia is a common disorder of spatial vision and is frequently associated with the presence of anisometropia, strabismus, or both, during visual development. For highly visible stimuli, subjects with strabismic amblyopia often report marked spatial distortions, but the neural basis of this supra-threshold deficit is not well understood. Here, we used a combination of behavioural measurements and visual field mapping with high spatial-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 7 T to assess perceptual distortions in 12 participants with strabismic amblyopia and 9 control subjects. We measured both behavioural and cortical visual field maps monocularly through each eye. Although amblyopic subjects showed increased perceptual distortions, the layout of V1 maps, as measured through the eccentricity and size of population receptive fields, was largely unaltered compared to controls, with no discernible difference in cortical magnification between groups. This suggests that disruptions to V1 retinotopy do not explain the perceptual distortions experienced by amblyopes.
{"title":"Strabismus and amblyopia disrupt spatial perception but not the fidelity of cortical maps in human primary visual cortex","authors":"D. Schluppeck , D. Arnoldussen , Z. Hussain , J. Besle , S.T. Francis , P.V. McGraw","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amblyopia is a common disorder of spatial vision and is frequently associated with the presence of anisometropia, strabismus, or both, during visual development. For highly visible stimuli, subjects with strabismic amblyopia often report marked spatial distortions, but the neural basis of this supra-threshold deficit is not well understood. Here, we used a combination of behavioural measurements and visual field mapping with high spatial-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 7 T to assess perceptual distortions in 12 participants with strabismic amblyopia and 9 control subjects. We measured both behavioural and cortical visual field maps monocularly through each eye. Although amblyopic subjects showed increased perceptual distortions, the layout of V1 maps, as measured through the eccentricity and size of population receptive fields, was largely unaltered compared to controls, with no discernible difference in cortical magnification between groups. This suggests that disruptions to V1 retinotopy do not explain the perceptual distortions experienced by amblyopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 108677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-27DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108680
Ljubica Jovanovic , Kristian Skoczek , Paul McGraw , Neil Roach , Alan Johnston
Topographic maps early in visual processing preserve the spatial relations of visual stimuli but the metric relationships between these visual directions is not directly accessible. To investigate the magnocellular pathway’s role in metric spatial vision, we employed an adaptation paradigm. Exposure to a 60 Hz flickering disc array (subjectively invisible) induced a systematic compression in the perceived distance between subsequently presented dot pairs. This compression was strongest when adaptation preferentially modulated low spatial frequency channels, consistent with the properties of transient channels tuned to low spatial and high temporal frequencies. Crucially, this compression was attenuated when the adaptor consisted of two cyan lattices rotating on a magenta background near isoluminance, as confirmed by a global motion direction discrimination task. The same pattern emerged when test dots were isoluminant with the background, ruling out test-adaptor similarity as a critical factor. Finally, an isoluminant red-green adaptor flickering on a yellow background induced compression at 3 Hz, but not at 60 Hz. This dissociation aligns with the known properties of magnocellular neurons, which are insesitive to high temporal frequency isoluminant red-green modulation, but can respond to slow isoluminant red-green modulations. These findings reveal a novel role of the magnocellular pathway in metric spatial vision.
{"title":"The contribution of magnocellular selective adaptation to spatial distance compression","authors":"Ljubica Jovanovic , Kristian Skoczek , Paul McGraw , Neil Roach , Alan Johnston","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Topographic maps early in visual processing preserve the spatial relations of visual stimuli but the metric relationships between these visual directions is not directly accessible. To investigate the magnocellular pathway’s role in metric spatial vision, we employed an adaptation paradigm. Exposure to a 60 Hz flickering disc array (subjectively invisible) induced a systematic compression in the perceived distance between subsequently presented dot pairs. This compression was strongest when adaptation preferentially modulated low spatial frequency channels, consistent with the properties of transient channels tuned to low spatial and high temporal frequencies. Crucially, this compression was attenuated when the adaptor consisted of two cyan lattices rotating on a magenta background near isoluminance, as confirmed by a global motion direction discrimination task. The same pattern emerged when test dots were isoluminant with the background, ruling out test-adaptor similarity as a critical factor. Finally, an isoluminant red-green adaptor flickering on a yellow background induced compression at 3 Hz, but not at 60 Hz. This dissociation aligns with the known properties of magnocellular neurons, which are insesitive to high temporal frequency isoluminant red-green modulation, but can respond to slow isoluminant red-green modulations. These findings reveal a novel role of the magnocellular pathway in metric spatial vision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 108680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-16DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108676
Yu-Wan Zhao , Jing-Wen Xiang , Yong-Chun Cai
Spatial suppression is a phenomenon in which, for high-contrast stimuli, larger stimuli typically elicit weaker neural responses and produce worse perceptual performance compared to smaller stimuli. This phenomenon is thought to arise from inhibitory connections between neurons. Although recent studies have suggested that feedback connections from high areas can influence these inhibitory processes, implying that attention may modulate spatial suppression, direct evidence for such modulation remains scarce. In particular, the impact of an important component of attention, alerting, has been overlooked. The present study aimed to explore the effects of two distinct components of attention—alerting and orienting—on spatial suppression. Our results indicate that alerting enhances spatial suppression. Furthermore, upon isolating the influence of orienting after controlling for alerting levels, we discovered that the influence of orienting on spatial suppression is feature-dependent. Specifically, while orienting attention to orientation enhances spatial suppression, orienting to contrast does not elicit the same effect. Our results indicate that spatial suppression is a flexible processing mechanism subject to widespread high-level cognitive modulations.
