Vision Research最新文献

{"title":"Photic drive response in people with epilepsy: Exploring the interaction with background alpha rhythm","authors":"Eman N. Ali ,&nbsp;Christian J. Lueck ,&nbsp;Kate L. Martin ,&nbsp;Angela Borbelj ,&nbsp;Ted Maddess","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photic drive responses (PDRs) are used to explore cortical hyperexcitability. We quantified PDRs and interactions with the alpha rhythm in people with epilepsy (PwE). Fifteen PwE (mean age ± SD 47.3 ± 4.6 years; 8 males), and 15 control subjects (mean age 52.7 ± 4.6 years; 9 males) underwent EEG with modified intermittent photic stimulation (IPS). The modification allowed so-called <em>alpha-band gain</em> to be measured. None of the PwE had demonstrated photosensitivity. The modified IPS method alternated eyes-open and eyes–closed conditions with and without IPS. The alpha-band gain appeared as N-fold changes in PDR when IPS (or its harmonics) and the alpha-bands overlapped. An epileptic attack within 1 month of testing significantly increased alpha-band gain by 1.36×. Generalised epilepsy (but not focal epilepsy) significantly decreased alpha-band gain y 0.79×. Each decade of age beyond the mean age significantly increased alpha-band gain by 1.09×. Similar significant interactions were seen between alpha and the second harmonic of IPS driving frequencies that matched alpha frequencies, <em>i.e.</em> for recent attack and, generalized epilepsy. The interactions thus appeared to be occurring between cortical IPS outputs and the alpha generator. These changes were most evident at electrodes O1 and O2. Investigating alpha-band gain using modified IPS offers a way to quantify cortical hyperexcitability in epilepsy and other diseases. It also provides new information about alpha and so too predictive coding, which appears to be at least partly governed by alpha.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Face age modulates face ensemble coding","authors":"Shenli Peng,&nbsp;Tianhui Liu,&nbsp;Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2025.108549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research has demonstrated that humans possess the remarkable ability to swiftly extract ensemble statistics, specifically the average identity, from sets of stimuli, such as facial crowds. This phenomenon is known as ensemble perception. Although previous studies have investigated how physiognomic features like gender and race influence face ensemble perception, the impact of face age on face ensemble coding performance remains a relatively unexplored area. Here, we demonstrated ensemble coding of multiple faces in terms of an average face was impacted by face age. In both Experiment 1 and 2, adult participants viewed sets of four faces that were of either own-age or other-age and then judged whether the subsequently presented probe face was present or not in the preceding set. The other-age faces were manipulated as older faces in Experiment 1 and baby faces in Experiment 2. The results suggested participants incorrectly endorsed a morphed set average to be the member of the set, pointing to face ensemble coding ability. Furthermore, the results of Experiment 1 revealed adult participants displayed an own-age superiority when other-age faces were manipulated as older faces, however, the results of Experiment 2 found when other-age faces were manipulated as baby faces, participants displayed stronger visual averaging tendency towards other-age faces rather own-age faces, showing a babyface effect. Together, the present research provided initial evidence that face ensemble coding performance was modulated by face age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual comfort models based on coloured text and neutral background combinations","authors":"Zhenzhen Li,&nbsp;Yu Liu,&nbsp;Yuechen Zhu,&nbsp;Ming Ronnier Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reading on mobile phones can cause visual discomfort, negatively affecting visual health. Most studies have focused on neutral text-background combinations, with limited validation for coloured text-background combinations. This study investigates the impact of coloured text on neutral backgrounds and the colour difference between text and background on visual comfort during digital reading. A psychophysical experiment was conducted, where 230 images of coloured text on neutral backgrounds were evaluated by 20 participants using a 6-point scale for visual comfort. Results showed that reading coloured text on a black background generally provided higher comfort compared to a white background. Additionally, visual comfort decreased as the text colour approached that of the background. The effect of text hue on comfort was not significant. Furthermore, several visual comfort models for mobile displays were developed and compared. The VC_1-LAB model is based on Bern’s attributes, while the VC_2-LAB model focuses on the lightness of text and background. The VC_3-LAB model includes both lightness and chroma attributes. Comparisons revealed that VC_3-LAB outperformed the others in predicting visual comfort, highlighting the importance of lightness and chroma in improving predictive accuracy. Therefore, the VC_3-LAB model is useful for evaluating the visual comfort of coloured text on neutral backgrounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trans-saccadic integration for object recognition peters out with pre-saccadic object eccentricity as target-directed saccades become more saliency-driven","authors":"Junhao Liang,&nbsp;Li Zhaoping","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bringing objects from peripheral locations to fovea via saccades facilitates their recognition. Human observers integrate pre- and post-saccadic information for recognition. This integration has only been investigated using instructed saccades to prescribed locations. Typically, the target has a fixed pre-saccadic location in an uncluttered scene and is viewed by a pre-determined post-saccadic duration. Consequently, whether trans-saccadic integration is limited or absent when the pre-saccadic target eccentricity is too large in cluttered scenes in unknown. Our study revealed this limit during visual exploration, when observers decided themselves when and to where to make their saccades. We asked thirty observers (400 trials each) to find and report as quickly as possible a target amongst 404 non-targets in an image spanning <span><math><mrow><mn>57</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>°</mo><mo>×</mo><mn>33</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span> in