{"title":"Modulation of alerting and orienting attention on spatial suppression","authors":"Yu-Wan Zhao , Jing-Wen Xiang , Yong-Chun Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatial suppression is a phenomenon in which, for high-contrast stimuli, larger stimuli typically elicit weaker neural responses and produce worse perceptual performance compared to smaller stimuli. This phenomenon is thought to arise from inhibitory connections between neurons. Although recent studies have suggested that feedback connections from high areas can influence these inhibitory processes, implying that attention may modulate spatial suppression, direct evidence for such modulation remains scarce. In particular, the impact of an important component of attention, alerting, has been overlooked. The present study aimed to explore the effects of two distinct components of attention—alerting and orienting—on spatial suppression. Our results indicate that alerting enhances spatial suppression. Furthermore, upon isolating the influence of orienting after controlling for alerting levels, we discovered that the influence of orienting on spatial suppression is feature-dependent. Specifically, while orienting attention to orientation enhances spatial suppression, orienting to contrast does not elicit the same effect. Our results indicate that spatial suppression is a flexible processing mechanism subject to widespread high-level cognitive modulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 108676"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108678
Laura Schwalm , Ralph Radach , Victor Kuperman
A well-documented phenomenon in research on eye movement control during reading is the systematic relationship between the landing positions of forward saccades and target word characteristics. However, the behaviour of regressive saccades, which move the eyes in the opposite direction, remains less explored. This study delves into the landing positions of regressive saccades, emphasizing the distinction between intra-word and inter-word regressions, across diverse languages. Using data from the MECO L1 project, which includes eye-tracking data from 589 participants across 13 languages, we scrutinize the precise landing positions of regressions vis-à-vis forward saccades. Our analysis shows a robust effect of launch distance on landing positions for progressive saccades, with undershoots increasing as launch distance grows and overshoots with shorter launch distances. In contrast, regressive inter-word saccades show only minimal variation in landing positions, typically landing near the centre of the target word regardless of launch distance or word length. Intra-word regressions, however, display a pattern similar to progressive saccades, where the landing position is influenced by launch distance, tending to overshoot the optimal viewing position as the launch site moves away from the word’s end. This pattern is consistent across all languages. These findings support the notion of cross-linguistic universality in oculomotor control mechanisms during reading, particularly the precision of regressive saccades. They align with the spatial coding hypothesis, suggesting that precise spatial memory of word positions guides regressive saccades.