visual angle. We measured the target’s pre-saccadic eccentricity <span><math><mi>e</mi></math></span>, the duration <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> of the fixation before the saccade, and the post-saccadic foveal viewing duration <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. This <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> increased with <span><math><mi>e</mi></math></span> before starting to saturate around eccentricity <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>°</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>20</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>. Meanwhile, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> increased much more slowly with <span><math><mi>e</mi></math></span> and started decreasing before <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. These observations imply the following at sufficiently large pre-saccadic eccentricities: the trans-saccadic integration ceases, target recognition relies exclusively on post-saccadic foveal vision, decision to saccade to the target relies exclusively on target saliency rather than identification. These implications should be applicable to general behavior, although <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> should depend on object and scene properties. They are consistent with the Central-peripheral Dichotomy that central and peripheral vision are specialized for seeing and looking, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 108500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the efficient coding principle to understand encoding of multisensory and multimodality sensory signals","authors":"Li Zhaoping","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sensory neurons often encode multisensory or multimodal signals. For example, many medial superior temporal (MST) neurons are tuned to heading direction of self-motion based on visual (optic flow) signals and vestibular signals. Middle temporal (MT) cortical neurons are tuned to object depth from signals of two visual modalities: motion parallax and binocular disparity. A MST neuron’s preferred heading directions from different senses can be congruent (matched) or opposite from each other. Similarly, the preferred depths of a MT neuron from the two modalities are congruent in some neurons and opposite in other neurons. While the congruent tuning appears natural for cue integration, the functions of the opposite tuning have been puzzling. This paper explains these tunings from the efficient coding principle that sensory encoding extracts as much sensory information as possible while minimizing neural cost. It extends the previous applications of this principle to understand neural receptive fields in retina and the primary visual cortex, particularly multimodal encoding of cone signals or binocular signals. Congruent and opposite sensory signals that excite the congruent and opposite neurons, respectively, are the decorrelated sensory components that provide a general purpose, efficient, representation of sensory inputs before task specific object segmentation and recognition. It can be extended to encoding signals from more than two sensory sources, e.g., from three cone types. This framework also predicts a wider tuning width for the opposite than congruent neurons, neurons that are neither congruent nor opposite, and how neural receptive fields adapt to statistical changes of sensory environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 108489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking cortical entrainment to stages of optic-flow processing","authors":"Cai Wingfield ,&nbsp;Andrew Soltan ,&nbsp;Ian Nimmo-Smith ,&nbsp;William D. Marslen-Wilson ,&nbsp;Andrew Thwaites","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In human visual processing, information from the visual field passes through numerous transformations before perceptual attributes such as motion are derived. Determining the sequence of transforms involved in the perception of visual motion has been an active field since the 1940s. One plausible family of models are the spatiotemporal energy models, based on computations of motion energy computed from the spatiotemporal features the visual field. One of the most venerated is that of <span><span>Heeger (1988)</span></span>, which hypotheses that motion is estimated by matching the predicted spatiotemporal energy in frequency space. In this study, we investigate the plausibility of Heeger’s model by testing for evidence of cortical entrainment to its components. Entrainment of cortical activity to these components was estimated using measurements of electro- and magnetoencephalographic (EMEG) activity, recorded while healthy subjects watched videos of dots moving left and right across their visual field. We find entrainment to several components of Heeger’s model bilaterally in occipital lobe regions, including representations of motion energy at a latency of 80 ms, overall velocity at 95 ms, and acceleration at 130 ms. We find little evidence of entrainment to displacement. We contrast Heeger’s biologically inspired model with alternative baseline models, finding that Heeger’s model provides a closer fit to the observed data. These results help shed light on the processes through which perception of motion arises in the visual processing stream.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 108523"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles as emerging players in glaucoma: Mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets","authors":"Maral Namdari ,&nbsp;Fiona S. McDonnell","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted significant scientific interest due to their widespread distribution, their potential as disease biomarkers, and their promising applications in therapy. Encapsulated by lipid bilayers these nanovesicles include small extracellular vesicles (sEV) (30–150 nm), microvesicles (100–1000 nm), and apoptotic bodies (100–5000 nm) and are essential for cellular communication, immune responses, biomolecular transport, and physiological regulation. As they reflect the condition and functionality of their originating cells, EVs play critical roles in numerous physiological processes and diseases. Therefore, EVs offer valuable opportunities for uncovering disease mechanisms, enhancing drug delivery systems, and identifying novel biomarkers. In the context of glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, the specific roles of EVs are still largely unexplored.