{"title":"The metrics of regressive saccades during reading in 13 written languages","authors":"Laura Schwalm , Ralph Radach , Victor Kuperman","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A well-documented phenomenon in research on eye movement control during reading is the systematic relationship between the landing positions of forward saccades and target word characteristics. However, the behaviour of regressive saccades, which move the eyes in the opposite direction, remains less explored. This study delves into the landing positions of regressive saccades, emphasizing the distinction between intra-word and inter-word regressions, across diverse languages. Using data from the MECO L1 project, which includes eye-tracking data from 589 participants across 13 languages, we scrutinize the precise landing positions of regressions vis-à-vis forward saccades. Our analysis shows a robust effect of launch distance on landing positions for progressive saccades, with undershoots increasing as launch distance grows and overshoots with shorter launch distances. In contrast, regressive inter-word saccades show only minimal variation in landing positions, typically landing near the centre of the target word regardless of launch distance or word length. Intra-word regressions, however, display a pattern similar to progressive saccades, where the landing position is influenced by launch distance, tending to overshoot the optimal viewing position as the launch site moves away from the word’s end. This pattern is consistent across all languages. These findings support the notion of cross-linguistic universality in oculomotor control mechanisms during reading, particularly the precision of regressive saccades. They align with the spatial coding hypothesis, suggesting that precise spatial memory of word positions guides regressive saccades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 108678"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108669
David Eckert , Christina Bermeitinger
The ability to perceive and quickly process biological motion is a key aspect in human information processing that allows for rapid reactions. Previous research demonstrated a strong activation elicited by biological movements as primes in response priming. Research has shown that for biological stimuli in general, a change in orientation can strongly affect perception, information extraction, and attention shifting. However, it is unclear whether motor activation is subject to this influence. The response priming paradigm is a suitable tool in cognitive psychology to investigate motor preactivations in general. Here, two experiments investigate the behavioral priming effects of upside-down presented biological movements on static targets in different SOA-steps. We use two stimuli for biological movements: a dynamic point-light walker (Experiment 1) and a face with a dynamic gaze (Experiment 2). Both stimuli are compared to their upright versions. While with upright biological movements, we replicate strong PCEs in both experiments, an upside-down PLW led to significantly weaker PCEs, suggesting an attenuation of priming effects through inversion. Interestingly, a scrambled-dot condition led to sustained PCEs, suggesting possible preserved local motion trajectories. As to gaze primes, both an upright and an upside-down version produced equally strong PCEs with a decline at a longer SOA. Motor activation elicited by gaze movement direction is sustained and independent from orientation. Our findings show that inversion can affect motor activation in biological motion processing. This influence, however, depends on the nature of the stimulus.
{"title":"Motion upside-down: Response priming with inverted biological primes","authors":"David Eckert , Christina Bermeitinger","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to perceive and quickly process biological motion is a key aspect in human information processing that allows for rapid reactions. Previous research demonstrated a strong activation elicited by biological movements as primes in response priming. Research has shown that for biological stimuli in general, a change in orientation can strongly affect perception, information extraction, and attention shifting. However, it is unclear whether motor activation is subject to this influence. The response priming paradigm is a suitable tool in cognitive psychology to investigate motor preactivations in general. Here, two experiments investigate the behavioral priming effects of upside-down presented biological movements on static targets in different SOA-steps. We use two stimuli for biological movements: a dynamic point-light walker (Experiment 1) and a face with a dynamic gaze (Experiment 2). Both stimuli are compared to their upright versions. While with upright biological movements, we replicate strong PCEs in both experiments, an upside-down PLW led to significantly weaker PCEs, suggesting an attenuation of priming effects through inversion. Interestingly, a scrambled-dot condition led to sustained PCEs, suggesting possible preserved local motion trajectories. As to gaze primes, both an upright and an upside-down version produced equally strong PCEs with a decline at a longer SOA. Motor activation elicited by gaze movement direction is sustained and independent from orientation. Our findings show that inversion can affect motor activation in biological motion processing. This influence, however, depends on the nature of the stimulus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 108669"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108659
Maureen D Plaumann , Wei Wei, Teng Leng Ooi
Inaccurate fixation is a hallmark of strabismus and amblyopia. Recently, positional error of fixation in amblyopic children was assessed with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). This study extends the use of OCT to examine both positional error and stability of fixation in an adult population and investigates how lifelong impairment of fixation can impact visual acuity in amblyopia. Twenty macular cube scans per eye were acquired with the Cirrus HD-OCT in 30 amblyopes and 30 controls with normal binocular vision. The foveal location was identified with the instrument’s software as line scan coordinates to determine the distance between the fovea and the center of the scan. The average positional error and stability of fixation were calculated utilizing the foveal location measurements. Crowded monocular distance visual acuity (VA) was obtained from each eye. Amblyopic eyes demonstrated greater position error and fixation instability compared to fellow and control eyes. Simple linear regressions revealed a significant relationship between both position error and VA and fixation stability and VA. However, with multiple regression, position error alone was the significant predictor of VA. Fixation accuracy analysis from OCT imaging provides a quantitative assessment of fixation behavior, allowing for more comprehensive clinical management of amblyopia and predicting visual acuity.