</div><div>This review examines the emerging role of EVs in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, with a focus on their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Through a thorough analysis of current literature, we summarize key advancements in EV research and identify areas where further investigation is needed to fully understand their function in glaucoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 108522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual discomfort and chromatic flickers","authors":"Sanae Yoshimoto ,&nbsp;Hinako Iizuka ,&nbsp;Tatsuto Takeuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flickering patterns that shift in chromaticity can be uncomfortable and may trigger epileptic seizures, though the underlying factors are not fully understood. In the spatial domain, chromatic contrast in images is a potential predictor of visual discomfort, with higher contrast generally leading to increased discomfort. This study investigated whether chromatic contrast between two flickering colors in a uniform field influences discomfort. Participants rated their subjective discomfort for various flickering color combinations defined by the CIE <em>L*a*b*</em> uniform color space. Overall, discomfort increased with both chromatic and brightness contrasts. Additionally, flickers containing highly saturated red generally caused greater discomfort compared to those without red, an effect not observed with low saturation. Our findings suggest that visual discomfort induced by time-varying chromatic patterns is partly influenced by chromatic contrast over time. Furthermore, unlike the spatial domain, discomfort in the temporal domain may be specifically associated with the hue of red.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 108520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cue location and object orientation on object-based attention","authors":"Hao Lou ,&nbsp;Karin S. Pilz ,&nbsp;Monicque M. Lorist","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatial cues have previously been found to facilitate information processing not only at cued locations but also within cued objects, so-called object-based attention. We used different variants of the classic two-rectangle paradigm to investigate the interaction of cue location and object orientation on object-based attentional effects. First, we re-analyzed data from a prior study using the classical two-rectangle paradigm. We expected faster attentional shifts along the horizontal compared to the vertical meridian. Results confirmed that cue location and rectangle orientation interactively influence object-based attention, with horizontal objects combined with upper left visual field cues eliciting faster responses than other conditions. In Experiment 2, we removed object contours to examine the benefits of shifting attention based purely on cue location. The results showed that these differences remained, indicating that attentional shifts are not solely guided by object contours. In Experiment 3, we added a third possible target location to the original two-rectangle experiment to examine whether attentional shifts followed a predictable pattern across the stimulus display. Despite faster responses to cued targets, no consistent and organized visual search pattern was observed when participants searched for targets at invalidly cued locations. Our findings suggest that object-based effects are influenced by both cue location and the orientation of attentional shifts. Shifts from left to right in the upper visual field consistently demonstrated significant benefits, whereas the benefits of vertical shifts were less consistent across experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 108521"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravitreal AAV2 gene delivery to feline retinal ganglion cells","authors":"Kazuya Oikawa ,&nbsp;J.Seth Eaton ,&nbsp;Julie A. Kiland ,&nbsp;Odalys Torné ,&nbsp;Virginia Mathu ,&nbsp;Robert W. Nickells ,&nbsp;Gillian J. McLellan","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective strategies for the neuroprotection and preservation of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) remain elusive in the management of glaucoma. A spontaneous genetic model of glaucoma has been identified in cats and extensively characterized as a viable translational model, with eye size and anatomy similar to humans. In this study we sought to establish initial proof of concept for gene delivery to feline RGCs via intravitreal injection of AAV2 in normal cats<em>.</em> Pre-retinal, posterior vitreal injection of AAV2/2-CMV-GFP, was performed overlying the area centralis in 5 adult cats. Immunosuppressive oral prednisolone was administered perioperatively and gradually tapered over 6-10wks post-injection. Ophthalmic examination was performed pre- and post-injection. The GFP reporter expression and morphological effects of viral transduction on the retina were monitored <em>in vivo</em> using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), respectively (Spectralis OCT-HRA, Heidelberg), at 1-2wk intervals over 6-10wks. Full-field electroretinograms (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded at baseline and post-injection. Retinas were examined by histology and immunolabeling for the RGC marker RBPMS and Müller cell and astrocyte marker SOX9, and GFP expression was examined in the retina, optic nerve (ON), optic tract and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). GFP⁺ retinal cells and RGC axons were visualized by cSLO at 1–2 weeks post-injection. No retinal morphological changes were observed by OCT <em>in vivo</em> but 3/5 eyes exhibited mild retinal inflammation on histology. Retinal and ON function were preserved in injected eyes compared to baseline and untreated eyes. GFP expression was predominantly identified in RBPMS⁺ RGC cells as well as SOX9⁺ Müller cells. GFP fluorescence was observed throughout RGC nerve fiber tract in the central visual pathway. Peak transduction in RGCs (up to ∼ 20 %) was observed in the regions with high GFP expression, but &lt; 1 % of RGCs expressed GFP across the whole retina. Our data provide proof of concept that pre-retinal injection of AAV2/2 may represent a feasible platform for gene delivery to feline RGCs <em>in vivo</em> but highlight a need for further refinement to improve RGC transduction efficiency and control low-grade retinal inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 108519"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}