{"title":"Determining fixation accuracy with optical coherence tomography and its implication on visual acuity in amblyopia","authors":"Maureen D Plaumann , Wei Wei, Teng Leng Ooi","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inaccurate fixation is a hallmark of strabismus and amblyopia. Recently, positional error of fixation in amblyopic children was assessed with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). This study extends the use of OCT to examine both positional error and stability of fixation in an adult population and investigates how lifelong impairment of fixation can impact visual acuity in amblyopia. Twenty macular cube scans per eye were acquired with the Cirrus HD-OCT in 30 amblyopes and 30 controls with normal binocular vision. The foveal location was identified with the instrument’s software as line scan coordinates to determine the distance between the fovea and the center of the scan. The average positional error and stability of fixation were calculated utilizing the foveal location measurements. Crowded monocular distance visual acuity (VA) was obtained from each eye. Amblyopic eyes demonstrated greater position error and fixation instability compared to fellow and control eyes. Simple linear regressions revealed a significant relationship between both position error and VA and fixation stability and VA. However, with multiple regression, position error alone was the significant predictor of VA. Fixation accuracy analysis from OCT imaging provides a quantitative assessment of fixation behavior, allowing for more comprehensive clinical management of amblyopia and predicting visual acuity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 108659"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108664
Joycianne Rodrigues Parente , Eliza Maria da Costa Brito Lacerda , Dora Fix Ventura , Paulo Roney Kilpp Goulart , Natália B. Dutra , Givago Silva Souza , Letícia Miquilini
The Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) and the Cambridge Colour Test (CCT) are computerized psychophysical tests widely used in the diagnosis of color vision deficiencies due to their high specificity and sensitivity. However, these tests differ substantially in the type of visual task, stimulus configuration, vectors, luminance, background composition, and presentation time. This study aimed to compare the evaluation parameters estimated by these tests in trichromatic and dichromatic individuals. A total of sixty-six participants (40 trichromats and 38 dichromat individuals −16 protans and 22 deutans; mean age: 26.3 ± 8.9 years) were evaluated. Color discrimination thresholds were fitted to elliptical functions, and parameters such as ellipse area, rotation angle, and the size of protan, deutan, and tritan vectors were analyzed. Results showed equivalence between the tests for: the deutan and tritan vector areas and sizes in the trichromat subgroup; tritan vector area and size in the protan subgroup; and protan and tritan vector sizes in the deutan subgroup. Differences in the central coordinates of the CAD and CCT tests and the spatial arrangement of vectors in the CIE 1976 color space (specific to the CCT test) may have influenced the results. Nonetheless, agreement was observed in the measures of ellipse area, rotation angle, and sizes of the protan and tritan vectors between the two tests. These findings suggest that, despite methodological differences, the CAD and CCT tests produce largely comparable results and can be considered complementary tools in the assessment of color discrimination in clinical and research settings.
{"title":"Correlation between parameters estimated by the colour assessment and diagnosis and the Cambridge colour test in color discrimination evaluation","authors":"Joycianne Rodrigues Parente , Eliza Maria da Costa Brito Lacerda , Dora Fix Ventura , Paulo Roney Kilpp Goulart , Natália B. Dutra , Givago Silva Souza , Letícia Miquilini","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) and the Cambridge Colour Test (CCT) are computerized psychophysical tests widely used in the diagnosis of color vision deficiencies due to their high specificity and sensitivity. However, these tests differ substantially in the type of visual task, stimulus configuration, vectors, luminance, background composition, and presentation time. This study aimed to compare the evaluation parameters estimated by these tests in trichromatic and dichromatic individuals. A total of sixty-six participants (40 trichromats and 38 dichromat individuals −16 protans and 22 deutans; mean age: 26.3 ± 8.9 years) were evaluated. Color discrimination thresholds were fitted to elliptical functions, and parameters such as ellipse area, rotation angle, and the size of protan, deutan, and tritan vectors were analyzed. Results showed equivalence between the tests for: the deutan and tritan vector areas and sizes in the trichromat subgroup; tritan vector area and size in the protan subgroup; and protan and tritan vector sizes in the deutan subgroup. Differences in the central coordinates of the CAD and CCT tests and the spatial arrangement of vectors in the CIE 1976 color space (specific to the CCT test) may have influenced the results. Nonetheless, agreement was observed in the measures of ellipse area, rotation angle, and sizes of the protan and tritan vectors between the two tests. These findings suggest that, despite methodological differences, the CAD and CCT tests produce largely comparable results and can be considered complementary tools in the assessment of color discrimination in clinical and research settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 108664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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